Island
Strait
Isthmus
Cape
Seacoast
Gulf
Bay
Ocean
Volcano Mountain peak
Sound
Peninsula
Delta
Harbor
Cliff
ValleyIsland
Strait
Isthmus
Cape
Seacoast
Gulf
Bay
Ocean
Volcano Mountain peak
Sound
Peninsula
Delta
Harbor
Cliff
Valley
absolute location exact location of a place on the earth
described by global coordinates
basin area of land drained by a given river and its
branches;area of land surrounded by lands of higher elevations
bay part of a large body of water that extends into a
shoreline,generally smaller than a gulf
canyon deep and narrow valley with steep wallscape point of land
that extends into a river, lake, or oceanchannel wide strait or
waterway between two land-masses that
lie close to each other; deep part of a river or other
waterwaycliff steep, high wall of rock, earth, or ice continent one
of the seven large landmasses on the earthcultural feature
characteristic that humans have created
in a place, such as language, religion, housing, and settlement
pattern
delta flat, low-lying land built up from soil carried
downstreamby a river and deposited at its mouth
divide stretch of high land that separates river systems
downstream direction in which a river or stream flows from its
source to its mouthelevation height of land above sea
levelEquator imaginary line that runs around the earth halfway
between the North and South Poles; used as the startingpoint to
measure degrees of north and south latitude
glacier large, thick body of slowly moving icegulf part of a
large body of water that extends into a shoreline,
generally larger and more deeply indented than a bayharbor a
sheltered place along a shoreline where ships can
anchor safelyhighland elevated land area such as a hill,
mountain, or plateauhill elevated land with sloping sides and
rounded summit; gen-
erally smaller than a mountainisland land area, smaller than a
continent, completely sur-
rounded by wateristhmus narrow stretch of land connecting two
larger
land areaslake a sizable inland body of waterlatitude distance
north or south of the Equator, measured
in degreeslongitude distance east or west of the Prime Meridian,
meas-
ured in degreeslowland land, usually level, at a low
elevationmap drawing of the earth shown on a flat surfacemeridian
one of many lines on the global grid running from
the North Pole to the South Pole; used to measure degreesof
longitude
mesa broad, flat-topped landform with steep sides; smaller thana
plateau
8 Geography Handbook
As you read about America’sgeography, you will encounterthe
terms listed below. Many ofthe terms are pictured in
thediagram.
Island
Strait
Isthmus
Cape
Seacoast
Gulf
Bay
Ocean
Volcano Mountain peak
Sound
Peninsula
Delta
Harbor
Cliff
ValleyIsland
Strait
Isthmus
Cape
Seacoast
Gulf
Bay
Ocean
Volcano Mountain peak
Sound
Peninsula
Delta
Harbor
Cliff
Valley
absolute location exact location of a place on the earth
described by global coordinates
basin area of land drained by a given river and its
branches;area of land surrounded by lands of higher elevations
bay part of a large body of water that extends into a
shoreline,generally smaller than a gulf
canyon deep and narrow valley with steep wallscape point of land
that extends into a river, lake, or oceanchannel wide strait or
waterway between two land-masses that
lie close to each other; deep part of a river or other
waterwaycliff steep, high wall of rock, earth, or ice continent one
of the seven large landmasses on the earthcultural feature
characteristic that humans have created
in a place, such as language, religion, housing, and settlement
pattern
delta flat, low-lying land built up from soil carried
downstreamby a river and deposited at its mouth
divide stretch of high land that separates river systems
downstream direction in which a river or stream flows from its
source to its mouthelevation height of land above sea
levelEquator imaginary line that runs around the earth halfway
between the North and South Poles; used as the startingpoint to
measure degrees of north and south latitude
glacier large, thick body of slowly moving icegulf part of a
large body of water that extends into a shoreline,
generally larger and more deeply indented than a bayharbor a
sheltered place along a shoreline where ships can
anchor safelyhighland elevated land area such as a hill,
mountain, or plateauhill elevated land with sloping sides and
rounded summit; gen-
erally smaller than a mountainisland land area, smaller than a
continent, completely sur-
rounded by wateristhmus narrow stretch of land connecting two
larger
land areaslake a sizable inland body of waterlatitude distance
north or south of the Equator, measured
in degreeslongitude distance east or west of the Prime Meridian,
meas-
ured in degreeslowland land, usually level, at a low
elevationmap drawing of the earth shown on a flat surfacemeridian
one of many lines on the global grid running from
the North Pole to the South Pole; used to measure degreesof
longitude
mesa broad, flat-topped landform with steep sides; smaller thana
plateau
8 Geography Handbook
As you read about America’sgeography, you will encounterthe
terms listed below. Many ofthe terms are pictured in
thediagram.
