ACEC 2014 Concern Conference Presentation

8/10/2019 ACEC 2014 Concern Conference Presentation

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DEVELOPING SAFETY MEASURES

AND CHECKLISTS FOR DRIVEN PILE

CONSTRUCTION

Presented by

Piyanat Wongprates and Vachara Peansupap

Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

ConCERN 2014 and 7thASEAN Civil Engineering Conference (ACEC),ITB Campus, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia,

4-5 November 2014


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OUTLINE

Introduction

Problem Statement

Methodology

Research Findings

Conclusion and Recommendation

1

2

5

3

4


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3


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CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTION

4

The lack ofsafety

knowledge

Inappropriateuse of safety

system

Accidents

The lack oftraining

Failure ofsafety control

The lack ofsafety

protection

Negativeattitude towards

safety system


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THE CATEGORY OF FACTORS RELATED TO

CONSTRUCTION ACCIDENTS

5

The policy

factors

The process

factors

Accidents

The

personal

factors

The

motivation

factors


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IMPACT OF ACCIDENT

6

Accidentalloss

DirectLoss

MedicalCost

CompensationCost

ReparationCost

IndirectLoss

Losses forworkers

Losses foremployer

Losses forcountry

budget


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SAFTY MANAGEMENT AND PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

7

Need to improve safetyeffectiveness in the

workplace.

Safety managementas a part of project

management.

Safety effectiveness is ameasure of the success for

construction projectmanagement.


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CONSTRUCTION SAFETY CHECKLIST

8

The checklist is used as atool to remind supervisor

about the important

issues related to hazard,accident.

Supervisor usually uses theirexperiences in observation of

unsafe conditions and potentialhazards.


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9


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PROBLEM STATEMENTS

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! Checklists did not reflect issues that may

cause the accidents in each process.

Process VS Checklist


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PROBLEM STATEMENTS

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! Previous checklist items may not complete

because they were developed from individual

experience.

! There is no recommend of safety measures

that suggest the correction of unsafe

conditionsSafety measure VS Checklist


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Percentage of accidents in small Thai

construction projects

12

Percentage of accidents from a random collection of

small construction sites in the year 2013. (Office of

Thailand Labor Security, 2013)

1.613

38.71

19.35524.194

3.226

11.29

1.61305

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Percentageof

acc

idents

Prep

arationwork

Pilin

g&Foundation

work

Rein

forceConcrete

work

RoofWork

Utilitieswork

Arch

itecturework

Area

adjustment

work


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Pile driving accident


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Pile drivingaccident


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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

15

!Develop the safety checklists and safety

measures in each pile driving process.


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16


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

17

Analysis ofaccidents and

safety measuresin each pile

driving process

Verification ofsafety measuresfor minimizing

accidents

Development ofsafety checklist

There are 3 main steps of research


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

18

Analysis of accidents andsafety measures in each pile

driving process

Determine pile driving process

Explore the accidents in eachprocess

Recommend safety measure

Verification of safetymeasures for minimizing

accidents

Verification of safety measuresfor minimizing accidents.

Development of safetychecklist

Safety measure that require todevelop safety checklist.

Detail of safety checklist andits frequency.


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19


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1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETYMEASURES IN EACH PILE DRIVING

20

1. Determine pile driving process

! Most driven pile construction presents the similar

processes, machinery, operation method and

workflows.! The types of construction project have different

size of pile.

Determine piledriving process

Exploration of theaccidents

Recommend safetymeasure


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21

No. Pile driving processes

1 Survey and Move pile to construction site

2 Move and Install machine/device

3 Drive pile

4 Move the Driving tower to new targeted points

5 Remove the device

6 Other processes




1.1 Determine pile driving processes


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22

1.1 Determine pile driving processes




Survey and Move pile toconstruction site

1

Move and Install machine/device

2

Drive pile

3


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23

1.1 Determinepile driving process




Move the driving tower tonew targeted points

4

Remove the device

5

Other processes

6


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1.2 Exploration of the accidents

! 75 accidents which were listed from all processes of

pile driving.! The accidents from 2nd process (move and install

machine/device) and accidents from 5th process (remove

the device) showed the similar accidents such as

accidental clamping/hitting/dropping of materials or

equipment.





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Moving and Installing device

Materials fall from driving tower.

The components of the driving tower clamp theworker.

The components of the driving tower fall during the

hoisting process.


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Driving pile process

The debris of the pile head falls down on the workers

Electric shock while welding the pile head.

The pile hits the underground power cable during thedriving process.

The bolts of the driving tower fall down during the

hammering process.

The labor falls from the driving tower because ofclimbing the tower.


