Abstracts Book, 4th World Conference On Business ... Abstracts Book.pdf · Abstracts Book, 4th World Conference On Business, Economics And Management, (BEM-2015), 30 April – 02

Abstracts Book, 4th World Conference On Business, Economics And Management, (BEM-2015), 30 April – 02 May 2015, Efes Surmeli Hotel Convention Center, Ephesus, Aydın – Turkey

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4TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

(BEM-2015)

30 April-02 May 2015, Efes Sürmeli Hotel, Kuşadası,

İzmir, Turkey

DRAFT ABSTRACTS BOOK

Organization Association for Human, Science, Nature, Education and Technology

Academic World Education and Research Center - A non-profit international organization www.awer-center.org


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Presidents Prof. Dr. Çetin Bektaş, Gaziosmanpasa University, Turkey

Organizing Committee Prof. Dr. Andreea Iluzia Iacob, Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania Assist. Prof. Dr. Aslıhan Tüfekçi, Gazi University, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Fatma Ulucan Özkul, Bahcesehir University, Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Bora Şenyiğit, Zirve University, Turkey Dr. Andreea Claudia Serban, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania Dr. Nikzad Manteghi, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran Naziyet Uzunboylu, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Coordinator Nuran Cemal [email protected]


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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. Dr. A. Suut Dogruel Marmara University Turkey Prof. Dr. Abdülkadir Buluş Selcuk University Turkey Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hamdi Aydin Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Turkey Prof. Dr. Andreea Iluzia Iacob Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies Romania Prof. Dr. Anton Sorin Gabriel Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Romania Prof. Dr. Atılhan Naktiyok Atatürk University Turkey Prof. Dr. Ayşe Can Baysal Istanbul Kultur University Turkey Prof. Dr. Aysu Insel Marmara University Turkey Prof. Dr. Azmi Yalçin Çukurova University Turkey Prof. Dr. Bekir Kemal Ataman Giresun University Turkey Prof. Dr. Benan Orbay Doğuş University Turkey Prof. Dr. Canan Madran Çukurova University Turkey Prof. Dr. Cengiz Erol Izmir Economy University Turkey Prof. Dr. Enar A. Tunç Okan University Turkey Prof. Dr. Ercan Eren Yildiz Teknik University Turkey Prof. Dr. Erhan Ada Izmir Economy University Turkey Prof. Dr. Erol Çakmak Atatürk University Turkey Prof. Dr. Fatma Demirci Orel Çukurova University Turkey Prof. Dr. Fatma Dogruel Marmara University Turkey Prof. Dr. Foued Khlifi Higher Institute of Management Gabès Tunisia Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Ciccarone Roma Sapienza University Italy Prof. Dr. Gratiela Boca North University of Baia Mare Romania Prof. Dr. Gulzhanat Tayauova Almaty Management University Kazakistan Prof. Dr. Gunes N. Zeytinoglu Anadolu University Turkey Prof. Dr. Hatice Doğukanlı Çukurova University Turkey Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Araslı Eastern Mediterranean University North Cyprus Prof. Dr. Mahir Fisunoğlu Çukurova University Turkey Prof. Dr. Mehmet Tanyaş Maltepe University Turkey Prof. Dr. Muharrem Varol İstanbul Gelisim University Turkey Prof. Dr. Münir Şakrak Marmara University Turkey Prof. Dr. Murat Kasimoglu Turizm University Turkey Prof. Dr. Mustafa Özer Anadolu University Turkey Prof. Dr. Nabsiah Abdul Wahid University of Sains Malaysi Malaysia Prof. Dr. Nevin Coşar Yildiz Teknik University Turkey Prof. Dr. Nick Rumens Middlesex University, London UK Prof. Dr. Önder Barli Atatürk University Turkey Prof. Dr. Rezan Tatlıdil Ege University Turkey Prof. Dr. Salih Barişik Gaziosmanpasa University Turkey Prof. Dr. Seval Kardeş Selimoğlu Anadolu University Turkey Prof. Dr. Sevgi A. Öztürk Anadolu University Turkey Prof. Dr. Suat Teker Istanbul Technical University Turkey Prof. Dr. Tiberiu Socaciu University of Suceava Romania Prof. Dr. Turhan Korkmaz Zonguldak Karaelmas University Turkey Prof. Dr. Yakup Selvi Istanbul Universitesi Turkey Prof. Dr. Yusuf Bayraktutan Kocaeli University Turkey


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ABSTRACTS ELEMENTS OF SPECIFICITY OF THE PUBLIC INTERNAL

CONTROL SYSTEM

Ani Matei, National School of Political Science and Public Administration, Romania Gaițã Camelia, National School of Political Science and Public Administration, Romania Abstract

Starting from the assumption of establishing a model characteristic for the public internal control, the paper itself is a research of what public internal control means, as it is currently applied in European Union countries, control system mainly used for domestic fund management in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and economy. The study addresses issues related to the model of this control in Romania, respectively what are the components of the internal control environment and the elements that define this concept. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the internal control structure in European Union countries, be it states: with a federal organization; unitary states or former communist countries; in order to identify how the form of state organization or age of democracy, determines the public internal control model. The conclusions of the research are presented at the end of the paper. The research methodology is based on the comparative study and analysis of information provided by the specialized sites. Keywords: audit, management responsibility, budget, accounting system

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ani Matei, National School of Political Science and Public Administration E-mail address: [email protected]


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AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE SKILL INTENSITY

OF HOST COUNTRY EMPLOYMENT

Merita Zulfiu Alili,Public Administration and Political Sciences, South East European University Abstract It has been argued that the effects of inward FDI on skill upgrading and wage inequality depend on the outcome of specialisation according to comparative advantages. However, predicting the overall impact of FDI on wage inequality is complex depending on country specific effects, namely how large are differences in skilled and unskilled wages and the skill intensity of employment in foreign-owned firms compared to domestic ones, as well as the relative size of employment in domestic and foreign-owned firms (Zulfiu-Alili, 2014). Hence, the effect of foreign ownership on relative wages and skill intensity will vary between sectors, across countries and over time. The effect of FDI on the skill intensity of employment in transition economies is analysed using the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) undertaken in three waves 2002, 2005 and 2009. The question to be addressed is whether foreign-owned firms employ a more educated and skilled workforce in comparison to domestic-owned firms. These data have two dimensions, a pooled cross-section of firms randomly selected in each wave and a panel dimension of firms that participated in the survey in all three waves. Tobit and Craggit Models are estimated for both pooled cross-section and panel data. Results suggest that foreign-owned firms have a better-educated labour force but have a lower share of skilled and unskilled employees compared to domestic firms.

Keywords: foreign, ownership, domestic, owned

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Merita Zulfiu Alili, Public Administration and Political Sciences South East European University E-mail address: [email protected]


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MODELING THE GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Larisa Ivascu, Timisoara, Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Departament of Management, 14 Remus Street, 300551 Timisoara, Romania

Marian Mocan, Timisoara, Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Departament of Management, 14 Remus Street, 300551 Timisoara, Romania

Anca Draghici, Timisoara, Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Departament of Management, 14 Remus Street, 300551 Timisoara, Romania

Attila Turi, Timisoara, Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Departament of Management, 14 Remus Street, 300551 Timisoara, Romania

Simona Rus, Timisoara, Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Departament of Management, 14 Remus Street, 300551 Timisoara, Romania

Abstract

Sustainable development (SD) requires companies to take into account both the social and environmental consequences within their activities. This paper presents research about green supply chain management and highlights the differences between green supply chain and traditional supply chain management. Then, the paper analyses the sources of the risk in green supply chain according to the SD. Sustainable development has gained much attention in recent years as a "challenge" for all businesses. Finally, paper makes a modeling of the green supply chain in the context of SD and presents an interface tool for risk assessment in the green supply chain.

Keywords:Green suppsy chain, traditional supply chain,sustainable development,risk management,risk

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Larisa Ivascu, Timisoara, Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Departament of Management, 14 Remus Street, 300551 Timisoara, Romania

E-mail address: [email protected]


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UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT: FROM SUCCESSFUL CORPORATE CULTURE TO EFFECTIVE UNIVERSITY

BRANDING Nailya G. Bagautdinova,Kazan Federal University, 4, Butlerov st., Kazan, 420012, Russia Yuliya N. Gorelova, Kazan Federal University, 4, Butlerov st., Kazan, 420012, Russia Oksana V. Polyakova,Kazan Federal University, 4, Butlerov st., Kazan, 420012, Russia

Abstract

The main objective of the article is to define a framework that could be used as a tool to evaluate the state of the corporate culture at HEI (Higher Educational Institution) after reorganization. This procedure helps to overcome some distinct problems and to avoid pitfalls that follow the merger. The paper provides a rationale to prove corporate culture as an effective tool to improve management and to enhance performance of the University. The case study of Kazan Federal University highlights essential elements of academic culture necessary for sustainable development of the organization. The research establishes the connection between the academic culture and corporate visual identity of HEI; highlights the need to interweave external brand promises with internal branding efforts as the brand message will lose its credibility if it is not supported by the employees within the organization. The study emphasizes the link between the choice of potential consumers evaluating a complex intangible offering of the university and the degree to which people within organization use the university brand value in their everyday work.

Keywords: mission; environment; strategy; corporate culture; academic culture; corporate visual identity; internal branding efforts communication model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Nailya G. Bagautdinova,Kazan Federal University, 4, Butlerov st, Kazan, 420012, Russi E-mail address: [email protected]


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MARKET GROWTH VS. ECONOMIC GROWTH

Sami N. M. Abushammala, University College of Applied Sciences (UCAS), Gaza, Palestine. Tariq Tawfeeq Y. Alabdullah, College of Administration and Economics, Accounting

Department,University of Basrah, Iraq Essia Ries Ahmed, School of Business Innovation & Technopreneurship Universiti Malaysia Perlis Moayad Mohammad A. Alfadhl, College of Business Administration, Accounting Department, Mutah

University, Jordan

Abstract

The present study aims to test the causal relationship between the economic growth and the market growth in three different countries: the USA, Malaysia and Jordan for the period from 1994 to 2010. The results showed that the growth of market returns in Jordan does not affect the economic growth and vice versa. However, the growth of market returns in Malaysia has an influence on the economic growth, but not vice versa. The USA results, in contrast, showed that the growth of market returns affects the economic growth and vice versa. Keywords:market growth, economic growth, market return, GDP, causality test ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Sami N. M. Abushammala, University College of Applied Sciences

(UCAS), Gaza, Palestine E-mail address:[email protected].


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CREDIT DERIVATIVES: WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT MATTERS TO AVOID THE CREDIT EXPOSURES?

Walaa Ismael Alnassar, College of Graduate Studies,Tenaga Nasional University, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

Othman Bin Chin, Finance & Economics, College of Business & Accounting,Universiti, Tenaga Nasional,26700 Muadzam Shah,Pahang Darul Makmur

Abstract Credit derivatives CDs have been increasingly acknowledged as an important requirement to hedge and transfer credit risk CR. Nonetheless, they have been extensively criticized for destabilizing the whole economic system bringing about the latest subprime credit crisis. The study’s main aim is to look into the reasons for the use of CDs, whether it is used for hedging or trade purpose, for four of the US international financial institutions that had made it through the 2007 crisis to resume functioning post-crisis. This will be for three different and critical periods, namely the pre, during and after crisis periods (Q1, 2000-Q1, 2014). Adopting the SUR technique, the investigation of the factors that influence the net position of CDs as to achieve the main purpose is made possible. It has been found that the use of CDs is inconsistent with the predictions of theories of risk management to this day. The implication is that most derivatives positions are held for dealer activities rather than for loan hedging. Reflecting that financial institutions also resort to using CDs for trading and speculation, this provides an indication for a risk-taking motive. Entities that have a better position in regard of their size, capital and net interest margin make greater use of Keywords: CDs, Size, Costs of Financial Distress, Business Opportunities, Exposure to ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Walaa Ismael Alnassar, College of Graduate Studies,Tenaga Nasional University, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia



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THE DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN THE MENA AREA

Wafa Garali, Economic Sciences and Management University, Nabeul, Tunisia Saoussen Othmani, Economic Sciences and Management University, Nabeul, Tunisia Abstract

The degree of International financial integration has considerably increased over the last two decades and has become a topical area of research. This study aims to offer some insight into understanding this phenomen in the MENA area. Several explanations are considered and discussed such as trade openness, the level of development, the financial market development, the economic growth , the inflation rate, fluctuations in the exchange rate, the Financial crisis of 2008 and the tax policy. Overall, the results provide strong evidence in support of our choice of drivers of international financial integration. Keywords: International financial integration, External debt, portfolio investment, foreign direct investment, MENA region ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Wafa Garali, Economic Sciences and Management University, Nabeul, Tunisia E-mail address: [email protected]


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ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF TREATING CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

Ghazal Shahpari, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran Alimohammad Ahmadi, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran Abstract Governments, social security funds and insurance companies are health care funders, which are struggling to meet their rising costs. Because budgets are never large enough, health managers decide which of several courses of action to follow. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to investigate which type of treatments that are known for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, which is epidemic in the Middle East, is the most efficient. Among different types of Leishmaniasis treatment, we selected these three methods: Glucantime, which is the common treatment, Photo Dynamic Therapy and treating by Cantharidin. Cantharidin is a product, which is extracted by the Spanish fly. By means of economic evaluations, we found that as Spanish fly is available in most Jungles, and also because it is the fastest way, this blister technique is the most efficient method. Therefore, if the governments want not to waste time and budget on curing these diseases, it is essential to apply this method of treatment. Keywords: Health Economics, Economic Evaluations, Cutaneous ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ghazal Shahpari, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran E-mail address: [email protected]


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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CSR AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE:

NEW APPROACH, NEW EVIDENCE

Jean-Michel Sahut, Professor of Finance, HEG Geneva& CEREGE – University of Poitiers Medhi Mili,Finance, MODESFI - University of Sfax& CEREGE – University of Poitiers Sana Ben Tekaya, ISG- Sousse Abstract This paper studies the relationships and interactions between governance, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance of firms. We use the Partial Least Square (PLS) method to identify these relationships. We applied the Partial Least Square- Path Modeling (PLS-PM) to identify these interactions, which is a statistical approach for analyzing complex multivariable relationships (structural equation models) among observed and latent variables. Using a sample of 486 large Europeans firms and US during the 2002-2011. We find a positive impact of corporate governance and financial variables on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Also, we find that the adoption of CSR principles increases the financial performance of the firm (accounting measure and stock market performance). Keywords:Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), corporate governance, firm performance, Partial Least Square- Path Modeling (PLS-PM). ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jean-Michel Sahut, Professor of Finance, HEG Geneva& CEREGE – University of Poitiers E-mail address: [email protected]


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THE PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL FAILURE PREDICTION MODELS IN MINORITY DATA

Jeeranun Khermkhan, Management Science,KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002,

Thailand SurachaiChancharat, Economics, Faculty of Management Science,KhonKaen University

Abstract

The biggest problem for enterprises in Thailand remains financial failure. There are many enterprises can’t operate because financial problem. The mostly financial problems of SMEs depend on lack of entrepreneurship experience and lack of ready to manage. This problem effects to high opportunity financial failure of businesses. Therefore, the entrepreneurship should have models to predict the failure of our businesses. The purpose of this study were to construct prediction and monitoring model for the financial failure of the SMEs in Thailand and compare the performance of financial failure of logit, probit, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (C5.0). Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Experience, Lack, Ready, Manage ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:JeeranunKhermkhan,Management Science,KhonKaen University, KhonKaen 40002, Thailand E-mail address:[email protected]


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UNCOVERING THE ONLINE MARKETING MIX COMMUNICATION

FOR HEALTH CARE SERVICES

Victor Lorin Purcărea, ” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marketing, Medical Technology, Medical Informatics, Biostatistics, Bucharest, Romania

Iuliana-Raluca Gheorghe1, ” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marketing, Medical Technology, Medical Informatics, Biostatistics, Bucharest, Romania

Consuela-Madalina Gheorghe, ” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marketing, Medical Technolog Medical Informatics, Biostatistics, Bucharest, Romania

Abstract

Any marketplace, nowadays, is made out of a crowded environment of businesses which provide almost the same services. New organizations enter the market on a daily basis without knowing they will survive. The help for organizations to distinguish their services from the ones offered by their competition comes in the shape of one “P”, Communication is the most visible and audible component of the marketing mix, which used wisely, may bring many advantages. Further, organizations include descriptive elements in their communication messages such as the nature of their activities, the benefits consumers would have and other elements which help consumers “tangibilize” the services provided. Many businesses moved from the offline environment to the online, becoming more consumer oriented. For an organization to both succeed and survive, it is essential to find the balance, the ideal mix between the services it offers in the real world and its online communications. For example, in health care services consumers are “hooked” by traditional communication tools, experience the service and afterwards use the internet to deliver indirect feedback on their lived experiences. The aim of this paper is to shed light upon the online marketing communications mix applied in health care services. Keywords: health care marketing; integrated marketing communications; marketing health care

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Victor Lorin Purcărea, ” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marketing, Medical Technology, Medical Informatics, Biostatistics, Bucharest, Romania E-mail address: [email protected]


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ISLAMIC BANKING VERSUS CONVENTIONAL BANKING, DURING THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: BAHRAIN AS A

CASE Mahmoud Khalid Almsafir, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (Uniten), Selangor, Malaysia Gip Soong Wing Kim, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (Uniten)Selangor, Malaysia Ayman Abdalmajeed Alsmadi, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (Uniten)Selangor, Malaysia Abstract In the economy of a country, banks are the most prominence or influential sector in a country's economy, which means they play a vital role in the economical growth. When global financial crisis hit, many company and corporation from different sectors are greatly affected and banks are one of the key player that cause the financial crisis. Nevertheless, the banks are also affected by the financial crisis, but vary according to its type of banking which is either Islamic banking or conventional banking. In turn, the main objective of this research is to study the performance of both Islamic and Conventional banking when crisis happen. To study the performance of these banks, there are several performance indicator to evaluate the banks performance that is profitability, operational efficiencies, liquidity and business growth with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software to analyze the quantitative data collected from annual report of selected Islamic and conventional banks which stretch from 2005 to 2013 in Bahrain. The outcome of the analysis may vary due to the differences between Islamic banking operation and conventional banking operation. Islamic banking may perform better than conventional banking during the crisis, but in the long run conventional banking may perform better than Islamic banking due to its size of business.

Keywords: Islamic banking, Conventional banking, Bahrain, Global financial crisis

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mahmoud Khalid Almsafir, Universitiy Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor, Malaysia

E-mail address:[email protected]


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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRIVATE CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE IN LATVIA

Irina Arhipova,Latvia Univesity of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia Liga Paura,Latvia Univesity of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia

Abstract The matter of the territories’ facilitation development in Latvia’s regional economics is significant under the EU conditions. In order to compare the regional economic development level it is suggested to use the relation between consumer income growth and changes in expenditures on food and non-alcoholic beverages. The average income level of inhabitants in Riga region is higher than in other Latvian regions, which consequently demonstrates lower proportion of food expenditure in private consumption structure. The results of the analysis of covariance demonstrate that, first, Latvian regional level of economic development is significantly different from Latvia’s average development level and, second, there is still a gap among living conditions in Latvia’s regions. Keywords:regional development;private consumption structure;private income growth ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Irina Arhipova,Latvia Univesity of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia E-mail address: [email protected]


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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

ON TURKEY

Funda Yurdakul, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, 06500, Turkey Bengisu Uçar, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, 06500, Turkey

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between the current account deficit and economic growth in Turkey. For this purpose, Granger causality and VAR analyses were performed on the variables by using their quarter data for 1999:01 - 2014:02. Granger causality test revealed a unidirectional correlation from growth rate to current account deficit. As shown by the impulse-response functions obtained through VAR analysis, a shock of one standard deviation on the growth rate variable results in effect on the current account deficit variable. Furthermore, in the variance decomposition analysis, growth rate accounts for 53.25% of the prediction error variance for current account deficit during the tenth period, while the current account deficit variable itself accounts for the remaining 46.75% of the prediction error variance. Keywords: Granger Causality, VAR Analysis, Current Account Deficit, Economic Growth ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Funda Yurdakul, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, 06500, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected]


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HARMONIZATION OF WORK AND FAMILY LIFE IN COMPANY MANAGEMENT IN SLOVAKIA

Viera Sukalova, University of Žilina, F PEDAS, Department of Economy, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia

Pavel Ceniga, University of Žilina, F PEDAS, Department of Economy, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia Helena Janotova, University of Žilina, F PEDAS, Department of Economy, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Žilina,

Slovakia

Abstract

The modernproblemnowadaysbecomesinsufficient harmonization of workandfamily lifeof employees, whichhas adverseeffects on theconditionsof work, family lifeand society. The need toharmonizework and family lifeisstilltopical,given thetrends inEuropeansocial, economic, demographicandpolitical developments. Thesolutionsat the nationallevel should be implemented into corporate policy. Supportfamily lifeis becomingan important componentof corporate culture. The aim ofthis paper isto analyse various aspects of the problem, the possibilities of flexible work timeand their using in practice by harmonizationof work and familylifein Slovakia.

Keywords:Work time,family life, harmonization; flexibilty,social responsibilty

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Viera Sukalova, University of Žilina, F PEDAS, Department of Economy, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia E-mail address: [email protected]


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HOW ARE HRM PRACTICES TRANSFERRED IN MNCS? LITHUANIA CASE

Asta Savanevičienė, Economics and Business, Kaunas university of technology, K.Donelaicio str. 20, Kaunas LT-44239, Lithuania

Kristina Keršienė,Dr., HR Manager Lithuania and Talent Europe, Littelfuse, Savanorių 271 /Gaižiūnų g. 5b, KaunasLT-50131,Lithuania

Abstract

The focus of the paper is to explore different concepts of HRM transfer in multinational corporations (MNCs) while balancing between integration and differentiation, as well as assumptions for HRM practices application, while considering organizational cultural orientation and context influence on HRM transfer. Considering that the field of international HRM is evolving from a focus on convergence with one set of “best practices” to a focus on “national business systems”, our research will contribute to the understanding of how HRM practices are effectively transferred from MNCs to their subsidiaries in Lithuania and vice versa. Keywords: HRM transfer,multinational, corporation;Lithuaniai

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Asta Savanevičienė, Economics and Business, Kaunas university of technology, K.Donelaicio str. 20, Kaunas LT-44239, Lithuania E-mail address:[email protected]


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MARKETING KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DATE PALM FARMERS IN THE PROVINCES OF BABYLON AND NAJAF,

REPUBLIC OF IRAQ Laith Jaafar Hussein Hnoosh, University of Kufa, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O.Box (84)Kufa,Najaf-Kufa, Iraq Samira Nema Kamil Al-Thamir,Al-Kasim Green University, College of Food Science, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq

Abstract

The study aims to identify post-harvest process and marketing knowledge level of date palm farmers in the provinces of Babylon and Najaf, Republic of Iraq, and its relationship with some variables. It was used questionnaire to collect data from 192 farmers representing the sample of this research; percentages, frequency tables, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis, and (F) test, has been used as statistical data analysis. The results were as follows: Keywords: Agricultural Marketing; Post-Harvest; Knowledge Level; Date Palm Farmers; Babylon; Najaf; Iraq

ADRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Laith Jaafar Hussein Hnoosh, University of Kufa, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O.Box (84)Kufa,Najaf-Kufa, Iraq E-mail address: [email protected]


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INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES, ISSUERS’ INCENTIVES AND UNDERPRICING IN EMERGING MARKET :SOME EVIDENCE

FROM TUNISIAN IPO FIRMS

Salem Kanoun,Tunis Business Higher School, ESCT Manouba University, Tunisia Salma Taktak,Economics and Management, Higher Institute for Technological Studies, ISET Kasserine

Abstract

This paper examinesInitial Public Offerings (IPOs) that took place in an emerging market such as Tunisian Stock Exchange. On the basis of asample of 53 companies that went public during the period 1994 – 2013,research results show that underwriters, who are involved in the firm as shareholders or as group’ssubsidiaries i.e. self-marketed IPOs, are likely to exert a dominant influence on the offer and market prices, thereby reducing the cost of underpricing. Moreover, according to the principles of mental accounting, Tunisian IPO firms are willing to accept large underpricing when the perceived wealth gain is greater than the cost of underpricing. Finally, we find significant support that Tunisian issuers and their underwriters use discounted offer prices by setting prices below that warranted by its intrinsic valuations, to entice the uninformed investors to take part in the offerings for the purpose of successfully IPO implementation. Keywords:Initial public offering, information asymmetries, issuers’ incentives, Emergent Market, self marketed IPOs ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Salem Kanoun,Tunis Business Higher School, ESCT Manouba University, Tunisia, E-mail address:[email protected]


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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRIVATE CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE IN LATVIA

Irina Arhipova, Latvia Univesity of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia Liga Paura,Latvia Univesity of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia Abstract

The matter of the territories’ facilitation development in Latvia’s regional economics is significant under the EU conditions. In order to compare the regional economic development level it is suggested to use the relation between consumer income growth and changes in expenditures on food and non-alcoholic beverages. The average income level of inhabitants in Riga region is higher than in other Latvian regions, which consequently demonstrates lower proportion of food expenditure in private consumption structure. The results of the analysis of covariance demonstrate that, first, Latvian regional level of economic development is significantly different from Latvia’s average development level and, second, there is still a gap among living conditions in Latvia’s regions.

Keywords:Regional Development; Private Consumption Structure;Private Income Groeth

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Irina Arhipova, Latvia Univesity of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia,E-mail address:[email protected]


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FUTURE OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION

Pavel Ceniga, University of Žilina, F PEDAS, Department of Economy, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia Viera Šukalová,University of Žilina, F PEDAS, Department of Economy, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia

Abstract

The paper deals with ecological future development trends and highlights the interest of the business professionals and partners on sustainability in logistics management, assuming that economic needs, customer requirements and regulatory measures will also drive towards sustainability. Sustainable development of logistics in the coming years will most likely formed by seven key developments. Required forecasts contained in this article are based on the assumption that the current trend towards sustainability will continue and logistics service providers will seek to incorporate principles of sustainability into their business models and transactions.

Keywords:Logistics Management, Sustainable Approach, Globalization, Green Logistics

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Pavel Ceniga, University of Žilina, F PEDAS, Department of Economy, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


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MEASURING OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY AND MARGIN OF SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE PROVINCE OF NAJAF,

REPUBLIC OF IRAQ Laith Jaafar Hussein Hnoosh,Al-Kasim Green University - College of Food Science</p>, Iraq Samira Nema Kamil Al-Thamir,Al-Kasim Green University - College of Food Science</p>, Iraq

Abstract

The Marketing system in Iraq has multiple brokers, and high marketing margins that one of highest margins of other foods groups. The research aims to study the marketing activity of five vegetables crops (tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, eggplant, and green peppers) in Najaf province, Republic of Iraq, through the following objectives: Study the price relationships of that five vegetables crops and the price impact of each other, and learn about marketing margins during the various stages of marketing from farms to the final consumer, and to identify the net returns for each of farmers, wholesaler, and retailer, of the weight unit.It has been used preliminary data from sources through field research and personal interview in which they identify some of the farmers, wholesalers, retailers, agents and middlemen, who answer the questionnaire in the study area. It was used statistical data analysis, application of some statistical methods, and economic indicators of marketing efficiency standards of those crops. The result showed that the marketing efficiency of some vegetable crops in the province of Najaf, Republic of Iraq during the study period was; 31.7% of tomatoes, 27.3% of cucumbers, 44.2% of potato, 31.1% of eggplant, and 34.6% of green pepper. These data show that the marketing efficiency of that crops was convergent but low due to higher of marketing margins and profits of middlemen, which led to decrease the marketing efficiency of that crops

Keywords: Agricultural Marketing; Marketing Efficiency; Marketing Margin; Vegetable Crops; Najaf; Iraq

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Laith Jaafar Hussein Hnoosh,Al-Kasim Green University - College of Food Science</p>, Iraq E-mail address:[email protected]


26

RECENT TRENDS IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CHOSEN INDUSTRY IN THE SLOVAK AND CZECH

REPUBLIC Mariana Dubravska, Management, University of Prešov in Presov, Konstantinova St.16, Prešov, 080 01,

Slovak Repulic

Emilia Solankova,Henkel Slovensko, spol, s.r.o., Bratislava, 841 01, Slovak Republic Abstract The main goal of the paper is to evaluate trends of human resources management in the international environment on a selected sample of HR managers and their employees. Elaboration of the paper is based on theory and research studies. Except the literature review we have decided for more detailed analysis of the obtained data by this field of search. We have searched the relation between the trends and gained benefits and the origin of the respondent – Slovak and Czech one. Based on the results, we can state there is a statistically significant difference by little group of trends/benefits. By other benefits we can state that we adopt hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference in trends and benefits by employees in the Slovak and Czech Republic. Keywords: human resources management; trends; work-life balance; compensation; benefit ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mariana Dubravska,Management, University of Prešov in Presov, Konstantinova St.16, Prešov, 080 01, Slovak Repulic



27

SUSTAINABLE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SHOWN IN THE EXAMPLE OF A COMPANY OPERATING ON THE

TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET

Birgit Oberer, Kadir Has University, Management Information Systems Department, Faculty Member Studies

Alptekin Erkollar,Kadir Has University, Management Information Systems Department, Faculty Member Studies

Abstract

Modern organizations are being strongly pressured to increase agility and competitiveness, operate on the global market, and engage in alliances. One key success factor for these organizations is the human factor. Human resource and knowledge managers, line managers and team leaders are ultimately responsible for the effective and efficient operation of the organization. They are collectively responsible for the evolution of the organization in order to meet new challenges. These responsibilities can only be born if the these managers have the appropriate knowledge in their respective fields of expertise and know how to share this knowledge sustainable among each other, and have an effective awareness of the need for a knowledge sharing network within the organization. In this study, we develop a social media based knowledge management system for a company, which operates in the telecommunications market, serving a special niche market. Managers from similar disciplines contribute to the project in sharing their knowledge on social media, mainly Google Plus. We develop structures for a sustainable knowledge management environment for companies in the example of managers, all of who have expertise in management or information technology. Applying social media for managing knowledge could turn these managers into knowledge leaders in their organizations. The results of the forthcoming analysis will show the advantages and potential for improvement, for using social media knowledge bases for knowledge exchange.