Canyon
Tributary
Source of river
Lowland
UpstreamDownstream
Highland
Glacier
Basin
Mountain range
Hills
LakePlateau
River
Mouth of river
Plain
Channel
Desert
Canyon
Tributary
Source of river
Lowland
UpstreamDownstream
Highland
Glacier
Basin
Mountain range
Hills
LakePlateau
River
Mouth of river
Plain
Channel
Desert
mountain land with steep sides that rises sharply (1,000 feet
ormore) from surrounding land; generally larger and morerugged than
a hill
mountain peak pointed top of a mountainmountain range a series
of connected mountainsmouth (of a river) place where a stream or
river flows into a
larger body of waterocean one of the four major bodies of salt
water that surround
the continentsocean current stream of either cold or warm water
that moves
in a definite direction through an oceanparallel one of many
lines on the global grid that circle the
earth north or south of the Equator; used to measure degrees of
latitude
peninsula body of land jutting into a lake or ocean,
surroundedon three sides by water
physical feature characteristic of a place occurring
naturally,such as a landform, body of water, climate pattern, or
resource
plain area of level land, usually a low elevation and often
covered with grasses
plateau area of flat or rolling land at a high elevation,
about300–3,000 feet high
Prime Meridian line of the global grid running from the
NorthPole to the South Pole through Greenwich, England;
startingpoint for measuring degrees of east and west longitude
relief changes in elevation over a given area of landriver large
natural stream of water that runs through the landsea large body of
water completely or partly surrounded
by landseacoast land lying next to a sea or oceansea level
position on land level with surface of nearby ocean
or seasound body of water between a coastline and one or
more
islands off the coastsource (of a river) place where a river or
stream begins, often
in highlandsstrait narrow stretch of water joining two larger
bodies of watertributary small river or stream that flows into a
large river or
stream; a branch of the riverupstream direction opposite the
flow of a river; toward the
source of a river or streamvalley area of low land between hills
or mountainsvolcano mountain created as liquid rock or ash erupts
from
inside the earth
9Geography Handbook
Geography Handbook
Canyon
Tributary
Source of river
Lowland
UpstreamDownstream
Highland
Glacier
Basin
Mountain range
Hills
LakePlateau
River
Mouth of river
Plain
Channel
Desert
Canyon
Tributary
Source of river
Lowland
UpstreamDownstream
Highland
Glacier
Basin
Mountain range
Hills
LakePlateau
River
Mouth of river
Plain
Channel
Desert
mountain land with steep sides that rises sharply (1,000 feet
ormore) from surrounding land; generally larger and morerugged than
a hill
mountain peak pointed top of a mountainmountain range a series
of connected mountainsmouth (of a river) place where a stream or
river flows into a
larger body of waterocean one of the four major bodies of salt
water that surround
the continentsocean current stream of either cold or warm water
that moves
in a definite direction through an oceanparallel one of many
lines on the global grid that circle the
earth north or south of the Equator; used to measure degrees of
latitude
peninsula body of land jutting into a lake or ocean,
surroundedon three sides by water
physical feature characteristic of a place occurring
naturally,such as a landform, body of water, climate pattern, or
resource
plain area of level land, usually a low elevation and often
covered with grasses
plateau area of flat or rolling land at a high elevation,
about300–3,000 feet high
Prime Meridian line of the global grid running from the
NorthPole to the South Pole through Greenwich, England;
startingpoint for measuring degrees of east and west longitude
relief changes in elevation over a given area of landriver large
natural stream of water that runs through the landsea large body of
water completely or partly surrounded
by landseacoast land lying next to a sea or oceansea level
position on land level with surface of nearby ocean
or seasound body of water between a coastline and one or
more
islands off the coastsource (of a river) place where a river or
stream begins, often
in highlandsstrait narrow stretch of water joining two larger
bodies of watertributary small river or stream that flows into a
large river or
stream; a branch of the riverupstream direction opposite the
flow of a river; toward the
source of a river or streamvalley area of low land between hills
or mountainsvolcano mountain created as liquid rock or ash erupts
from
inside the earth
9Geography Handbook
Geography Handbook
The American Journey—Illinois EditionIllinois Learning Standards
for Social ScienceHow Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the
