Upload
virgil-martin
View
226
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ACIDS AND BASES
Chemistry
Arrhenius Acids & Bases
Arrhenius Acids Donate H+ to the
solution
HNO3 H+ + NO3-
Arrhenius Bases Donate OH- to the
solution
NaOH Na+ + OH-
H2O
H2O
Brønsted-Lowry Theory
Acid: proton (H+) donor HCl H2SO4
Base: proton (H+) acceptor NaOH NH3
Questions…
1. Which can be a B-L acid?
a) HNO3
b) Cu2+
c) HCO3-
2. Which can be a B-L base?
a) OH-
b) H2O
c) HCO3-
Conjugate Pairs
All B-L acid/base reactions have the following set-up:
HA + B ⇌ A- + HB+
Conjugate Pairs: HA & A-
B & HB+
Conjugate Pair
Conjugate Pair
3
Conjugate Acid/Base Pair Examples
Some Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Acid Base
HCl Cl–
H2SO4 HSO4–
H3O+ H2O
HSO4– SO4
2–
CH3COOH CH3COO–
H2CO3 HCO3−
HCO3– CO3
2–
NH4+ NH3
H2O OH–
Conjugate Acids & Bases Practice1. Determine the
conjugate acids for the following:
1. CN-
2. H2PO4-
3. PO43-
4. H2O
5. NH3
Determine the conjugate bases for the following:
a. H3O+
b. H2PO4-
c. H3PO4
d. HBre. H2SO4
Predict the following:
1. HNO3 + NH3
2. NH4+ + PO4
3-
3. H3O+ + CO32-
4. CH3COOH + H2O
Lewis’s Definition of Acids & Bases Defines
acids/bases in terms of e- pairs
Lewis Acid: e- pair acceptor
Lewis Base: e- pair donor
Lewis Acids & Bases
Lewis Acid: Must be able to
accept lone e- pairs (incomplete octet)
B, Be, Transition Metals
Lewis Base: Must have lone e-
pairs
Dative bond: Shown with
arrows to indicate donation of e- pairs
Complex Ions Lewis acids will
often form complex ions
Attached bases are called ligands
Acid/Base Definition Summary
Acid-Base Definitions
Type Acid Base
Arrhenius H+ producer OH– producer
Brønsted-Lowry H+ donor H+ acceptor
Lewis electron-pair acceptor electron-pair donor