Keywords:knowledge management,social media,google plus,knowledge sharing

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Birgit Oberer, Kadir Has University, Management Information Systems Department, Faculty Member. Studies



28

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT BASED ON EMPLOYEES AND CORPORATE CULTURE

Miroslava Triznová,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Hana Maťová,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Jan Dvořáček,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Sarah Sadek,University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, Great Britain Abstract

This paper provides the overview on Customer Relationship Management that is strongly influenced by corporate culture, corporate identity and employees. Different theoretical approaches to CRM are included in the first part of the paper. Second part of the paper presents the results of research based on Delphi method, which was aimed at finding actual CRM definition and customer's characteristics in the future. Third part of the paper presents four main areas company should focus on when engaging customers. It aims on People and Corporate Culture, which is one of the four areas, when building customer experience with company.

Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; CRM; customer characteristics; corporate culture; corporate identity ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Miroslava Triznová,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


29

IMPROVEMENT OF COMPANY MARKETING STRATEGY BASED ON GOOGLE SEARCH RESULTS ANALYSIS

Marek Ďurica, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic

Lucia Švábová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic

Abstract

Google is now probably the most widely used Internet searching tool. Most companies that sell their goods or services electronically try to reach that customers will be able to find their offer through Google search. The person or company who searches for a product or service through Google enters keywords into the search. Then the customer chooses from the first few offers most frequently. It is therefore in the interest of every company that sells some products to be placed in a leading position of this search. However, how to achieve this goal? The paper deals with the analysis and quantification of some characteristics of companies that may affect their ranking in local search results using the search domain Google. In the paper we try to experimentally determine which factors affect ranking in Google search. Of course, it is necessary to quantify the impact of these factors. To select these factors and to determine their impact, we use exact methods of mathematical statistics, hypothesis testing, and correlation and regression analysis. Confirmation and quantification of the impact of some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the firm can be used to formulate recommendations for improving corporate strategy of the firm for acquiring new customers. Keywords:Google research; electronic commerce; ranking in google ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Marek Ďurica, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic E-mail address:[email protected]


30

MULTI CRITERIA DISCRETE MODELS USED IN SLOVAK CONSUMER MARKET FOR BUSINESS DECISION MAKING

Katarína Valášková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná

Katarína Kramárová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná

Viera Bartošová,Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná

Abstract

Economic recession of the last decade has changed the consumer behavior. Based on the research conducted in 2013 we can conclude that the changes in shopping behavior of Slovak consumers are mostly influenced by the length of the crisis and the disposable income, age does not influence the shopping behavior. The data collected in the research were used to identify the most typical Slovak behavior as the limited one. The aim of this article is to determine the store, using the WSA and TOPSIS method, which best fits to Slovak consumers. The purpose of the article is to relieve the usefulness and importance of the multi criteria methods of decision making used by traders to recognize which strategy to adopt to be able to meet the needs of consumers, to achieve relevant turnover and to succeed in the competitive environment with regard to the character of Slovak consumers, type of their shopping behavior and disposable income. In the article were used the methods of logical and comparative analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, description, excerption and multi criteria method of decision-making. As two different methods were applied and the results were almost the same, the decision-maker can choose which one to use to organize its business activities. Using these discrete models the store, which best meets the needs of consumers and accept the changes in the shopping behavior is easily determined.

Keywords:conusmer behaviour; chain stores; multi criteria models; TOPSIS method; WSA method.

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Katarína Valášková,Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná E-mail address: [email protected]


31

FORMULATIONS FOR MINIMIZING TOUR DURATION HAVE THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM WITH TIME

WINDOWS Imdat Kara, Baskent University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Baglica

Campus, Ankara, Turkey Tusan Derya,Baskent University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Baglica

Campus, Ankara, Turkey Abstract Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows (TSPTW) serves as one of the most important variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The main objective functions expressed in the literature of the TSPTW consist of the following: (1) to minimize total distance travelled (or to minimize total travel time spent on the arcs), (2) to minimize total cost of traveling on the arcs and cost of waiting before services, or (3) to minimize total time passed from depot to depot (tour duration). When the unit cost of traveling and unit cost of waiting appear equal, then one may solve the problem just minimizing tour duration. According to our best knowledge, only one formulation with nonlinear constraints considers the aim of minimizing tour duration for symmetric case. However, for just minimizing tour duration, we haven’t seen any linear formulation for symmetric and any general formulation for asymmetric TSPTW. In this paper, for minimizing tour duration, we propose polynomial size integer linear programming formulation for symmetric and asymmetric TSPTW separately. The performances of our proposed formulations are tested on well-known benchmark instances used to minimize total travel time spent on the arcs. For symmetric TSPTW, our proposed formulation sufficiently and capably finds optimal solutions for all instances (the biggest are with 400 customers) in an extremely short time with CPLEX 12.4. For asymmetric TSPTW, we used instances generated from a real life problem, which were used for minimizing total arc cost. We used these instances for minimizing tour duration and observe that, optimal solutions of the most of the instances up to 232 nodes are obtained within seconds. In addition, the proposed formulation for asymmetric case obtained 7 new best-known solutions.

Keywords: Travelling Salesman Problem,routing,Total duration

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Imdat Kara, Baskent University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Baglica Campus, Ankara, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


32

HARNESSING FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN INVESTORS DECISSIONS: ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING VERSUS CASH

ACCOUNTING Constantin Toma, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi,700506, Romania Mihai Carp, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi,700506, Romania Ioan Bogdan Robu, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi,700506, Romania

Abstract This study aims to analyze the influence of the value added of the information developed according on the two main accounting systems for investment decision making, with direct impact on the market capitalization of the listed companies. To obtain the research results, in the study were analyzed specific financial information, collected for a sample of 65 Romanian listed companies on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, between 2011 and 2013. For data analysis were used econometric models from the literature, based on the multiple regression analysis and adapted to the research objectives. At the level of the study, there was estimated and tested the influence of the information attained based on the use of cash accounting (quantified through the cash flow from operations, cash flow from investing and cash flow from financing) and based on the use of accrual accounting (quantified through the variation of the operating and net income) on the capital gains yield of listed companies. Research results show a growth of the value relevance of the information obtained based on the use of accrual accounting compared to the ones obtained as a result of cash accounting use, in the case of Romanian listed companies.

Keywords: financial information, investors, accrual accounting, cash accounting, value relevance

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Constantin Toma, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi,700506, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


33

HOW SLOVAK SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES PERCEIVE FINANCIAL CONTROLLING

Mariana Sedliačiková, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia Vladimír Vacek, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia Eva Sopková, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia Abstract This paper deals with the financial controlling in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Slovakia and also presents the results from the questionnaire survey. Mapping the subject of financial controlling in practice conditions of Slovak SMEs was carried out on a sample on SMEs of woodworking and furniture industry. The aim of the survey was to determine the level of understanding and implementation of financial controlling in practice, as well as identifying the potential interest in its implementation in the future. Based on the results of the research a framework model of financial controlling for SMEs was proposed, which will be possible to use, with partial modifications in SMEs regardless their type and branch of business. Keywords:Financial controlling, small and medium enterprises (SME), liquidity, profitability, financial health

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mariana Sedliačiková, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


34

A NEW TWO-PHASE APPROACH FOR HOLDING THE STRICT POSITIVITY RESTRICTION OF WEIGHTS IN DEA

MODELS

Mehdi Toloo, Economics, Technical University of Ostrava,Ostrava, Czech Republic Esmail Keshavarz, Economics, Technical University of Ostrava,Ostrava, Czech Republic

Abstract

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a well-known non-parametric management science approach for measuring relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) performing similar tasks in a production system that consumes multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. This approach evaluates efficiency score of a DMU as the maximum ratio of the weighted sum of outputs to the weighted sum of inputs subject to the condition that corresponding ratios for each DMU be less than or equal to one. From the theoretical and the computational points of view, strict positivity of the weights is an important and controversial condition to identify an efficient DMU. One significant method to achieve this condition is considering a positive lower bound on weights; known as non-Archimedean infinitesimal epsilon, nevertheless under some conditions the selected value for epsilon is quite small (sometimes even smaller than the zero tolerance of the computer). There is a two-phase approach, which evaluates the efficiency of DMUs in envelopment model without determining a suitable value for epsilon, however it fails to give us a set of positive weights. In fact, finding a set of positive weights among all alternative solutions of multiplier model is a technical challenge in DEA. To meet the challenge, we propose a new two-phase approach, which deals with multiplier model and determines positive weights, if there are. A case study of Iranian banking industry is taken as an example to illustrate the potential application of the suggested approach. Keywords: Data envelopment analysis; Efficiency; Positive weights; Non-Archimedean infinitesimal; Multiplier model; Banking industry

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mehdi Toloo, Business Administration, Faculty of Economics, Technical University of Ostrava,Ostrava, Czech Republic E-mail address: [email protected]


35

GENDERS RISK PREFERENCE ACROSS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL

OPPORTUNITY

Amir Emami, DIGEPdepartment, University of Politecnico di Torino, Italy Emilio Paolucci, DIGEP department, University of Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Abstract

Risk phenomenon is the ubiquitous element of modern cognitive entrepreneurship literature due to its inherent capability to distinguish entrepreneurs from none-entrepreneurs. There is a great body of research in the entrepreneurial risk taking behavior but to the best of our knowledge few of them address the negative and the positive formation together by variety of risk levels. This paper examines how different representation of entrepreneurial opportunity can influence entrepreneurs’ risk preference toward risk aversion or risk seeking behavior and whether this differs between men and women. The main application of our contribution is to discuss whether in positive environments such as those of encouraging economic systems - where entrepreneurs encounter with positive signals regarding business activities- the risk propensity of entrepreneurs differ with those negative ones. In doing so, a random sample of 135 entrepreneurs (65 men and 70 women) and 126 non-entrepreneurs (62 men and 64 women) were presented with a new framework of risky choice framing containing an entrepreneurial opportunity scenario. Their task was to indicate their preference in four different levels of risk and one certain solution in order to save the opportunity return. The subjects were from biotechnology and life science industry in Tehran. Results show that when the information of the entrepreneurial opportunity framed positively there is a significant difference between all the groups in certain choice and low risks. On the other hand in the negative formation of the same opportunity scenario female non-entrepreneur vs. male entrepreneurs and female entrepreneurs had the most significant differences. In addition to these main groups comparison analysis, male entrepreneurs had preference for all the risk levels but female entrepreneurs gave moderate risk preference at all the risk levels in negative manipulation. Furthermore, when the same information framed positively, their risk preference only differs in the low risks and certain condition. The detail differences and risk preferences of each of four groups are analyzed and discussed. Keywords: Cognition, Entrepreneurial opportunity, Gender differences, Risky framing

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Amir Emami, DIGEP department, University of Politecnico di Torino, Italy E-mail address:[email protected]


36

THE LAFFER EFFECT AT TURKISH SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION’S PREMIUM REVENUE

Murat Binay,T.R. Social SecurityAdministration,Ankara, 06500, Turkey Abstract This study is an attempt to analyse and deep the insurance premium rate/load as a factor that

influences the premium revenues for the Social Security Administration by using the Laffer curve logic and to identify the premium load that maximizes premium revenues and the improvement it would bring to the Administration.Turkish Social Security system separates the employees three main groups: Indıvıduals working on service contract who are subject to SSK(Social Insurance Administration) , Individuals working on their own names and accounts who are subject to Bağ-Kur(Craftsmen And Artisans And Other Self-Employed Social Insurance Institution) and public employees who are subject to ES (Retirement Fund General Directorate) before the social security reform.The previous study, “Model Proposal for Investigating and Increasing the Social Security Administration’s Premium Collection Revenue” analysed the relationship between the premium revenue and premium rate/load for all the employees and make a total analyse for premium rate and revenue. In this study it will be focused on : Indıvıduals working on service contract who are subject to SSK(Social Insurance Administration) before the reform.

Keywords:Premium Rate; Premium Revenue; Earnings Based On Premium; The Laffer Curve ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Murat Binay,T.R. Social SecurityAdministration,Ankara, 06500, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]

THE INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL TV ADS ON BRAND-


37

ADJECTIVE ASSOCIATION VIA OPTIC NEUROIMAGING METHOD

Tuna Cakar,Middle East Technical University, Informatics Institute,Turkey

Abstract The advertisements have been one of the crucial marketing communication activities for the businesses that have long been claimed to have impact on brand equity. In this empirical work, we have investigated this impact with the use of an optic brain imaging method (fNIR) that is used for mental workload assessments (Ayaz et al., 2012) as well as preference relationships (Shimokawa et al., 2010). The participants were asked to respond a brand-adjective test in which three automobile brands were presented with different positive adjectives like attractive, extraordinary and leader. Then the participants watched three TV commercials of these three brands randomly. Then the participants were given the brand-adjective association test again. For the control condition, the participants watched different TV commercial ads of home care brands that have been irrelevant to the subject. Keywords: brand-adjective, association, commercial, irrelevant ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Tuna Cakar, Middle East Technical University, Informatics Institute E-mail address: [email protected]

FACTORS AFFECTING CO2 EMISSIONS IN THE BRICS COUNTRIES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS


38

Yassine Zakarya Ghouali, Economics, Business and Management Sciences, POLDEVA Lab, University of

Tlemcen Mostéfa Belmokaddem, Economics, Business and Management Sciences, POLDEVA Lab, University of

Tlemcen Mohamed Abbes Sahraoui, Economics, Business and Management Sciences, POLDEVA Lab, University of

Tlemcen Mohamed Seghir Guellil,Economics, Business and Management Sciences, POLDEVA Lab, University of

Tlemcen Abstract The effects of climate change are being felt on all continents of the world and these impacts are predicted to intensify in the coming decades. Unmitigated climate change poses great risks to human health, global food security, and economic development and to the natural world on which much of our prosperity depends. Society therefore needs to take measures to adapt to these unavoidable impacts while taking action to cut the greenhouse gas emissions that are contributing to climate change. This study analyzes the interactions that may exist between the total energy consumption, FDI, economic growth, and the emission of CO2 in the BRICS countries, using the co-integration tests and panel Granger causality in panel. The results show significantly that there is a co-integration relationship between CO2 emissions and economic variables. The results also indicate the existence of a unidirectional causality from CO2 to the independent variables. These results can help decision makers in these countries to understand and grasp the complexity of this phenomenon; a better understanding of this phenomenon will probably better guide future decisions to deal with this threat that weighs more heavily on the scene world politics. Keywords: Energy consumption; CO2 emissions; FDI; Panel Co-integration; BRICS

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Yassine Zakarya Ghouali, Economics, Business and Management Sciences, POLDEVA Lab, University of Tlemcen, E-mail address:[email protected]

DETERMINANTS OF CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT IN TURKEY: THE CONDITIONAL AND PARTIAL GRANGER

CAUSALITY APPROACH Funda Yurdakul, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, 06500, Turkey Erdoğan Cevher, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, 06500, Turkey


39

Abstract

The current account deficit problem is among the most widely debated issues about Turkish Economy in recent years. Changes in current account deficit are considered as signals about how the economy is doing and thus plays a determining role in the shaping of economic decisions and expectations. Hence is the need to monitor the changes in current account deficit and to study its causes, or the determinants of current account deficit. The present study aims to demonstrate the causality relations among the macro-economic variables affecting current account deficit with the help of conditional and partial Granger causality tests. Conditional and partial Granger causality tests are employed to find these determinants since these multivariate tests have the ability to find non-spurious G-causality relations.

Keywords:The Conditional and Partial Granger Causality,Current Account Deficit ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Funda Yurdakul, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara, 06500, Turkey,E-mail address: [email protected]

THE USE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS COSTS


40

Oľga Poniščiaková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010

26 Zilina, Slovakia Martina Gogolová, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010

26 Zilina, Slovakia Katarína Ivánková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010

26 Zilina, Slovakia Abstract Constant change is typical not only for social space, but also for economic structure and business as well. For agents and reasons of these changes in our country it is necessary to look for not only in transformation of our economic conditions - this process has been running for several years and market mechanism has become reality – but the importance and influence of a new phenomenon is growing. This phenomenon is called new economics, or globalization which is typical with national borders destroying and harmonisation of management tools. Keywords: globalization, management, accounting, managerial accounting, costs ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Oľga Poniščiaková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia E-mail address: [email protected]


41

THE PRIORITIES OF CREDIT OBTAINING PHYSICAL ENTITIES WHILE SELECTING CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AND CREDIT

TYPES: LITHUANIAN CASE

Rita Remeikiene, Faculty of Economics and Finance Management Mykolas Romeris University

Abstract The problem of the research can be formulated as a question: What are the priorities of physical entities while selecting credit institutions and credit types in Lithuanian borrowing market?The study is aimed at identification of the priorities of physical entities while selecting credit institutions and credit types in Lithuanian borrowing market.The methods of the research include the analysis of the scientific literature, statistical data analysis, questionnaire survey (quantitative research), descriptive statistics and cross-variable analysis.The research has enabled to identify the priorities of physical entities while selecting credit institutions and credit types in Lithuanian borrowing market. It has also revealed the link between the physical entities’ interest in the financial indicators of particular credit institutions and the types of the obtained credits. Keywords: physical entities, financial indicators, selecting credit ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Rita Remeikiene,Faculty of Economics and Finance Management Mykolas Romeris University E-mail address: [email protected]


42

A CROSS CULTURAL MODEL FOR ORGANIZATION QUALITIES PERCEPTION

Gratiela Dana BOCA, Technical University Cluj Napoca, North Center University of Baia Mare

Abstract This study examined the cross cultural model in Quality Management, the relation between manager and subordinates and which are the organization values perceptions in different countries of Europe. The study was conducting using a sample of cross cultural model and translates in different type of organizations, with different vision upon work culture. The survey included measures of affective and normative commitment to organization, the occupation, team work and European perception. Now on a global economy, in an economical crises and a fluctuation of work market, with a free market movement from East to West the study reflect the perception of cross cultural values in each country. The implications of these findings are discussed and conclude that there are not so many significant difference between them and there is higher orientation to cultural values, reflecting orientation to organizational factors. Keywords: cross culture; quality; manager profile; subordinates behavior; business managment ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Gratiela Dana BOCA, Technical University Cluj Napoca, North Center University of Baia Mare,E-mail address:[email protected]


43

ISHIKAWA' APPROACH IN GREEK SECONDARY EDUCATION SYSTEM EVALUATION IN RESPECT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE Sofia D. Anastasiadou,University of Western Macedonia, Northwestern Greece Abstaract In the present study Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram very well known as Cause–and–Effect Diagram, tries to reveal the negative causes in Greek education system according to 300 Greek secondary teachers’ opinions. More especially, it tries to identifythe Likely Causes of Problems in the Greek educational system in relation to quality assurance. Possible solutions are proposed and implications for further research are made.

Keywords: Quality Assurance, Education, EFQM,Ishikawa,fishbone, diagram ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Sofia D. Anastasiadou,University of Western Macedonia E-mail address:[email protected]


44

IDENTIFICATION OF THE TOOLS AND METHODS OF SELECTED FACTORS OF ORGANIZATION‘S

COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Jana Školudová, Czech, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic Marcela Kožená2, Czech, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic

Abstract

The basic prerequisite for a company's success in today's economically dynamic environment is for them to find competitive advantages. The goal of this report is to identify the tools and methods that organizations use for improving selected factors of competitiveness. Of the primary factors for competitiveness, innovation, promotion, flexibility and production quality were selected.The report also discusses the use of the newest trends in the investigated field, and a concept for further research directions is outlined. The report attempts to highlight the fact that competitiveness and competitive advantage comprise one of the key factors for an organization's success.

Keywords: competitiveness, organizations, innovation, promotion, flexibility, quality of production ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jana Školudová, Czech, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected],


45

THE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE PHYSICAL ENTITIES’ BORROWING: LITHUANIAN CASE

Ilona Alisauskaite, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT-08303 Lithuania Seskiene, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT-08303 Lithuania Rita Remeikiene, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT-08303 Lithuania Ligita Gaspareniene, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT-08303 Lithuania

Abstract

The aim of the study is identification of internal and external factors that determine physical entities’ borrowing in Lithuanian finance market. The methods of the research include literature analysis, questionnaire survey, descriptive statistics and cross-variable analysis. The research has enabled to establish the links between the internal and external determinants of physical entities’ borrowing and their demographic characteristics. Keywords:physical entities; borrowing; external factors; internal factors, Lithuanian finance market ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ilona Alisauskaite, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities str. 20, Vilnius, LT-08303 Lithuania, E-mail address:[email protected]


46

A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO DEMAND ESTIMATION H.Kıvanç AKSOY,Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26100, TÜRKİYE Aslı GÜNER,Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26100, TÜRKİYE

Abstract

Companies have been using various methods to ensure their sustainability and to increase their profit. Demand estimation can be defined as a process that involves coming up with an estimate of the amount of end use demand for a product or service. Companies use demand estimation techniques for various reasons. One of the reasons that businesses use demand estimation is to determining the production amount in a certain period of time and accordingly keep the inventory level under control. An additional consideration is to assist with pricing. Decision maker’s uses various techniques for demand estimation. One of the techniques is using the earlier period data and the other is utilizing the test markets, which are similar to larger targeted markets. In this paper, we resort to Bayesian approach for demand estimation and utilized the textile products export data, which belongs to years between 2002 and 2014. In Bayesian analysis the new information is combined with the previously available information. At this point the prior information (distribution) corresponds to the historical data or the subjective thought of the decision maker about the unknown parameter of the involved process. The performance of the following updates depends on the prior information therefore the determination of prior information is significant. In this research to obtain the future demand level for the previously mentioned data we utilize the conjugate prior families to obtain the posterior distribution.

Keywords:demand estimation; bayesian approach; conjugate families; prior distribution; posterior distribution ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:H.Kıvanç AKSOY,Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26100, TÜRKİYE E-mail address:[email protected]


47

INNOVATION: A FINANCIAL ASSET OF THE CAPITALIST ORAN “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY” OF THE

ENTREPRENEUR?

Xhimi Hysa, Sapienza University of Rome - Italy, Management Department Mario Calabrese, Sapienza University of Rome - Italy, ManagementDepartment

Abstract Topics like entrepreneurship and innovation have been and still are central, not only in businessmanagement, but also in economic science in general. Indeed, the first formulations of entrepreneurshipand innovation date back in the era of classical economics, a period in which capitalism was emergingfrom feudalism and in which the industrial revolution was leading to vast changes in society caused byradical and incremental innovations. The purpose of this study is to identify the specific subjects that deal with innovation, in order to understand if the innovation “belongs” more to the capitalist or to the entrepreneur, and if there is any difference between the capitalist and the entrepreneur in terms of commitment, risk, and expectations. In this study a literature review methodology is used for classifying the capitalist and the entrepreneur form different profiles and in relation with the innovation process. Data are obtained mainly from books and articles, relying on an interdisciplinary perspective. Researchfindings show that the figure of the capitalist is distinguished from that of the entrepreneur in front ofbusiness activities. Thus, offering the capital, expecting as a return the financial interest rate, and assuming a financial risk financially commit the capitalist. Instead, the entrepreneur is committedwith innovation and change, expecting the profit as remuneration for the assumed organizational risk. Keywords: capitalist, entrepreneur, innovation, commitment, risk, expectation ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Xhimi Hysa, Sapienza University of Rome - Italy, Management Department E-mail address:[email protected]


48

THE USE OF EXTERNAL PERSONNEL MARKETING IN SLOVAKIA: A CASE STUDY ON SELECTED SLOVAK

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COMPANY Martina Gogolová, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26

Zilina, Slovakia Oľga Poniščiaková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26

Zilina, Slovakia Katarína Ivánková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26

Zilina, Slovakia Abstract This paper studies the application of the external personnel marketing in selected Slovak mechanical engineering company. The primary objective of the paper is to analyze and describe how and to what extent theoretical principles of external personnel marketing are applied in a selected Slovak mechanical engineering company. Concerning research methods, the case study methodology is used. The data were collected by means of questionnaire survey with secondary school students in their final year of studies, doing internship in the selected company and thus being potential employees of this company and by means of structured interviews with company managers. Secondary data (company documentation) were used too. Concerning findings and results, the selected company uses external personnel marketing principles in external hiring and practices employer branding within the geographical region of its location. We recommend more intensive use of public relations tools towards the inhabitants of the region where the selected company operates and recommend following the use of external personnel marketing principles in external hiring. Keywords: external personnel marketing; employer brand; Slovak mechanical engineering company; human resources management; HR manager

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Martina Gogolová,Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia



49

ISHIKAWA' APPROACH IN GREEK PRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEM EVALUATION IN RESPECT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE

ACCORDING TO EFQM MODEL

Sofia D. Anastasiadou, University of Western Macedonia Northwestern Greece

Abstaract

Quality insurance in Education is of a major importance. Thus the main aim of the present study is Ishikawa’ approach in Greek Primary Education System evaluation in respect of quality assurance according to EFQM Model. Cause–and–Effect Diagram tries to reveal the negative causes in Greek Primary Education System according to 230 Greek primary teachers’ opinions. More especially, it tries to identifythe Likely Causes of Problems in the Greek educational system, which is an obstacle in relation to quality assurance. Possible solutions are proposed and implications for further research are made.

Keywords: Quality Assurance, Education, EFQM,Ishikawa,fishbone, diagram

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Sofia D. Anastasiadou, University of Western Macedonia E-mail address:[email protected]


50

AN EXAMINATION OF NIGERIA’S CULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HER CITIZENS

Kola Sonaike, Department of Business American Inter Continental University, Houston

Abstract This qualitative exploratory study examined the prevailing culture in Nigeria from the perspective of her citizens living in the country. Data were obtained from 30 purposive and judgmental sample of Nigerian citizens in certain areas of Nigeria’s capital city, Abuja. The study participants were asked eight questions in a semi-structured interview format. The main research question was “In your opinion, what will you classify as the main components of the Nigerian culture?” Sub-questions included “Do you think there is one distinct Nigerian culture?” “If so, how best can you describe that culture in terms of the way of life of the people?” “If not, what, in your opinion, are the main characteristics of the different cultures in Nigeria?” The data obtained from the study were analyzed for patterns and themes using the NVivo 8 computer software. Results showed that, in general, it is difficult to place Nigeria under one distinct culture. As it were, the country seems to be made up of different cultural entities. Five main cultural entities were, however, identified. These cultures are tied mainly to the geographical divisions of the country. The main identifiable cultures were thus from the South-South, South-East, South-West, Middle Belt, and North. There was, however, a small group that seemed to recognize the differences in cultures between Nigerian who had lived most of their lives in the cities and those who had lived all their lives virtually in the villages, the less developed areas of the country. Keywords: South-East, South-West, Middle Belt, North ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Kola Sonaike, Department of Business American Inter Continental University, Houston E-mail address:[email protected]


51

TRENDS IN SPACE PROJECTION OF CREATIVITY NETWORKS IN ROMANIA

Camelia Teodorescu, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Geography Department of Human andEconomic Geography

Daniel Peptenatu, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Geography Department of Human andEconomic Geography

Cristian Constantin Draghici, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Geography Department ofHuman and Economic Geography

Adrian Simion, University of Bucharest, Romania Faculty of GeographyDepartment of Climatology and Hydrology

Daniel Diaconu, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of GeographyDepartment of Climatology and Hydrology

Laura Georgiana Comanescu, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Geography Department ofGeomorphology

Radu Daniel Pintilii, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Geography Department of Human andEconomic Geography

Ana Maria Grigore, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Geography Department of Human andEconomic Geography

Adrian Amadeus Tiscovschi, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Geography Department ofHuman and Economic Geography

Abstract The main objectives of this study are the spatial design of the regional systems of creativity in Romania and the identification of evolutionary trends, by creating spatial models for key economic indicators, specific to such economic activities. This study focused on how creative economies are concentrated in the national network of settlements and how they differentiate in terms of regional profile. We created a yearly nationwide database for the period 2000-2012, which includes four-digit creative economic activities, according to the Classification of National Economy Activities, for each administrative unit in Romania. The analyses, conducted over 2000-2012, show a concentration of creative economies as a national polycentric network, which includes the capital city and the cities with over 300,000 inhabitants, as well as their structured territorial systems emerging around them, representing the local and regional polycentric networks. Keywords: creative economy, regional creative networks, polycentric development, territorial systems, regional development ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Camelia Teodorescu, University of Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty ofGeography Department of Human and Economic Geography E-mail address:[email protected]


52

THE REASONS FOR THE INABILITY OF THE ORGANIZATIONS IN FURNITURE INDUSTRY TO GET INTO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN EAST ANATOLIAN

REGION

Mehmet Colak,Mugla Sitki Kocman University,Muğla Tahsin Cetin, Mugla Sitki Kocman University,Muğla Burcu Engin, Mugla Sitki Kocman University,Muğla

Abstract It is a well-known fact that export is of a great importance for the development of the economy and welfare of a country. Thus, all countries attach great importance to export and determine international strategies to enhance their export. As a result of globalization, export has turned out to be a phenomenon offering opportunities for organizations of every scale to sell their products in international markets and an important factor contributing to the development of the economy of a country. In the present study, the reasons behind the inability of small and medium-scale furniture organizations operating in Turkey to get into international markets were investigated and the most effective ones from among these reasons were determined and factors contributing to these reasons were tried to be determined. The analysis conducted revealed that the most important reasons found as a result of multiple-choice frequency percentage evaluation are as follows: not being able to find customers (96.2%), high prices (80.8%) and not being able to export due to high input costs. Other factors are lack of promotion activities in international markets, shortage of qualified labor force, lack of briefing about incentives offered for small- and medium-scale organizations (SMEs) and their poor entrepreneurship initiatives. All these factors negatively affect their competitive advantage in international markets. The most important means of national and international promotion is fairs; thus, participation in national and international fairs can minimize the effects of these factors. Keywords:Furniture sector, SMEs, Problems in export, International markets ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mehmet Colak,Mugla Sitki Kocman University E-mail address:[email protected]


53

PERCEPTION OF IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES OF GREEN LOGISTICS IN SMES IN SLOVAKIA – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

AND A PROPOSAL OF AN ALGORITHM OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Malá Denisa, Faculty of Economics, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia Musová Zdenka, Faculty of Economics, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia

Abstract

Green logistics focuses on the impact of corporate processes on the environment. The objective of green logistics is not only to fulfill the customer’s requirements for complex service of the logistics processes through guaranteed and reliable satisfaction of all customers needs in this field, but also to have a tolerant and thoughtful approach towards the environment. The implementation of the green logistics processes into SMEs is a way of building good reputation while at the same time ensuring sustainable development of business. This paper deals with green logistics in Slovak small and medium enterprises, and presents the results of a survey the main objective of which was to explore the initiatives of green logistics in the conditions of Slovak SMEs, and to identify the opportunities and the barriers of implementing the logistics processes into SMEs in Slovakia. On basis of the survey results, we would like to suggest an algorithm of implementation of the green logistics processes in the conditions of the Slovak SMEs.

