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TECHNICAL WRITING vs. ACADEMIC WRITING. TYPES of WRITING. PERSONAL ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL. PERSONAL WRITING. Purpose/Objective : to entertain to inform Evaluation : desired emotional response informed. PERSONAL WRITING. Graphics : emoticons text-messaging lingo Formats : e-mail - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1
TECHNICAL WRITING
vs.
ACADEMIC WRITING
TYPES of WRITING
1. PERSONAL
2. ACADEMIC
3. PROFESSIONAL
3
PERSONAL WRITINGo Purpose/Objective:
to entertain to inform
o Evaluation: desired emotional response informed
4
PERSONAL WRITINGo Graphics:
emoticons text-messaging lingo
o Formats: e-mail letters journals text messages
5
PERSONAL WRITINGo Audience:
equal knowledge friends colleagues
o Informality
6
TECHNICAL WRITING
vs.
ACADEMIC WRITING
*AUDIENCES*Specific Audiences
o bosso supervisor o teamo committeeo politicianso bank officerso general public
General Audienceo generic readero teachero perhaps fellow
students
AWTW
*AUDIENCES*1 Document = Many Readers:
(Many Readers = Many Needs)
o “food chain”o boss, supervisor o teamo engineerso workerso politicians o bank officerso general public
1 Document = 1 Reader:(1 Reader = 1 Need)
o teacher
TW AW
PURPOSESo Purpose =o Writing Situationo Objectiveo Why was the document written?
PURPOSESSituation-Oriented
o see a need — o address a needo internal motivationo professional
motivationo outcome-oriented:
to get something accomplished
Assignment-Orientedo passive (vs. active)o given a topic, testo given an
assignmento external motivationo scholastic
motivationo grade-oriented
grade, g.p.a., degree
TW AW
EVALUATION CRITERIASuccess
o satisfaction of the needs of all readers
o something was done
o informedo persuaded
Successo correct answero right informationo unity, coherenceo support, detailo grammar
AWTW
APPLICATIONSReal-World Applicationso case studieso illustrative
scenarioso operations
managemento for a jobo for a raise or
promotiono for a bid practical
College Applicationo “academic” writingo essayso essay examso for academicso for gradeo for degreeo “show what you
know”
demonstrativeTW AW
DISCIPLINESAcross Disciplines
o “interdisciplinary”o computer scienceso psychologyo mixture of:
history math science technology
Single Disciplineo “discipline-specific”
literary data for an English paper
historical information on a history paper
psychological ideas on a psychology test
o rarely a mixture
TW AW
*PAGE DESIGN*o Paragraphs
6-10 lines vary lengths for visual
o White Spaceo Columnso Headingso Listso Graphicso Varying Fontso Use of Coloro Relative Spacingo Relative Marginso Relative Justification
o Paragraphs Minimum of 3-5
sentences No maximum length
o NO White Space Columns Headings Lists Graphics Varying Fonts Use of Color
o Double Spacingo Equal Marginso Left Justification
TW AW
COMPONENTSOral, Visual, Written
o produce documentso present documentso write to be read o write to be seen o write to be heard
Written o infrequent oral and
visual componentso predominant
written componento write to be read
by teacher
o write to be gradedo not to be seen or
heard
TW AW
GRAPHICSo tableso chartso graphso diagramso photographso mapso blue prints
o uncommon o photographs
TW AW
FORMATSo memoso e-mailso letterso cover letters o resumes o proposalso manuals o portfolioo abstractso reports
formal informal
o essay questionso essays based on the
rhetorical strategies Description Narration Illustration Process-Analysis Division-Classification Comparison-Contrast Definition Cause-Effect Pro-Con Argument
TW AW
GRAMMARGrammar-less
o visual-orientedo grammar = less
importanto fragments =
permissibleo active voiceo descriptive writingo concise sentenceso spelling!o proofread!
Grammar-fullo written-orientedo grammar = keyo sentence errors =
avoidedo active voiceo descriptive writingo concise sentenceso spelling!o proofread!
TW AW
19
CONCLUSIONSo Technical Communication:
Practicality in the employment world Real-World application
o Academic Writing: Demonstration of knowledge Limited to academia
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CONCLUSIONSo Technical Communication:
By an informed writer Conveying necessary information Both visually & verbally To a lesser-informed reader
(writer = teacher)
o Academic Writing: By a student-learner for an expert reader
21
CONCLUSIONSo Technical Communication:
Read by many, To satisfy the needs of many
o Academic Writing: Read by one, To appease the criteria of one
22
CONCLUSIONSo Technical Communication:
“Information Retrieval” organization & format = designed to help readers quickly & easily locate
information
o Academic Writing: “Information Retrieval”
little concern beyond a logical organization
23
CONCLUSIONSo Technical Communication:
Public Speaking component — formal conference speeches informal meeting speeches
o Academic Writing: Limited Public Speaking opportunities
conferences or rare class projects Public Speaking courses
24
DEFINITIONTechnical Communication:
o Encompasses a wide range o of writing and speaking
responsibilitieso required to communicate your ideaso on the job.
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SIMILARITIESo Grammar:
active voice descriptive writing concise sentences spelling! proofread!
27
SIMILARITIESo Writing as a Process:
Planning Drafting Revising
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
writing: process & product
o HEURISTIC: process reader-focused how-to analyze-and-
compose process
o PRESCRIPTIVE: product writer-focused models/forms of
writing
writing: producto Prescriptive/
regulatoryo teach from modelso Rhetorical/abstract
strategieso writer-focused
TW AW
29
ACADEMIC WRITINGo Purpose/Objective:
to demonstrate knowledge
to “show what you know”
o Audience: superior knowledge teachers, perhaps
peer editors
o Evaluation: correct information unity, coherence, depth, clarity,
grammar
o Graphics: limited to explain or
persuade/convince
30
ACADEMIC WRITINGo Formats:
Description Narration Illustration Process-Analysis Division-
Classification
(Rhetorical Strategies or Writing Models)
Comparison-Contrast Definition Cause-Effect Pro-Con Argument-
Persuasion
31
TECHNICAL WRITINGo Purpose/Objective:
to entertain to inform
o Audience: equal knowledge friends, colleagues
o Evaluation: desired emotional
response informed
o Graphics: emoticons text-messaging lingo
o Formats: e-mail letters journals text messages