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SYMBOL MEANING Example

T Tense She studied at UTS next year.

VF Verb form We like go to the library.

VA Sub/Verb Agreement

He like listening to music.

A/P Active/passive The Uni built in 1985.

N Singular/plural(un)countable

He lived in NZ for two year. She makes a lot of moneys.

Prep. Preposition He lived at Australia for 2 years.

WW Wrong word I like hearing to music.

WF Word form The produce of sugar is complex.

A Article I like going to library.

WO Word order I enjoy to listening music.

Sp Spelling Paragraphs have seperate main ideas.

P Punctuation I like music, she likes reading books.

X Unnecessary word My friend she is from America.

ICS Incomplete sentence

Because it is very hot.

Good

Features of a good paragraph?

Unity

Coherence/cohesion

Variety

Three-part structure

Academic stylistic features?

Tentative statements

Full forms of words

Nominalization

Impersonal writing style

Direct/Indirect questions

Formal negative forms

Clichs, redundant words and colloquialisms

1. The researcher has churned out many articles recently.

Published/produced

2. I have included a section on methodology in Appendix.

Details of the research methodology are to be found in appendix 3.

3. This is the most unique approach to the problem of obesity.

A unique approach

4. The teacher demonstrated some of the various ways and methods for cutting words from my essay that I had written for class.

The teacher demonstrated methods for cutting words from my essay.

5. For all intents and purposes, American industrial productivity generally depends on certain factors that are really more psychological in kind than of any given technological aspect.

American industrial productivity depends more on psychological than on technological factors.

Problem & solution

Cause & effect

Process

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Cause & effect

Problem & solution

Categorization

Process

Underline useful phrases/expressions as you read the passage

Task 6/p.114

Causes Effects

Since + cl,

As + cl,

Because + cl,

Because of + NP,

As a result of + NP,

Due to + NP,

Owing to + NP,

Thanks to + NP,

On account of + NP,

A is the (main) cause of B

A is the (key) reason for B

One possible reason why _ is _

Consequently,

As a consequence,

As a result,

Thus,

Hence,

Therefore,

For this reason,

Accordingly,

___, so ___

A results in/ leads to/ causes/ contributes to/ plays a part in/ affects/ has an effect on B

One possible result is __

The emerging problem is

The question remains whether it is possible toas to how

Little progress has been made in

There remains the issue of

Researchers/experts/practitioners have to find a way to / are concerned about

To address this problem, researchers/teachers have been implementing an interesting solution.

One approach to this problem involves (+V-ing/ NP)

Solutions to this problem are now widely discussed. One remedy is to

One method to address this difficulty is to

There are (3) possible ways of handling this problem. The first approach/ The second approach

Several options are available to address this obstacle. However, the best one seems to be

A radically different design/model of can overcome this limitation.

Researchers have made significant progress in overcoming this difficulty by

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1. X may be divided

into 3 (main/ basic) classes/ groups/ categories,

including/namely Xi, Xii, and Xiii.

2. X can be classified,

on the basis of /according to /in terms of /with regards to /

Y, into Xi, Xii, and Xiii.

3. X (plural) fall under three headings: Xi, Xii, and Xiiifit into the following categories: Xi, Xii and Xiii

4. There are two (broad) categories of X, which are Xi and Xii.

To begin with, First, / First of all, The first step/stage is (Noun phrase/ V-ing / to inf) The whole process begins/ starts with (N.P. / V-ing)

Secondly, / Thirdly, The second / third step is Next, / The next step is/ Subsequently, Then, / After that,/ Afterwards,/ Following this, At the same time,/Concurrently,/ Simultaneously, After (N. P.) follows/comes (N.P.) This stage/step is followed by (N.P./ V-ing)

The final/last step to take is Finally, / Lastly, The process ends with (N.P./ V-ing)

1. Mid-position adverbs

Task 2/p.106

2. ing Clauses to indicate Cause & Effect

Task 8/p.117

3. Participles

Task 13/p.127

4. Indirect questions

Task 18/p.134

1. The oil skimmed from the surface with a boom is pumped into a tank for recycling.

2. Banana trees infected with crunchy top virus initially produce deformed fruit and eventually yield no fruit at all.

3. After being cut to size and inspected for imperfections, the glass is heated to over 600C and then cooled in a step called quenching.

4. A leg vessel is grafted to the aorta and the coronary artery beyond the narrow area, allowing blood to flow to the heart muscle.

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Objectives

Instruments/tools

Subjects/Participants

Procedure

Task 19/ p.136

Write an Introduction section (approx. 500 words) about a topic of your own interest. Include background information, problem identification, and research objectives.

Next lesson Writing summaries

http://iteslj.org/Articles/

http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/issue/current

http://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/main.htm

http://americanenglish.state.gov/english-teaching-forum

http://www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/ijelt/issue/current

http://pops.uclan.ac.uk/index.php/jsltr/issue/current