Keywords: Green logistics, Logistics processes, Small and medium enterprises (SME), Sustainable development

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Malá Denisa, Faculty of Economics, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


54

A COMPARISON OF SEVERAL BONUS MALUS SYSTEMS Silvie Kafková, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, Brno-Pisárky

60200, Czech Republic

Abstract

The paper deals with the automobile third party liability insurance. Several bonus malus systems based on Loimaranta efficiency are compared in it. Very important task for actuary is creating rating system that will fairly distributed the burden of claims among policyholders. For these purposes, most insurance companies use generalized linear models, especially Poisson regression. Thanks to these models the a priori tariff structure is created. But some heterogeneity still remains in this tariff structure. Therefore, insurance companies use the bonus malus system that rewards good drivers and penalizes bad ones. In this paper the bonus malus system is created and bayesian relativities are computed for the sample of data. Then this bonus malus system is compared with several bonus malus systems from the Czech Republic. The elasticity of these bonus malus systems is examined and Loimaranta efficiency is used as main tool for the comparison of these systems.

Keywords: Loimaranta efficiency, bonus malus system, bayesian relativities ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Silvie Kafková, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, Brno-Pisárky 60200, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


55

QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION SOCIETY AND ICT INDUSTRY IN LATVIA

Mara Gulbe, University of Latvia, Faculty of Economics and Management, Latvia Abstract Development of Information society is closely related to progress in development of ICT industry. Successful evolution of ICT industry is one of prerequisites of the development of Information society as well as its significant constituent part. Statistics are an important element in describing any sector of the economy. It helps to determine the level of development in the country and the ranking of the country among others. The ICT sector has developed very rapidly in Latvia during the last decade, and this explains the great interest in indicators characterising this development. A key element in the ICT sector is the telecommunications sub-sector.The article is devoted tostatisticalanalysis of information and communicationtechnology(ICT) industry in Latvia and the development of Information Society in the country. On the basis of statistical data comparison of Latvia with other European countries is made. This comparison shows that Latvia belongs to countries with very well developed Internet. On the other hand the statistical data points on the fact that it is necessary to increase the awareness of population regarding possibilities offered by using of ICT and e-Government. Keywords: Information society, ICT industry, statistics ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mara Gulbe, University of Latvia, Faculty of Economics and Management, Latvia,E-mail address:[email protected]


56

THE ROLE OF EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE STATUS IN STRUCTURING ECONOMIC PROFILE OF SIBIU, ROMANIA

Cristian Constantin Draghici, University of Bucharest, - Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management Work Group, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania

Razvan Mihai Papuc, University of Bucharest – Faculty of Administration and Business, 4-12, Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest, 030018, Romania

Stefan Manuel Iordache, University of Bucharesti – Faculty of Geography, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania

Catalin Razvan Dobrea,Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6, Romana Square, Bucharest,010374,Romania

Radu Daniel Pintilii, Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania

Camelia Teodorescu, Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania

Daniel Peptenatu, Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania

Daniel Constantin Diaconu, University of Bucharesti – Faculty of Geography, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania

Adrian Gabriel Simion,University of Bucharesti – Faculty of Geography, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania

Abstract The research focused on the impact of obtaining the status of European Cultural Capital on the dynamics of the business sector. Special attention was paid to the dynamics of tourism economy, the main economic activity that benefited from obtaining the status of the European Cultural Capital. The analyses focused on the impact of this obtained status on the adaptive capacity of each economic sector. Research was based on a number of relevant indicators to the structural dynamics of local economy: the evolution of the number of firms, the evolution of the number of employees, the evolution of turnover, profit evolution. All these indicators were analyzed in terms of NACE code - Classification of National Economy Activities for 2000-2012. Based on these indicators tendency matrixes were drafted projecting the dynamic picture of local economy. Analyses identified the superior dynamics of this local economic system due to capital inflows and to adaptive planning initiated by the decision-making structures. Keywords: European Capital of Culture, Cultural tourism, Economic profile, Tourism economy, Adaptive planning ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Cristian Constantin Draghici, University of Bucharest, - Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management Work Group, 1, N.Balcescu, Bucharest, 010041, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


57

EVENT TOURISM IN RUSSIAN REGION: OPPORTUNITY FOR SMALL-SCALE BUSINESS GROWTH

Elena Chibir,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, Tomsk,Russia Tatiana Shirko,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, Tomsk, Russia Abstract Contemporary international economy and politics development requires extension of the service market. Among the segments of the market mentioned above tourism services are of the highest priority. Great cultural and tourism potential of Russia and its regions give an opportunity for sizeable economic growth. A significant role in the intensification of regional development is allocated to small- and medium-sized business. Event tourism popularity allow to consider it as a way of tourism attraction centers forming, especially for the regions that have appropriate cultural potential and experience. Keywords:Russian economy, tourism,event tourism,small-scale business, Tomsk region ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Elena Chibir,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, Tomsk E-mail address:[email protected]


58

FACTORS BEHIND THE RUSSIAN RUBLE DEPRECIATION

Tomáš Urbanovský, Administration, Masaryk University, Lipova 41a, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic

Abstract

Economists around the world have been fully occupied with examination of the global systemic financial crisis. This crisis is slowly coming to the end, thus the focus of economists moved to Russia, which has been experiencing a crisis of another kind in the last twelve months - the currency crisis. The most discussed causes of permanent ruble depreciation are decreases in oil price and implementation of anti-Russia sanctions due to the annexation of the Ukrainian Crimean Peninsula. However, other factors, which might have considerable effects on ruble exchange rate, are overlooked – for example changes in gold and gas price, Russian interest rates, development of stock market and last but not least development of US dollar exchange rate itself. A close relationship among these variables may be suspected. The purpose of this article is to discover this relationship and determine the impact of these variables on changes in the ruble exchange rate.

Keywords: ruble exchange rate, oil price, depreciation, cointegration analysis

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Tomáš Urbanovský, Administration, Masaryk University, Lipova 41a, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


59

PHENOMENON OF POVERTY AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITYIN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Sylvia Jencova, Management, University of Presov in Presov, Konstantinova 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia Eva Litavcova, Management, University of Presov in Presov, Konstantinova 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia Rastislav Kotulic, Management, University of Presov in Presov, Konstantinova 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia Roman Vavrek, Management, University of Presov in Presov, Konstantinova 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia Ivana Kravcakova Vozarova, Management, University of Presov in Presov, Konstantinova 16, 080 01

Presov, Slovakia Tadeas Litavec,Research Institute of Pedology and Soil Protection, Raymanova 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia

Abstract Today's period is affected by various crises either on domestic or foreign scene and the phenomenon of poverty is becoming its everyday part. The Slovak Republic belongs to the countries with the lowest risk of poverty in the European Union, but more and more of its economically active population is faced with this undesirable phenomenon. The paper focuses on characteristics of the current situation and describes the relationship of poverty with other indicators monitored at the state level, e.g. unemployment or migration of population. Using the described regression and correlation analysis in the methodological section is examined the dependence of these indicators with other indicators. Based on these results, the contribution identifies and provides opportunities respectively suggestions for improving the current situation Keywords:Economic inequality; Poverty; Regressin analysis; Slovak Republic(SR) ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Sylvia Jencova, Management, University of Presov in Presov, Konstantinova 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


60

ANALYSIS OF THE MILK PRODUCTION AND MILK PRICE IN LATVIA

Liga Paura, Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia Irina Arhipova,Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia Abstract Dairy farming (milk production) is one of the important sectors in agriculture economic in Latvia. After joining the EU the dairy sector in Latvia has changed, small dairy farms could not complete the new technological requirements of milk production and it was the time when in the country the amount of dairy cows was reduced by 9.3% during the two years from 2003 to 2004. During the last ten years farms involved in commercial milk production often had substantial modernization, the farmers are motivated to improve cows keeping and feeding. The smaller number of dairy cows is partly offset by the regular growth of their milk yield. Thereby average milk yield per cow during the ten years has increased by 42% and has reached 6993 kg in 2014. Milk price is depending on the economic and political situation in the world; it is also influenced by the geographic location, seasonality, and raw materials (feed, electricity, fuel) prices. During the last 10 years the average milk price in Latvia has increased by 60% with variation during the seasons therefore the purpose of this paper is to analysis the milk supply and demand to its price, using the forecasting models.

Keywords:milk suplly, decomposing model, forecasting model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Liga Paura, Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela street 2, Jelgava, LV 3001, Latvia E-mail address:[email protected]


61

CHANGES OF THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN THE EU IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC

CRISIS

Ani Matei, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration (NSPSPA), Povernei, No 6, Bucharest, 010643, Romania

Andrei Calapod, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration (NSPSPA), Povernei, No 6, Bucharest, 010643, Romania

Abstract The financial and economic crisis strongly struck the European Union at a time when it was experiencing a period of prolonged growth. It was maybe the most affected entity in the world, taking into consideration the fact that a debt crisis followed right after the financial one. In order for the European integration to go on, the decision makers had to tackle the issues in a very fast and different manner. Otherwise, these could’ve ended the Eurozone’s existence and the EU itself, if not addressed effectively.Based on the hypothesis that changes have occurred at the decision level in regards to the actors, procedures, quantity, ways of taking decisions and not only, this paper aims to show the extent to which the crisis influenced the decision making process and the decisions themselves.

Keywords: financial and economic crisis, decision making process, EU decisions, influence,changes ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ani Matei, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration (NSPSPA), Povernei, No 6, Bucharest, 010643, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


62

THE VALANCES OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN RELATIONSHIP WITH THE INTERNAL CONTROL –

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Danescu Tatiana Tatiana, Petru Maior”University of Tîrgu Mures, 1 Nicolae Iorga Street, 540088, Tîrgu -Mureş, ROMANIA

Prozan Mihaela Mihaela,Romanian scientific and applied research” Contract POSDRU/159/1.5/S/140106, beneficiary Global Economy Institute, ROMANIA

Prozan Roxana Roxana, Decembrie” University of Alba Iulia, 11-13.N. Iorga Street, Alba Iulia, ROMANIA

Abstract

In a market which is competitive and affected by systemic risks that endanger the good, secure and continuous functioning of activities, the entities generate behaviors which mark rights and obligations that highlight the necessity of adequate leadership and control systems, through which a rigorous management of the risks that could affect the targeted objectives is insured. Actually, these objectives are facilitated by the existence of an independent function that evaluates the processes of governance, internal control and risk management. From this perspective, the internal audit, which is an objective and independent function, through its formulated opinions and recommendations, it supplies reasonable insurances to the management, which gives it an essential role in the frame of the analyzed relationship. This study proposes testing this hypothesis, so that the carried research has focused on the identification of new valences through which the internal audit could contribute to the improvement of the corporate governance.

Keywords: corporate governance, audit intern, risks, internal control, system,process ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Danescu Tatiana Tatiana, Petru Maior”University of Tîrgu Mures, 1 Nicolae Iorga Street, 540088, Tîrgu -Mureş, ROMANIA E-mail address:[email protected]


63

CURRENT TRENDS OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Jana Školudová, Czech, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic Zdeněk Brodský,Czech, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic

Abstract Modern human resource management emphasizes the need to create work tasks and positions according to the capabilities and preferences of each worker while respecting people's individuality. The goal of this report is to determine whether organizations support selected aspects of human resource management and what means/tools they use to do so. An overall comparison of the data acquired presents current trends and points to company activities in the field of human resource management likely to be ineffective. Furthermore, the use of the newest trends in the field of technology on effective leadership for managers is discussed in the report, and a concept for further research directions is outlined. The report tries to highlight the fact that, in the current knowledge economy, an organization's workers are considered to be their main competitive advantage and most important asset.

Keywords: management, human resource management, technology, employees, personell controlling organization ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Jana Školudová, Czech, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


64

VENTURE CAPITAL A CATALYST FOR START-UPS TO OVERCOME THE "VALLEY OF DEATH": LITHUANIAN CASE

Asta Savaneviciene, Kaunas University of technology,Lithuania Vitalija Venckuviene, Kaunas University of technolog,Lithuania Lina Girdauskiene, Kaunas University of technology,Lithuania

Abstract Research so far have indicated that start-ups in early stage of development encounter with the financial gap which limits companies’ ability both to innovate and to commercialise its products (valley of death) (Hudson & Khazragui, 2013). Moreover limited human capital, high uncertainty in terms of product and market, volatile development process, weak partnership ties is the utmost impediments for successful start-ups development (Fielden, Davidson and Makin, 2000). It has been finalised that venture capitalists are valuable contributors in both filling the financial gap (1), and providing value added services (2) like financial, technological, managerial support, and contacts (Hellmann, Puri 2002; Zarutskie, 2010; Chemmanur, Loutskina, & Tian, 2012; Dubocage, Rivaud-Danset & Redi, 2012; Caselli et al., 2009; Bertoni & Tykvová, 2012). Still the research on venture capital role on the start-ups performance is fragmented the impact on the companies’ performance indicators is revealed in some extent (Peneder, 2010). Having all mentioned the scientific problem emerges: what is the role of venture capital in start-ups development specifically on the performance indicators (turnover, number of employees). Keywords: problem emerges, venture capital, valuable contributors ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Asta Savaneviciene, Kaunas University of technology,Lithuania E-mail address:[email protected]


65

EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH EFFECT AND MONETARY POLICY IN MONGOLIA: SMALL OPEN ECONOMY DSGE

MODEL

Oyu-Erdene Buyandelger, Economics Department, The Institute of Finance and Economics, 13381, PeaceAvenue-5,Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Abstract This study is carried out in a small open economy New Keynesian DSGE model proposed by Monacelli (2005). As a result, firstly the exchange rate pass-through into import price and inflation is 0.69% and 0.49% respectively in short run. Secondly, the exchange rate acts as a shock absorber for domestic productivity and foreign demand shock. Thirdly, in case of incomplete pass-through the central bank of Mongolia is required to adjust the nominal interest rate more under the productivity shock. Therefore, considering incomplete pass-through is significant to improve the effectiveness of the monetary policy for the central bank of Mongolia.

Keywords: Incomplete exchange rate pass-through; monetary policy; small open economy DSGE model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Oyu-Erdene Buyandelger, Economics Department, The Institute of Finance and Economics, 13381, Peace Avenue-5,Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia E-mail address:[email protected]


66

THE GAME THEORY, ECONOMIC BEHAVIOUR AND INTERPERSONAL META-RELATIONSHIPS

Dedov N.P.,Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Abstract In article the interrelation between economic behaviuor, theories of games and psychology of the person is considered. Irrationality of activity of people in the sphere of economy leads to crises and problems. Formation meta-relationships allowexercising control of economic decisions. This interaction leads to achievement of mutual economic success. The interpersonal meta-relations harmoniously inscribe game theory in economics, mathematics and in psychology. Keywords: economic decisions, meta-relationships ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Dedov N.P., Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation E-mail address:[email protected]


67

ADMINISTRATIVE SIMPLIFICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS THE CASE OF ROMANIA

Ani Matei,School of Political Studies and Public Administration (NSPSPA), Expoziţiei, No 30A, Bucharest,

Romania Octavian Mircea Chesaru, School of Political Studies and Public Administration (NSPSPA), Expoziţiei, No 30A,

Bucharest, Romania Abstract The economic crisis has developed new challenges for public institutions in the EU member states. These institutions experience a notable economic pressure on their decisional process. The EU has been boosting the member states to reduce the ‘administrative burden’ of public institutions by promoting measures of institutional and legislative adaptation to the challenges set by the crisis, measures appropriate to the techniques of adaptive public management.The goal of this article is to analyze the administrative simplification processes undertaken as a result of the implementation of adaptive public management in the Romanian pubic administration. The targeted fields of reform analyzed relate to public investments, public expenditure, public procurement, the fiscal policy, the level of beaurocratisation, and the support for business development. Keywords: administrative burden, debeaurocratisation, economic efficiency, fiscal policy, business development, REFIT ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ani MateiSchool of Political Studies and Public Administration (NSPSPA), Expoziţiei, No 30A, Bucharest, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


68

THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL E-COMMERCE EXTENSION: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Rima Fayad, Lebanese University, IUT, Saida, Lebanon David Paper, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA Electronic-commerce has become an important channel for conducting business. Researchers as well as market executives are trying to better understand online consumer behavior. One model used by researchers to understand behavior in the information systems field in general is the technology acceptance model (TAM). The TAM variables are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intentions. In this study, we suggest the extension of the TAM for its application in the E-commerce field. The original TAM will be extended, by adding four predictor variables. The four predictor variables are process satisfaction, outcome satisfaction, expectations, and E-commerce use. In addition, the TAM will be extended by measuring actual behavior as opposed to measuring intentions as a substitute for actual behavior in previous TAM application studies. We suggest measuring actual use variable in terms of four criterion variables, namely, purchase, access number, access total time, and access average time. The extended TAM is expected to better explain actual behavior in E-commerce environments than the original TAM.

Keywords:Technology Acceptance Model; User Satisfaction; Process Satisfaction; Outcome Satisfaction; Intentions; Actual Behavior; Behavioral Expectations; E-commerce ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Rima Fayad, Lebanese University, IUT, Saida, Lebanon E-mail address:[email protected]


69

THE EFFECT OF VISUAL PRODUCT AESTHETICS ON CONSUMERS’ PRICE SENSITIVITY

Yiğit Mumcu, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, ESOGÜ Meşelik Campus, 26480 Eskişehir,Türkiye Halil Semih Kimzan, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, ESOGÜ Meşelik Campus, 26480 Eskişehir,Türkiye Abstract In today's world, due to renewed and changing consumer demands and the rapidly developing technological factors, companies and managers are in search of new strategies to make a difference in their products and services. As competition increased marketers started to focus on new approaches and product innovations to attract consumers' perception and attention. One of the most effective ways of differentiating is using aesthetics. Visual aesthetics of products creates value for consumers. Visual aesthetics create significant value for product and makes it more special. Also, level of price sensitivity of consumer decreases when the product is more unique and prestigious. This study aims to investigate the relationship between visual aesthetics of products and consumers’ price sensitivity. The data of the study is collected via a survey form from 510 respondents from Eskişehir. The results revealed that visual aesthetics of products and also its sub-dimensions including value, acumen, and response are negatively associated with consumers’ price sensitivity. Explanatory power of response dimension was higher than its counterparts. Keywords: Visual Product Aesthetics, Value, Acumen, Response, Pric Sensitivity ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Yiğit Mumcu, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, ESOGÜ Meşelik Campus, 26480 Eskişehir E-mail address:[email protected]


70

PRIORITIES OF PHYSICAL ENTITIES SELECTING CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AND CREDIT TYPES: LITHUANIAN CASE

Rita Remeikiene, Faculty of Economics and Finance Management Mykolas Romeris University Ilona Alisauskaite-Seskiene3, Faculty of Economics and Finance Management Mykolas Romeris University Ligita Gaspareniene, Faculty of Economics and Finance Management Mykolas Romeris University Abstract The study is aimed at identification of the priorities of physical entities while selecting credit institutions and credit types in Lithuanian borrowing market. The methods of the research include the analysis of the scientific literature, statistical data analysis, questionnaire survey (quantitative research), descriptive statistics and cross-variable analysis. The research has enabled to identify the priorities of physical entities while selecting credit institutions and credit types in Lithuanian borrowing market. It has also revealed the link between the physical entities’ interest in the financial indicators of particular credit institutions and the types of the obtained credits.

Keywords:Physical entities; credit institutions; credit types; Lithuania; borrowing market ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Rita Remeikiene,Faculty of Economics and Finance Management Mykolas Romeris University E-mail address:[email protected]


71

THE COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - A POSSIBLE APPROACH

Dan Cristian Duran, Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara, Romania

Luminita Maria Gogan, Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Alin Artene, olitehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara,

Romania Vasile Duran,olitehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara,

Romania Abstract

The sustainable development of society refers to three major components of human existence: economical, ecological and human. The first component is esential, in the sense that the aim of social and economical activity is to satisfy human needs or desires, resulting for the three dimensions of human existence: biological (present in the interactions with the physica, natural environment), social/collective/collective (as a member of some social groups), rational/psychological/spiritual (induced by internal traits, particular to one human being). The relation between economical growth and the protection of the environment is an essential problem in the approaching sustainable development because the approach of economical growth not only by GDP, without trying a quantification of medium and long term advantages, resulting from environmental protection is only a basic form, unacceptable in sustainable development analysis. The human component in sustainable development has a major role, because the concept of equity incorporate severa forms of manifestation in regards of sustainable evolution of human society.

Keywords: Sustainable development; human; economical ecological ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Dan Cristian Duran, Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


72

SHIFT SCHEDULING WITH FUZZY LOGIC: AN APPLICATION WITH AN INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL

Yiğit Kazançoğlu, İzmir University Of Economics · İşletme Fakültesi,İzmir Muhittin Sagnak, İzmir University Of Economics · İşletme Fakültesi,izmir

Abstract

The shift scheduling, which is one of the most crucial processes in order to increase efficiency and decrease labor costs, is a common phenomenon in both manufacturing and service organizations such as airlines, security services, fire stations, etc. In order to meet changing demand and keep responsiveness and flexibility, the shift scheduling includes the scheduling of manpower by assigning employees to shifts determined by types, length, and the number breaks. The types of shifts may present variety such as part time and full time shifts. The breaks also show variety like lunch breaks, short rests, and compulsory reasons based on the occupational health and safety or necessities for maintenance. To overwhelm this complexity, this paper recommends an integer-programming model integrated with fuzzy logic due to the vagueness inherited to the nature of decision-making process in order to provide flexibility in shift lengths, and lower the total labor costs. Keywords: fuzzy logic, present variety, scheduling includes ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Yiğit Kazançoğlu, İzmir University Of Economics · İşletme Fakültesi E-mail address:[email protected]


73

CSR REPORTING AS AN IMPORTANT TOOL OF CSR COMMUNICATION

Katarína Moravčíková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina

010 26, Slovakia Ľubica Štefániková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010

26, Slovakia Martina Rypáková,University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010

26, Slovakia Abstract The article focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the importance of reports within communication of CSR. 1953 is considered to be a breakthrough year, when it was first referred to the definition of social responsibility. CSR is a trend that appeals to change of business orientation from short-term to long-term goals and from maximum to optimum profit. CSR reports, respectively triple-bottom-line reports have become tool of communication for Corporate Social Responsibility. Those are a voluntary comprehensive reports involving not only economic data, but also information from environmental and social field. These reports tell about the company policy in relationship to the environment, sustainability, or there are directly focused on fulfilling the commitments accepted by the company within the concept of social responsibility. CSR report can help to bring a systematic approach into the management of socially responsible activities, identify future risks and opportunities and thereby contribute to increasing the competitiveness of business and maintain the possibility for long-term business venture. Information is not only for the company, but also on the basis of them enterprise can partly to create decision-making process of different types of stakeholders. This article points out how the CSR report is used by businesses and how socially responsible activities through CSR reports are perceived by Slovak customer. We will use secondary information collected from marketing agencies surveys and primary information collected from own survey. We will use these methods: analysis, synthesis and deduction. Keywords: CSR report, CSR communication, customers,company ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Katarína Moravčíková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


74

INNOVATION VOUCHERS AS A SEGMENT OF REGIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY

Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic

Ruzena Stemberkova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic

Linda Lososova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic

Petr Zdralek, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic

Petra Maresova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic

Kamil Kuca, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic

Abstract Innovation vouchers are small lines of credit provided by governments to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to purchase services from public knowledge providers with a view to introducing innovations new products, processes or services in their business operations.Innovation voucher has been implemented in Czech republic since 2009 and the project quickly inspired other regions and today the company's innovation vouchers require total in eleven regions of the Czech Republic. By 2013 it was in the Czech Republic filed 1456 application issued 462 vouchers. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of innovation activities and to give an overview of implementation innovation vouchers as an effective tools of transfer technology and open innovation. Keywords: operations, Innovation voucher implemented ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic E-mail address:[email protected]


75

THE IMPACT OF COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH OF THE ENTERPRISES

Ľubica Štefániková, University of Žilina, Faculty of Operations and Economics of Transport and

Communications, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina , 010 26, Slovakia Martina Rypáková,University of Žilina, Faculty of Operations and Economics of Transport and

Communications, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina , 010 26, Slovakia Katarína Moravčíková,University of Žilina, Faculty of Operations and Economics of Transport and

Communications, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina , 010 26, Slovakia Abstract This paper is focused on the better use of knowledge of enterprises to support their sustainable growth and innovation. The aim is to describe the positive impact of competitive intelligence on sustainable growth of the enterprises through the quantitative marketing research, which was conducted in the Slovak enterprises during 2014. Our attention in this research was focused inter alia on that if the implementation and subsequent use of competitive intelligence in terms of the Slovak republic leads to an improvement in the competitive position of businesses and increasing of their market share. Keywords: Competition; knowledge; competitive intelligence; sustainable growth;benefits ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ľubica Štefániková, University of Žilina, Faculty of Operations and Economics of Transport and Communications E-mail address:[email protected]


76

THE OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - WAYS TO ACHIEVE WELFARE

Dan Cristian Duran,Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara, Romania

Alin Artene, Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara, Romania

Luminita Maria Gogan, Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara, Romania

Vasile Duran,Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara, Romania

Abstract A sustainable development must be backed up by economical growth, in line with the requirments for ecological balance and the entire human development. Regarding sustainable development, there are several relevant conclusions. These are: sustainable development is a global aim; analysis of sustainable development implies a systematical approach of the economico-social-ecological three-way system; sustainable development implies a profund change in the mentality of the social system. Therefore, the acceptance of sustainable development ideas is heavily required by the recognition of the fact that the past models for economical growth, all have limitations and flaws. As an answer for the above conclusions, it can attach three categories of economical objectives to sustainable development. These objectives are: economical objectives, social objectives (welfare and equity) and ecological objectives (biodiversity and resources).

Keywords: Sustainable development; welfare; equity; biodiversity resources ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Dan Cristian Duran,Politehnica University Timisoara, Management Faculty, 14 Remus str., 300191 Timisoara, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


77

STRATEGIC BUSINESS PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ON THE BASE OF CONTROLLING AND BUSINESS

INTELLIGENCE

Roman ZÁMEČNÍK, Tomas Bata University in Zlín,Nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic Rastislav RAJNOHA, Tomas Bata University in Zlín,Nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic

Abstract

The paper present selected research results related to strategic business performance management carried out in Slovak industry enterprises.Measuring and managing of business performanceis a complex anddifficult process, whichat the present timein thetheoryandcorporatepracticepass the significantchanges. The theoretical part of the paper provides a detailed characterisation of the current state of affairs regarding the investigated strategic business performance management issue. We alsoanalyzethe possibilityof controllingand controllinginformation support, based on Business Intelligenceforthe purpose of strategic business performance management. The following part of the paper defines the basic research methodology and expected contributions of the study. The aim of the paper is also to analyse and synthetize findings regarding the chosen, mainly not traditional methods and models, which have started to be used for strategic business performance management. The results of ourempiricalscientific studyprovides an interestingandvaluable findingsthattheoverall performanceof industrial enterprises, it is necessary to lookcomprehensivelystrategicallyandnot justin financial terms. Based on of our research, werecommend for industryenterprises to apply selected methodsand modelsof strategic business performance management. Keywords:Business intelligence,controlling, strategic performance management, performance measurement ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Roman ZÁMEČNÍK, Tomas Bata University in Zlín , Nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


78

CORPORATE INFORMATICS AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Petr Doucek, University of Economics, Prague, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Czech Republic Milos Maryska, University of Economics, Prague, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Czech Republic Lea Nedomova, University of Economics, Prague, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Czech Republic Abstract The current situation in the world of ICT standards and standards in general that more or less influence ICT can be described as a huge number of documents and methods that are very different yet trying to manage the very same thing in different ways and manners. A typical example can be the standards ISO/IEC 38500, CobiT Framework and ITIL that approach corporate informatics management differently but try to achieve the same goal, i.e. a purposeful and effective provision of corporate informatics services to the organization’s principal and secondary processes. In general, we can say that the importance of standards and their best practices keeps growing, which is proven e.g. by: Keywords: IT governance, ICT management, international norms, strategic management, corporate informatics ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Petr Doucek, University of Economics, Prague, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


79

RATING AS A USEFUL TOOL FOR CREDIT RISK MEASUREMENT

Ivana Weissová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics,

010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic Anna Siekelová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics,

010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic Boris Kollár, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, 010 26

Žilina, Slovak republic Abstract

The present contribution deals with the issue of credit risk and rating, which is one of the useful tools for measuring to credit risk. Ratingandcredit riskare closelylinked.In general, we can define credit risk as the probability of loss from a debtor's default. While rating is like a meter, by which it should be possible to compare two borrowers and determine, which of them has more likely, that in the end he pays for his obligation. In the rating process are systematic processed information about enterprise´s developments from its past and the future outlook. Hard facts are calculated from the financial statements of the company through the implementation of financial-economic analysis. So, hard facts provide a reliable statement about of the financial stability of the company and its financial health. The values of indicators, which are achieved, are combined according to their significance and then they are transferred to the internal rating scale. Then this value is used to express quantitative rating of enterprise. Present contribution is going to deal with calculation of hard facts and quantitative criteria for rating measurement. Rating assignment is going to be carried out on a model example. Hard facts are going to be determined based on the financial statements of the selected company and the rating is going to be assigned according to the rating scale which is going to be established for model example.

Keywords: rating, credit risk, hard facts, and financial analysis ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ivana Weissová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic E-mail address:[email protected]


80

PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT BY WORK AND TIME STUDY TECHNIQUE FOREARTH ENERGY - GLASS

MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Cengiz Duran, Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kütahya 43000, Turkey

Aysel Çetindere, Balıkesir University, Dursunbey Vocational School, Balıkesir 10000, Turkey Yunus Emre Aksu, Dumlupınar University, Science Specialist, Kütahya 43000, Turkey Abstract Production and trade growth opportunities brought about by globalization and increased competition, productivity growth requires in business. Sources declined with each passing day, constantly increasing needs. This in turn increases the need for businesses to use resources more efficiently. Work and time study techniques is raising the efficiency of utilization of the factors of production have been used for all manufacturing and service sectors as a scientific approach.In the content of study a firm that produces teaglass is analysed in terms work/time during the process of model production. In order to measureefficiency of tea glass models, time survey is made and by the help of that method standardized time iscalculated. Actual time and standardized time is compared and as a result it is aimed thatmeasuring inevitable times and take necessary precautions against them. As a result of the study, waiting time cause inefficiency in the work of molder and in the content of work/time, efficiency is increased 53percent and model production capacity is reached at 237. Keywords:Glass production, work-study, time study, productivity ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Cengiz Duran,Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kütahya 43000, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


81

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE FDI INVESTOR’S PROFILE BY ENTRY MODES IN

MANUFACTURING AT THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL IN ROMANIA

Aniela Raluca Danciu, Academy of Economic Studies, No.6,Place Romana,Bucharest, Romania

Abstract The foreign direct investments can be considered the motor that have sustained the evolution of the centralized former communist East-European economies into open competitive market systems. They have contributed to the productive and technological development of many East-European countries. The choice of location is becoming increasingly important, requiring a better understanding of the internationalization process and of the factors influencing the spatial distribution of FDI. There have been numerous empirical studies that have focused on identifying the main determinants of FDI localization (Head et al., 1995; Friedman et al., 1992, Nachum and Wymbs, 2005, Campos and Kinoshita, 2003; Resmini, 2004; Boudier-Bensebaa, 2005, but the studies regarding the importance of regional differences in the understanding of FDI configuration and their modes of entry (Calderon et al,2004, Alvarez and Marin,2010) are not enough.The goal of this paper is to provide a clear description of the similarities and of the differences between the two investor types by entry modes:greenfield foreign direct investors and mergers and acquisitions foreign direct investors, at national and regional level,using the data provided by the National Bank of Romania for the period 2005-2013 anddata collected using a questionnaire and were further analyzed using the SPSS software.The regional data, for this investigation, is in line with the Nomenclature of Territorial Unites for Statistics (NUTS) level 2.

Keywords: Greenfield FDI,mergers and acquisitions FDI, foreign direct investment, regional disparities ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Aniela Raluca Danciu,Academy of Economic Studies, No.6,Place Romana,Bucharest, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


82

TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS FOR AUDITING DATABASES

Loan RUS,Petru Maior” University, Tîrgu Mureș, Nicolae Iorga,no.1, Tîrgu Mureș, 540088, Romania

Abstract This paper aims at identifying and presenting tools and techniques to help perform IT database audit. The study summarizes the issues relating to the national and international IT audit regulations. It highlights the key differences between audit and other forms of economic audit (e.g. financial, internal or statutory). The paper presents the main components of IT audit, namely data center audit, computer network audit, operating system audit, Internet servers audit, database auditing, application auditing, external access flows IT audit (e.g. radio access, access from mobile devices). Practical aspects of the study describe database auditing as an important element of IT audit process. Current trends are presented for processing and storing data in relationship with data storage centers, cloud processing and inclusion of mobile devices as data access terminals. The author makes a presentation of database components that are relevant to database audit. Database audited components concern: file system database, data dictionary, database objects, database customer analysis, data protection and backup system, security and data protection from database. The last part of the paper is dedicated to preparing a new practical approach regarding the audit steps and technical means used in databes auditing. Finally, the author emphasizes the importance of database auditing, of data security and of the need to develop new technical auditing methods which are to be in consensus with the rapid development of Information Technology Keywords: IT auditing; tools and technology; IT audit standards; embedded computing systems; data center; client/server arhitecture; practical ideas; cloud computing; information technologies ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ioan RUS, Petru Maior” University, Tîrgu Mureș, Nicolae Iorga,no.1, Tîrgu Mureș, 540088, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


83

ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED AS A MEASUREMENT TOOL OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF A BUSINESS

Jakub Šalaga, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina Slovakia Viera Bartošová, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics,Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina Slovakia Eva Kicová, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina Slovakia Abstract The value-based concept of measuring business performance has its theoretical basis in economic profit. The idea of economic profit is based on the existence of opportunity costs that are very well known in the economic theory. The article deals with measurement of the economic profit by the Economic Value Added indicator. It points out, that when considering the economic profit and its measurement one must first distinguish the theoretical basis of the concept, forms of application and possibilities of application in practice. The gathered data and the transformation of this data from the form provided by the accounting into the desired patterns, respectively into the structures of Economic Value Added plays a key role in these processes. The aim of this paper is to present one of the possible methods of calculating the EVA indicator in conditions of Slovak companies and accounting legislation in Slovakia. Primary data as well as secondary data were used for the purpose of this paper, along with various methods such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, etc.

Keywords: Value based management, shareholder value, economic value added, capital, equity, debt, and cost of capital ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Jakub Šalaga, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


84

ROLE OF ETHICAL FACTORS IN 5S AND TPM IMPLEMENTATION: STUDY OF KURDISH CEMENT

INDUSTRY, IRAQ Jamal Ahmed Hama Kareem,Management, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),

Malaysia Noraini Abu Talib,Management, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Abstract Organizations pursue policies and strategies to gain competitive advantage against their competitors. To overcome cost issues and production quality issues, many organizations adopt lean manufacturing techniques such as 5S and TPM. However, many of these organizations especially in developing countries face problems in effective and successful implementation of these techniques 5S and TPM. This is mainly due to lack of employee related factors that are not considered when organizations adopt these techniques. The present study attempts to investigate the role of ethical factors in the implementation of 5S and TPM. The results of the study reveal that manager-subordinate relationship (empowerment) is having insignificant influence on the implementation of 5S and TPM; while ethical training and ethical instructions and commands are found to be influential in the implementation of these techniques Keywords: 5S, TPM, manager-subordinate relationship, ethical training, ethical instructions and commands, developing country, Iraq ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jamal Ahmed Hama Kareem,Management, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia E-mail address:[email protected]


85

INCOME VARIABILITY IN ROMANIA: DECOMPOSING INCOME INEQUALITY BY HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS

Eva Militaru, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, 6-8 Povernei Str,

Bucharest, 010643, Romania Larisa Stanila,National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, 6-8 Povernei Str,

Bucharest, 010643, Romania Abstract This paper aims at contributing to the better understanding of the determinants of income inequality in Romania. Income inequality is still high in Romania and has remained almost unchanged during the past 15 years, in spite of prevalent positive economic evolutions and considerable governmental concerns translated into social and fiscal policy changes. Neither economic growth, nor the economic crisis that followed during recent years, has been equally distributed across all households. The size of household income varies with socioeconomic characteristics, such as educational level, age, status in employment, area of residence, etc. The contribution of our paper lies in the decomposition of income inequality by groups of households constructed based on socio-economic characteristics and the estimation of between and within group inequality. We assess the size of income inequality by using the Theil inequality index and the estimations are based on EU-SILC data for Romania. Our findings suggest that education and status in employment are amongst the main determinants of income variability. Keywords: income inequality, decomposition, Theil index, household characteristics ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Eva Militaru, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, 6-8 Povernei Str, Bucharest, 010643, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


86

GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL ANALYST'S JOB IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL FIELD

Stefan-Duicu Viorica Mirela, Valahia University of Targoviste, 35th Stancu Ion Street, Targoviste, 130105,

Nicolae Titulescu University,Calea Vacaresti, 04005, Romania Stefan-Duicu Adrian,Valahia University of Targoviste, 35th Stancu Ion St reet, Targoviste, 130105

Abstract

The financial analyst, as a user of the accounting information represents an extremely strong link in the global financial and accounting fields. It is a well-rated specialist within the company, as the job he does is characterized as being performance and bringing enhancements and/or improvement recommendations to the organizational environment. This paper aims at highlighting the positioning of the financial analyst job within this extensive economic dimension based on pre-established criteria. The research methods are both quantitative and qualitative and are meant to support the scientific process that was therefore created. The initial demarche of this paper consist in the presentation of the top functions within the financial and accounting field by starting from an informational framework needed to process the data and by continuing with the application of the actual methods.The results of the research contains relevant information in the financial and accounting fields and are aiming in supporting the clarification of the hierarchy of the globally top important jobs in finance and accounting.

Keywords: financial analyst, finance and accounting, Borda Count method, competitivity ranking

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Stefan-Duicu Viorica Mirela, , Valahia University of Targoviste, 35th Stancu Ion Street, Targoviste, 130105, Nicolae Titulescu University,Calea Vacaresti, 04005, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


87

TO THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE CHOICE: MILLER AND MODIGLIANI MODEL

Viera - Bartošová, University of Žilina, University science park, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina 010 07, Slovakia

Jaroslav - Jaroš,University of Žilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina 010 07, Slovakia

Abstract Over the last 50 years several theories of capital structure have been formulated, their authors are mainly economists from Anglo-Saxon countries. Theories were extended to the whole world from these countries, where they were further elaborated, tested, simplified and adapted to correspondent with the particular context of national economies, industries and specific companies. The main problem associated with their practical application is that the validity of the various theories is not universal. These theories and their outcomes are valid only under certain conditions and with certain limitations. The conflict arises also between the outcomes and recommendations of the various theories that are often mutually exclusive. In this work we analyse the most famous theoretical model of the capital structure, the model of M.H. Miller and F. Modigliani Keywords: MM model; capital structure; market value of company; return on capital ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Viera Bartošová, University of Žilina, University science park, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina 010 07, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


88

"INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR CEE COUNTRIES"

Andreea Maria Pece, candidate, Finance Department, Faculty of Economics Sciences and Business Administration

Olivera Ecaterina Oros, candidate, Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics, Valahia University, Targoviste

Simona Florina Salisteanu, candidate, Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics, Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania

Abstract

The innovation, R&D expenditures and the investments in technology are premises forensuring competitivenessand progress, and through themasustainable economic growth. A sustained level of education of the workforce,increasing investments in research area,the creation of the new products and the facile access of investorsto stock markets, firstly,will ensure the development of the private and public sectors, andsecondly, will improve the living conditions of the population.The purpose of this paper is to analyze if the long term economic growth is influenced by the innovation potential of an economy. Our analysis was performed by using a panel model and patent and R&D expenditures data for five CEE countries, namely Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech Republic and Poland. In order to quantify the innovation we have used various variables, such as number of patents, number of trademarks, R&D expenditures. The results provide evidence of a positive relationship between economic growth and innovation

Keywords: economic growth, innovation, education,research and development, CEE countries

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Andreea Maria Pece, , candidate, Finance Department, Faculty of Economics Sciences and Business Administration, E-mail address:[email protected]


89

WAGE SHARE AS A FACTOR OF INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY’S STRUCTURE

Aleksandra Mihnenoka, Faculty of Engineering Economics andManagement, Riga Technical University, Kalnciema street 6, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia

Maija Senfelde, Faculty of Engineering Economics and Management, Riga Technical University, Kalnciema street 6, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia

Abstract This paper focuses on the quantitative examination of the wage share in the countries of the EU from 2008 to 2012, applying a division of national economy by three main sectors. The aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of employment structure and its changes, and the changes of the wage share inside the sectors on the aggregate wage share and its alterations during a short- term period. The conducted research showed that the levels of the weighted wage share, corresponding to the employment structure, were: the lowest – in agriculture, the highest – in the service sector. Furthermore, the shift of the aggregate wage share was mostly affected by the decline in the primary and secondary sectors, which was generally based on the decrease of employed people. The results also displayed that in several countries the wage shares declined because of the reduction of the wages and salaries rather than value-added. Keywords:labour,income,wageshare,employment,structure,nationaleconomy,sectors ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Aleksandra Mihnenoka, Faculty of Engineering Economics andManagement, Riga Technical University, Kalnciema street 6, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia Email address:[email protected]


90

EVALUATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAMMES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AS

DRIVERS OF REGIONAL GROWTH

Veronika Bikse, University of Liepaja Management Sciences Institute, Lielā iela 14, LV-3401, Latvia Ieva Brence, RISEBA University, Meza Stret 3, Rīga, LV-1048. Baiba Rivza, University of Liepaja Management Sciences Institute, Lielā iela 14, LV-3401, Latvia Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the higher education programmes concentrating on the strengths that regional higher education institutions of Latvia have and defining challenges to be achieved in the regional higher education programmes. More than 200 experts were involved in the programmes’ evaluation, inter alia from foreign countries. The research was based on theoretical concepts, data gained in the framework of the project and interviews with the project experts. 860 study programmes were evaluated during the implementation of the project, inter alia more than 100 in the regional higher education institutions. The conclusion can be made that there are a number of strong points in Latvian higher education system – study programmes correspond to their objectives, students are involved in decision making process, and interaction between students and academic staff is ensured. At the same time more critical thinking as well as foreign language skills should be integrated in the study process in the regional higher education programmes. Keywords:Evaluation, Higher Education, Study Programmes, and Regional Growth ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Veronika Bikse,University of Liepaja Management Sciences Institute, Lielā iela 14, LV-3401, Latvia E-mail address:[email protected]


91

FLOW PHENOMENON AS A TOURIST EXPERIENCE IN PARAGLIDING: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Reyhan Arslan Ayazlar,Adnan Menderes University, Didim Vocational School, Aydın 09270, Turke

Abstract Tourist experience has become popular recently. There are some customer experience approaches in the literature. One of them is flow theory which has intrinsic rewards. Flow theory as a good material to understand tourists’ experience has researched in many studies like web and education applications. Though it’s also investigated in adventure activities and the importance of the concept, limited research has been carried out. Paragliding is an exciting form of air adventure that satisfies the tourists’ need, thereby explaining why it has become a popular adventure activity. Although a few studies have analysed multiple tourist experience, there is still a lack of research adopting the flow experience perspective to understand tourist experiences when participating in paragliding activities. Therefore this study adopts the concept of flow phenomenon to examine the tourist experience in paragliding. The study asked the attendees the extent to which they experienced flow. Open-ended questionnaire was conducted to gather data. The study employs content analytic procedures to analyse open-ended questionnaires to directly elicit attendees’ flow experience. According to results, gliders experience challenge-skill balance, a sense of control, time distortion, clear goals, and focused attention dimensions of flow theory. Results of this study provide baseline data on the existence of flow phenomenon in the paragliding environment. It also provides knowledge about the factors associated with the flow experience and attendees’ feelings and enjoyments in paragliding. Finally, the research findings and theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. Keywords: Flow theory; paragliding; adventure tourism; tourist experience ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Reyhan Arslan Ayazlar, Adnan Menderes University, Didim Vocational School, Aydın 09270, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


92

MODIFICATIONS OF EVA IN VALUE BASED MANAGEMENT

Viera Berzáková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Viera Bartošová, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Eva Kicová, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Abstract

This article deals with the value-based management and the metrics used in it. Nowadays, one of the basic requirements on the company is creation of value for the shareholders and that is why managers have adopted value-oriented methods to be able to measure any change of value. In the past, managers of many companies were focused on the main economic objective, which they considered to be the maximization of profits. But this attitude was not sufficient to satisfy the requirements of shareholders, because their preferences lie in the value of the company. There will be described the most common value-oriented indicator, economic value added (EVA), in the article. The developer of the EVA concept is Stern Stewart & Company. They criticized the traditional indicators as ROA, ROI, PAT, and EPS etc. for their characteristic and the weak explanatory power in terms of value creation. Company valuation through EVA is an appropriate mean to determine creditworthiness of a company. The EVA calculation also provides valuable information for various areas of management. This metric is quantifying the value that was added as a result of the implementation of operational activities during the reference period. Moreover, there are many modifications of the EVA used in practice, such as MVA, CVA, SVA, RONA that will be described and compared in the article.

Keywords: Economic Value Added; value of the company; shateholders; stakeholder ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Viera Berzáková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


93

INNOVATION VOUCHERS AS A SEGMENT OF REGIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGY

Pavla Matulova, Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management,

Hradec Kralove, Czech republic Ruzena Stemberkova, Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and

Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic Linda Lososova, Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management,

Hradec Kralove, Czech republic Petr Zdralek, Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec

Kralove, Czech republic Petra Maresova, Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management,

Hradec Kralove, Czech republic Kamil Kuca, Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec

Kralove, Czech republic Abstract Innovation vouchers are small lines of credit provided by governments to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to purchase services from public knowledge providers with a view to introducing innovations new products, processes or services in their business operations.Innovation voucher has been implemented in Czech republic since 2009 and the project quickly inspired other regions and today the company's innovation vouchers require total in eleven regions of the Czech Republic. By 2013 it was in the Czech Republic filed 1456 application issued 462 vouchers. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of innovation activities and to give an overview of implementation innovation vouchers as an effective tools of transfer technology and open innovation.

Keywords: processes, state of innovation, implementation ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Pavla Matulova, Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic E-mail address:[email protected]


94

CSR REPORTING AS AN IMPORTANT TOOL OF CSR COMMUNICATION

Katarína Moravčíková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Ľubica Štefániková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Martina Rypáková,University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Abstract The article focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the importance of reports within communication of CSR. 1953 is considered to be a breakthrough year, when it was first referred to the definition of social responsibility. CSR is a trend that appeals to change of business orientation from short-term to long-term goals and from maximum to optimum profit. CSR reports, respectively triple-bottom-line reports have become tool of communication for Corporate Social Responsibility. Those are a voluntary comprehensive reports involving not only economic data, but also information from environmental and social field. These reports tell about the company policy in relationship to the environment, sustainability, or there are directly focused on fulfilling the commitments accepted by the company within the concept of social responsibility. CSR report can help to bring a systematic approach into the management of socially responsible activities, identify future risks and opportunities and thereby contribute to increasing the competitiveness of business and maintain the possibility for long-term business venture. Information is not only for the company, but on the basis of them enterprise can partly to create decision-making process of different types of stakeholders.This article points out how the CSR report is used by businesses and how socially responsible activities through CSR reports are perceived by Slovak customer. We will use secondary information collected from marketing agencies surveys and primary information collected from own survey. We will use these methods: analysis, synthesis and deduction

Keywords: CSR report, CSR communication, customers,company

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Katarína Moravčíková, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


95

IMPROVEMENT OF COMPANY MARKETING STRATEGY BASED ON GOOGLE SEARCH RESULTS ANALYSIS

Marek Ďurica, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Quantitative

Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic Lucia Švábová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Quantitative

Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic Abstract Google is now probably the most widely used Internet searching tool. Most companies that sell their goods or services electronically try to reach that customers will be able to find their offer through Google search. The person or company who searches for a product or service through Google enters keywords into the search. Then the customer chooses from the first few offers most frequently. It is therefore in the interest of every company that sells some products to be placed in a leading position of this search. However, how to achieve this goal? The paper deals with the analysis and quantification of some characteristics of companies that may affect their ranking in local search results using the search domain Google. In the paper we try to experimentally determine which factors affect ranking in Google search. Of course, it is necessary to quantify the impact of these factors. To select these factors and to determine their impact, we use exact methods of mathematical statistics, hypothesis testing, and correlation and regression analysis. Confirmation and quantification of the impact of some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the firm can be used to formulate recommendations for improving corporate strategy of the firm for acquiring new customers. Keywords: Google search; Electronic commerce; Ranking in google

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Marek Ďurica, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic E-mail address:[email protected]


96

SHIFT SCHEDULING WITH FUZZY LOGIC: AN APPLICATION WITH AN INTEGER PROGRAMMING MODEL

Yiğit Kazançoğlu, İzmir University of Economics Department of Business Administration Muhittin Sagnak, İzmir University of Economics Department of Business Administration Abstract The shift scheduling, which is one of the most crucial processes in order to increase efficiency and decrease labor costs, is a common phenomenon in both manufacturing and service organizations such as airlines, security services, fire stations, etc. In order to meet changing demand and keep responsiveness and flexibility, the shift scheduling includes the scheduling of manpower by assigning employees to shifts determined by types, length, and the number breaks. The types of shifts may present variety such as part time and full time shifts. The breaks also show variety like lunch breaks, short rests, and compulsory reasons based on the occupational health and safety or necessities for maintenance. To overwhelm this complexity, this paper recommends an integer-programming model integrated with fuzzy logic due to the vagueness inherited to the nature of decision-making process in order to provide flexibility in shift lengths, and lower the total labor costs. Keywords: variety, vagueness inherited, lexibility

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Yiğit Kazançoğlu, İzmir University of Economics Department of Business Administration E-mail address:[email protected]


97

THE VALANCES OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IN RELATIONSHIP WITH THE INTERNAL CONTROL –

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Danescu Tatiana Tatiana, Petru Maior”University of Tîrgu Mures, 1 Nicolae Iorga Street, 540088, Tîrgu -Mureş, ROMANIA

Prozan Mihaela Mihaela, studies Horizon 2000: promoting the national interest through excellence, competition and responsibility in the fundamental Romanian scientific and applied research” Contract POSDRU/159/1.5/S/140106, beneficiary Global Economy Institute, ROMANIA

Prozan Roxana Roxana, Decembrie” University of Alba Iulia, 11-13.N. Iorga Street, Alba Iulia, ROMANIA

Abstract

In a market which is competitive and affected by systemic risks that endanger the good, secure and continuous functioning of activities, the entities generate behaviors which mark rights and obligations that highlight the necessity of adequate leadership and control systems, through which a rigorous management of the risks that could affect the targeted objectives is insured. Actually, these objectives are facilitated by the existence of an independent function that evaluates the processes of governance, internal control and risk management. From this perspective, the internal audit, which is an objective and independent function, through its formulated opinions and recommendations, it supplies reasonable insurances to the management, which gives it an essential role in the frame of the analyzed relationship. This study proposes testing this hypothesis, so that the carried research has focused on the identification of new valences through which the internal audit could contribute to the improvement of the corporate governance.

Keywords: corporate governance, audit intern, risks, internal control, system,process

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Danescu Tatiana Tatiana, Petru Maior”University of Tîrgu Mures, 1 Nicolae Iorga Street, 540088, Tîrgu -Mureş, ROMANIA E-mail address:[email protected]


98

CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND REGULATORY CAPITAL OF FRENCH BANKS

Sameh Jouida, ISG, Higher Institute of Management of Sousse, Bp 763. 4000 Sousse, Tunisia Slaheddine Hellara, ISG, Higher Institute of Management of Tunis, Bardo 2000 Tunis, Tunisia

Abstract

Our paper consists mainly to shed light into the field of bank capital structure and regulatory capital. We use the panel data set of bank leverage and tier 1 capital ratio. Our dataset comprises the 172 French banks; commercial banks, cooperative banks, investment banks and saving banks covering the period of 2002 to 2012. We estimate models with generalized method of moments (GMM). Our results support both the theory of corporate finance and the buffer view, where a tendency towards the latter seems to be evident for banks. This is consistent with an effect of capital regulation on bank capital structure. We introduce also Tier 1 capital ratio as an explanatory variable to analyses the effect of capital regulation. However, Tier 1 capital total for banks seems to have increased. This implies that Risk-Weighted Assets increased, which may stem from internal model improvements. Furthermore, we show that the number of unprofitable, dividend-paying banks decreased. Our result indicates that this type of risk shifting, where equity holders are favored over debt holders. The issuance of equity seems to be applied as a last remedy used when earnings are declining. All these findings are confirmed after taking into account an alternative measure the regulatory capital ratio in order to examine the capital regulation compliance of banks. Our finding contributes to the lack of the literature by investigated in this field of research. Keywords: Capital Structure, leverage, Tier1 capital ratio, Regulatory capital, French bank ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Slaheddine Hellara, ISG, Higher Institute of Management of Sousse, Bp 763. 4000 Sousse, Tunisia E-mail address:[email protected]


99

BUSINESS PROCESS PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRACTICE

Roman Zámečník, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic Rastislav Rajnoha, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic Abstract The paper focuses on the presentation of selected research results related to business process performance measurement carried out in Czech and Slovak enterprises during the period of 2007-2014. There is an emphasis on intermingling and seeking out of mutual associations between theoretical presumptions, previously resolved projects, and realistic observations based on the outcomes of the research conducted and the methodology used. The theoretical part of the paper provides a detailed characterisation of the current state of affairs regarding the investigated performance measurement issue. The following part of the paper defines the basic research methodology and expected contributions of the study. The aim of the paper is also to analyse and synthesize findings regarding the chosen, mainly not traditional methods and models, which have started to be used for business process performance measurement in managerial practice recently. Alternatively, some of them are only been thought of being used in practice in the future. In the final part of the paper, results of the survey are introduced and confronted with those arising from professional studies carried out especially in Germany, Austria and the U.S.A. The results and outcomes of our research studies have confirmed the old saying “What cannot be measured cannot be managed”. Keywords: Business process management, controlling, performance management, performance measurement ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Roman Zámečník, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


100

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN INSOLVENCY RISK DETECTION

Mironiuc Marilena, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Bld. Carol I nr.22, Iasi, 700505, Romania Țaran Alina, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Bld. Carol I nr.22, Iasi, 700505, Romania Abstract Insolvency is one of the critical moments of the life cycle of a company, as it places under uncertainty the premise of going concern. Looking on the effects of this state of crisis, we aimed to analyse which symptoms predict this liquidity crisis of the enterprises and to identify which of them are the most representative for the Romanian business environment. To this purpose, we performed a comparative analysis of the relevant financial and non-financial data that describes the insolvency risk of twenty companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange’s principal market during 2009-2013 period. For this research we applied the multiple discriminant analysis, the logistic regression analysis and the artificial neural networks analysis. The main remarks of our empirical study, similar for all three methods used, revealed that the extended term of payment to the suppliers is the most significant indicator of the risk of entering into the payment incapacity, confirming the legal definition of insolvency. Furthermore, for Romanian enterprises, the predictive value of financial ratios seems to be more representative than the non-financial information like changes in the top management board of the companies or the independent auditors’ opinion.

Keywords: insolvency; financial information; multiple discriminant analysis; logistic regression; artificial neural networks; insolvency risk ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mironiuc Marilena, Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Bld. Carol I nr.22, Iasi, 700505, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


101

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE LODGING INDUSTRY IN THE LIGHT OF ECLECTIC PARADIGM

Gökhan Ayazlar,Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University, Tourism Faculty, Muğla 48000, Turkey

Abstract Efforts concerning presentation of products to consumers in wider areas, particularly in international markets, lead lodging managers to focus on internationalization. This study aims to investigate the entry mode selection operation of lodging enterprises. Eclectic paradigm, developed by Dunning (1993), is used as a conceptual base for this study. Dunning’s paradigm is an internationalization theory that relates to the advantages of ownership, location and internalization in lodging industry. Although the paradigm has been used in many service sector studies in international literature, there is still a lack of information about Turkish lodging industry. In accordance with the purpose of fill this gap, a questionnaire was conducted from international lodging enterprises in Mugla, the third destination of Turkey hosting the highest number of tourist. The results of the study are compared with the findings of previous researches. The findings obtained tend to confirm the applicability of the eclectic theory of foreign direct investment to lodging industry. It’s expected that the findings of this study will contribute to selection of market entry decision-making process by hotel managers, and provide new knowledge in internationalization literature, especially internationalization of Turkish lodging industry.

Keywords: Internationalization; lodging industry; eclectic paradigm; Turkey ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Gökhan Ayazlar,Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Tourism Faculty, Mugla 48000, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


102

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT – MANAGING THE POTENTIAL COMPLEXITY-RISKS IN OUTSOURCING

Frank Martin Rennung,Universitatea Politehnica, str. Remus nr. 15, Timisoara 300191, Romania Caius Tudor Luminosu,Universitatea Politehnica, str. Remus nr. 15, Timisoara 300191, Romania Anca Draghici,Universitatea Politehnica, str. Remus nr. 15, Timisoara 300191, Romania Abstract The strategic decision to outsource is due to the numerous well known failed projects, very difficult. The associated risk can’t be estimated for each company.The aim of the paper is to carry out an assessment of potential complexity-related risks, which exist in a specific project and how they can be made manageable.Develop an evaluation model to assess potential complexity-related risks in the context of the strategic project outsourcing. Based on the current status of scientific, outsourcing experts are interviewed by means of interviews, such as problem descriptions and recommendations of the theory consistent with practical experience.The result of the study is a evaluation model to assess potential risks and transfer to the presented business situation. The discussion will show which methods and tools for managing outsourcing projects can be used.The model as confirmed by the research results can be applied and recommended as a way to deal with the risks resulting from complexity and can be used in specific business situations to take the appropriate strategic decisions. Keywords: strategic management; outsourcing; risk management; complexity management; evaluation model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Frank Martin Rennung,Universitatea Politehnica, str. Remus nr. 15, Timisoara 300191, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


103

ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT IN ROAD TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

Oľga Poniščiaková, Žilinská univerzita v ŽilineFakulta prevádzky a ekonomiky dopravy a spojov Katedra Ekonomiky

Viera Šukalová, Žilinská univerzita v ŽilineFakulta prevádzky ekonomiky dopravy a spojov Katedra Ekonomiky Abstract There are various types of profit management in contemporary enterprises in our country. Controlling is one of them. This method of management is typical with using the principle of causality, in the costs area. This article provides basic characteristics and suggestions of using the principle of causality and controlling in enterprises of road transport. Keywords: management, controlling costs ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Oľga Poniščiaková, Žilinská univerzita v ŽilineFakulta prevádzky a ekonomiky dopravy a spojov Katedra ekonomiky E-mail address:[email protected]


104

IMPACT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT

Anna Siekelová, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Ivana Weissová, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Boris Kollár, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Abstract Credit risk management was not so necessary, while sales of deferred payment has begun to dominate the prompt payment. The existence of receivables has become a necessity in the area of functional and effective market economy. Most of the receivables in the company have the form of trade credit. Therefore credit management as the management of trade credit has become very important. Insolvency four out of ten companies in the Slovak Republic is due to the delay or any payment of their receivables. Credit managers address important issues during their daily activities: the level of indebtedness enterprises, which is due to the sale of invoice, the increase of indebtedness should be supported or stopped, the ability and willingness of customers to pay their commitments properly and timely, appropriately set criteria for individual credit segments of customers or if it is necessary to make a decision of choosing an effective tool for debt recovery. Article highlights to a correlation between the amount of receivables in the company and its solvency and underlines the importance of credit management and its principal activities. We will use the methods of formal logic such as analysis, synthesis and interpretation. The intention is to draw up basic theoretical principles for determining the credit limit for individual customers in the company.

Keywords:Economic Value Added; value of the company; shateholders; stakeholders ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Anna Siekelová, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics,Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


105

THE NET IMPACT OF TRAINING MEASURES FROM ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET PROGRAMS IN ROMANIA – SUBJECTIVE

AND OBJECTIVE EVALUATION Speranta Pirciog, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, 6-8 Povernei Str.,

Bucharest, 010643, Romania Vasilica Ciuca,National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, 6-8 Povernei Str.,

Bucharest, 010643, Romania Madalina Ecaterina Popescu, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, 6-8

Povernei Str., Bucharest, 010643, Romania Abstract In this paper we focus on both subjective and objective evaluation of the net impact of training measures in Romania based on beneficiaries’ opinion on the usefulness of the measure and on a propensity score matching approach. For that, micro-data for both the treatment group and the control group were collected through a survey elaborated on 641 respondents by the National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection in October 2014. The propensity score matching technique was applied in order to evaluate the effects of the training programs on employment in Romania on two time dimensions, namely both at the end of the training labour market policy in 2013 and also at the end of the survey analysis in October 2014. In both cases the results indicate a slightly negative net impact on employment, suggesting that an unemployed attending a training program has less chances to find a job than someone similar in characteristics, but who did not apply for a training program. The subjective evaluation was done by measuring the opinion of the training services beneficiaries related to the measure’s usefulness in finding a job. These results are to some extent surprising, but could imply that the labour market policy implemented in Romania should more rigorously identify and target the unemployed segment it addresses in order to improve its efficiency Keywords: impact evaluation; employment; training programs; propensity score matching ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Speranta Pirciog, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, 6-8 Povernei Str., Bucharest, 010643, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


106

OPTIMIZATION OF THE WORKING PERFORMANCE IN SLOVAK COMPANIES

Eva Kicova, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1 ,

010 26 Zilina, Slovakia Margareta Nadányiová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina,

Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia Veronika Kormaňáková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina,

Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia Abstract Nowadays, Human Resource Management presents not only creating of working positions and working tasks but also addresses the need to increase the staff performance. Corporate Performance Management helps to increase the value of the company and manages the company performance. The contribution deals with the measuring, evaluating of the working performance and the explaining of core of the Corporate Performance Management and to its current situation of use in Slovak Republic. Keywords: performace, management, strategy, process, performance management, performance evaluation ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Eva Kicova, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


107

SUGGESTION OF GREEN CUSTOMER SEGMENTATION IN SLOVAKIA

Martina Rypáková,University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Ľubica Štefániková, University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Katarína Moravčíková,University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Abstract One of the most important goals in a business is catch the trend and meet the customer’s need. Marketing segmentation, as first step of the STP process, is significant to reach this goal. However, the environment is currently followed by technical and technological innovation, the state of the natural environment is alarming. Since that fact, there is a place for new segmentation related to environmental sensitiveness, the interest and motivation for purchasing green products. In Slovakia, there is no official segmentation. This paper is ambitious to propose it based on questionnaire survey that was randomly mailed to inhabitants in Slovakia. The results are compared with Hofstede´s cultural dimensions. Therefore, it explores the relation between results of questionnaire and official Hoftede´s score. In addition, papers contains of several developed research questions that are tested by statistical methods. To sum up, article recommends marketing strategy for green product placement and type of credible and responsible communication policy.

Keywords: performace, management, strategy, process, performance management, performance evaluation ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Martina Rypáková, University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


108

EVALUATION BY USERS OF AN INDUSTRIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (XPPS) BASED ON THE DELONE AND MCLEAN

MODEL FOR IS SUCCESS

Hanae Roky, Ecole Nationale de Commerce ET de Gestion de Tanger, route de l'aéroport B.P 1255 - 90000Tanger Principal, Maroc

Youssef AL Meriouh, Ecole Nationale de Commerce ET de Gestion de Tanger, route de l'aéroport B.P 1255- 90000 Tanger Principal, Maroc

Abstract

This paper proposes an ex post evaluation by users of an information system (IS) dedicated to the automotive industry (XPPS), which is based on the DeLone and McLean’s information systems success model. The methodological approach is a mixed-methods case study: we started our research by performing an exploratory qualitative study at SEBN MA thatwas used to contextualize our research model. This model was then tested through a quantitative study by adopting a hypothetico-deductive methodology and using data collected by questionnaire. An analysis of these data by the technique of structural equation modeling confirms that information quality plays a key role in increasing user satisfaction and intention to use of the system; the significance of the relationship between the quality of service and the use of the IS; the effect of both intention to use and use on individual impact and finally the positive influence of the individual impact on the organizational performance of XPPS. This article provides an empirical validation of the IS success model developed by DeLone and McLean in the automotive industry, a little investigated topic in the literature, and shows the managerial implications of using such a model Keywords: Information systems, DeLone and McLean IS success model, XPPS, structural equation modeling ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Hanae Roky, Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger,route de l'aéroport B.P 1255 - 90000 Tanger Principal, Maroc E-mail address:[email protected]


109

GREEN MARKETING AND ITS EXPLOITATION IN SLOVAK COMPANIES

Margaréta Nadányiová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Univerzitná 1, 010 26

Žilina, Slovak republic Eva Kicová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak

republic Martina Rypáková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Univerzitná 1, 010 26

Žilina, Slovak republic Abstract A socially responsible company is not only oriented to maximize its profit, but an integral part of its philosophy is a social and environmental orientation and itself social and environmental interests of the society. Consumers’ satisfaction and over-all educational process in these areas nowadays are seen as the important step to company success. Based on this, following paper deals with fundamentals of the conception of green marketing, which represents environmentally oriented approach (eco-approach) and responsible management process. The green marketing includes more than just a simple building of corporate image. It becomes a modern mean of the enforcement of actual environmental trends to a broad spectrum of business activities. The field of action of green marketing tools is relatively extensive, starting with the protection of environment, production and sale of products and services with ecological conditions and requirements, through the final consumption of environmentally friendly products, which affects the quality of life and health of the whole society. The paper in brief presents the results of the marketing survey that was focused on finding how chosen Slovak companies applied principles of green marketing and used green marketing tools within their business activities, if ever. Based on the results of the survey, in the end of the presented article there are mentioned proposals and measures for the implementation of the green marketing principles in Slovak companies. Keywords: Advertisement, Company, Environmental Management System, Green Marketing, Tools of Green Communication Mix, Public relations ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Margaréta Nadányiová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic E-mail address:[email protected]


110

ANALYSING THE FINANCIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS. CASE STUDY ON HEALTH

ROMANIAN NONPROFITS Delia Corina Mihaltan, Valahia” University of Târgovişte, Lct. Stancu I. Street, no 35, Romania Daniela Vitan, Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Unirii Street, no 15-17, Romania Gabriel Cucui, Valahia” University of Târgovişte, Lct. Stancu I. Street, no 35, Romania Abstract The effectiveness in nonprofit organizations has different meanings than in profit-orientated companies. The study proposes to see how the financial effectiveness can be analyzed based on the data provided by their financial statements. Within the Income Statement, Romanian nonprofit organizations have to include the income and expenses realized as well as those estimated, so this is the source of information needed in our study. Our research is based on a sample of nonprofits, chosen from a database developed by CENTRAS (Assistance center for NGO). The financial effectiveness is calculated, using the ratios method, by reporting the realized elements to the targeted ones. The period of our analysis involves three fiscal years for the chosen sample.The results of this study involve measures of financial effectiveness for each entity studied, the effectiveness evolution over the studied period, identifying factors which influence both effectiveness and its evolution, and interpreting the results for the whole field. Keywords: health nonprofit organizations, financial effectiveness analysis, performance, expenses, Income ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Delia Corina Mihaltan, Valahia” University of Târgovişte, Lct. Stancu I. Street, no 35, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


111

THE POSSIBILITIES FOR THE COLOUR MODIFICATIONS OF THE BEECH WOOD BY THE STEAMING IN THE PRODUCTION

PROCESS Ivan Klement, Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. 2014. v. No. 88 (2014), ISSN 1898-5912 Jarmila Klementová, Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. 2014. v. No. 88 (2014), ISSN 1898-5912.

Abstract The wood color and the color of wood products is one of the basic requirements in the selection and product demand from the customers. This feature is characterized by the appearance of the wood and its importance increases in the production of furniture, musical instruments and other products made from wood. The paper deals with research of color modifications of beech wood by atmospheric steaming, one of the ecological ways of changing the color of wood, without chemicals. The aim of this work is measurement and evaluation of color changes arising from the steaming of beech samples using different initial moisture and different thicknesses of the experimental samples. The color change was measured by using the apparatus Color Reader CR-10 and graphically evaluated using the program Coloroid. At the end the color difference for the surface layer under different conditions is evaluated. These data are relevant knowledge in terms of the reverse of market requirements into the production processes." Keywords: colour modifications wood, beech wood, hydrothermal treatment ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ivan Klement, Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. 2014. v. No. 88 (2014), ISSN 1898-5912 E-mail address:[email protected]


112

STRUCTURE RATIOS OF PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT – SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Radu Marginean, Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Unirii Street, no 15-17, Romania Delia Corina Mihaltan, Valahia” University of Târgovişte, Lct. Stancu I. Street, no 35, Romania Nicolae Todea, Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Unirii Street, no 15-17, Romania Abstract The Profit and Loss Account is by definition the main source of information for studying the financial performance of the companies. Financial ratios describe the relationship between financial indicators, in general between a result and an effort for the company, in order to offer an image of the financial profitability, if we use the Profit and Loss account or financial position and an image of financial position if we use the Balance Sheet.The structure ratios of the Profit and Loss account have the capability to show in ratios companies’ income and expenses, comparing the different positions of the Profit and Loss account. If this analysis is made in dynamics, in a few years, we can obtain specific information on companies’ performance in using their assets in order to obtain profit.Our case study performed in dynamics during eight years (2006-2013), based on real data from the Romania’s furniture industry, on a large enterprise with more than 700 employees, reveal that the main expenses of the enterprise are with the cost of employees and with the raw material and materials. Also, using the Pearson correlations coefficient we could find a direct and strong relationship between the net income of the enterprise and the cost of the employees. Keywords: structure ratios, Profit and Loss Account, performance analysis, income, expenses ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Radu Marginean, Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, Unirii Street, no 15-17, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


113

PLANNING OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUCCESSION

Darina Chlebíková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics,

Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia Mária Mišanková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics,

Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia Katarína Kramárová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of

Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia Abstract Planning of personal development should ensure the motivation of employees in the company, as well as it should enable employees to develop their professional skills, provide them some work perspective and increase the attractiveness of the work in the company. The goal of planning of personal development and succession in the company is to cover the future need of human resources in the company for the specific jobs. Flexibility of career planning is nowadays the main requirement for it. Due to changes realized in the company (the existence of the company, organizational changes, restructuring, etc.) are threatened workstations of employees, so employees must take the responsibility for the direction of their career by their own Keywords: development of human resources; personal development; career; planning succession ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Darina Chlebíková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


114

DETERMINATION OF DEFAULT PROBABILITY BY LOSS GIVEN DEFAULT

Mária Mišanková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia

Erika Spuchľáková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia

Katarína Frajtová-Michalíková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia

Abstract The quantification of expected losses should be based on an analysis of multiple variables, cause the determination process might be problematic, but it is significant for institutions such as banks but also for others. Main components of the credit risk are the Probability of Default (PD) and the Loss Given Default (LGD). These are included in the credit spread, which is the difference in market prices between defaultable and default-free bonds. The article is dedicated to the theoretical aspects of Loss Given Keywords: loss given default; credit risk; probabolity of default ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mária Mišanková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


115

ACHIEVING EXCELLENCE IN PROJECTS: LINKING SUCCESS FACTORS FOR MANAGING PROJECT QUALITY AND

DEMING PRIZE Lukáš Vartiak, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of

Communications,Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Abstract

The vagueness of project success and failure resulted in great deal of theories about achieving the excellence in projects. The purpose of the study is to create a framework for achieving the excellence in projects, based on the Deming Prize. Secondary research includes analysis, comparison and selection methods. The result is a model consisting of six criteria, which can be used in various kinds of projects on a global scale. Recommendation for project teams is to not focus only on how to finalize the project to a successful end but to try to bring the project to its excellence. Keywords: project success; project quality; project excellence; quality management; business excellence ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Lukáš Vartiak, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Communications, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


116

THE COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF VISEGRAD GROUP

Martin Buňo,University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia Margaréta Nadányiov,University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26,

Slovakia Dagmar Hrašková,University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26,

Slovakia Abstract The business environment in the company covers economic, political, institutional, legal, technological and cultural conditions in which business process is implemented, ie, process of forming enterprises, and the implementation of their business activities. The quality of the business environment creates an elementary precondition for sustainable growth and long-term competitiveness of each global market economy. It creates the basic conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In The Last decade, in different countries many organizations concerned with measuring the quality of the business environment on the basis of different parameters have been created. Then compile rankings of economies and comparison of the positions of the countries at different time period. Indexes provide important information on the development of individual components of the competitiveness of countries. The article is the comparison of the quality of the business environment Visegrad countries, since these are with similar initial condition, with particular attention to the Slovak Republic. Countries will compare by two local indexes and four global indexes. The article will also determine the results of questionnaire on the quality of the business environment and the quality changes in the business environment of the Slovak Republic.

Keywords: performace, management, strategy, process, performance management, performance evaluation ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Martin Buňo, University of Žilina in Žilina, Department of Economic, Univerzitná 1, Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


117

CHANGE: ADAPTING MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Ani Matei, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration, 6 Povernei Street, Bucharest, 010643, Romania

Cătălina Antonie, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration, 6 Povernei Street, Bucharest, 010643, Romania

Abstract The objective of this article is to describe a way for public services leaders to create and lead a wanted change. Complexity and uncertainty or public organization has a high impact when managers are willing to conduct change. We try to see if we can change the way attractors behave, and how can them create chaotic change by influencing the patterns of human interaction. The key of success is not counting on the on experiences from the private sector, but to adapt all the means and strategy to achieve effectiveness and innovative. The complexity of change and the complexity of the public organization are two important points and we try to establish a good way to achieve the organizations means by focusing on tools, strategy and structures instead of paying attention to how human beings change by forming identities through relating. The adaptive management is more about changing the usual practices in order to comply also with some chaotic circumstances and unpredictability, uncertainty, self-governance, emergence and other premises describing chaotic circumstances. Not only the practices and strategy need to change but also the leaders need to adapt more to the organizations complexity, its attractors and culture. The managerial control is very important, but order cannot be established just by knowing the entire situation Keywords: Complexity; management; adapting management; change; decision making; complex problems ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ani Matei, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration, 6 Povernei Street, Bucharest, 010643, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


118

EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROZONE MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION IN LATVIA

Signe Balina,University of Latvia, Aspazijas blvd. 5, Riga, Latvia Rita Balina,University of Latvia, Aspazijas blvd. 5, Riga, Latvia

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the international transmission effects of euro area monetary policy shocks on the main economic and financial variables in Latvia in period 2000-2014. Empirical assessment is made using a standard structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model of the euro area, augmented by the Latvian variables of interest (real GDP per capita, annual inflation and money market interest rate, and consecutively by additional variables: real private consumption per capita, investments, exports and imports, various loan interest rates and real wages).The estimated SVAR model shows that a negative monetary policy shock in the euro area has a strong and persistent effect on Latvian economy via interest rate and foreign demand channels. The main results shown by impulse response functions suggest that the estimated reaction of Latvian variables is several times stronger than the reaction of euro area aggregates. Volatility of reactions can be explained by the small size and high openness level of Latvian economy.

Keywords: monetary transmission, Latvia, Euro area, Structural VAR

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Signe Balina,University of Latvia, Aspazijas blvd. 5, Riga, Latvia E-mail address:[email protected]


119

BRAND VALUATION AS AN IMMANENT COMPONENT OF BRAND VALUE BUILDING AND MANAGING

Jana Majerová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žiline, Slovak Republic

Tomáš Klieštik, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žiline, Slovak Republic

Abstract

The process of brand value building and managing should form part of the strategic marketing of any enterprise whose primary objective is the market share growth. This is because the brand has the potential to be a source of a long-term sustainable competitive advantage of such an enterprise. But there is lack of desired result within the branding efforts without the efficient method of brand value quantifying. Nowadays, there are many methods of brand valuation, which can be grouped into internally homogeneous groups based on their access to financial indicators usage, possible objectives, intended universality of value, brand risk representing and so on. These methods have differences among themselves, particularly in relation to the scope and nature of the input data and reliability and validity of obtained results in relation to its further applicability in branding. This is the reason why the results of critical evaluation focused on different methods of brand valuation in the context of the Slovak branding specifics, is the aim of this paper. Most of published results form part of the special research realized to analyze possible sources of competitive advantages of Slovak enterprises. In this research, it was found that the current state of branding in the Slovak Republic is unsatisfactory and not competitive with foreign. As one of the reasons, the absence of a continuous brand value monitoring was detected. So, we offer a brief overview of applicable methods, which are convenient to specific Slovak conditions and which could be used to make brands competitive on the international base of globalized market.

Keywords: brand; brand value; brand value building; brand value managing; income approach

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jana Majerová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žiline, Slovak Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


120

THE SUPPORT OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE UTILIZATION IN HISTORICAL TOWN RESERVES

Martina Kalamárová,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Erika Loučanová,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Ján Parobek,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Mikuláš Šupín,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia

Abstract

The paper is focused on a cultural heritage. It reports a new perspective on the cultural heritage as a cultural capital, its perception as a bearer of cultural and economic values. The objective was to identify and evaluate, on basis of theoretical foundation of the cultural heritage as a development potential of the territory, which instruments the local governments use to regulate and support the utilization of the immovable cultural heritage in order to develop the territory. We analyzed the use of selected tools by local governments with declared historical town reserves in Slovakia. The overview of actual issues related to the state of the cultural heritage and the proposal of ways of the cultural heritage utilization support is also presented. Provided recommendations can serve as a basis for adopting measures to improve the operation of local governments in the cultural heritage support.

Keywords: cultural heritage, cultural capital, values of cultural heritage, support of cultural heritage utilization ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Martina Kalamárová, Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


121

ANALYSIS OF SLOVAK CONSUMER'S PERCEPTION OF THE GREEN MARKETING ACTIVITIES

Jana Majerov, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics,

Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žiline, Slovak Republic

Abstract

Standard strategic goals of a company are related to the achievement of predefined values in the area of sales or a market share. Their achievement is conditional upon obtaining a stable consumer preferences and some competitive advantage. Applying traditional marketing activities does not have a desired effect; companies have been forced to search new ways to achieve their goals. One of these ways is to implement the concept of socially responsible behaviour with an emphasis on the application of green marketing. At the present green marketing does not represent only one of the tools of company’s image building. In fact, its implementation is primarily public commitment of company’s management to carry business in the way, which ensures economic development, and at the same time it is realizing of the responsibility for increasing of environmental and social performance. The contribution papers are focused on the efficiency of the green marketing as a tool of competitive advantage in the context of Slovak consumer's perception. The goal of the survey, whose outputs are partially presented in the article, was to identify the relationship of Slovak consumers to green marketing activities and perception of this concept in relation to its impact on the buying decision. Following achieving information there are formulated recommendations for application of green marketing as a tool of competitive advantage in the conclusion.

Keywords: consumer; consumer's perception; green marketing; competitive advantage ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jana Majerov, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žiline, Slovak Republic



122

ECO-INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF SLOVAKIA

Erika Loučanová,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Ján Parobek,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Martina Kalamárová,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Hubert Paluš,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Jozef Lenoch,Mendel university in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech republic Abstract The paper deals with the evaluation of the eco-innovation situation in the Slovak Republic. The situation is evaluated in terms of eco-innovation scoreboard, which consists of five areas. Different eco-innovations influence environmental, economic and social growth of enterprises, so they positively influence sustainable development. Therefore, it is convenient to identify the eco-innovative performance of Slovakia and its favorable and critical areas through the analyses. Subsequently, results found out information points to the possibilities, which have influence on the positive development of the eco-innovation Keywords: Innovation; Eco-innovation; Eco-innovation scoreboard ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Erika Loučanová, Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


123

USE OF BIG DATA FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF COMPANY

Milan Kubina, Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Michal Varmus, Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Irena Kubinová, Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Abstract Information is present all around us in different kind of forms. Huge amounts of information are produced every day in big variety of forms. Information plays crucial role for people and for companies as well. Their survival in the highly competitive environment depends upon possessing the right information in the right time. Companies must have information concerning their customers, products, environment and themselves also.The aim of the paper is to show the way to reach competitive advantage by using big data and innovation approaches based on the analysis of literature and conducted research. During the research were used these methods: content analysis, documents study, comparative analysis, process analysis, statistic analysis, empirical research and more. One of the main results is model of information system for work with big data, that is base for successful correct using of information to reach competitive advantage in the market.

Keywords: Big Data, management, decision-making, information system, efficiency, technologies,company ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Milan Kubina , Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


124

ENSURING BUSINESS CONTINUITY ASSUMPTION FOR ROMANIAN INVESTMENT FIRMS – AN EXPRESSION OF

GOOD GOVERNANCE IN FINANCIAL REPORTING Loan Ovidiu Spătăcean, University from Tirgu Mures, Nicolae Iorga no. 1, Tirgu Mures, 540088, Romania Abstract We based our research on the hypothesis that adequate corporate governance practices established within Romanian investment firms are designed to ensure the financial soundness, bringing added value and credibility from the perspective of investors. Moreover, investor protection is significantly increased if the selection decision regarding a certain investment firm is based on a rigorous analysis of the bankruptcy risk. On other hand, the capital market supervision authority (Financial Supervison Authority) would show great interest in results obtained from bankruptcy risk assessment models, for the purpose of ensuring market integrity. This paper aims to test and analyze the results determined under two classical models used for assessing the risk of bankruptcy (Altman and Conan-Holder). We investigated a sample of more than 20 Romanian investment firms, summing a total market share of around 40% at the end of 2014. Main results show a pesimistic view in terms of the capacity to sustain financial soundness imposed in terms of prudential supervision under MiFID requirements. We believe these results may suggest major changes in the Romanian capital market in terms of mergers and aquisitions involving investment firms over the next 3-5 years. Keywords: bancryptcy risk, risk assessment, Altman model, Conan-Holder model, Z score function, investment firm, prudential supervision ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Loan - Ovidiu Spătăcean, University from Tirgu Mures, Nicolae Iorga no. 1, Tirgu Mures, 540088, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


125

CONTEXT AWARE MOBILE LEARNING AS A FACTOR FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH

Signe Balina, Latvia, Raiņa blvd. 19, Latvia, IT Competence Centre, Lacplesa str. 41., Riga, Lavtia Nauris Paulins,Latvia University of Agricultere, Liela Str. 2, Jelgava, Latvia

Abstract This paper deals with the role of mobile learning in education, which is unique in terms of flexibility of time and location, but it requires extra planning and analyses of appropriate technologies during learning design process. The contextual information can be static, but some parts are dynamic and unpredictable. In this paper the model which combines static and dynamic context for mobile learning content development is proposed. This model will promote the productivity growth that has a major impact on economic growth. Keywords: Mobile technologies, education,productivity ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Signe Balina, Latvia, Raiņa blvd. 19, Latvia, IT Competence Centre, Lacplesa str. 41., Riga, Lavtia



126

THE ANALYSIS OF WOM IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC AND IMPACT OF WOM ON CONSUMERS' PURCHASING DECISION

Michal Dzian, Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Miroslava Triznova,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Vladislav Kaputa,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Mikulas Supin,Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Abstract Communication is one of the basic things for building up human relations. People often spread theiropinions and information about products and services. This article focuses on the analysis of marketingcommunication and WOM in Slovak republic. Word of mouth is an informal communication between customers, which consist of information about products and services. Nowadays in Slovakia this topic isvery frequent but still not very investigated. The main object of the survey is to find the reasons for which people are willing to communicate about their products and services. The authors also examine the impact of word of mouth communication on consumers purchasing decision. Collected data wereanalyzed by using the basic statistic tools. The objects of the research are respondents from generation Y. Collected data are based on questionnaire survey. The aim of this study is to determine the main reasonfor spreading up the word of mouth about products and services. The results of the survey show differences in communication of generation Y in Slovak republic in comparison with standardsand paradigms of marketing communication Keywords:marketing communication; word of mouth; marketing research; Generation Y ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Michal Dzian, Technical university in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


127

LEADERSHIP IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT: SEPARATION OF LEADERSHIP AND EXECUTIVE CONCEPTS

Tuğba Fener, İstanbul Kültür University, İstanbul,34147,Turkey Tuğçe Çevik,İstanbul Kültür University, İstanbul,34147,Turkey Abstract

Crisis is the truth of today’s fast paced business world. Rapid organizational change, changing economic conditions, problems of personnel, unexpected technological changes and political effects cause instability on today’s business world. This instability appears out of state control as economic disruptions that result in crisis. Crisis affecting our country and all other countries in the world also influences not only vacated people but also other individuals who concerns about losing their jobs. This economic uncertainty seemingly interests corporations. However environment is also one of the factors that affects crisis. If crisis isn’t brought under control or managed properly, it will come about and create chain crisis. Because of the increasing chaos, change from authoritarian leadership through teamwork and participative management mentality has been observed. Commerce has been getting more and more complicated and complex. These changes have transformed traditional crisis leaders to a leader model that makes scenario analysis and work done co-ordinately with a team by gathering lots of different point of view to create optimum solution. Leadership and crisis concepts are discussed together in order that implementation of leadership in crisis can be understood. Crisis leadership is also regarded as optimally and timely assessment process of adverse condition’s effects whatever its reason is. In the first section of this article, which will be presented with extensive literature, general information about leadership concept from Total Quality Management principles and comparison of leader and executive concepts will be given. In the second section, leadership in crisis management will be mentioned and in the last section the importance of lead executive in crisis and its contribution to literature will be reviewed. Keywords: Leadership, Crisis Management, Total Quality Management ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Tuğçe Çevik,İstanbul Kültür University, İstanbul,34147,Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


128

ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF SITUATION OF LONG – TERM UNEMPLOYED JOBSEEKERS IN SLOVAK LABOR

MARKET Lucia Švábová, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of

Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic Marek Ďurica, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of

Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic Abstract The situation with unemployment is a long-term problem for many years in Slovakia. The jobseeker registered in the Labor office for more than 12 consecutive months is considered to be long-term unemployed. The inability to locate these people in the labor market is a major economic problem in Slovakia. These people have a negative impact on the economy of the state because they did not bring in any capital to the economy. On the contrary, the state has to subsidize them by social benefits. In the paper the influence of the factors to the long-term unemployability in Slovakia using real data about unemployment from Slovak Central Office of Labor, Social Affairs and Family will be identified and analyzed. This identification and analysis will be focused on the personal characteristics of the jobseekers and local economic indicators of their living environment too. The duration of unemployment of long – term jobseekers depending on these factors will be statistically modeled. To optimize the conditions and amount of the regular and one-off grant of active labor market policy the knowledge of the structure of long-term unemployed jobseekers and identification of their characteristics is necessary. Keywords: Jobseeker, Long – term unemployment, Slovak labor market, Active labor market policies ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Lucia Švábová, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak republic E-mail address:[email protected]


129

THE TREND ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Miriam Garbárová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1,010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic

Martina Strežová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1,010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic

Abstract The paper is devoted to the current state and conditions of road and railway transport in the Slovak Republic, including selected indicators. Through the use of indicators analysis is identified the trend and on the basis of the trends is possible to determine the forecast of future development. Trend statement presents a key factor to successful decision-making in the future.

Keywords: trend analysis, road transport, railway transport, indicators, infrastructure,passenger ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Miriam Garbárová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1,010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


130

NVESTIGATING CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND LEADERSHIP

STYLES IN NORWEGIAN MILITARY CADETS

Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud,

0517 Oslo, Norway Torill Holth, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42

Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway Abstract Problem Statement: Leading in the military is a challenging task. Purpose of Study: This paper discusses possible correlations between personality traits and the leadership style Developmental Leadership (DL). Methods: A personality test known as 16PF was used in order to measure the personality traits of 16 cadets at the Norwegian Military Academy. Furthermore the developmental leadership questionnaire (DLQ) was used in order to investigate the frequency of the DL style among the cadets. Findings and Results: Our results showed that the role model reveals a high degree of planning, a sense of duty, and a sense of organizing, and is trustful and accepting. The leader who shows personal care is also relaxed. We also found a correlation between others judgment of a cadet having a high degree of personal care and that one perceives oneself as direct and authentic. There also existed a strong tendency that cadets that scored high on individualized care and on inspiration and motivation also were more group oriented and those they seek closeness more than they are individualistic. However, we cannot show that extrovert cadets also score high on DL in general. It was also found that the group-oriented leader chose DL as the preferred leadership style. Conclusions and Recommendations: Some of the results are quite surprising. This may be explained by the sample size, so therefore it is important to conduct studies of larger groups in order to get more conclusive answers. Keywords: Developmental leadership; creativity;16PF ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway E-mail address:[email protected].


131

QUANTIFICATION OF CREDIT RISK WITH THE USE OF CREDITMETRICS

Kollár Boris, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics,Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Weissová Ivana, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics, Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Siekelová Anna, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics,Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to present basic characteristics of CreditMetrics model and its model application. The importance of accurate credit risk quantification is growing nowadays in global economy just like in local economies. CreditMetrics approach is designed to measure the risk of credit loss caused by changes in the creditworthiness of borrowers. Loss does not occur only in the case of counterparty's default, but also upon its transition into worse rating category. The output of this model, however, is the entire distribution function of portfolio value. We will present application of this method for single bond. For this purpose we will use analytical method. We will use methods of formal logic such as: analysis, synthesis, deduction and comparison. The result will be comprehensive overview of CreditMetrics results under the conditions of local economy. We will also mention test results of various renowned agencies, which reflect the accuracy of this model. Keywords: Credit, risk, model,analysis ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Kollár Boris, University of Žilina, FPEDAS, department of economics,Univerzitná 1,010 26 Žilina 010 26, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


132

SELF-AWARENESS IN MILITARY OFFICERS WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENTAL LEADERSHIP

Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud,


Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway Abstract Problem Statement: Being self-aware about your preferred leadership behavior is important for a military officer. Equally important is getting feedback that indicates how others perceive your leadership behavior. Purpose of Study: To investigate the degree of self-awareness regarding military cadet’s leadership behaviour and how this was correlated with others perceptions of the same leadership behavior. Methods: This study was an explorative and descriptive study. 26 cadets at the Norwegian Military Academy filled out the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ) measuring their degree of developmental leadership, as well as their degree of transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership. The cadets also had to send the same DLQ to between 6-10 commanders/colleagues and subordinates in order to get feedback from them on their leadership behavior. Findings and Results: It was found that the cadets scored themselves lower on both developmental leadership and on the positive parts of transactional leadership and higher on both the negative parts of transactional leadership and on laissez-faire leadership as compared to their respondents. Conclusions and Recommendations: Looking at the scores the cadets gave themselves they scored quite high on developmental leadership and on the positive sides of transactional leadership, and quite low on the negative sides of transactional leadership and on laissez-faire leadership. This indicates that they are developmental leaders although they may not see this as clearly as their respondents. Keywords: Developmental leadership; transactional leadership; non-leadership; result of leadership; self-awareness ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway E-mail address:[email protected].


133

RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND ITS IMPACT ON ACTUAL APARTMENT MARKET PRICES ON THE CZECH REAL ESTATE MARKET

Martin Cupal,Masaryk University, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Lipová 507/41a, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic

Abstract Historical development of residential houses probably has some influence on the actual market prices of apartments. It is therefore to ensure that this influence has to be correctly evaluated and adjusted to eliminate the other factors. The influence will also be identified according to the probable motives and preferences on demand side.The methodology is based on the formation a comparative database of apartments as homogeneous as possible, across different periods of construction, which can be divided on the Czech real estate market into a typical period of time with its specific features for each one.Each database corresponds to a town where it is possible to detect thus defined significant differences. Compiled and modified database can be statistically tested using linear parametric and non-parametric models.The findings showed price differences across the individual periods of construction and formulated a functional (graphic) expression of this dependence for individual towns as well as an aggregate for the entire the Czech market - global curve in substance. Subsequently it was discussed as possible causes not only from the demand side of the market

Keywords: Market price; real estate; linear model; residential house;flat

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Martin Cupal,Masaryk University, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Lipová 507/41a, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


134

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL LEADERSHIP, THE RESULTS OF LEADERSHIP AND

PERSONALITY FACTORS Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud,


Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway Abstract Problem Statement: The relations between a leader and his or her colleagues are important in order to achieve results in any organization. Purpose of Study: To investigate the leadership style developmentalleadership (DL) and any relationship with the factor results of leadership in DL. A second purpose was to investigate the relation between the factor results of leadership and the five personality factors in the personality test NEO PI-R.Methods: 16 respondents working in a municipality in Norway filled out the personality test NEO PI-R. In addition the developmental leadership questionnaire (DLQ) was used in order to collect data on the respondents’ leadership. The respondents were also requested to send the DLQ to between 6-10 managers/colleagues and subordinates in order to get objective feedback on their leadership behavior. The respondents were divided into a high and a low results group dependent upon their scores on the factor result of leadership in DL. Findings and Results: No significant differences were found in the high results group between the respondents and the colleagues score on the different aspects of DL. Significant differences were however found in the low results group between the respondents and the colleagues score on the different aspects of DL. No significant differences existed between the two groups regarding the score on the five personality factors. Conclusions and Recommendations: A relationship seemed to exist betweenthe leadership style DL and the factor results of leadership but not with any of the five personality factors. Keywords: Developmental leadership; transactional leadership; result of leadership; personality factors;NEO PI-R ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Ole Boe,Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway E-mail address:[email protected].


135

DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATORY FACTOR OF PROFESSIONAL BODIES IN THE AUDIT ACTIVITY

Adrian Stefan-Duicu, Valahia University Of Targoviste, Trentacinque Th Stancu Lon, Targoviste, 130105,

Romania Viorica Mirela Stefan-Duicu,Valahia University of Targoviste, 35. th Stancu Ion Street, Targoviste, 130105,

Nicolae Titulescu University,Calea Vacaresti, 04005, Romania

Abstract The audit activity is seen as a process in a continuous modelling and alignment to the requirements imposed by economic space. This paper aims to highlight the need to provide accurate and complete information by members of the relevant professional bodies that can guarantee a high professional training and competence of the active working team. The auditing process represents and integrated multi-stage approach, legislation, instruments with an individually specific corpus for the audit but also instruments supplied by other sources such as accounting (through the financial statements and the importance of the accounting methods), finances (the financial and banking relationships), management both at a micro and a macro-environment, share markets, taxation etc.The purpose of this paper is to point out first the independent existence of professional bodies as a set of base knowledge and then expand the amount of information for proper auditing services, highlighting the importance of rigor in the regulation of these activities. Keywords: audit, professional organism, regulations, professional services competence ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Adrian Stefan-Duicu,Valahia University of Targoviste, 35 th Stancu Ion Street, Targoviste, 130105, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


136

ASPECTS REGARDING THE USE OF MODELING IN ACCOUNTING

Sălișteanu Simona-Florina, Valahia University of Târgoviște. 35th Stancu Ion Street, Târgoviște. 130105, România

Oros Olivera Ecaterina, Valahia University of Târgoviște. 35th Stancu Ion Street, Târgoviște. 130105, România

Pece Andreea Maria, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca.58-60th Teodor Mihali Street, Cluj-Napoca. 400591, România

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the use of modeling in accounting. The paper defines the concepts of modeling and accounting model, and continues with a case study referring to a collective evaluation of impaired assets. Because of the importance of accounting information in the financial statements and not only, we analyzed the relationship between the models, the information systems and the modeling process. As a conclusion, we support the idea that by introducing the modeling process in accounting, we obtain a superior quality of the accounting information. Keywords: Modeling, accounting models, accounting information, accounting information systems, impaired assets, ECL model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Sălișteanu Simona-Florina, Valahia University of Târgoviște. 35th Stancu Ion Street, Târgoviște. 130105, România E-mail address:[email protected]


137

THE ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE MAIN MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS,

WHICH CHARACTERIZE THE HEALTH AND WELFARE SYSTEM IN ROMANIA

Andreea Iluzia Iacob,The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, 6, Romana Square, district 1, 010374, Romania

Silvia Elena Cristache, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, 6, Romana Square, district 1, 010374, Romania

Dragos Ungureanu,Spiru Haret University, 13 Doamnei Str., Bucharest, district 3, 030052, Romania

Abstract Most Western countries have passed in the last decade of the twentieth century through significant changes in the health system domain, transformations that directly relate to the financial, organizational and regulatory framework. Romania, along with other European countries, joined the trend of transforming the social and health systems. The health sector is involved in one of the most substantial reforms of the entire Romanian society. In this macroeconomic context, a series of specific indicators are used to characterize the health system in Romania (the number, structure and evolution of medical personnel, the number of health units, employment in health and social care, the average gross nominal earnings in health and welfare system, GDP allocated to health etc.). In conclusion, health state is a complex concept, which is always in a systemic relationship with the overall state of society and, therefore, with the other components of the economy such as the quality of life, of the environment, of the cultural and educational level etc. Keywords:health and social care system; number of physicians; number of hospitals; beds in hospitals per 1000 inhabitants; number of patients out of hospital; econometric model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Andreea Iluzia Iacob,The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, 6, Romana Square, district 1, 010374, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


138

ECONOMIC INCLUSION AND HEALTH INVESTMENTS IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Denada Frasholli, Banking and Finance Department Epoka University, Tirana, Albania Eglantina Hysa, Lecturer at Economics Department Epoka University, Tirana, Albania

Abstract

Contrary to the well-recognized and studied causality running from economic growth to health, this study presents evidence of the reverse causation - from health to economic growth. The study tries to analyze the processes and connections that trigger the relationship between investment in health and the achievement of economic growth. This paper goes through a review and an analysis of the effects that health investment has on economic growth and the economic rationale for investing in health. The focus of this research paper is finding out how better health serves as a predictor of economic growth and the degree to which economic growth is explained by health expenditures in South Eastern European countries. Regression analysis, used in identifying the relation between health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita for SEE countries, are based in the data of World Bank for years 2000-2011. Keywords: Health, Investment, GDP per Capita ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Denada Frasholli, Banking and Finance Department Epoka University, Tirana, Albania E-mail address:[email protected]


139

IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN LEVELS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION PROCESSES

Viliam Lendel,Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic

Štefan Hittmár,Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic

Eva Siantová,Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic

Abstract

The main aim of the paper is highlight the possibility of identification of the main levels in the management of innovation processes. The identification of the current level can significantly contribute to improving the management of innovation processes in Slovak businesses. The recommendations should serve as a valuable tool for managers to a successful course of innovation processes in the company. This paper reports the results of research about the achieved level of innovation processes in terms of Slovak businesses.

Keywords: innovation, innovation process, innovation management, level,company

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Viliam Lendel,Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


140

THE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE SERVICE QUALITY THROUGH CUSTOMERS ‘SATISFACTION

Jarmila Klementová, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia Ján Závadský, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia Zuzana Závadská, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia Abstract The contribution deals with the measurement and evaluation of the service quality. It is carried out through the proposed quality criteria for the field of education and information services provided to customers by the institution. The customers evaluate proposed criteria through questionnaires, using the five-grade rating scale, through which reflect the level of their satisfaction, respectively dissatisfaction with the criterion. The evaluation of individual quality criteria determines in which areas of the process of providing services improvement is needed. The measurement results are evaluated statistically and graphically, and also by the correlation analysis on the basis of which can be determined dependence between the quality criteria. These results are of great importance in determining in the quality management process, they allow determining of the impact of changes of one criterion on the other criteria, and the more precise determination of priorities for improving of the services quality. Keywords: service quality, information services, customers’ satisfaction, management of quality ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jarmila Klementová, Technical University, T.G. Masaryka 24, Zvolen 960 53, Slovakia,E-mail address:[email protected]


141

INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR CEE

Andreea Maria Pece, Faculty of Economics Sciences and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University,

Cluj-Napoca, Romania Olivera Ecaterina Oros Simona, Faculty of Economics, Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania Florina Salisteanu, Faculty of Economics, Valahia University, Targoviste, Romania

Abstract The innovation, R&D expenditures and the investments in technology are premises for ensuring competitiveness and progress, and through them a sustainable economic growth. A sustained level of education of the workforce, increasing investments in research area, the creation of the new products and the facile access of investors to stock markets, firstly, will ensure the development of the private and public sectors, and secondly, will improve the living conditions of the population.The purpose of this paper is to analyze if the long term economic growth is influenced by the innovation potential of an economy. Our analysis was performed by using multiple regression models estimated for the following CEE countries, namely Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary. In order to quantify the innovation we have used various variables, such as number of patents, number of trademarks, R&D expenditures. The results provide evidence of a positive relationship between economic growth and innovation. Keywords: economic growth, innovation, education, research and development, CEE countries ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Andreea Maria Pece, Faculty of Economics Sciences and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


142

CALCULATIONS IN MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING

Oľga Poniščiaková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Martina Gogolová, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Katarína Ivánková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Abstract Nowadays, managers like to use various tools in order to support the management processes. Cost calculations represent one of value management tools. They are also the oldest and most used tool. However, they are constantly evolving in order to reflect current business environment conditions. Cost calculations are used, to large extent, by managerial accounting. Managerial accounting replaces traditional cost calculation methods by more progressive ones. This paper deals with the ABC calculation and especially with benefits that it offers to management compared with traditional cost calculation methods. Keywords: management, managerial accounting, cost calculations, ABC calculation method, traditional cost calculations,comprasion ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Oľga Poniščiaková, Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


143

PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION Katarina Frajtová-Michalíková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of

Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia Erika Spuchľáková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina,

Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia Mária Mišanková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina,

Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Abstract Selects a method of optimal portfolio is a reflection of the fact that investors are not only operating in different stages of the investment process, but also know the nature of this business. Set of basic knowledge to understand the problems of portfolio selection consists of a portfolio assessment parameters, based on the fundamental aspects of each investment, especially from the proceeds and investment risk, also for reasons of construction and portfolio selection, where the construction of the portfolio is an investment strategy that allows you to optimize the overall rate of return investment for the risk. Another fundamental aspect is the size parameter reinsurance portfolio to ensure the use of statistical relationships and probability. Aspect of the existence of logical and psychological aspects of portfolio selection is a psychological. Keywords:Optimal portfolio, risk, investment, yield, share ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Katarina Frajtová-Michalíková, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


144

THE USING OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS IN HUMAN RESOURCE CONTROLLING

Monika Ďugelová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Strenitzerova Mariana, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Abstract The paper deals with the problem of qualitative indicators measurement in human resource controlling system. The object of our study, IT companies in Slovak republic, facing problem of poor employee productivity and efficiency evaluation. Our aim is to compare several authors’ solutions, to choose the best one with respect to IT companies’ characteristics and to propose adequate implementation methodology. With using method of comparison, abstraction and concretisation we highlight data envelopment analysis method (DEA) as the complex performance indicator. DEA provides efficiency ratings that make the maximum possible using of the available data, the sources of inefficiency can be analysed and quantified for every evaluated unit (one employee), multiple indicators can be handled and the indicators can be measured in different units of measurement. According to various authors we create own scheme of inputs and outputs and their mining from existed information systems in selected companies. We recommended using created scheme of DEA method in all IT companies to compare productivity and utilization of employees in one company or in more companies of one branch. Keywords: human resource controlling; Data envelopment analysis; work motivation; employee satisfaction; productivity; efficiency; managerial approach; information and communication company ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Monika Ďugelová, Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia E-mail address: katarina. [email protected]


145

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES Ani Matei, Faculty of Public Administration, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration,

Bucharest, Romania CiprianDrumaşu,Faculty of Public Administration, National School of Political Studies and Public

Administration, Bucharest, Romania

Abstract

Public entities’ Corporate Governance is a concept that is gaining more and more field both in specialized literature and in practice. The public bodies’ Corporate Governance as leadership and control method involves a set of clear rules and principles (integrity, honesty / sincerity, transparency and responsibility), clear risk management and control mechanisms, elements needed to achieve the purpose of public entities, which is satisfying public needs.Is Corporate Governance necessary within public entities? Can it contribute to the efficient use of public funds, the decrease of expenses or budget deficits, the elimination of corruption and the increase in performance in public entities? The purpose of the paper is to achieve an academic analysis of the development process of the Corporate Governance concept in public entities and of how it is an efficient governance form.The research methodology was based on consulting specialized literature, respectively using the historical method for pointing out the milestones in the Corporate Governance concept evolution and the comparative method for the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of corporate governance in the private sector and how this model can be implemented in the public sector.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, public sector, public entities ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ani Matei, Faculty of Public Administration, National School of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


146

THE EFFECT OF CONSUMER MOTIVATION TO PLAY GAMES ON VIDEO GAME- PLAYING ENGAGEMENT

Jūratė Banytė, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Donelaičio st. 20-421, Kaunas LT-44239, Lithuania Agnė Gadeikienė, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Donelaičio st. 20-421, Kaunas LT-44239, Lithuania Abstract The level of consumer engagement in video game playing is influenced by different factors, which can be analyzed from different perspectives. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of consumer motivation to play games on video game-playing engagement. Consumer motivation to play games is analyzed as a two dimensional construct consisting of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the paper. It is reasoned that consumer motivation can be considered as an antecedent of consumer engagement in video game playing. Consumer engagement is defined as a social, interactive behavior, which is formed by continuous involving processes. Consumer game-playing engagement is recognized as a construct, which reflects task-oriented consumer behavior in the game environment. It is characterized by three dimensions – cognitive, emotional and behavioral. Results of the research reveal relations between consumer intrinsic, extrinsic and experiential motivation and different dimensions of game-playing engagement in the case of a particular game type. Results of the study could be valuable for different stakeholders from game designers to those who are interested in gamification decisions for purposes of learning or consumer and company value co-creation, etc. Keywords: Consumer motivation; Engagement; Game-playing ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Jūratė Banytė, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Donelaičio st. 20-421, Kaunas LT-44239, Lithuania E-mail address:[email protected]


147

EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES IN THE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN NORWAY

Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway

Øyvind Kvalvik, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway

Abstract Background: The publicsector in Norway has undergonea number ofrenewals and restructuring processes during the last few years. This development is referred to as New Public Management, and hasresulted in more competition, the need for adaptions to the market, and several new organizational forms. Purpose of Study: To discuss effective use of resourcesin the public management sector in Norway.Sources of Evidence: One key aspect inthe publicsector is thatin additionto emphasizinggood service, the public sector also hasan additionalresponsibility toprovide an additional service or an extendedproduct to itscustomers. A problem in thiscontextmay be to measurethe effectiveness of thisdue tovague anduncleargoals. Another important aspectwhen it comes toefficient use of resourcesin the public sectoristhat it may bedifficult to observeor verifywhat the qualityof a productor service really is.Itcould thereforebeproblematicto draw conclusions aboutwhat effectiveuse of resourcesreally is. Main Argument: Regardless of howone chooses todefineefficient use of resourcesin the public sector, it will beup to the politiciansto decide whetherthe services provided by the publicsector have a high enoughvaluein relation tothe actual use of resources. Conclusions: We conclude thatthere exist several major challengesregarding how to measure the creation of value in the public sector within the domain of New Public Management. Keywords: Use of resources; New Public managment ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway E-mail address:[email protected].


148

EFFICIENCY PROMOTING AND RESTRAINING MANAGEMENT FACTORS IN

THE NORWEGIAN ARMED FORCES Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud,

0517 Oslo, Norway Øyvind Kvalvik, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42

Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway Abstract Background: The Norwegian Armed Forces is apart of the publicmanagement sector inNorway. As an organizationanda community institutionthe Norwegian Armed Forces is responsible for governing largefinancial, materialand human resources. Purpose of Study: To discuss efficiency promoting and efficiency restraining factors in the Norwegian Armed Forces. Sources of Evidence: We have chosen todiscuss variousefficiency promoting andrestrainingfactors related tofour parts of the Norwegian Armed Forces tasks,structureand resourceassets.These four parts arethe new model of governance, the budgeting and accountingprocess, the procurement policies,and the salary andcareerpolicy. Main Argument: By rationalizing these four parts the Norwegian Armed Forces followthe developments that are taking placewithin otherpublic sectors in Norway.With the introductionof the model of governancean important step is taken in the direction of adaption to the market,although thismarket may be seen as aquasi-market.Conclusions: The model of governance is efficiency promoting, but hasa long way to go before it functions optimally. Moreefficiencypromoting measureshave been implementedin terms of the budget and accountingprocess.This has led toan increased insight intothe ongoing processesand an increaseddegreeof control. The implementation ofa new procurement systemis the most efficiencypromoting factor in order toimprove all aspects ofthe Norwegian Armed Forces procurements. However, the salary and career policy is perceived astoo complicated andpoorlycommunicated Keywords: Public management sector; Norwegian Armed Forces; efficiency promoting factors; efficiency restraining factors ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ole Boe, Department of Military Leadership and Tactics, Norwegian Military Academy, P.O. Box 42 Linderud, 0517 Oslo, Norway E-mail address:[email protected].


149

EMPLOYEE CONNECTIONS THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL TEAM MANAGEMENT SCORECARD

Alptekin Erkollar, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey Birgit Oberer, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract Many organizations that resist change are missing growing opportunities; global business interactions are easier to conduct with new technologies; and people become more dynamic in an global work environment. Organizations gain the flexibility to draw on skills and knowledge of virtual teams; investing in these teams to gain a competitive advantage, focusing on their multidimensional character. In this study, a multidimensional team scorecard template was developed that enables a requirements analysis for managing virtual teams. The results revealed that the developed multidimensional team scorecard covers the main strategic dimensions from a management perspective and, in particular, relies on the qualitative factors of the team, determines the quality and group dynamics deficits of a team, and may provide incentives for a sustainable team management approach. Keywords: Scorecard, team management, employee, virtual team ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Alptekin Erkollar, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


150

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF MANAGERES Minárová Martina, Matej Bel University, Faculty of Economics, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90,

Slovakia Malá Denisa, Matej Bel University, Faculty of Economics, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia Sedliačiková Mariana, Technical University in Zvolen, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technologies, T.G.

Masaryka 2117/24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia Abstract In the 21st century, it is insufficient to only possess high cognitive intelligence. More and more emphasis is put on the ability of managers to analyze their inner feelings, realize their own manifestation of emotions, as well as their strong will ability to have strong will. This paper deals with emotional intelligence, which we consider to be an important component of a manager’s competence. We present the results of our own research, focus on the analysis of levels of emotional intelligence of managers, according to Goleman’s domains of emotional intelligence. The research was carried out within the project VEGA Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; SME´s; Managere; Goleman´s model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Malá Denisa, Matej Bel University, Faculty of Economics, Tajovského 10, Banská Bystrica 975 90, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


151

WHY BANKS USE CREDIT DERIVATIVES? REVIEW PAPER Walaa Ismael Alnassar

Othman Bin Chin Abstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for the use of credit derivatives (CDs) by banks in risk management. It also aims to examine the extent of the use of hedging theories in the prediction of CDs. Most of the available literature which focuses on the factors that determine the use of CDs are reviewed to achieve the main purpose. The findings show that the use of hedging theories is beneficial in the prediction of CDs as hedging instruments. In addition, the decision on the use of CDs as hedging instruments is positively and consistently associated with the size of banks, costs of financial distress, the use of other risk management instruments and the level of exposure to risk. At the same time, it is negatively associated with the capital positions of the banks. With regards to the factor of the liquidity of the asset, findings on the impact of the use of CDs are contradictory. Hence, this study provides an extensive review on the factors that influence the decision on the use of CDs by banks, as well as identify the theory that supports its use. Finally, the study attempts to forecast the likelihood of using CDs for hedging by banks. Keywords: CDs, Size of bank, Costs of Financial Distress, Risk Management, Exposure to Risk ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Walaa Ismael Alnassar



152

INTEGRATIVE-CYCLICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF QUALITY CONTROL OF RESOURCE SAVING BY THE USE OF

INNOVATION FACTORS

Anatoliy Alekseevich Alabugin, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Economics and

Management Engineering Vol:2, No:2, 2015 Nikolay Konstantinovich Topuzov, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Economics and

Management Engineering Vol:2, No:2, 2015 Sergei Viktorovich Aliukov, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Economics and

Management Engineering Vol:2, No:2, 2015 Abstract It is well known,that while we do aquantitativeevaluation of the quality control of some economic processes(in particular, resource saving) with help innovationfactors, there are three groups of problems: high uncertainty of indicators of the qualitymanagement, their considerable ambiguity, and high costs to provide a large-scale research. These problems are defined by the use of contradictory objectives of enhancing of the quality control in accordance with innovationfactors andpreservation of economicstability of the enterprise. The most acutely, such factors are felt in the countries lagging behind developed economies of the world according to criteria of innovativeness and effectiveness of management of the resource saving. Keywords:integrative-cyclicalapproach, qualitycontrol, evaluation, innovationfactors, economicsustainability, innovationcycle of management, disbalanceofgoals of development

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Anatoliy Alekseevich Alabugin,World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Economics and Management Engineering Vol:2, No:2, 2015



153

GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS OF ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING IN MIDDLE EAST – A CASE

STUDY IN TURKEY

Mahmoud Khalid Almsafir, Ayman Abdal-Majeed Ahmad Al-smadiGraduate Business School, College of Graduate Studies,Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang

Muzamri bin Mukthar, Ayman Abdal-Majeed Ahmad Al-smadiGraduate Business School, College of Graduate Studies,Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang

Abstract The financial industries around the world have increasingly become extremely crucial in our contemporary days. Some industries are significant indicators about the economy’s performance. If a country enjoys a stable financial regime then its economy would automatically be robust and strong. The purpose of this paper is to measure and discuss the impact and performance of conventional and Islamic banking in Turkey during the global financial crisis. The profitability, operational efficiency, liquidity and business growth are taken into consideration as a measuring factor to determine the performance of both financial modes. The period of study is taken during the financial crisis in 1997 and during the global financial crisis in 2007. The comparison is made between the performances of conventional banking with Islamic banking in Turkey. This paper examines some secondary data, which was distributed through the annual report from one of the bank in Turkey since 2002 until 2013. The SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) “18.0” has been used to explore and compare between Islamic finance model and other models. The findings show that Islamic banking had performed better than conventional banking. Hence, it can be concluded that the Islamic banking system is able to sustain, survive and compete with the conventional banking system especially during the global financial crisis. Keywords: Islamic banking, Conventional banking, Turkey Islamic Banking, Global financial crisis ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Mahmoud Khalid Almsafir, Ayman Abdal-Majeed Ahmad Al-smadiGraduate Business School, College of Graduate Studies,Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang E-mail address:[email protected]


154

OVERVIEW ON MULTISCALE ASSET PRICING MODEL CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE FINANCIAL MARKET ANALYSIS

Anyssa Trimech, Computational Mathematics Laboratory, Higher Institute of Finances and Tax Systems, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia

Abstract The purpose of this work is to put forward a methodology aimed to analyze the multifactor asset pricing models (i.e. Fama and French model (1993), Carhart (1997) andTuran G. Bali and Nusret Cakici (2004)) over various time horizons in the French Stock Market. The suggested approach exploits the decomposition scheme inherent to the wavelet-based Multiresolution Analysis allowing to investigate the time-scale relationships between stock returns and risk factors. The empirical results show that the explanatory power of the wavelet-based multifactor models is scale-sensitive. Besides, the relationship between the portfolio returns and the risk factors (i.e. the market, size, momentum, value and value at risk factors) depends significantly upon the considered time-horizon. Keywords: multiresolution analysis, multifactor pricing model, multiscale asset pricing model, French market ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Anyssa Trimech, Computational Mathematics Laboratory, Higher Institute of Finances and Tax Systems, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia) E-mail address:[email protected]


155

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF KAZAKHSTAN: CASE OF INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Galiya Mertai kyzy Berdykulova, International University of Information Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan,

Kazakhstan Oleg Lyssenko, International University of Information Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan Erlan Berdykulov, International University of Information Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan Zhamilya Berdykulova,International University of Information Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan,

Kazakhstan Abstract This article is a result of conducting the research “Development of innovative educational technologies in social sciences” done by Economics and Business Chair (EBC) of International University of Information Technology (IITU). Object of research is innovative educational technologies IET); purpose is to find what innovative educational technology in teaching is and learning economic disciplines while preparing IT managers and IT financiers and recommend terms and requirements according which technologies will be used. The following objectives were put in order to reach the purpose: definition of innovations and innovative technologies (IT) in higher education(HE) by studying legislative and normative documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK); research of RK’s and foreign references; studyingdefinitions of innovative activity in universities of HE of RK and Almaty in the Internet and published sources; reviewing, surveying and testing of faculty members of Almaty; revealing the readiness of academic teachers to use IT; defining barriers in developing IET; developing the Passport of IT in HE; developing a New Model of an Academic Teacher; launching an innovativeat EBC an innovative platform in the form of the innovative educational center. Keywords: innovative activity, launching an innovative, Internet ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Galiya Mertai kyzy Berdykulova, International University of Information Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan. E-mail address:[email protected]


156

ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE PERCEPTIONS AS PREDICTOR OFJOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL

COMMITMENT

Uyanga Ganbaatar, California State University, East Bay

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between perceived organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment using a field sample. Sample for the present study consisted of 360 faculty members working in public universities of Mongolia. Questionnaire was used as data collection instrument, SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze data. Overall organizational justice had weak relation to affective commitment whereas distributive, procedural justice was significantly related to normative commitment. Also both distributive and procedural justice was found to be significantly related to job satisfaction.