Standards?How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge
of Social Science?The Illinois Constitution: A SummaryTable of
ContentsPreviewing Your TextbookScavenger HuntHow Do I Study
History?The Structure of Illinois GovernmentConstitution Test
PracticeReading Skills HandbookIdentifying Words and Building
VocabularyReading for a ReasonUnderstanding What You ReadThinking
About Your ReadingUnderstanding Text StructureReading for
Research
National Geographic Reference AtlasUnited States PoliticalUnited
States PhysicalUnited States Territorial GrowthNorth America
PhysicalNorth America PoliticalMiddle East Physical/PoliticalWorld
PoliticalUnited States Facts
Geography HandbookWhat Is Geography?How Do I Study Geography?How
Do I Use Maps?How Does Geography Influence History?Geographic
Dictionary
Be an Active ReaderUnit 1: Different Worlds Meet: Beginnings to
1625Chapter 1: The First Americans, Prehistory to 1492Section 1:
Early PeoplesSection 2: Cities and EmpiresSection 3: North American
PeoplesChapter 1 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 2: Exploring the Americas, 1400–1625Section 1: A
Changing WorldSection 2: Early ExplorationSection 3: Spain in
AmericaSection 4: Exploring North AmericaChapter 2 Assessment and
Activities
Unit 2: Colonial Settlement: 1587–1770Chapter 3: Colonial
America, 1587–1770Section 1: Early English SettlementsSection 2:
New England ColoniesSection 3: Middle ColoniesSection 4: Southern
ColoniesChapter 3 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 4: The Colonies Grow, 1607–1770Section 1: Life in the
ColoniesSection 2: Government, Religion, and CultureSection 3:
France and Britain ClashSection 4: The French and Indian WarChapter
4 Assessment and Activities
Unit 3: Creating a Nation: 1763–1791Chapter 5: Road to
Independence, 1763–1776Section 1: Taxation Without
RepresentationSection 2: Building Colonial UnitySection 3: A Call
to ArmsSection 4: Moving Toward IndependenceThe Declaration of
IndependenceChapter 5 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 6: The American Revolution, 1776–1783Section 1: The
Early YearsSection 2: The War ContinuesSection 3: The War Moves
West and SouthSection 4: The War Is WonChapter 6 Assessment and
Activities
Chapter 7: A More Perfect Union, 1777–1790Section 1: The
Articles of ConfederationSection 2: Convention and
CompromiseSection 3: A New Plan of GovernmentChapter 7 Assessment
and Activities
Civics in Action: A Citizenship HandbookSection 1: The
ConstitutionSection 2: The Federal GovernmentSection 3: Citizen's
Rights and ResponsibilitiesHandbook Assessment
The Constitution of the United States
Unit 4: The New Republic: 1789–1825Chapter 8: A New Nation,
1789–1800Section 1: The First PresidentSection 2: Early
ChallengesSection 3: The First Political PartiesChapter 8
Assessment and Activities
Chapter 9: The Jefferson Era, 1800–1816Section 1: The
Republicans Take PowerSection 2: The Louisiana PurchaseSection 3: A
Time of ConflictSection 4: The War of 1812Chapter 9 Assessment and
Activities
Chapter 10: Growth and Expansion, 1790–1825Section 1: Economic
GrowthSection 2: Westward BoundSection 3: Unity and
SectionalismChapter 10 Assessment and Activities
Unit 5: The Growing Nation: 1820–1860Chapter 11: The Jackson
Era, 1824–1845Section 1: Jacksonian DemocracySection 2: Conflicts
Over LandSection 3: Jackson and the BankChapter 11 Assessment and
Activities
Chapter 12: Manifest Destiny, 1818–1853Section 1: The Oregon
CountrySection 2: Independence for TexasSection 3: War with
MexicoSection 4: New Settlers in California and UtahChapter 12
Assessment and Activities
Chapter 13: North and South, 1820–1860Section 1: The North's
EconomySection 2: The North's PeopleSection 3: Southern Cotton
KingdomSection 4: The South's PeopleChapter 13 Assessment and
Activities
Chapter 14: The Age of Reform, 1820–1860Section 1: Social
ReformSection 2: The AbolitionistsSection 3: The Women's
MovementChapter 14 Assessment and Activities
Unit 6: Civil War and Reconstruction: 1846–1896Chapter 15: Road
to Civil War, 1820–1861Section 1: Slavery and the WestSection 2: A
Nation DividingSection 3: Challenges to SlaverySection 4: Secession
and WarChapter 15 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 16: The Civil War, 1861–1865Section 1: The Two
SidesSection 2: Early Years of the WarSection 3: A Call for
FreedomSection 4: Life During the Civil WarSection 5: The Way to
VictoryChapter 16 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 17: Reconstruction and Its Aftermath, 1865–1896Section
1: Reconstruction PlansSection 2: Radicals in ControlSection 3: The
South During ReconstructionSection 4: Change in the SouthChapter 17
Assessment and Activities
Unit 7: Reshaping the Nation: 1858–1914Chapter 18: The Western
