Academic WritingLesson 11

June 5, 2013Lynn Mallory

Learning Targets

To analyze a results section of a research paper and give advice to the author.

To compare verb tenses in the results and discussion sections.

To apply what we have learned to the results section of your research paper.

Review – Parts of the Results

All results should have

Some need Especially if you are

Review – Parts of the Result

Analyze this results section.

The paired samples t-test has been displayed in Table 1. In Table 1(a), the mean score for the TDL group and for the SDL group is about 14.68 and 17.95 respectively. This shows that mean score of SDL group is more than that of TDL which proves better performance of the self-directed learners of the study over teacher-directed learners, but these differences in these two groups are not significantly noticeable and meaningful to result in complete superiority of SDL over TDL. So it needs to compare the means through the Independent Samples t-test. In Table 1 (b), the Independent Samples T-Test reveals a statistically reliable difference between the mean score of TDL that has Mean=14.68, SD=1.33 and SDL has Mean=17.95, SD=1.38, t(90)=11.53, P=0.00, α=0.05.

P<0.05 → The null hypothesis is rejected. Figure1, also, points that there is a significant difference

between the mean score of TDL and SDR, and after treatment students in experimental group performed better that proves superiority of SDL over TDL strategies.

http://www.ijser.org/onlineResearchPaperViewer.aspx?The-Impact-of-Self-directed-Learning-Strategies-on-Reading-Comprehension.pdf

Results vs. Discussion

Results ◦Only give data◦No claims or opinions◦Wording should be neutral◦What you point out here should be discussed

thoroughly laterDiscussion

◦Claims◦Surprising results◦Explanation◦Comparisons

Analyzing a Discussion section

Go to Week 4 on the website (last Thursday)

Click on Peer Review ArticleRead the Discussion section (pgs. 7-9)What do you notice about this discussion

section? Be ready to give 2 observations.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Symbol_split_discussion.svg/371px-Symbol_split_discussion.svg.png

Break Time

Results – What verb tenses do I use?

Review of purpose – past tense (what we DID)

Additional background – present (facts)

Location and description of your table – present (Fig 1 shows) or (the x axis is…)

Results – past tense (what you discovered)

Discussion – What verb tenses do I use?

Claim – present tense (your opinion)

Unexpected results – past tense if it is something that happened during the experiment, present if it is data.

Comparison – present tense

Find the verbs.

The paired samples t-test has been displayed in Table 1. In Table 1(a), the mean score for the TDL group and for the SDL group is about 14.68 and 17.95 respectively. This shows that mean score of SDL group is more than that of TDL which proves better performance of the self-directed learners of the study over teacher-directed learners, but these differences in these two groups are not significantly noticeable and meaningful to result in complete superiority of SDL over TDL. So it needs to compare the means through the Independent Samples t-test. In Table 1 (b), the Independent Samples T-Test reveals a statistically reliable difference between the mean score of TDL that has Mean=14.68, SD=1.33 and SDL has Mean=17.95, SD=1.38, t(90)=11.53, P=0.00, α=0.05.

P<0.05 → The null hypothesis is rejected. Figure1, also, points that there is a significant difference

between the mean score of TDL and SDR, and after treatment students in experimental group performed better that proves superiority of SDL over TDL strategies.

http://www.ijser.org/onlineResearchPaperViewer.aspx?The-Impact-of-Self-directed-Learning-Strategies-on-Reading-Comprehension.pdf

Writing Time