Keywords: Perceived organizational justice, Organizational commitment and Job satisfaction

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Uyanga Ganbaatar, California State University, East Bay E-mail address:[email protected]


157

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION

Hadi Seyedfazli, Department of EMBA, Faculty of management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Iran

Abstract Innovation is one of the most important factors for the growth and development of the organizations.Today’s rapid development in economy, innovation, globalization and technology influences the Oil Industry environment. With the recent growth of the worldwide economy and the fast-changing progress of innovation and technology. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between types of organizational culture and organizational innovation among Oil Industry workers. A total of 4000 employees in Oil Industry in Ahvaz one of the large city in the Southwestern of Iran participated and completed the survey, included of 173 questionnaire items related to these two constructs. This research is quantitative survey design. Questionnaires were utilized as an instrument for the purpose of this study. Correlation analysis was done on the data gathered from the questionnaire based on 95% of confidence level. Regression was employed to analyses the hypothesizes of the research. The findings of this research discovered support for these hypothesizes, confirming that adhocracy culture and clan culture positively influences organizational innovation and hierarchy culture and market culture negatively influences organizational innovation among Oil Industry workers. Keywords: hypothesizes, large city, economy ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Hadi Seyedfazli, Department of EMBA, faculty of management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Iran E-mail address:[email protected]


158

ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE PERCEPTIONS AS PREDICTOR OF JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL

COMMITMENT

Uyanga Ganbaatar, California State University, East Bay Enkhbold Chuluunbaatar,Institute of Finance and Economics, Mongolia

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between perceived organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment using a field sample. Sample for the present study consisted of 360 faculty members working in public universities of Mongolia. Questionnaire was used as data collection instrument, SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze data. Overall organizational justice had weak relation to affective commitment whereas distributive, procedural justice was significantly related to normative commitment. Also both distributive and procedural justice were found to be significantly related to job satisfaction.

Keywords:Perceived organizational justice, Organizational commitment and Job satisfaction

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Uyanga Ganbaatar, California State University, East Bay E-mail address:[email protected]


159

AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH FOR THE SERVICE QUALITY MEASUREMENT IN DIRECTORATES OF LAND REGISTRY

WITH SERVQUAL ANALYSIS Aysel Çetindere, Balıkesir University, Dursunbey Vocational School, Balıkesir 10000, Turkey Cengiz Duran, Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kütahya 43000,

Turkey Hayati Saygı, Dumlupınar University, Science Specialist, Kütahya 43000, Turkey Abstract In today, hard competitive requierements, alongside manufacturing firms have been influenced by these developments. At this point it is required to increase sevice quality to go strategic competitive advantage in todays business entreprises. Howeverthe quality concept is more difficult to conceptualize and measure in the service sectors than others. For this reason, conceptualizing and measuring quality using appropriate methods is utmost important for guiding service management applications.This study was done in directorates of land registry (Altındağ, Çankaya, Etimesgut, Keçiören, Mamak and Sincan) in Ankara. In the study Servqual method was used as a means of measuring services quality. The data from the measuring were analysed and the level of perception and expectation of customers were compared. Keywords:Service, quality,directorates of land registry, servqual analysis ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Aysel Çetindere,Balıkesir University, Dursunbey Vocational School, Balıkesir 10000, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


160

APPLICATION OF BENCHMARKING (COMPARISON OF SERVICE) IN LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS: THE CASE OF

NİLÜFER MUNICIPALITY

Cengiz Duran, Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kütahya 43000, Turkey

Aysel Çetindere, Balıkesir University, Dursunbey Vocational School, Balıkesir 10000, Turkey Birsen Karaaslan, Dumlupınar University, Science Specialist, Kütahya 43000, Turkey

Abstract Benchmarking is a quality management process which provide the opportunity to businesses, institutions and organizations to develop self-examining with best practices in the industry. As a driving force benchmarking bring change to managed and thus enabling continuous improvement and quality. In theliterature of business administration the notion of benchmarking would be defined as comparison of the services in the field of public management.In the local authorities, a process about feasibility of benchmarking consist 4 levels and 9 steps was produced. This process was sustained through interviewswith quality management agents in the municipality according to answer-question technique. At the end of the work,the municipality uses strategic benchmarking according to point of focus, functionalbenchmarking according to chosen partner since 2003. These works are functioned by including strategic planning process in quality management system. Keywords: Benchmarking, local administrations, quality management system ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Cengiz Duran, Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kütahya 43000, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


161

A RESARCH ON DETERMINING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ADVENTURE TOURISM

Ayşe Çelik Yetim, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Management Faculty,Turkey Murat Özekin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Management Faculty,Turkey Abstract Numerous researchers have searched impact of tourism. Mathieson and Wall (1982) classified the impacts of tourism as economic, physical and social. The other impact of tourism examined as an environmental impact. Increasing demand for ecotourism and nature-based tourism in recent years has also created more emphasis for impacts of natural environment and adventure tourism. Adventure tourism can be defined an outdoor activity involving the natural environment where the tourist enjoys the experience of an uncertain outcome (Yerkes, 1985). some of the more common adventure tourism activities are paragliding, ballooning, bird watching, camping, diving, fishing, hang-gliding, horseback riding, climbing, orienteering, rogaining, adventure racing, sailing, skiing, bungee jumping, hiking, rappelling (Sung, 1996). Adventure travel is one of the fastest growing but least understood forms of international tourism. Its role in the economic development of remote world places and its impact on local society, economy, and the environment are not fully comprehended (Zurick, 1992). Unplanned and poorly managed tourism development can demage the natural environment (Hall, 2001: 604).The aim of this research, determining the environmental impact of adventure tourism in Mediterrenean Sea region. Sample of this research is Fethiye which has convenient resources for adventure tourism. In order to determine the environmental impact of adventure tourism in Fethiye an interview will be conducted with service providers which will include adventure tourism companies, tour operators and travel agencies.Environmental impact of adventure tourism will evaluate with conservation and degradation level. Degradation level of environment will analyse (a) pressure of natural resources, (b) harm to wildlife/habitat and biodiversity loss, (c) pollution (Zurick, 1992). At the end of the study environmental impact of adventure tourism and 3S (sea, sand, sun) tourism will compare. Strategic tourism planning suggestion will advice destination management organization relating to adventure tourism to make it more environmental management. Keywords: Environmental Impact, Adventure Tourism, Fethiye. ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ayşe Çelik Yetim, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Management Faculty E-mail address:[email protected]


162

KURUMSAL SOSYAL SORUMLULUK KAMPANYALARININ GENÇ TÜKETİCİLERİN MARKA BİLİNİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ

ETKİSİ: UYGULAMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA İlhami Çağrı Aka, Gediz University,Turkey Sezin Baysal Berkup, Gediz University,Turkey Özet Küreselleşmenin sonucunda artan rekabette öne geçmek isteyen işletmeler kâr odaklı olmanın yanında sosyal sorumluluk faaliyetlerini de kullanma yoluna gitmişlerdir.İşletmelerin sosyal sorumluluk bilincine sahip olmaları, rekabet avantajı yaratabilmeleri için önemli bir farklılaşma unsuru haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte talep ettikleri bilgiye kolayca ulaşabilen tüketiciler, kendilerine sunulan birçok alternatiften dolayı karar verme sürecinde her geçen gün daha da zorlanmaktadırlar. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birçok farklı mesaja maruz kalan tüketiciler satın alma kararlarında daha bilinçli ve seçici hale gelmişlerdir. Sosyal konulara karşı tüketicilerin ilgi düzeyinin artması işletmelerin ve markaların kurumsal sosyal sorumluluğa verdikleri önemin de artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Günümüzün tüketicisi, ürün ve hizmetini satın aldığı işletmelerden topluma da katkıda bulunmalarını istemektedir. İşletmeler, sosyal sorumluluğu stratejik bir araç olarak kullanarak müşterilerin tutum ve davranışlarında olumlu bir imaj, güven duygusu ve sadakat oluşturarak kârlılıklarını yükseltebilmektedirler.Küreselleşme olgusu toplumların değer yargılarını değiştirdiği gibi işletmelerin de pazarlama ve yönetim anlayışlarını da değiştirmektedir. Bu durum işletmelerin ekonomik olduğu kadar, aynı zamanda da sosyal bir misyonlarının bulunması ve topluma faydalı kuruluşlar olmaları gerektiği gerçeğini ortaya koymaktadır.Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kampanyaları, topluma sosyal fayda kazandırma amacına yönelik gerçekleştirilmelidir. İşletmeler, varlıklarını korumak, kârlılık düzeylerini arttırmak, kurum ve marka imajını güçlendirmek ve tüketici gözünde marka farkındalığı yaratmak amacıyla kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kampanyalarının içinde yer almaktadırlar. Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kampanyalarının, samimi olarak gerçekleştirildiği ve reklam amacı taşımadığı durumlarda tüketici tarafından kabul gördüğü ve tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarını da olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre genç tüketicilerin de kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kampanyası yürüten markalara karşı güven duyduğu ve kampanya yürüten bir marka satın aldığında destek verdiği için olumlu yönde etkilendiği söylenebilir.Araştırmanın amacı; İzmir ilindeki seçilmiş üniversitelerin işletme bölümde okuyan öğrencilerin, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kampanyası uygulayan markalara karşı tutumlarını incelemektir. Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kampanyalarının genç tüketiciler üzerindeki olası yansımalarının, gençlerin kampanyalar hakkındaki düşüncelerinin ve kampanyaların marka farkındalığı oluşturma üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi ile katılım şekillerinde farklılığa sebep olan unsurların ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Sorumluluk, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Kampanyaları, Marka Kavramı, Marka Farkındalığı ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:İlhami Çağrı Aka, Gediz University, Turkey



163

SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN

LOGISTICS, BOTH DURING AND AFTER GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS

Mgr. Dawuda Alhassan, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Department of Industrial Engineering and Information

Systems Czech Republic

Abstract

Research on sustainability and environmental issues in logistics have recently become one of the most interesting topics for managers, governments and academics alike. However, sustainability touches almost every single issue conceivable; for instance, climate change to human rights, policymakers, investors, and companies alike must also look at the risks and find innovative solutions to the range of challenges in order to become sustainable in the near future. Meanwhile, the public, the scientific communities and the media are all focusing on environmental concerns the world is facing now. As of water pollution to global warming, environmental issues affect animal, community, nation and everybody on the earth. As per increasing evidence backing the shocking effect humans have on the environment, others are taking the initiative to protect the environment and educate more people about environmental complications by looking at the topmost environmental concerns. This investigation takes an overview of definitions, theories and models, relevant literature and examples drawn from earlier academics papers. Then, the discussions of specific features of the topic as well as existing research limitations; this should stimulate further research. Both researchers and practitioners in companies or organizations might find the reviews useful as the paper summarizes the major lines of the research in these disciplines. Therefore, the research paper main objective is to contribute to the quality of sustainability and environmental issues in logistics research and the status of these disciplines among the scientific community.

Keywords: Environmental, Sustainability, Logistics, Supply chain systems ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mgr. Dawuda Alhassan, Tomas Bata University in Zlin Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Systems Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


164

ECONOMIC CRITERIA FOR EU MEMBERSHIP AND LEGISLATION ON EC

ONOMIC REFORMS IN MACEDONIA

Abdula Azizi, Southeast european university, Faculty of public administration and political sciences

Abstract Given that the Republic of Macedonia is a candidate country for membership in the European Union (since 2005), in the framework of this paper will analyze the implementation of the Copenhagen economic criteria. So while until now in Macedonia to this problem is not devoted adequate attention in academic circles, it is considered necessary to explain and analyze the theoretical aspect of the taken economic reforms. Through this paper I will scrutinize an economic segment, which deals with the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressures and market forces within the EU, since accession could take place as soon as Macedonia were capable of fulfilling them. The essence of this research has to do with an objective analysis based on annual reports of the European Commission. In this research, in addition I made an analysis of survey realized with business representatives on the reforms that state had make in the field of economy. I hope that in the future this work will encourage research and other activities related to the harmonization of national economic legislation with EU legislation.

Keywords: European Union, economic criteria, Macedonia ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Abdula Azizi, Southeast european university, Faculty of public administration and political sciences E-mail address:[email protected]


165

INNOVATION AND PUBLIC REFORM Razvan Bujac,National School of Political Science and Public Administration, Romania

Abstract

Innovation involves taking a risk and accepting a potential of failure. Thus, reporting to our public administrative system, the process of innovation is not normally associated with thinking and acting within the public sector. This is a real challenge, and if this challenge is overcome, innovation has the proper internal channels to take effect. Innovation is a dynamic process that changes the overall architecture of government, identify issues, challenges, develop new processes, creative, and selection and implementation of new solutions. Thus, in general the features of innovation coincides largely with the reform process. Important factor on promoting innovation is promoting a creative mindset. The innovation process is essential to increase public sector efficiency and for delivering quality and competitive public services.The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze innovation as a social phenomenon and how it is tangential to the public administration reform and identify the defining characteristics that classify the reform process as one innovative. Based on a review and analysis of the literature, acceptions of the reform process and innovation in the public sector, its objectives, motivational factors, barriers, and indissoluble link between reform and innovation will be presented in this paper.

Keywords: Innovation, reform, public administration, public services, the European Union

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Razvan Bujac,National School of Political Science and Public Administration, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


166

IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CRISIS ON THE STABILITY BANKING SECTORS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND GREAT BRITAIN

Liběna Černohorská, Fakulta ekonomicko-správníUniverzita Pardubice-Ústav ekonomických věd, Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Univerzita Pardubicekonzultační hodiny pondělí 11 - 13 hod

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to compare banking sectors in the Czech Republic and Great Britain and to analyse the financial indicators that affect the stability of the selected banking sectors. The greatest differences in these banking sectors lie in the regulation of the banking sectors monitored and the instruments used in monetary policy and they differ also in the models of banking systems used. The analysis of the banking sectors is performed with eight financial indicators and, based on their evolution in the years 2006-2013, the stability of the selected banking sectors will be able to be determined.

Keywords: eight financial indicators, banking systems

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Liběna Černohorská,Fakulta ekonomicko-správníUniverzita Pardubice-Ústav ekonomických věd, Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Univerzita Pardubice konzultační hodiny pondělí 11 - 13 hod E-mail address:[email protected]


167

TOXIC ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ITALIAN

AND RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Alena Fedorova, Ural Federal University, Russia Maria Menshikova, Sapienza University Rome, Italy Abstract The concept of the organizational toxicity is based on the study and synthesis of research results on the destructive aspects of the culture and working environment inside the organization. Toxic elements of the organizational environment have a negative impact on employees and cause a deterioration in their health and well-being that ultimately leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the use of human resources, in particular, and financial losses as a whole. Thus, there is underestimated the social aspect of a negative impact of the organization's economic activities on psychosocial health at work. The given research deals with the issue of the organizational toxicity, expressed in reducing the level of well-being and deterioration of physical and psychosocial health of workers caused by the economic activities of the company. The theoretical study has allowed us to formulate hypotheses about the toxic management practices and their negative impact on workers’ psychosocial health. An empirical study conducted by the authors in comparison between Russian and Italian companies has permitted to verify the given hypotheses: to examine in detail the nature of the organizational toxicity and to identify toxic elements of the socio-labour relations in the company. An important feature of the current research is studying the toxic elements of working environment from the employers and employees points of view. Keywords: underestimated, empirical, permitted ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Alena Fedorova, Ural Federal University, Russia E-mail address:[email protected]


168

THE CHANGING FACE OF THE EMPLOYEES- GENERATION AND THEIR PERCEPTIONS OF WORK

Betül Solmaz Mustafa Özkan It is known that the Generation Z's, whose was born after 1990, character and mindsets are different according to previous generations. The generation Z who will participate or participated in the labor force shortly before, their expectations are different from employers. Increased workplace flexibility is like more work-life balance and more quickly career-oriented work. This study will be carried out with 300 university students.This study is to determine how the work perception of Z generation. For the measurement of work perception, it is utilized the scale of organizational behavior Minnesota job satisfaction scale, personality inventory scales, at the same time it is planned to create a new scale. In the analysis of the obtained datas, it will be used that non-parametric statistical tests and multiple regression analysis. Keywords: career-oriented, organizational, parametric statistical

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Betül Solmaz E-mail address:[email protected]


169

HOME BIAS AND SECTOR VS GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION

Saoussen Othmani, carthage university, département of management, Tunisia

Abstract

The study focuses in home bias and Euro bias in international asset allocation and offers some insight into understanding these puzzles. We present an empirical analysis of the possible determinants that play behind the switch from home bias to Euro bias and many explanations for the two phenomena are considered and discussed.We rely on a model considering the financial integration, financial transparency, the European Monetary Union (EMU), cultural distance, country risk, the number of industries (NI) and the development of the stock market as key elements to justify the transition of a home bias to Euro bias.The empirical analysis produces some interesting results. It confirms the significant impact of these variables on the preference of European investors for assets from Euro zone countries. We conclude that financial integration is an important framework to explain the Euro bias, which would ultimately shaped the proportions of equities invested in European portfolios and this bias could be streamlined through the use of sector diversification especially after the financial crisis of 2008.

Keywords: home bias, Euro bias, integration, sector diversification

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Saoussen Othmani, carthage university, département of management Tunisia E-mail address:[email protected]


170

OPTIMAL INFORMAL ECONOMY RATIO FOR TURKISH ECONOMY

Murat Binay, Yeditepe Üniversitesi,İstanbul

Abstract This study is an attempt to analyse optimal informal economy ratio for Turkish economy. Informal economy has advantages and disadvantages and there is a study that 1-point increase at informal economy increases the economic growth 0,27 point for Turkish economy.Informal economy causes revenue losses consisting of both tax and social security premium. But also it causes economic growth.In the study, the relationship between the state revenue(premium and tax) and economic growth for Turkish economy will be analyzed. Monthly data covering the period between March 2005 and December 2013 from TUİK (Turkish Statistics Institution) were used in the study. The model will be estimated using Engle-Granger Two-Step Estimation Procedure.By the model it will be tried to assess the optimal informal economy ratio for Turkish economy and where the Turkish economy stands according to this ratio and the gain of the economy at this optimum rate respectively Keywords:Informal economy ratio, economic growth ratio ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Murat Binay, Yeditepe Üniversitesi,İstanbul E-mail address:[email protected]


171

ASSESSMENT OF THE CRDIBILITY OF KEY BUSINESS CLIENTS Emese Tokarčíková, University of Žilina, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, Department of

Macro and Microeconomics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic Oľga Poniščiaková, University of Žilina, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, Department of

Macro and Microeconomics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic Viera Bartošová, University of Žilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication

Department of Economics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26, Žilina, Slovak Republic Abstract The economic recession brings problems often affecting the existence of enterprises and organizations. The growing problem of increase in the number of claims after maturity affects many enterprises. One of the tools for the management of customer receivables is regular assessment of the credibility of current and potential customers. The subject of the article is the proposal of the methods for assessing the credibility of key customers in the manufacturing enterprise. Keywords: rating the credibility of customers, financial health, risk, ranking, scoring ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Emese Tokarčíková, University of Žilina, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, Department of Macro and Microeconomics, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovak Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


172

THE LAFFER EFFECT AT TURKISH SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION’S PREMIUM REVENUE

Murat Binay, Yeditepe Üniversitesi,İstanbul Abstract This study is an attempt to analyse and deep the insurance premium rate/load as a factor that influences the premium revenues for the Social Security Administration by using the Laffer curve logic and to identify the premium load that maximizes premium revenues and the improvement it would bring to the Administration.Turkish Social Security system separates the employees three main groups: Indıvıduals working on service contract who are subject to SSK(Social Insurance Administration) , Individuals working on their own names and accounts who are subject to Bağ-Kur(Craftsmen And Artisans And Other Self-Employed Social Insurance Institution) and public employees who are subject to ES (Retirement Fund General Directorate) before the social security reform.The previous study, “Model Proposal for Investigating and Increasing the Social Security Administration’s Premium Collection Revenue” analysed the relationship between the premium revenue and premium rate/load for all the employees and make a total analyse for premium rate and revenue. In this study it will be focused on : Indıvıduals working on service contract who are subject to SSK(Social Insurance Administration) before the reform.The monthly data for the period between October 2008 and December 2012 were used in the study. The results of the analysis revealed a significantly parabolic relationship between the Administration’s premium revenues and insurance premium load, which is similar to the Laffer curve. The insurance premium rate that would maximize the Administration’s premium revenues was found to be 36.9% and it was determined that an improvement amount of 6.8 billion TL would have been obtained for the premium revenues in 2012 if this rate had been applied. In fact the explanatory power of this study (%96) is more than the explanatory power of previous study (%80) because the ex-study consisted of the public employees and trades people whose elasticity is lower against the social security premium rate. Keywords:Premium Rate, Premium Revenue, Earnings Based On Premium, The Laffer Curve ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Murat Binay, Yeditepe Üniversitesi,İstanbul E-mail address:[email protected]


173

BEHAVIORAL ANALYZES OF DAILY TRADING

Vera Jancurova Abstract The goal of this article is to analyze daily trading, often glamorized as an easy path to riches, which is only rarely the case, for the presence of factors defined by behavioral finance. On the background of behavioral finance there are described the features of daily investing and daily traders. Based on the conducted analyzes there are defined biases influencing, especially harming, daily trading. At the end there are made recommendation for daily traders to use the investment strategy as successful as possible. Keywords: behavioral finance there, glamorized, daily traders ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Vera Jancurova E-mail address:[email protected]


174

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF TREATING CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

Ghazal Shahpari, Tarbiat Modares, management and economics, Iran Ali Mohamad Ahmadi, Tarbiat Modares, management and economics, Iran Abstract Governments, social security funds and insurance companies are health care funders which are struggling to meet their rising costs. Because budgets are never large enough, health managers decide which of several courses of action to follow. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to investigate which type of treatments that are known for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, which is epidemic in the Middle East, is the most efficient. There are three types of treatment: Glucantime is the common treatment, Photo Dynamic Therapy and treating by Cantharidin are other ways. Cantharidin is a product which is extracted by the Spanish fly. By means of economic evaluations, we found that as Spanish fly is available in most Jungles, and also because it is the fastest way, this blister technique is the most efficient method. Therefore, if the governments want not to waste time and budget on curing this diseases, it is essential to apply this method of treatment. Keywords: Spanish fly, Glucantime, Cantharidin ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ghazal Shahpari, Tarbiat Modares, management and economics, Iran E-mail address:[email protected]


175

ROLE OF ETHICAL FATORS IN 5S AND TPM IMPLEMENTATION: STUDY OF KURDISH CEMENT

INDUSTRY, IRAQ

Jamal Ahmed Hama Kareem, Management, Faculty ofManagement, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM),

Malaysia

Abstract

Organizations pursue policies and strategies to gain competitive advantage against their competitors. To overcome cost issues and production quality issues, many organizations adopt lean manufacturing techniques such as 5S and TPM. However, many of these organizations especially in developing countries face problems in effective and successful implementation of these techniques 5S and TPM. This is mainly due to lack of employee related factors that are not considered when organizations adopt these techniques. The present study attempts to investigate the role of ethical factors in the implementation of 5S and TPM. The results of the study reveal that manager-subordinate relationship (empowerment) is having insignificant influence on the implementation of 5S and TPM; while ethical training and ethical instructions and commands are found to be influential in the implementation of these techniques. The study provides limitations and future directions for researchers interested in the area Keywords: 5S, TPM, manager-subordinate relationship, ethical training, ethical instructions and commands, developing country, Iraq ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jamal Ahmed Hama Kareem, Management, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia E-mail address:[email protected]


176

ECONOMIC CRITERIA FOR EU MEMBERSHIP AND

LEGISLATION ON

ECONOMIC REFORMS IN MACEDONIA Abdula Azizi, Southeast European University, Faculty of Public Administration and Political Sciences

Abstract Given that the Republic of Macedonia is a candidate country for membership in the European Union (since 2005), in the framework of this paper will analyze the implementation of the Copenhagen economic criteria. So while until now in Macedonia to this problem is not devoted adequate attention in academic circles, it is considered necessary to explain and analyze the theoretical aspect of the taken economic reforms. Through this paper I will scrutinize an economic segment, which deals with the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressures and market forces within the EU, since accession could take place as soon as Macedonia were capable of fulfilling them. The essence of this research has to do with an objective analysis based on annual reports of the European Commission. In this research, in addition I made an analysis of survey realized with business representatives on the reforms that state had make in the field of economy. I hope that in the future this work will encourage research and other activities related to the harmonization of national economic legislation with EU legislation. Keywords: European Union, Copenhagen Economic Criteria, R. of Maceonia ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Abdula Azizi, Southeast european university, Faculty of public administration and political sciences E-mail address:[email protected]


177

FROM A WEAK SIGNAL TO A BOILING FROG SYNDROME OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS OF LEGAL BOUNDARIES IN

THE PAPER- BASED PACKAGING SUPPLY CHAIN!

Thomas Heupel,FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen (Germany), Germany Matthias von Juterzenka,Catholic University San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia (Spain) / FOM University of

Applied Sciences, Essen (Germany), Germany Abstract In the early 1970s Igor Ansoff has described the important role of weak signals for strategic planning. Weak signals are based on the assumption that every effect caused by human is to be foreseen and unsurprising. Under the auspices of discrete discontinuities in economic, political, technical and social affairs, they can be noticed before they come into existence as a whole. (Ansoff, 1982, p.12). Weak signals are those weird, ambiguous nutshells of information about the environment that are habitually hidden among the "noise" of the prevailing sense making criteria, that merge to form a pattern of intelligence (Mendonça et al, 2008, p.10). The printing industry that print and process food packaging operate their businesses within a complex and strict set of regulations and guidelines, set in force by both government agencies and industry associations. These rules ensure that packaging does not negatively impact the products. Swiss studies have shown that cardboard boxes made from recycled material can contain significant portions of mineral oil. Animal studies have shown that mineral oil mixtures with low viscosity are stored in the body and can lead to accumulations and damage in the liver, heart valves and lymph nodes. The increase in the number of food-packaging migration alerts in recent times has been highlighted by consumer protection organisations and the media. The German legislator has decided to act with a national approach towards stringent consumer protection. This paper aims to give an overview of the current status of the “German Ink and Mineral Oil Ordinance” in relation to recent and future risk management within the paper-based packaging supply chain. A possible European spill over will be highlighted. The paper aims to give recommendations for action towards adjusted and more suitable behaviour. Keywords: Weak signals, states of ignorance, paper based packaging, German Ink Ordinance, boiling frog syndrome ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Thomas Heupel,FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen (Germany), Germany E-mail address:[email protected]


178

CATALYSING THREATS TO THE WORLD ECONOMY – ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL RISKS AND GLOBAL MEGATRENDS

AS POTENTIAL CRISIS FACTORS

Thomas Heupel, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen (Germany), Germany Dirk Henrich,Department of Trauma-, Hand- & Reconstructive Surgery, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-

University Abstract Today's global economy has become more complex than ever before. Continents, regions and markets are becoming more and more interconnected. International markets partly reached all-time highs recently, and the global economy is forecasted to grow within the next few years. As far as the global economy is concerned, everything seems to be well on track at first glance. But how safe will the global economy be in the future? Some institutions and analysts are of the opinion that the world faces several serious threats of regional crises, which may become a global crisis through contagion. Even if the issues were resolved, the core problem of high public debt remains. The monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Bank is expected to change in the near future. How will this impact global financial markets and the world economy? The European debt crisis still persists. Are there potential spillover possibilities that can trigger further crises? A year ago, the emerging markets had significant capital outflows, and a stock market crash was predicted. Is there a threat of a similar liquidity crisis? For instance, China is still facing a credit bubble. Keywords: global economy, megatrends, future trends, crisis factors, risk management ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Thomas Heupel, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen (Germany), Germany E-mail address:[email protected]


179

10 YEARS OF BEYOND BUDGETING - EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF SUCCESS AND LIMITATIONS OF

BEYOND BUDGETING APPLICATIONS IN THE BANKING SECTOR

Thomas Heupel, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen (Germany), Germany Sven Schmitz, Aerospace Engineering232B Hammond BuildingPenn State UniversityUniversity Park, PA

1680 Abstract For more than 10 years, the limitations of conventional budgeting are being intensively discussed in practice and science. This criticism mostly refers to the rigidness, great effort and the missing strategic orientation with regard to the distribution of the resources within a company. Already in 1998, the “Beyond Budgeting round table“, a cooperation between economy and science was founded to establish a new kind of resource distribution. The research directors and originators of the Beyond Budgeting concept, Jeremy Hope and Robin Fraser, published an extensive paper in 2003 in which they demonstrated a concept for the allocation of resources without strict plans (see figure 1). The Beyond Budgeting is mostly composed of six principles and six methods which allow an allocation of resources in a highly dynamic economic context. Instead of planning, the focus is set on coordination with the help of internal markets. Following the first publications of the Beyond Budgeting concept by Hope and Fraser, this concept was picked up in practice and science and remodeled several times depending on the problem statement. Despite today’s existing integrated Beyond Budgeting models and some successful implementation in practice the Beyond Budgeting model cannot completely establish itself in comparison to the classical budgeting and the model of Better Budgeting. Beyond Budgeting remains a “radical exotic” within all budgeting approaches. Keywords: beyond budgeting, change management, management accounting, banking model ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Thomas Heupel,FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen (Germany), Germany E-mail address:[email protected]


180

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ENABLERS AND INNOVATION

Hadi Fazli Abstract The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the impact of knowledge management enablers (KMEs) on organizational innovation (OI). The population of the present study is formed by national oil excavation. Questionnaires have been distributed among the mid-level managers and supervisors where only 323 of them have been received back. The current paper implements a structure equation modeling (SEM) method to test the research’s framework and hypotheses. This study emphasizes the key role of enablers of knowledge management such as organizational culture (OC), organizational structure (OS) and information technology (IT).The results show that KMEs have a basic and significant role on the OI. Keywords: population, managers, supervisors, culture ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Hadi Fazli E-mail address:[email protected]


181

ADVENTURE TOURISM MOTIVATION: CASE OF FETHIYE

Ayşe Çelik Yetim, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla Abstract There has been a significant growth in adventure tourism globally over the past several years including Turkey. The traditional package seaside holiday is now less popular than it used to be because tourism has entered a new phase providing for a different type of touristic experience. As a result of this providers within the tourist industry have had to adopt alternative marketing strategies to cater for this need. Product diversification is the key to success for these marketing strategies because the new type of alternative tourism is by its very nature extremely varied. One such branch breaking new frontiers in alternative tourism is adventure tourism. Numerous researchers have provided their own definitions of adventure tourism. For example adventure tourism can be defined an outdoor activity involving the natural environment where the tourist enjoys the experience of an uncertain outcome (Yerkes,1985). It can also be defined as an experience with the elements of nature where the tourist enjoys an experience far removed from his usual safe environment and such activity can lead to an uncertain outcome (Sung, 1996). More specifically some of the more common adventure tourism activities are paragliding, ballooning, bird watching, camping, diving, fishing, hang-gliding, horseback riding, climbing, orienteering, rogaining, adventure racing, sailing, skiing, bungee jumping, hiking, rappelling and many more. Keywords: Adventure Tourism, Quality of Life, Fethiye ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ayşe Çelik Yetim, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla E-mail address:[email protected]


182

PROFIT FORECAST AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE ENTERPRISES COMPETITIVENESS

Kundakchyan R.M., Kazan Federal University, Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Kazan,

420008, Russia Zulfakarova L.F.,Kazan Federal University, Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Kazan,

420008, Russia Abstract This article is devoted to the analysis and model forecasting of enterprise profits to enhance its competitiveness using the meat processing industry as a case study. The research, based on correlation analysis identifies factors generating business profits; builds a dynamic regression profit equation taking into account the economic performance of the enterprise; proposes a model for managing the process of enterprise competitiveness improvement. Keywords: Enterprise profit, dynamic regression equation, company competitiveness, economic efficiency, competitiveness indicators, enhancement of efficiency, meat processing, competitiveness forecasting methods, model for managing the process of enterprise competitiveness improvemnt ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Kundakchyan R.M., Kazan Federal University, Institute of Management, Economics and Finance, Kazan, 420008, Russia E-mail address:[email protected]


183

PROSPECTS AND TRENDS OF TOURIST DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT (AS EXEMPLIFIED IN THE REPUBLIC OF

TATARSTAN) Mishakin T.S Razumovskaya E.M. Berdnikova O.A. Ivanov S.E.

