ACID MINE DRAINAGE PROJECTELKLAND JR./SR. HIGH SCHOOL

& MANSFIELD UNIVERSITY

2009

Post 1865

Pre 1865

Blossburg

(http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/DEPUTATE/MINRES/Districts/homepage/California/Underground/PA%20Mining%20History/PA_coal_fields_map.jpg)

1000 A.D. Hopi Indians1673-74—Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette discover “charbon de terra” on Illinois

River1701-Coal found by settlers in near today’s Richmond,

Virginia1762-Coal gas used to power street lights in Baltimore1830-First coal powered locomotive, ‘Tom Thumb”1875-Coke replaces charcoal as fuel for Iron Furnaces

(American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

1848-First coal miners union started in Schuykill County, Pennsylvania

1890-United Mine Workers of America is formed1912-First SCBA used in a mine rescue1930-Molded, protective helmet created for

miners1937-Shuttle car invented

(American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

1762-Coal gas used to power street lights in Baltimore1830-First coal powered locomotive, ‘Tom Thumb”1866-Strip mining becomes common practice1875-Coke replaces charcoal as fuel for Iron Furnaces1896-Steel timbering first used1901-GE.Co. builds first coal fired electric plant in PA1950-Present-Mechanized drilling rigs replace

humans

(American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

1977-SMRCA (Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act is passed.

1986-Clean Coal Technology Act is passed.2002-Coal mining companies reclaimed 2

millionth acre of mined land

(American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

1973-1974-Oil embargo by OPEC focuses attention on US coal and increases demand

1990-Us coal production tops one billion tons a year

1995-The NCA and AMC merge into NMA to represent coal and mineral companies

1996-Energy Policy Act opens electric utility to competition

2005-President Bush signs into law the Energy Policy Act—promotes increased usage of coal through clean coal technologies

(American Coal Foundation Website, 2005)

America entered the Second Industrial Revolution due to: 1.) Embargo Act of 1807

2.) War of 1812 America’s industrialization required three

developments: 1.) Expansion of transportation 2.)Effectively harnessing electricity3.) Increase productivity in refining and manufacturing

(http://www.kidinfo.com/American_History/Industrial_Revolution.html)(http://artofmanliness.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/andrew_carnegie_three-quarter_length_portrait_seated_facing_

slightly_left_1913.jpg)

(http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/images/coal_miners.jpg)

•Mine Collapse•Drowning•Gas Pockets•Coal Dust•Black Lung•Human Waste•Miners Strike

•Long work hours•No health insurance•Health problems•Loss of income•Strikes•Death•“Black Maria”

(www.shorpy.com/node/1384)