Frontier, 1858–1896Section 1: The Mining BoomsSection 2: Ranchers
and FarmersSection 3: Native American StrugglesSection 4: Farmers
in ProtestChapter 18 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 19: The Growth of Industry, 1865–1914Section 1:
Railroads Lead the WaySection 2: InventionsSection 3: An Age of Big
BusinessSection 4: Industrial WorkersChapter 19 Assessment and
Activities
Chapter 20: Toward an Urban America, 1865–1914Section 1: The New
ImmigrantsSection 2: Moving to the CitySection 3: A Changing
CultureChapter 20 Assessment and Activities
Unit 8: Reform, Expansion, and War: 1865–1920Chapter 21:
Progressive Reforms, 1877–1920Section 1: The Progressive
MovementSection 2: Women and ProgressivesSection 3: Progressive
PresidentsSection 4: Excluded from ReformChapter 21 Assessment and
Activities
Chapter 22: Overseas Expansion, 1865–1917Section 1: Expanding
HorizonsSection 2: Imperialism in the PacificSection 3:
Spanish-American WarSection 4: Latin American PoliciesChapter 22
Assessment and Activities
Chapter 23: World War I, 1914–1919Section 1: War in
EuropeSection 2: America's Road to WarSection 3: Americans Join the
AlliesSection 4: The War at HomeSection 5: Searching for
PeaceChapter 23 Assessment and Activities
Unit 9: Turbulent Decades: 1919–1945Chapter 24: The Jazz Age,
1919–1929Section 1: Time of TurmoilSection 2: Desire for
NormalcySection 3: A Booming EconomySection 4: The Roaring
TwentiesChapter 24 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 25: The Depression and FDR, 1929–1941Section 1: The
Great DepressionSection 2: Roosevelt's New DealSection 3: Life
During the DepressionSection 4: Effects of the New DealChapter 25
Assessment and Activities
Chapter 26: World War II, 1939–1945Section 1: Road to WarSection
2: War BeginsSection 3: On the Home FrontSection 4: War in Europe
and AfricaSection 5: War in the PacificChapter 26 Assessment and
Activities
Unit 10: Turning Points: 1945–1975Chapter 27: The Cold War Era,
1945–1954Section 1: Cold War OriginsSection 2: Postwar
PoliticsSection 3: The Korean WarSection 4: The Red ScareChapter 27
Assessment and Activities
Chapter 28: America in the 1950s, 1953–1960Section 1: Eisenhower
in the White HouseSection 2: 1950s ProsperitySection 3: Problems in
a Time of PlentyChapter 28 Assessment and Activities
Chapter 29: The Civil Rights Era, 1954–1973Section 1: The Civil
Rights MovementSection 2: Kennedy and JohnsonSection 3: The
Struggle ContinuesSection 4: Other Groups Seek RightsChapter 29
Assessment and Activities
Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era, 1960–1975Section 1: Kennedy's
Foreign PolicySection 2: War in VietnamSection 3: The Vietnam Years
at HomeSection 4: Nixon and VietnamChapter 30 Assessment and
Activities
Unit 11: Modern America: 1968–PresentChapter 31: Search for
Stability, 1968–1981Section 1: Nixon's Foreign PolicySection 2:
Nixon and WatergateSection 3: The Carter PresidencyChapter 31
Assessment and Activities
Chapter 32: New Challenges, 1981–PresentSection 1: The Reagan
PresidencySection 2: The Bush PresidencySection 3: A New
CenturySection 4: The War on TerrorismChapter 32 Assessment and
Activities
AppendixWhat Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One?Primary Sources
LibraryPresidents of the United StatesDocuments of American
HistorySupreme Court Case SummariesGazetteerGlossarySpanish
GlossaryIndexAcknowledgements and Photo Credits
Feature ContentsPrimary Sources LibraryDocuments of America's
HeritageMore About…What Life Was Like…National Geographic:
Geography & HistoryAmerica's LiteratureTwo ViewpointsTechnology
and HistoryLinking Past & PresentWhat If…Hands-On History Lab
ActivityTIME NotebookWhy It MattersCauses and
EffectsSkillBuilderCritical ThinkingSocial StudiesStudy &
WritingTechnology
People In HistoryFact Fiction FolklorePrimary Source
QuotesCharts & GraphsMaps
Student WorkbooksActive Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student
EditionChapter 1: The First Americans, Prehistory to 1492Section 1:
Early PeoplesSection 2: Cities and EmpiresSection 3: North American
Peoples
Chapter 2: Exploring the Americas, 1400–1625Section 1: A
Changing WorldSection 2: Early ExplorationSection 3: Spain in
AmericaSection 4: Exploring North America
Chapter 3: Colonial America, 1587–1770Section 1: Early English
SettlementsSection 2: New England ColoniesSection 3: Middle
ColoniesSection 4: Southern Colonies
Chapter 4: The Colonies Grow, 1607–1770Section 1: Life in the
ColoniesSection 2: Government, Religion, and CultureSection 3:
France and Britain ClashSection 4: The French and Indian War
Chapter 5: Road to Independence, 1763–1776Section 1: Taxation
Without RepresentationSection 2: Building Colonial UnitySection 3:
A Call to ArmsSection 4: Moving Toward Independence
Chapter 6: The American Revolution, 1776–1783Section 1: The
