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Arrhenius Model of Acids and Bases. Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 – October 2, 1927) Swedish chemist. Acid + Base Water + Salt. Acids. Acids – something with Hydrogen that makes hydrogen ions in water. produce H + ions * (or hydronium ions H 3 O + ) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Arrhenius Model ofAcids and Bases
Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 – October 2, 1927) Swedish chemist
Acid + Base Water + Salt
AcidsAcids – something with Hydrogen that makes
hydrogen ions in water.• produce H+ ions
*(or hydronium ions H3O+)
HCl H+ + Cl- monoprotic
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42- diprotic
H3PO4 3H+ + PO43- triprotic
Acid StrengthStrong Acids – total dissociation
HCl H+ + Cl-
Weak Acids – partial dissociation
HC2H3O2 H⇌ + + C2H3O2-
Table K
Strong
Weak
BasesBases – something with an OH- group that
makes hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
NaOH Na+ + OH-
Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH-
* alcohols are not bases (Table R)
CH3OH (methanol) Not a base!
Base StrengthStrong bases dissociate entirely into metal and hydroxide ion.
Strong Bases – total dissociation
NaOH Na+ + OH-
Weak Bases – partial dissociation
Mg(OH)2 Mg⇌ 2+ + 2OH-
Table L
Strong
Weak
Concentration vs Strength (molarity) (nature)
Concentrated DiluteStrong 12M HCl 1M HClWeak 12M HC2H3O2 1M HC2H3O2
Strong = dissociatesWeak = doesn’t give as many ions in water
Dissociation Constant (Ka)
Large Ka = strong acidSmall Ka = weak acid
HCl H+ + Cl-
Naming Acids
h yd ro - p re fix-ic en d in g
2 e lem en ts
-a te en d in gb ecom es-ic en d in g
-ite en d in gb ecom es
-o u s en d in g
n o h yd ro - p re fix
3 e lem en ts
AC ID Ss ta rt w ith 'H '
• HBr (aq)
• H2CO3
• H2SO3
hydrobromic acid
carbonic acid
sulfurous acid
Name the Acid: