Accuracy

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FormulasFunctionsMacros

implemented with

Define the accuracy goal.

Apply the spreadsheet design goal of accuracy.

Objectives

SUM Function AVERAGE Function MIN & MAX Functions COUNT Function 3D Calculations

Required Excel Skills Range Name Change Legend Change Axis Add Data Series ‘Other’ Pie Slice

Know the order of operations.

Select the correct function or construct the correct formula. (Choose a function over a formula.)

Isolate assumptions.

Check relative and absolute cell references.

Double-check all calculations.

What Steps Should You Follow to Improve Accuracy?

Parentheses

Multiplication and Division

Addition and Subtraction

What is the Order of Operations?

1. 6 / 2 * 4 =

2. 3 + 2 * 2 – 1 =

3. ( 2 * 5 ) + 15 / 5 =

Order of Operations Examples

Formula ◦ created by you◦ = A1 + A10

Function ◦ keyword defined by Microsoft◦ =SUM(A1:D1)◦ Functions are more flexible than formulas

What’s the Difference Between Formula and Function?

Formula vs. Function Example

=B3+B4+B5+B6

=SUM(C3:C6)

If you delete Row 5=SUM(C3:C5)

=cell reference

Used to transfer data from one cell to another

Benefit over copy & paste: redundant location is dynamic

What is the Simplest Formula?

SUM

AVERAGE

MIN and MAX

COUNT

What are the Common Functions?

Common Functions Examples

Store numbers in cells

Write equations to point to cells containing numbers

What Does Isolate Assumptions Mean?

Isolate Assumption Example

Assumption

=E2+3 is incorrect=E2+H2 is correct

Isolated Assumptions?How Do You Spend Your Study Time?

How Do You Spend Your Day?

Isolated Assumptions?

Cell Address Reference Changes when CopiedA1 Relative Vertically or Horizontally$A$1 Absolute Never$A1 Mixed VerticallyA$1 Mixed Horizontally

What are Relative, Absolute & Mixed Cell References?

The cell addresses in the copied calculation may change.

Any changes are made according to the direction and distance of the destination cell from the original source cell.

Is the formula entered going to be copied?

If so, which direction?

If it’s copied vertically, do you want the row references to change? If it’s copied horizontally, do you want the column references to change?

Do you want such a change to take place?

What are the Decision Points for Choosing the Correct Cell Reference?

What are the Decision Points for Choosing the Correct Cell Reference?

CopyFormula?

Vertical orHorizontal?

ChangeRows?

ChangeColumns?

Yes

No Stop

HorizontalVertical

YesYes

Stop

No

Enter $ beforecolumn letters

that shouldnot change

No

Enter $ beforerow numbers that shouldnot change

Start

1. Will you copy this function?2. If so, which direction: vertical or horizontal?3. If you copy vertically, Excel will automatically

change all relative row references. Do you want those row references to change?

Relative/Absolute Example

=SUM(B2:D2)

Mixed Cell References Needed?

How Do You Spend Your Study Time?

What equations would you use to calculate◦ Weighted Credits for each course◦ Total Semester Credits◦ Total Semester Weight Credits◦ GPA

Remember to:◦ Choose a function over a formula◦ Isolate assumptions◦ Check relative and absolute cell references

GPA Accuracy Activity

GPA Accuracy Activity

IF function displays one of two possible values depending on the outcome of a logical test

Logical Test compares two things

If the Logical Test equates to TRUE, the cell is filled with the True Value.

If the Logical Test equates to FALSE, the cell is filled with the False Value.

What is the Purpose of the IF Function?

If a course requires more than 3 hours of study time per week, we will label it HARD. Three or less hours of study is labeled EASY.

IF Label Example

What cell is used for the logical test? What is the logical test? What is the true value? False value?

IF Label Example

3

IF Grade Example Use the IF function

to assign Pass/Fail grades.

=IF(V4>=.6,”P”,”F”)