Early YearsSection 2: The War ContinuesSection 3: The War Moves
West and SouthSection 4: The War Is Won
Chapter 7: A More Perfect Union, 1777–1790Section 1: The
Articles of ConfederationSection 2: Convention and
CompromiseSection 3: A New Plan of Government
Chapter 8: A New Nation, 1789–1800Section 1: The First
PresidentSection 2: Early ChallengesSection 3: The First Political
Parties
Chapter 9: The Jefferson Era, 1800–1816Section 1: The
Republicans Take PowerSection 2: The Louisiana PurchaseSection 3: A
Time of ConflictSection 4: The War of 1812
Chapter 10: Growth and Expansion, 1790–1825Section 1: Economic
GrowthSection 2: Westward BoundSection 3: Unity and
Sectionalism
Chapter 11: The Jackson Era, 1824–1845Section 1: Jacksonian
DemocracySection 2: Conflicts Over LandSection 3: Jackson and the
Bank
Chapter 12: Manifest Destiny, 1818–1853Section 1: The Oregon
CountrySection 2: Independence for TexasSection 3: War with
MexicoSection 4: New Settlers in California and Utah
Chapter 13: North and South, 1820–1860Section 1: The North's
EconomySection 2: The North's PeopleSection 3: Southern Cotton
KingdomSection 4: The South's People
Chapter 14: The Age of Reform, 1820–1860Section 1: Social
ReformSection 2: The AbolitionistsSection 3: The Women's
Movement
Chapter 15: Road to Civil War, 1820–1861Section 1: Slavery and
the WestSection 2: A Nation DividingSection 3: Challenges to
SlaverySection 4: Secession and War
Chapter 16: The Civil War, 1861–1865Section 1: The Two
SidesSection 2: Early Years of the WarSection 3: A Call for
FreedomSection 4: Life During the Civil WarSection 5: The Way to
Victory
Chapter 17: Reconstruction and Its Aftermath, 1865–1896Section
1: Reconstruction PlansSection 2: Radicals in ControlSection 3: The
South During ReconstructionSection 4: Change in the South
Chapter 18: The Western Frontier, 1858–1896Section 1: The Mining
BoomsSection 2: Ranchers and FarmersSection 3: Native American
StrugglesSection 4: Farmers in Protest
Chapter 19: The Growth of Industry, 1865–1914Section 1:
Railroads Lead the WaySection 2: InventionsSection 3: An Age of Big
BusinessSection 4: Industrial Workers
Chapter 20: Toward an Urban America, 1865–1914Section 1: The New
ImmigrantsSection 2: Moving to the CitySection 3: A Changing
Culture
Chapter 21: Progressive Reforms, 1877–1920Section 1: The
Progressive MovementSection 2: Women and ProgressivesSection 3:
Progressive PresidentsSection 4: Excluded from Reform
Chapter 22: Overseas Expansion, 1865–1917Section 1: Expanding
HorizonsSection 2: Imperialism in the PacificSection 3:
Spanish-American WarSection 4: Latin American Policies
Chapter 23: World War I, 1914–1919Section 1: War in
EuropeSection 2: America's Road to WarSection 3: Americans Join the
AlliesSection 4: The War at HomeSection 5: Searching for Peace
Chapter 24: The Jazz Age, 1919–1929Section 1: Time of
TurmoilSection 2: Desire for NormalcySection 3: A Booming
EconomySection 4: The Roaring Twenties
Chapter 25: The Depression and FDR, 1929–1941Section 1: The
Great DepressionSection 2: Roosevelt's New DealSection 3: Life
During the DepressionSection 4: Effects of the New Deal
Chapter 26: World War II, 1939–1945Section 1: Road to WarSection
2: War BeginsSection 3: On the Home FrontSection 4: War in Europe
and AfricaSection 5: War in the Pacific
Chapter 27: The Cold War Era, 1945–1954Section 1: Cold War
OriginsSection 2: Postwar PoliticsSection 3: The Korean WarSection
4: The Red Scare
Chapter 28: America in the 1950s, 1953–1960Section 1: Eisenhower
in the White HouseSection 2: 1950s ProsperitySection 3: Problems in
a Time of Plenty
Chapter 29: The Civil Rights Era, 1954–1973Section 1: The Civil
Rights MovementSection 2: Kennedy and JohnsonSection 3: The
Struggle ContinuesSection 4: Other Groups Seek Rights
Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era, 1960–1975Section 1: Kennedy's
Foreign PolicySection 2: War in VietnamSection 3: The Vietnam Years
at HomeSection 4: Nixon and Vietnam
Chapter 31: Search for Stability, 1968–1981Section 1: Nixon's
Foreign PolicySection 2: Nixon and WatergateSection 3: The Carter
Presidency
Chapter 32: New Challenges, 1981–PresentSection 1: The Reagan
PresidencySection 2: The Bush PresidencySection 3: A New
CenturySection 4: The War on Terrorism
Activity Workbook - Student EditionLocal history
activitiesActivity 1: The First AmericansActivity 2: Exploring the
AmericasActivity 3: Colonial AmericaActivity 4: The Colonies
GrowActivity 5: Road to IndependenceActivity 6: The American
RevolutionActivity 7: A More Perfect UnionActivity 8: A New
NationActivity 9: The Jefferson EraActivity 10: Growth and
ExpansionActivity 11: The Jackson EraActivity 12: Manifest
DestinyActivity 13: North and SouthActivity 14: The Age of
ReformActivity 15: Road to Civil WarActivity 16: The Civil
