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Access to Knowledge; New roles for universities and libraries
Leo WaaijersDisciple of Eve
eIFL Seminar OPEN ACCESS:
NEW MODELS FOR SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONMay 14-15, 2008
Ilia Chavchavadze State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Eve inaugurating the A2K movement
Berlin Declaration, October 2003“Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only half complete if the information is not made widely and readily available to society.”
European University Association, January 2008“Universities should develop institutional policies and strategies that foster the availability of their quality controlled research results for the broadest possible range of users, maximizing their visibility, accessibility and scientific impact.”
Classical library
University
LibraryStacks
CatalogueCirculation
Disadvantages:1. Very expensive2. Limited clientele3. Limited usage4. People go to Google
(Scholar)
Main issue:
Quality
Future library
University
LibraryOAI repository
MetadataUsage metrics
Advantages:1. Cheaper2. Unlimited clientele3. Unlimited usage4. People go to Google
(Scholar)
Main issue:
Quality
Research life cycle
DARE 2003>06
• Approved: 14 June 2002• Name: DARE, Digital Academic Repositories• Period: 1 Jan. 2003 – 31 Dec. 2006• Budget: M€ 5.9• Standards: OAI-PMH 2.0; Dublin Core• Partners: All universities, KNAW, NWO and KB
Society
Research
Education
HarvestersVirtual Learning Environments,Course Ware, Readers, ...
InstitutionalRepository
TUDelft
Zaragoza
.....
CNRS
MIT
Subject repositories, refereed portals, databases, collaboratories,(Open Access) journals, ...
Institutional windows, expertise,professional journals, personal Web sites, national windows, ...
Two layers architecture
ArXiv
Oxford
Services
• end user services• machine-man• self-supporting• demand driven• scalable• customized• competition• exploiting
Content Grid
• infrastructure• machine-machine• public domain• supply based• international scale• standards/SOA• cooperation• enabling
<-technical quality-><-content quality->
Two layers business model
InstitutionalRepository
WUR
Leiden
.....
CERN
ArXiv
27 January 2004DAREnet
Nationwide (13 universities, KNAW, NWO)Initially 17.000 publications (Today 151.000)
(OpenDOAR: + 1100 OAI repositories)
1-st milestone
2-nd milestone
10 May 2005www.creamofscience.org
Complete oeuvre of +10 topscientists per DARE participant
• 15 Institutions• 207 authors (187 male, 20 female)• 40479 records = 195/author (from 3 to 1224)• 23853 full text = 58.7% (from 19% to 96% per
institute)• 25% copyright obstructed, 15% only metadata
available at the moment, 2% lost
Some figures
- 100.000 OA publications (of which 10.000 doctoral theses
under the name Promise of Science) to DAREnet
and, what’s more,
- IRs are embedded in the local and national knowledge infrastructure
Final milestone
31 December 2006
HunDAREd thousand
DAREnet
DARE projects
subject based Agriculture Repositories News Exchange
personal profiling tool
research data archeology
portal Africa studies
portal library & information science
annotation software
veterinarian portal
Legal awareness
digital archiving data of river research
research data educational research
portal environmental reserach
SCHOLAR(s) Economic Community
gateway to Dutch scientific information
HBO Knowledge Base
Copyright in higher education
DAREnet
Promise of Science
Offspring
• LOREnet
• DRIVER
• SURFshare
SU
CommonFacilities
Hive
OAI - PMHIMS-CP
SOAP - XML
ARNO
Intralibrary
LOREnetportal
BlackBoard
N@tschool
TeleTop
Learning environmen
ts
Repositories
………………….IMP-CP
compatible
……………………OIA-PMH
compatible
HTML
LOREnet
23 December 2005
LOREnet
Critical success factors
• Growing institutional sense of societal accountability
• SURF type of organisation: national agent organizing common milestones, knowledge exchange, usage of standards and quality guidelines
• OAI-PMH 2 layer concept: public content infrastructure + demand driven content services
• Andiamo approach: ‘Paths open up because we follow them up’
• Open international standards and protocols: TCP-IP, WWW, XML, OAI-PMH, (Qualified) DC, DOI, IEEE LOM, IMS-CP, DIDL, SOA.
The DARE Chronicle: Open Access to Research Results andTeaching Material in the Netherlands - Leo Waaijers - October 2007
Action points for libraries
1. Sign Berlin Declaration (or any other manifesto) by universities, followed by open access policies
2. Set up institutional OAI repositories (preferably as national service)
3. Set up national OA community and OA project (common standards and deadlines)
4. Involve (top) scientists via awareness campaigns
5. Start today: Andiamo
