Acids and Bases

PropertiesTheories of Behavior

Name 3 household items that you believe to be acidic or basic.

Most of these are ACIDIC!

Most of these are BASIC

Common Items and pH

Properties of ACIDS• Tart/sour taste• Strong electrolytes, conduct

electricity• Cause indicators to change color• Blue litmus paper to red• React with bases to form salts• Reactive with metals

Properties of Bases• Bitter taste• Slippery feel• Weak electrolytes• Cause indicators to

change color• Red litmus paper to blue• React with acids to form

salts

Arrhenius Theory: ACID

• A hydrogen containing compound that produces H+ ions when dissolved

• Arrhenius Acid is: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4

– Hydrogen ion (H+) donor– Proton (H+) donor

HA (aq) H+ (aq) + A - (aq)

HCl (aq) H+ (aq) + Cl - (aq)

Arrhenius Theory: BASE

• A hydroxide containing compound that produces OH- ions when dissolved

• Arrhenius Base is: NaOH, Ba(OH)2

– Hydroxide ion (OH-) donor

BOH (aq) B+ (aq) + OH - (aq)

NaOH (aq) Na+ (aq) + OH - (aq)

Bronsted-Lowry

• ACID: proton donor, H+ donor• BASE: proton acceptor, H+ acceptor• Broadened categories of acids-bases

Bronsted-Lowry

NH3 + HCl NH4+ + Cl-

Base Conjugate Acid

Acid Conjugate Base

http://www.lakelandschools.us/lh/lburris/pages/acid-base.htm

Lewis

• Acid : electron-pair acceptor– acids do not have to have Hydrogen in their formula

• Base : electron-pair donor• BrO3

− + MnO2 → Br − + MnO4−

BrO3− is the Lewis acid

MnO2 is the Lewis base

Key Terms• ACID – a substance that produces protons, H+• BASE- a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-

• Conjugate Acid – formed as base gains H+ ion

• Conjugate Base – remains after acid donates H+ ion

• Conjugate Acid/Base Pair - related by loss/gain of single H+ ion

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

Base ConjugateAcid

Acid Conjugate Base

"Left hand, right hand, it doesn't matter. I'm amphibious.”Charles Shackleford of the NCSU basketball team

APRIL 2011A two-week undercover operation has netted Lenoir County lawmen with the arrest of a former NC State and NBA basketball player who they say sold them prescription drugs. Charles Shackleford of Kinston was arrested after selling approximately 150 Lortab pills to undercover Kinston police and Lenoir County deputies. Officers say they purchased the prescription pain killers in the vicinity of Fairgrounds Road and Highway 11-55.The 44-year-old Shackleford was jailed on a $30,000 bond and has a first appearance Friday in Lenoir County district court.Shackleford played collegiate basketball at North Carolina State University for 3 seasons (1985/86-1987/88). He was selected by the New Jersey Nets in the 2nd round (32nd overall pick) of the 1988 NBA Draft. He played in six NBA seasons as a forward-center for the Nets, Philadelphia 76ers, Minnesota Timberwolves and Charlotte Hornets.

Key Terms• Amphoteric – can act as both an acid/base

• Monoprotic – acid that contains one H+ ion ex. HNO3 HCl

• Diprotic – acid that contains two H+ ions ex. H2SO4 H2CO3

• Triprotic – acid that contains three H+ ionsex. H3PO4

• Hydronium – positive ion formed when water gains H+ ion, H3O+