WarActivity 17: Reconstruction and Its AftermathActivity 18: The
Western FrontierActivity 19: The Growth of IndustryActivity 20:
Toward an Urban AmericaActivity 21: Progressive ReformsActivity 22:
Overseas ExpansionActivity 23: World War IActivity 24: The Jazz
AgeActivity 25: The Depression and FDRActivity 26: World War
IIActivity 27: The Cold War EraActivity 28: America in the
1950sActivity 29: The Civil Rights EraActivity 30: The Vietnam
EraActivity 31: Search for StabilityActivity 32: New Challenges
Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionChapter 1:
The First Americans, Prehistory to 1492Section 1: Early
PeoplesSection 2: Cities and EmpiresSection 3: North American
Peoples
Chapter 2: Exploring the Americas, 1400–1625Section 1: A
Changing WorldSection 2: Early ExplorationSection 3: Spain in
AmericaSection 4: Exploring North America
Chapter 3: Colonial America, 1587–1770Section 1: Early English
SettlementsSection 2: New England ColoniesSection 3: Middle
ColoniesSection 4: Southern Colonies
Chapter 4: The Colonies Grow, 1607–1770Section 1: Life in the
ColoniesSection 2: Government, Religion, and CultureSection 3:
France and Britain ClashSection 4: The French and Indian War
Chapter 5: Road to Independence, 1763–1776Section 1: Taxation
Without RepresentationSection 2: Building Colonial UnitySection 3:
A Call to ArmsSection 4: Moving Toward Independence
Chapter 6: The American Revolution, 1776–1783Section 1: The
Early YearsSection 2: The War ContinuesSection 3: The War Moves
West and SouthSection 4: The War Is Won
Chapter 7: A More Perfect Union, 1777–1790Section 1: The
Articles of ConfederationSection 2: Convention and
CompromiseSection 3: A New Plan of Government
Chapter 8: A New Nation, 1789–1800Section 1: The First
PresidentSection 2: Early ChallengesSection 3: The First Political
Parties
Chapter 9: The Jefferson Era, 1800–1816Section 1: The
Republicans Take PowerSection 2: The Louisiana PurchaseSection 3: A
Time of ConflictSection 4: The War of 1812
Chapter 10: Growth and Expansion, 1790–1825Section 1: Economic
GrowthSection 2: Westward BoundSection 3: Unity and
Sectionalism
Chapter 11: The Jackson Era, 1824–1845Section 1: Jacksonian
DemocracySection 2: Conflicts Over LandSection 3: Jackson and the
Bank
Chapter 12: Manifest Destiny, 1818–1853Section 1: The Oregon
CountrySection 2: Independence for TexasSection 3: War with
MexicoSection 4: New Settlers in California and Utah
Chapter 13: North and South, 1820–1860Section 1: The North's
EconomySection 2: The North's PeopleSection 3: Southern Cotton
KingdomSection 4: The South's People
Chapter 14: The Age of Reform, 1820–1860Section 1: Social
ReformSection 2: The AbolitionistsSection 3: The Women's
Movement
Chapter 15: Road to Civil War, 1820–1861Section 1: Slavery and
the WestSection 2: A Nation DividingSection 3: Challenges to
SlaverySection 4: Secession and War
Chapter 16: The Civil War, 1861–1865Section 1: The Two
SidesSection 2: Early Years of the WarSection 3: A Call for
FreedomSection 4: Life During the Civil WarSection 5: The Way to
Victory
Chapter 17: Reconstruction and Its Aftermath, 1865–1896Section
1: Reconstruction PlansSection 2: Radicals in ControlSection 3: The
South During ReconstructionSection 4: Change in the South
Chapter 18: The Western Frontier, 1858–1896Section 1: The Mining
BoomsSection 2: Ranchers and FarmersSection 3: Native American
StrugglesSection 4: Farmers in Protest
Chapter 19: The Growth of Industry, 1865–1914Section 1:
Railroads Lead the WaySection 2: InventionsSection 3: An Age of Big
BusinessSection 4: Industrial Workers
Chapter 20: Toward an Urban America, 1865–1914Section 1: The New
ImmigrantsSection 2: Moving to the CitySection 3: A Changing
Culture
Chapter 21: Progressive Reforms, 1877–1920Section 1: The
Progressive MovementSection 2: Women and ProgressivesSection 3:
Progressive PresidentsSection 4: Excluded from Reform
Chapter 22: Overseas Expansion, 1865–1917Section 1: Expanding
HorizonsSection 2: Imperialism in the PacificSection 3:
Spanish-American WarSection 4: Latin American Policies
Chapter 23: World War I, 1914–1919Section 1: War in
EuropeSection 2: America's Road to WarSection 3: Americans Join the
AlliesSection 4: The War at HomeSection 5: Searching for Peace
Chapter 24: The Jazz Age, 1919–1929Section 1: Time of
TurmoilSection 2: Desire for NormalcySection 3: A Booming
EconomySection 4: The Roaring Twenties
Chapter 25: The Depression and FDR, 1929–1941Section 1: The
Great DepressionSection 2: Roosevelt's New DealSection 3: Life
During the DepressionSection 4: Effects of the New Deal
Chapter 26: World War II, 1939–1945Section 1: Road to WarSection
2: War BeginsSection 3: On the Home FrontSection 4: War in Europe
and AfricaSection 5: War in the Pacific
Chapter 27: The Cold War Era, 1945–1954Section 1: Cold War