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1. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND SAFETY MEASURESIN EACH PILE DRIVING

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Moving the driving tower to newlocation

The driving tower collapses because of derail.

The driving tower clamps the foot of the workerduring the movement the pile driving tower.


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Process Example of Accidents

Moving and

Installing

device

- Materials fall from driving tower.

- The components of the driving tower clamp the worker.

-

The components of the driving tower fall during thehoisting process.

Driving pile - The debris of the pile head falls down on the workers

- Electric shock while welding the pile head.

- The pile hits the underground power cable during the

driving process.

-The bolts of the driving tower fall down during thehammering

- The labor falls from the driving tower

Moving the

pile driving

tower to newposition

- The driving tower collapses because of derail.

- The driving tower clamps the foot of the worker because

of moving the driving tower.





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29

1.3 Recommended safety measures! During the collecting accidents in each driven pile process,

researchers asked the experts to recommend safety

measures that can reduce and prevent it.

! The result of in-depth interview with ten experts found 204

safety measures to reduce and prevent 75 accidents inpile driving processes





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2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURES FOR

MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS

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! Safety measures to minimize and prevent accidents fromprevious part were verified by using Delphi technique.

! It was interviewed by using rating likert scale in the

questionnaire the scale consists of five levels ofacceptance including (1) strongly disagree (2) disagree (3)

neither (4) agree (5) strongly agree.! Delphi technique was used to collect 17 respondents from

different companies.


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! Agreement of reducing accidents determines median ismore than 3.5 and inter-quartile range is less than 1.

! There are 100% pass acceptance from respondents.

!

Therefore, 204 safety measures can be used to reduceaccidents in pile driving processes


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2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURESFOR MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS

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Process List of accidents Safety measures to reduce accidents

Movingand

Installing

device

Materials fall fromdriving tower.

Install warning signs to inform unsafe area.

Check the bolts of the tower before startworking.

Use appropriate speed to install the drivingtower.

The componentsof the driving tower

clamp the worker.

Must wear gloves.

The worker has to attach a rope to control theobject hoisted.

The tower crane should be assembled

horizontally and then lifted to vertical positionby crane.

There should be one worker to give signalwhile lifting the tower crane components.

Drivingpile

The debris of thepile head falls

down on theworkers

Workers must wear a construction helmet.

Check the pile cap before start working.

Use a wet gunny sack to cover the head ofthe pile before putting on the pile cap.


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Driving pile Electric shock whilewelding the pile

head.

Must wear gloves, safety shoes, weldingmask

Must have earth wire.

Avoid working in area with water.Stop working when it rains.

The pile hits theunderground power

cable during thedriving process.

Check for underground cables and watersupply system in working area.

The bolts of the

driving tower falldown during thehammering process.

Workers must wear safety helmet.

Check the bolts of driving pile tower.Observe the bolts of driving tower during thehammering.

Stop working if the bolts are loose.

The labor falls fromthe driving tower

because of climbingthe tower.

Must wear safety harness attached to asafety block when climbing the tower.

Wear non-slip shoes.Stop working when raining.


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2. VERIFICATION OF SAFETY MEASURES FORMINIMIZING ACCIDENTS

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Movingthe driving

tower to

newposition

The driving towercollapses because

of derail.

The controller and the signal man shouldhave the same understanding of the

gestures used

Check the rails of the driving tower.

The driving towerclamps the foot of

the worker becauseof moving the

driving tower.

Workers must stay away from the drivingpile tower when moving the tower.

Workers must wear safety shoes.

Need someone to give signal when moving

crane.


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3. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY CHECKLIST

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Safety measures that require to develop safety checklist

! This step is to find consensus of agreement on safety

measures that should be develop safety checklist fromexperts

!

Using Delphi technique. It was interviewed by using ratinglikert scale in the questionnaire, the scale consists of five

levels of acceptance including (1) strongly disagree (2)

disagree (3) neither (4) agree (5) strongly agree.

Safety measures that require todevelop safety checklist

Detail of safety checklist and itsfrequency


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Safety measures that require to develop safety checklist

! Agreement of having checklist to support safety measures

was determined by the conditions that median is more

than 3.5 and inter-quartile range is less than 1.

!

From the analysis, there were 45.6% safety measures thatwere required the development of safety checklist.

Safety measure that require todevelop safety checklist



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ProcessList of

accidentsSafety measures to reduce accidents Mdn.

Result of

acceptance

Moving

and

Installing

device

Materials fall

from driving

tower.

Install warning signs to separate the

construction area.

5 Strongly

agree

Check the bolts of the tower before start

working

5 Strongly

agreeUse appropriate speed to install the driving

tower.