OriginsSection 2: Postwar PoliticsSection 3: The Korean WarSection
4: The Red Scare
Chapter 28: America in the 1950s, 1953–1960Section 1: Eisenhower
in the White HouseSection 2: 1950s ProsperitySection 3: Problems in
a Time of Plenty
Chapter 29: The Civil Rights Era, 1954–1973Section 1: The Civil
Rights MovementSection 2: Kennedy and JohnsonSection 3: The
Struggle ContinuesSection 4: Other Groups Seek Rights
Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era, 1960–1975Section 1: Kennedy's
Foreign PolicySection 2: War in VietnamSection 3: The Vietnam Years
at HomeSection 4: Nixon and Vietnam
Chapter 31: Search for Stability, 1968–1981Section 1: Nixon's
Foreign PolicySection 2: Nixon and WatergateSection 3: The Carter
Presidency
Chapter 32: New Challenges, 1981–PresentSection 1: The Reagan
PresidencySection 2: The Bush PresidencySection 3: A New
CenturySection 4: The War on Terrorism
Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student
EditionCapítulo 1: Los primeros habitantes de las Américas,
Prehistoria a 1492Guía de estudio 1-1: Los primeros pueblosGuía de
estudio 1-2: Ciudades e imperiosGuía de estudio 1-3: Pueblos
norteamericanos
Capítulo 2: La exploración de las Américas, 1400–1625Guía de
estudio 2-1: Un mundo cambianteGuía de estudio 2-2: Primeras
exploracionesGuía de estudio 2-3: España en AméricaGuía de estudio
2-4: Exploración de Norteamérica
Capítulo 3: La América colonial, 1587–1770Guía de estudio 3-1:
Primeros asentamientos inglesesGuía de estudio 3-2: Colonias de
Nueva InglaterraGuía de estudio 3-3: Colonias del CentroGuía de
estudio 3-4: Colonias del Sur
Capítulo 4: El desarollo de las colonias, 1607–1770Guía de
estudio 4-1: La vida en las coloniasGuía de estudio 4-2: Gobierno,
religión y culturaGuía de estudio 4-3: Choque entre Francia e
InglaterraGuía de estudio 4-4: La guerra francesa e india
Capítulo 5: El camino de la Independencia, 1763–1776Guía de
estudio 5-1: Impuestos sin representaciónGuía de estudio 5-2:
Formación de la unidad colonialGuía de estudio 5-3: Un llamado a
las armasGuía de estudio 5-4: Avanzar hacia la independencia
Capítulo 6: La Guerra de Independencia, 1776–1783Guía de estudio
6-1: Los primeros añosGuía de estudio 6-2: La guerra continúaGuía
de estudio 6-3: La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el SurGuía de
estudio 6-4: La guerra se gana
Capítulo 7: Una unión más perfecta, 1777–1790Guía de estudio
7-1: Los artículos de la ConfederaciónGuía de estudio 7-2:
Convención y compromisoGuía de estudio 7-3: Un nuevo plan de
gobierno
Capítulo 8: Una nueva Nación, 1879–1800Guía de estudio 8-1: El
primer presidenteGuía de estudio 8-2: Primeros retosGuía de estudio
8-3: Los primeros partidos políticos
Capítulo 9: La era de Jefferson, 1800–1816Guía de estudio 9-1:
Los republicanos toman el poderGuía de estudio 9-2: La compra de
LouisianaGuía de estudio 9-3: Una época de conflictoGuía de estudio
9-4: La guerra de 1812
Capítulo 10: Crecimiento y expansión, 1790–1825Guía de estudio
10-1: Crecimiento económicoGuía de estudio 10-2: Rumbo al OesteGuía
de estudio 10-3: Unidad y seccionalismo
Capítulo 11: La era Jackson, 1824–1845Guía de estudio 11-1:
Democracia jacksonianaGuía de estudio 11-2: Conflictos por la
tierraGuía de estudio 11-3: Jackson y el banco
Capítulo 12: Destino manifiesto, 1818–1853Guía de estudio 12-1:
El país de OregónGuía de estudio 12-2: Independencia para TexasGuía
de estudio 12-3: Guerra con MéxicoGuía de estudio 12-4: Nuevos
colonos en California y Utah
Capítulo 13: El Norte y el Sur, 1820–1860Guía de estudio 13-1:
La economía del NorteGuía de estudio 13-2: La gente del NorteGuía
de estudio 13-3: El reino sureño del algodónGuía de estudio 13-4:
La gente del Sur
Capítulo 14: La era de la reforma, 1820–1860Guía de estudio
14-1: Reforma socialGuía de estudio 14-2: Los abolicionistasGuía de
estudio 14-3: El movimiento femenino
Capítulo 15: Caminono a la Guerra Civil, 1820–1861Guía de
estudio 15-1: La esclavitud y el OesteGuía de estudio 15-2: Una
nación divididaGuía de estudio 15-3: Retos para la esclavitudGuía
de estudio 15-4: Secesión y guerra
Capítulo 16: La Guerra de Independencia, 1861–1865Guía de
estudio 16-1: Los dos bandosGuía de estudio 16-2: Los primeros años
de la guerraGuía de estudio 16-3: Un llamado a la libertadGuía de
estudio 16-4: La vida durante la guerra civilGuía de estudio 16-5:
El camino a la victoria
Capítulo 17: La reconstrucción y sus consecuencias,
1865–1896Guía de estudio 17-1: Planes de reconstrucciónGuía de
estudio 17-2: Los radicales toman el controlGuía de estudio 17-3:
El Sur durante la reconstrucciónGuía de estudio 17-4: Cambio en el
Sur
Capítulo 18: La frontera occidental, 1858–1896Guía de estudio
18-1: El auge de la mineríaGuía de estudio 18-2: Rancheros y
agricultoresGuía de estudio 18-3: Luchas de los nativos