2 Disagree

The

components

of the driving

tower clampthe worker.

Must wear gloves. 4 Agree

The worker has to attach a rope to control

the object hoisted.

2 Disagree

The tower crane should be assembledhorizontally and then lifted to vertical

position by crane.

2 Disagree

There should be one worker to give signal

while lifting the tower crane components.

4 Agree




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Process List of accidents Safety measures to reduce accidents Mdn.Result of

acceptance

Driving

pile

The debris of the

pile head falls down

on the workers

Workers must wear a construction

helmet.

4 Agree

Check the pile cap before start working. 5 Strongly agree

Use a wet gunny sack to cover the head

of the pile before putting on the pile cap.

2 Disagree

Electric shock while

welding the pile

head.

Must wear gloves, safety shoes, welding

mask while welding, must wear boots in

rainy season.

4 Agree

Must have earth wire. 4 Agree

Avoid working in area with water.

Stop working when it rains.

2 Disagree

The pile hits theunderground power

cable during the

driving process.

Check for underground cables andwater supply system in working area.

4 Agree

Safety measure that require to

develop safety checklist

Detail of safety checklist and its

frequency


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Process List of accidentsSafety measures to reduce

accidentsMdn.

Result of

acceptance

Driving

pile

The bolts of the

driving tower fall

down during the

hammering process.

Workers must wear safety helmet. 4 Agree

Check the bolts of driving pile

tower.

5 Strongly

agree

Observe the bolts of driving tower

during the hammering.

Stop working if the bolts are loose.

3 Neither

The labor falls from

the driving tower

because of climbing

the tower.

Must wear safety harness attached

to a safety block when climbing the

tower.

4 Agree

Wear non-slip shoes. 4 AgreeStop working when raining. 2 Disagree




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ProcessList of

accidents

Safety measures to reduce

accidentsMdn.

Result of

acceptance

Moving the

driving

tower to

new

position

The driving

tower collapses

because of

derail.

The controller and the signal man

should have the same understanding

of the gestures used

2 disagree

Check the rails of the driving tower. 4 Agree

The driving

tower clamps

the foot of the

worker because

of moving the

driving tower.

Workers must stay away from the

driving pile tower when moving the

tower.

1 Strongly

disagree

Workers must wear safety shoes. 4 Agree

Need someone to give signal whenmoving crane. 4 Agree




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Detail of safety checklist and its frequency

! This step is to find detail of safety checklist and its

frequency.

!

Safety checklist can be classified such as personalprotection equipment, pile driving equipment, environmentand so on.

! There are 36 new safety check lists which were

developed. The result of detail safety checklist andfrequency of checking in each process




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Detail of safety checklist and its frequency

Process

Detail items of checklist

Frequency ofchecking item

Moving andInstalling device

Personal Protection Equipment

Gloves Every day

Labor action

Sign man Every day

Pile driving equipment

Bolt (good condition, not corroded) Every day

Working Area

Red-white flag

Every day

Safety measures that require todevelop safety checklist



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3.2 Detail of safety checklist and its frequency

Process Detail items of checklistFrequency ofchecking item

Driving pile

Personal Protection EquipmentConstruction helmet Every day

Gloves Every day

Safety shoe Every day

Welding mask (while welding) Every day

Rain boots (raining season) Every day

Pile driving equipment

Pile cap (good condition, not loose)

Every day

Bolt (good condition, not corroded) Every day




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Process Detail items of checklistFrequency ofchecking item

Driving pile Working Area

Earth wireBefore starting the

project

Underground cableBefore starting the

project

Water supply systemBefore starting the

project




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Process

Detail items of checklist

Frequency ofchecking item

Moving the driving

tower to newposition

Personal Protection Equipment

Safety shoe

Every dayNon-slip shoe (Climbing tower) Every day

Safety harness (working higher than 2 m.) Every day

Labor action

Sign man Every day

Driving pile equipment

Rail of tower (good condition, not cored, not

flex)

Every day


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CONCLUSION

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The result of research are:

1. List of accidents that found in each pile driving

process.

2.

Safety measures that can help to reduce

accidents in each pile driving process.

3.

Checklist for each pile driving process.


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RECOMMENDATION

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Benefits of Safety Measures

Guidelines in pile drivingoperation.

Guideline in labor training.

Help the driving pilecompanies by offering anew technique to accidents.

Benefits of Safety Checklists

Help supervisor use safetychecklist in aspect of clarityand completeness.

It can be applied in manyaspects such as apply thechecklist for assessing or

monitoring or controllingsafety.


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Thank You

Documents

ACEC 2014 Concern Conference Presentation