americanosGuía de estudio 18-4: Protesta de los agricultores
Capítulo 19: El crecimiento de la industria, 1865–1914Guía de
estudio 19-1: Los ferrocarriles enseñan el caminoGuía de estudio
19-2: InventosGuía de estudio 19-3: Una era de grandes negociosGuía
de estudio 19-4: Trabajadores industriales
Capítulo 20: Hacia una América urbana, 1865–1914Guía de estudio
20-1: Los nuevos inmigrantesGuía de estudio 20-2: Mudarse a la
ciudadGuía de estudio 20-3: Una cultura cambiante
Capítulo 21: Reformas progresistas, 1877–1920Guía de estudio
21-1: El movimiento progresistaGuía de estudio 21-2: Las mujeres y
los progresistasGuía de estudio 21-3: Los presidentes
progresistasGuía de estudio 21-4: Los excluidos de la reforma
Capítulo 22: Expansión extranjera, 1865–1917Guía de estudio
22-1: Expansión de horizontesGuía de estudio 22-2: Imperialismo en
el PacíficoGuía de estudio 22-3: Guerra hispana-estadounidenseGuía
de estudio 22-4: Políticas latinoamericanas
Capítulo 23: La Primera Guerra Mundial, 1914–1919Guía de estudio
23-1: Guerra en EuropaGuía de estudio 23-2: El camino de Estados
Unidos hacia la guerraGuía de estudio 23-3: Los estadounidenses se
unen a los aliadosGuía de estudio 23-4: La guerra en casaGuía de
estudio 23-5: En busca de la paz
Capítulo 24: La época del jazz, 1919–1929Guía de estudio 24-1:
Tiempo de caosGuía de estudio 24-2: Deseo de normalidadGuía de
estudio 24-3: Un auge de la economíaGuía de estudio 24-4: Los
clamorosos años veinte
Capítulo 25: La Depresión y FDR, 1929–1941Guía de estudio 25-1:
La Gran DepresiónGuía de estudio 25-2: El Nuevo Trato de
RooseveltGuía de estudio 25-3: La vida durante la DepresiónGuía de
estudio 25-4: Efectos del Nuevo Trato
Capítulo 26: La Segunda Guerra Mundial, 1939–1945Guía de estudio
26-1: El camino hacia la guerraGuía de estudio 26-2: La guerra
empiezaGuía de estudio 26-3: En el frente nacionalGuía de estudio
26-4: Guerra en Europa y ÁfricaGuía de estudio 26-5: Guerra en el
Pacífico
Capítulo 27: La Guerra Fría, 1945–1954Guía de estudio 27-1:
Orígenes de la Guerra FríaGuía de estudio 27-2: Política de
posguerraGuía de estudio 27-3: La Guerra de CoreaGuía de estudio
27-4: La amenaza roja
Capítulo 28: Estados Unidos en la década de 1950, 1953–1960Guía
de estudio 28-1: Eisenhower en la Casa BlancaGuía de estudio 28-2:
Prosperidad en los años cincuentaGuía de estudio 28-3: Problemas en
tiempos de abundancia
Capítulo 29: La era de los derechos civiles, 1954–1973Guía de
estudio 29-1: El movimiento de los derechos civilesGuía de estudio
29-2: Kennedy y JohnsonGuía de estudio 29-3: La lucha continúaGuía
de estudio 29-4: Otros grupos buscan derechos
Capítulo 30: La era de Vietnam, 1960–1975Guía de estudio 30-1:
Política extranjera de KennedyGuía de estudio 30-2: Guerra en
VietnamGuía de estudio 30-3: Los años de Vietnam en casaGuía de
estudio 30-4: Nixon y Vietnam
Capítulo 31: En busca de estabilidad, 1968–1981UnGuía de estudio
31-1: Política extranjera de NixontitledGuía de estudio 31-2: Nixon
y WatergateGuía de estudio 31-3: La presidencia de Carter
Capítulo 32: Nuevos retos, 1981–PresenteGuía de estudio 32-1: La
presidencia de ReaganGuía de estudio 32-2: La presidencia de
BushGuía de estudio 32-3: Un nuevo sigloGuía de estudio 32-4: La
guerra contra el terrorismo
Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student
EditionObjectives Addressed in the ActivitiesWorkbook
OverviewPreparing for a Standardized TestActivity 1: Arranging
Events in Sequential OrderActivity 2: Interpreting Charts and
TablesActivity 3: Using Bar Graphs to Interpret DataActivity 4:
Using the Scale of Distance on a MapActivity 5: Distinguishing
Between Fact and NonfactActivity 6: Descriptive Writing About a
VisualActivity 7: Comparing and ContrastingActivity 8: Making
InferencesActivity 9: Drawing ConclusionsActivity 10: Interpreting
DiagramsActivity 11: Perceiving Cause-and-Effect
RelationshipsActivity 12: Outlining Information for WritingActivity
13: Classifying Facts and DetailsActivity 14: Recognizing Point of
ViewActivity 15: Detecting BiasActivity 16: Evaluating the
Consequences of DecisionsActivity 17: Identifying the Main
IdeaActivity 18: Predicting OutcomesActivity 19: Analyzing a
Political CartoonActivity 20: Analyzing StatisticsActivity 21:
Persuasive Writing About an IssueActivity 22: Interpreting Primary
SourcesActivity 23: Recognizing Forms of PropagandaActivity 24:
Forming HypothesesActivity 25: Identifying and Evaluating
EvidenceActivity 26: Making DecisionsActivity 27: Writing a News
StoryActivity 28: Interpreting GraphsActivity 29: Making
GeneralizationsActivity 30: Writing to Inform an AudienceActivity
31: Developing a Process to Solve a ProblemActivity 32:
Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials
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