Abstract The given article presents prospective lines of tourist destination development in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main achievements in this industry over the year of 2014 are defined and the basic lines of tourism development are determined. Keywords:tourism industry; tourist destination; tourist product introduction ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mishakin T.S E-mail address:[email protected]


184

A GLOBAL COMPARISON OF BANKS; SPECIFIC EXAMPLES GERMANY, CHINA & USA

Barry Hugh Massey, Barry H. Massey & Christian Hose, FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Essen, Germany

Christian Hose, Barry H. Massey & Christian Hose, FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Essen, Germany

Abstract A global comparison of banks: specific examples Germany, China & USAResearchers: Prof. Dr’s Barry H. Massey & Christian Hose, FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Essen, Germany.Presented by: Prof.Dr. Barry H. MasseyThis study of Banks in Europe (Germany), North America (USA) and Asia (China) is based on an analysis of profit and costs along the whole bank value chain. This approach identifies precisely the position in the value chain where value is most generated or lost, and shows us where & how to best optimize bank performance.Our methodology measures bank profitability, interest margin, unit costs and economic or residual value. Statistical techniques include classical tests, stochastic frontier analysisChinese banks showed the highest return on capital of 15 -25% The major drivers were high interest margin, based on Government oversight of deposit and lending rates, low labor and State guaranteed property costs.German banks showed the lowest mean return on capital of 3%, insufficient to support capital deployment. Keywords: property, customer focus, negative ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Barry Hugh Massey, Barry H. Massey & Christian Hose, FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Essen, Germany E-mail address:[email protected]


185

LOAN LOSS PROVISIONING - A CASE STUDY OF ROMANIAN BANKING SYSTEM SMOOTHENING PRO-CYCLICALITY

Olivera Ecaterina Oros, Valahia University of Targoviste, Faculty of Economics, 35 Lt. Stancu Ion Str.,

130105, Targoviste, Romania Simona Florina Salisteanu, Valahia University of Targoviste, Faculty of Economics, 35 Lt. Stancu Ion Str.,

130105, Targoviste, Romania Abstract Loan loss provisioning is an objective of both accounting standard and prudential bank regulation. Still, depending on the perspective, accounting or prudential wise, this objective can be debated between the two, at least from the pro-cyclical effect that may encumber. Local regulators, along with policy makers, argued that the incurred loss model as base of loan loss accounting should be changed in order to incorporate a more forward looking approach in setting loan loss provisions and therefore reduce pro- cyclicality. In this paper we explore the perspective of the Romanian Regulator in order to smoothen the effect of the loan loss provision changes following the transit to the full IFRS provisioning policy on the Romanian banking system. 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of Academic World Research and Education Center. Keywords: loan loss provision; accounting standards; prudential regulation; cyclicality; expected loss; incurred loss ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Olivera Ecaterina Oros, Valahia University of Targoviste, Faculty of Economics, 35 Lt. Stancu Ion Str., 130105, Targoviste, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


186

TRENDS OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION IMPACT IN EASTERN EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS

Ruta Masteikiene, Ruta Masteikiene, Vitalija Venckuviene Kaunas University of Technology Vitalija Venckuviene, Ruta Masteikiene, Vitalija Venckuviene Kaunas University of Technology Abstract In numerous sources of scientific literature it is clearly proved that the process of globalization in regions, countries, industries and even smallest economic subjects is inevitable. However, it is not only inevitable, but also rapidly changing in its forms and impacts. In 2012 the authors of this paper carried out a thorough analysis of economic globalization impact factors on Eastern European countries business environments, which reveled high levels of impacts in the fields of: the liberalization of trade; integration of previously non-connected markets and overall productivity growth; the global value chains influence; the increased significance of outsourcing and services sector; the influence of FDI. Keywords:economic globalization, Eastern European countries, business environment ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Ruta Masteikiene, Ruta Masteikiene, Vitalija Venckuviene Kaunas University of Technology E-mail address:[email protected]


187



Baiba Rivza, Latvian Academy of Sciences, Akadēmijas laukums 1, Rīga,LV-1050, Latvia Veronika Bikse, University of Liepaja Management Sciences Institute,Lielā iela 14, LV-3401, Latvia Ieva Brence, RISEBA University, Meza stret 3, Rīga, LV-1048. Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the higher education programmes concentrating on the strengths that regional higher education institutions of Latvia have and defining challenges to be achieved in the regional higher education programmes. More than 200 experts were involved in the programmes’ evaluation, inter alia from foreign countries. The research was based on theoretical concepts, data gained in the framework of the project and interviews with the project experts. 860 study programmes were evaluated during the implementation of the project, inter alia more than 100 in the regional higher education institutions. The conclusion can be made that there are a number of strong points in Latvian higher education system – study programmes correspond to their objectives, students are involved in decision making process, and interaction between students and academic staff is ensured. At the same time more critical thinking as well as foreign language skills should be integrated in the study process in the regional higher education programmes. Keywords:Evaluation, Higher Education, Study Programmes, and Regional Growth ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Baiba Rivza, Latvian Academy of Sciences, Akadēmijas laukums 1, Rīga,LV-1050, Latvia E-mail address:[email protected]


188

HOUSEHOLDS´ LEVEL OF LIVING IN THE CAPITAL OF CZECH REPUBLIC

Pavla Varvazovska,Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 165 21, Czech Republic Marie Prasilova, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 165 21, Czech Republic

Abstract The level of living is one of the most important aspects in the life of an individual. In spite of its considerable importance the concept does not have a single objective indicator facilitating its quantification and a unique assessment. From the viewpoint of economics the level of living is defined by consumption of goods and services and it is measurable by means of macro-economic indicators. When conceived by sociology, it is the quality of life as assessed by indicators of non-material nature whose quantification is very difficult. Hence, a need arises here to set up indicators combining elements both of material and non-material nature that compose the level of living. The paper analyzes the development of selected level of living indicators as related to households of the Capital of Czech Republic and further it compares levels of special index numbers within EU. Distribution of wealth of the society is assessed using the Gini index number and the level of living is valued by means of the HDI (Human Development Index). The HDI is subdivided into the partial index numbers of health, education and income and the partial index numbers next give rise to the resulting HDI using gross domestic produkt.The region of the Czech Republic Capital presents very good results from the viewpoint of development tendencies and levels of the indicators assessed. Data sources have been obtained from the data banks of Czech StatisticalOffice, Eurostat and World Bank and have been processed using statistical methods from time series and index analysis area. Keywords: level of living consumption income householdgross domestic product unemployment educationGini index numberHuman ındex ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Pavla Varvazovska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 165 21, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


189

BUILDING CONSUMER PROFILES THROUGH TIME-SERIES DATA MINING TECHNIQUES

Janina Florenţa Popeangă, University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania

Abstract The increasing deployment of Automated Meter Reading (AMR) systems has created new challenges for utilities industry in terms of how to utilize the recorded data, not only to improve the day-to-day operations. The smart grid will provide a large volume of sensor and meter data that will require intelligent analytics that move further than data management, querying and reporting. To make the best use of this large quantity of data, it is essential to apply data mining techniques to extract relevant information valuable to the utilities industry.This study aims to determine consumer profiles using Time-Series Data Mining Techniques, in order to help both utility companies and electricity consumers on the signing of the best contracts and choosing the optimal tariff plans. Each customer will receive a recommendation for optimum tariff plan according to their profile built using different variables such as income level, house area, number of persons in the house and number of hours spent at home during the day, number of electric heaters in the home and heating time, number of refrigerators and other indicators, but also analyzing their electricity consumption over a certain period of time. Building consumer profiles will allow utility companies to improve activities such as correct billing, fraud detection and optimization of electricity distribution based on the hours and areas of consumption, which includes infrastructure optimization.The presentation is completed with some application examples using real tariff plans for households, set by the National Authority of Reglementation in Energy Domain from Romania. Keywords: Automated Meter Reading; Time-Series Data Mining Techniques; Consumer Profiles ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Janina Florenţa Popeangă, University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania E-mail address:[email protected]


190

OPEN INNOVATION AS A TOOL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove,

Czech republic Ruzena Stemberkova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec

Kralove, Czech republic Linda Lososova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove,

Czech republic Petr Zdralek, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech

republic Petra Maresova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove,

Czech republic Kamil Kuca, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech

republic Abstract The open innovation phenomenon has developed from a small club of innovation practitioners, mostly active in high-tech industries, to a widely discussed and implemented innovation practice. Simultaneously, a small community of management researchers has recently developed into an established research field. Once a field grows rapidly there is a danger that it may become a short-term fashion. This special issue reports on recent research evidence to further develop the open innovation research field. South Moravian region start to support companies and help them with organization of open innovation session. The tool perspective: Opening up the innovation process requires a set of instruments. Those tools, for example, enable customers to create or configure their own product with tools kits or enable companies to integrate external problem solvers or idea creators The implications and trends that underpin open innovation are actively discussed in terms of strategic, organizational, behavioral, knowledge, legal and business perspectives. Aim of paper is research and measure the results after five years since Open innovation has been supported by region government in South Moravian region in Czech republic and was implemented in innovation strategy of this region. Keywords: innovation, short-term, established ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Pavla Matulova, University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Informatics and Management, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic E-mail address:[email protected]


191

THE LINK OF ATTRIBUTES AND CITY BRAND MEANINGS: AN INVESTIGATION AMONG MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS

Taner Sığındı, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

Abstract

Brand perceptions of target audiences are crucial and reveal many positive outputs for the decision makers. Yet there are few papers which highlight the city attributes need to be considered for various stakeholders in city branding domain. The aim of this study is to investigate the different target groups’ (residents, tourists and students) perceptions for a city brand by using four city brand attributes such as urbanity&cultural activities, infrastructure, nature and environment, economic conditions, job opportunities&business network. Brand associations of various stakeholders for city brand is examined, by this way, different views of various stakeholders will be explained better for a specific brand meaning as place to live, place to study or place to visit. In this respect, a quantitative survey was conducted in Gaziantep-Turkey, and linear multiple regression was used to assess the predictive power of city brand attributes. According to the findings, urbanity&cultural activities and nature&environment make the remarkable contributions to the city brand attitude as a place to live for the samples of residents, students and tourists. Urbanity&cultural activities, infrastructure, nature&environment and economic conditions all make significant contributions to attitude as a place to study. On the other hand, city brand attitude as a place to visit has been affected primarily from urbanity&cultural activities. Finally, urbanity&cultural activities and nature&environment are constant attributes for three brand meanings: a place to live, a place to study, a place to visit across various stakeholders. These findings have made substantial contributions to explain the perceptions of different stakeholders about diverse brand meanings in an emerging country.

Keywords: predictive power, various stakeholders, tourists ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Taner Sığındı, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) E-mail address:[email protected]


192

DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL GOVERNANCE TO SUPPORT ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Constantin Dan Dumitrescu Abstract It is known that high-school graduates, whose formative knowledge must include elements to support the education, and especially the engineering culture, access technical universities. This is all the more since during the past decade the principles of modern education promoted by the Bologna school have become mandatory; one of its essential features is the acceleration of the informational accumulation processes, specific to the engineering education; accordingly, school governance should be readapted to the new requirements of the engineering education. This paper presents a study on the identification of possible ways to support higher education in engineering by the high-school education in Romania. The qualitative analysis led to the prioritization of results based on the consideration of the common areas of interest of high-school and university education. The results of investigations carried out, lead us to claim that school governance can support higher education, particularly in engineering, with well-trained candidates, and furthermore that school governance is perhaps the most important factor in increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, quality and relevance of school education in Romania. Keywords: school governance, educational management, influence factor, quantitative analysis ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Constantin Dan Dumitrescu E-mail address:[email protected]


193

EFFECTS OF SPORTS FANS’ MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ON BEHAVIORAL LOYALTY

Caner Giray, Bahcesehir University, Marketing Department, Faculty Member.Studies Marketing, Brand Management, and Corporate

Yener Girişken,neuromarketing at Bilgi University in master of marketing communication department and CEO

Abstract Nowadays, sports have become an important economical sector as well as entertaining and leisure activity. Sports clubs are trying to appeal more fans into the economic activities for increasing their financial performance. Therefore, sport clubs focus on motivational factors that will engage more fans. This study aims to examine the effects of motivational factors on fans’ loyalty to sports clubs. Also, the effects of identification and psychological commitment to motivational factors and behavioral loyalty are examined. The research has been conducted with the participation of 800 Fenerbahce Football Club’s fans in Istanbul with face-to-face surveys method. Fenerbahce is one of the major clubs, which has the highest number of fans, estimated around 21 million. The data was collected in 2007 and 2014 with the same variables to compare the results in order to observe the effect of economical, legislative and sportive incidents on the perception of the football fans. The SEM model is used to analyze the data and the results indicate that the motivational factors such as fun, family, run-away, and economical situation have effect on association between fans and sport clubs; economical situation and positive thrill have effect on psychological dependence. It is also observed that association and psychological dependence variables have positive effects on consumer attitude towards club’s products, related media expenditure and other branches of particular club as sub-groups of behavioral loyalty. The outcomes of this research will guide the sports clubs to appeal more fans and increase the loyalty to trigger fans’ positive behaviors towards the sports clubs. Keywords : Sports marketing, Fans’ motivational factors, Association, Psychological dependence, Behavioral loyalty ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Caner Giray, Bahcesehir University, Marketing Department, Faculty Member. Studies Marketing, Brand Management and Corporate Social E-mail address:[email protected]


194

THE IMPACT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION ECONOMIC EMBARGO ON THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN

EUROPEAN COUNTRIESBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS

Vitalija Venckuviene, Vitalija Venckuviene, Ruta Masteikiene Kaunas University of Technology

Abstract The prolonged geopolitical crisis between Russian Federation and Ukraine and the following Russian economic embargo has obvious consequences both at political and economic level. Specifically, the embargo for EU countries’ production has tremendous impacts for Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) countries’ economies in terms of sharp decrease in exports. Furthermore, it has touched producers from practically all existent industries. Moreover, the service sector is facing consequences as well. One of the most negatively affected service industry types – logistics is facing huge challenges in order to survive and to stay competitive on the volatile market conditions. Consequently, uncertainty and huge risk in financial sector (volatile of currency, risk investments) probably could cause stagnation in markets at least in short time perspective. Therefore, it is important to examine alternative markets for CEE countries in order to overcome or at least diminish the negative effect of Russian Federation and Ukraine geopolitical crisis and the following Russian economic embargo. Keywords:Russia, Economic Embargoand CEEBusiness Environments ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Vitalija Venckuviene, Vitalija Venckuviene, Ruta Masteikiene Kaunas University of Technology E-mail address:[email protected]


195

ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE PERCEPTIONS AS PREDICTOR OFJOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL

COMMITMENT

Uyanga Ganbaatar, Department of Business AdministrationInstitute of Finance and Economics13381, Peace Ave-5 BZ district, UB, Mongolia

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between perceived organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment using a field sample. Sample for the present study consisted of 360 faculty members working in public universities of Mongolia. Questionnaire was used as data collection instrument, SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze data. Overall organizational justice had weak relation to affective commitment whereas distributive, procedural justice was significantly related to normative commitment.

Keywords: Perceived organizational justice, Organizational commitment and Job satisfaction

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Uyanga Ganbaatar, Department of Business AdministrationInstitute of Finance and Economics13381, Peace Ave-5 BZ district, UB, Mongolia E-mail address:[email protected]


196

ROLE OF ETHICAL FACTORS IN 5S AND TPM IMPLEMENTATION: STUDY OF KURDISH CEMENT

INDUSTRY, IRAQ

Jamal Ahmed Hama Kareem,Management, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),

Malaysia Noraini Abu Talib,Management, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia

Abstract Organizations pursue policies and strategies to gain competitive advantage against their competitors. To overcome cost issues and production quality issues, many organizations adopt lean manufacturing techniques such as 5S and TPM. However, many of these organizations especially in developing countries face problems in effective and successful implementation of these techniques 5S and TPM. This is mainly due to lack of employee related factors that are not considered when organizations adopt these techniques. The present study attempts to investigate the role of ethical factors in the implementation of 5S and TPM. The results of the study reveal that manager-subordinate relationship (empowerment) is having insignificant influence on the implementation of 5S and TPM; while ethical training and ethical instructions and commands are found to be influential in the implementation of these techniques. The study provides limitations and future directions for researchers interested in the area Keywords: 5S, TPM, manager-subordinate relationship, ethical training, ethical instructions and commands, developing country, Iraq ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Jamal Ahmed Hama Kareem,Management, Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia E-mail address:[email protected]


197

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ENABLERS AND INNOVATION

Hadi Fazli, Department of EMBA, Faculty of Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the impact of knowledge management enablers (KMEs) on organizational innovation (OI). The population of the present study is formed by national oil excavation. Questionnaires have been distributed among the mid-level managers and supervisors where only 323 of them have been received back. The current paper implements a structure equation modeling (SEM) method to test the research’s framework and hypotheses. This study emphasizes the key role of enablers of knowledge management such as organizational culture (OC), organizational structure (OS) and information technology (IT).The results show that KMEs have a basic and significant role on the OI.

Keywords: structure,equation, modeling, enablers ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Hadi Fazli, Department of EMBA, Faculty of Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail address:[email protected]


198

DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL GOVERNANCE TO SUPPORT ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Constantin Dan Dumitrescu, Politennica University of Timişoara, Victory Scuare 2, 300006 Timişoara,

Romania, +040721291404 Alina Melnic, Politennica University of Timişoara, Victory Scuare 2, 300006 Timişoara, Romania,

+040721291404 Nicoletatrandafir, Politennica University of Timişoara, Victory Scuare 2, 300006 Timişoara, Romania,

+040721291404 Nicolae Istrat, Politennica University of Timişoara, Victory Scuare 2, 300006 Timişoara, Romania,

+040721291404 Abstract It is known that high-school graduates, whose formative knowledge must include elements to support the education, and especially the engineering culture, access technical universities. This is all the more since during the past decade the principles of modern education promoted by the Bologna school have become mandatory; one of its essential features is the acceleration of the informational accumulation processes, specific to the engineering education; accordingly, school governance should be readapted to the new requirements of the engineering education.This paper presents a study on the identification of possible ways to support higher education in engineering by the high-school education in Romania. The qualitative analysis led to the prioritization of results based on the consideration of the common areas of interest of high-school and university education. The results of investigations carried out, lead us to claim that school governance can support higher education, particularly in engineering, with well-trained candidates, and furthermore that school governance is perhaps the most important factor in increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, quality and relevance of school education in Romania. Keywords: school governance, educational management, influence factor, quantitative analysis ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Constantin Dan Dumitrescu, Politennica University of Timişoara, Victory Scuare 2, 300006 Timişoara, Romania, +040721291404, E-mail address:[email protected]


199



Baiba Rivza, Latvian Academy of Sciences, Latvia, Akadēmijas laukums 1, Rīga, LV-1050 Veronika Bikse,University of Liepaja Management Sciences Institute, Lielā iela 14, LV-3401, Latvia Ieva Brence,RISEBA University, Meza Stret 3, Rīga, LV-1048.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the higher education programmes concentrating on the strengths that regional higher education institutions of Latvia have and defining challenges to be achieved in the regional higher education programmes. More than 200 experts were involved in the programmes’ evaluation, inter alia from foreign countries. The research was based on theoretical concepts, data gained in the framework of the project and interviews with the project experts. 860 study programmes were evaluated during the implementation of the project, inter alia more than 100 in the regional higher education institutions. The conclusion can be made that there are a number of strong points in Latvian higher education system – study programmes correspond to their objectives, students are involved in decision making process, and interaction between students and academic staff is ensured. At the same time more critical thinking as well as foreign language skills should be integrated in the study process in the regional higher education programmes. Keywords: Evaluation, Higher Education, Study Programmes and Regional Growth ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Baiba Rivza, Latvian Academy of Sciences, Latvia, Akadēmijas laukums 1, Rīga, LV-1050 E-mail address:[email protected]


200

CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SHORT SALE OF NYSE’S BLUE CHIPS

Dagmar Linnertova, Masaryk University, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Lipova 41a, Brno, Czech

Republic Abstract The aim of the paper is to analyse the determinants of short sale activity of blue chips on NYSE in the period 2000 – 2014. In the paper the fixed effect panel regression model is applied. The determinants of short selling activity are chosen according to previous literature review. The investigate period was divided into three separate sub periods that correspond with different economics conditions in the period 2000 – 2014. Analysed variables represent company fundamentals and market specifics characteristics. The impact of analysed variables on short sale level is long-term stable and constan Keywords: effect panel, that correspond ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Dagmar Linnertova, Masaryk University, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Lipova 41a, Brno, Czech Republic E-mail address:[email protected]


201

FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL ACCOUNTING RESEARCH:

A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Alper Erserim

Abstract

Accounting practiceshave gaineda broader and moremeaningfulvisionwith a viewof thebehavioraland social aspects. Accounting systems expected to serve the humanitarian purposes and behavioral objectives when considering that human created the accounting system. As a matter of fact, behavioral and social perspectives do not qualify accounting as a purely technical structure (Hopwood, 1979: 14). In this respect, human behavior dimension, which are ignored in most of the accounting literature, seems to be an important factor. Aim of this study is to determine the main reference sources of the studies byexamining citation structure of studies that published in the field of behavioral accounting in lastwo decades. In addition, general approach to the behavioral accounting research in recent years will be examined according to reference sources. This study is a literature screening research, and bibliometric analysis method is used for this purpose. Bibliometric analysis indicates the collection, processing and analysis of bibliographic data obtained from scientific publications (Verbeek et al., 2002). Bibliometric analysis based approach is considered as an objective to the evaluation of research in a particular field (Acedo and Casillas, 2005). Citation analyzing studies are carried out by various techniques. The commonly used of these techniques are bibliographic coupling and co-citation. Journals of Accounting under the discipline of The Association of Business Schools are determined as a study group for conducting citation analysis in the scope of Bibliometric technique in the field of behavioral accounting. These journals are Accounting, Organizations and Society; Accounting Review; Journal of Accounting and Economics; Journal of Accounting Research. Prominent works of published research in journals of behavioral accounting in last twenty years will be discussed by performing keyword and issue scanning on the most cited studies of this field. Web of Science and Science Direct databases will be used for investigation of the research determined.

Keywords: Behavioral Accounting, Bibliometric Analysis ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Alper Erserim E-mail address:[email protected]


202

IS THE SUCCESS POSSIBLE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICS AND DEONTOLOGY IN BUSINESS?

Adela Mariana Vadastreanu,National Institute of Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies

Dorin Maier, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca The Bucharest University of Economic Studies Andreea Maier, Technical University of Cluj Napoca Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

Abstract The road to success for companies in today’s economic environment is more demanding than ever and the capacity of adapting to the rapid changes is compensatory in order to resist on the market. In this context, managers are tempted to pick an easy way, a shortcut that will give them an advantage over the competitors. Usually this shortcut is in contradiction with the request of ethics and deontology in business, however many managers ignore this situation and choose to make short-term profit. This leads to the following question: Is it possible to be successful by respecting the ethics and deontology in business, considering that some of the competitors have an advantage through non-compliance to these requests? The research made in this article approach this sensitive aspect of business ethics and offer some practical solution and recommendation for managers, highlighting the ethics principles and the consequences of an unethical behaviour. This paper is written such that any manager, regardless of the experience or knowledge, can have a clear image over business ethics and to be sure, that success can be achieve by respecting ethics and deontology in business. Keywords: ethics, business ethics, deonthology, business succes ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Adela Mariana Vadastreanu,National Institute of Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies



203

THE APPLICATION OF BUSINESS EXCELLENCE MODELS BY THE EVALUATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

ACTIVITIES OF COMPANIES

Miriam Jankalová,University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Abstract

The current period lays on enterprise subjects increasing demands in the area of following corporate social responsibility (CSR) principles. If companies wish to succeed on the markets with strong competitive pressure, they have to focus their attention not only to make a profit, or increase market share, but also to increase protection of the environment, and help the local community. For most customers is the most important not only final product, for shareholders the amount of profit, but also important is the way the product has been made and the profit realized. Therefore, it is important that companies operate responsibly towards all stakeholders and apply the principles of CSR. It should be emphasized that these principles is not enough just to implement, but primarily to evaluate their level of achievement. The aim of the paper is to point out the possibility of applying the Business Excellence Models in assessing the level of CSR, because they are often regarded as one and the most appropriate approach to evaluating CSR. Results are based on analytical research. It can be concluded that Business Excellence Models underwent and are undergoing constant changes, individual areas and criteria serving for the overall assessment are being changed and amended. As the result of these changes, CSR principles have been gradually included to larger or lesser extent. The importance of CSR aware not only composers and performers of the Business Excellence Models, but also by the companies themselves, which deal with this area more and more. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, excellence, success,evaluation ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Miriam Jankalová,University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia E-mail address:[email protected]


204

PERCEPTIONS TOWARD THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY: A CROSS CULTURAL COMPARATIVE VIRTUAL FOCUS

GROUP APPLICATION Uzel Ezgi,Beykoz Vocational School of Logistics

Abstract

With the industrial revolution, the improvements in production increased the rate of consumption, and created more demanding consumers. Especially, after the World War II, development efforts of countries drove the dissatisfaction in consumption which resulted with climatic changes, environmental pollution and degradation of natural resources. These negative consequences resulted with a shift in behaviors of consumers toward environment. The search for a solution on this issue has started in 1970s and accelerated in 1980s by emerging the concept of “sustainability. Sustainability offers a new lifestyle which avoids waste in several fields, lives more environmentally conscious and promises to leave a more liavable world to future generations. Sustainable life style has become one of the emerging subject in recent years, and changes in behaviors of consumers have started to be observed in daily lives, such as in recyling, driving electric/hybrid cars, consuming organic products etc… This research aims to explore the differences in perceptions of logistics students of two countries - which are at different development levels - toward the concept of sustainability including sustainable lifestyle, sustainable consumption, and sustainable supply chain. Virtual focus group technique is used in the study due to geographical constraint. The sample of the study consists of 12 participants from two logistics schools of Istanbul and New York. Content analysis technique is used for data analysis. Finally, findings are presented and interpreted.

Keywords: sustainability, sustainable supply chain, virtual focus group

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Uzel Ezgi,Beykoz Vocational School of Logistics E-mail address:[email protected]


205

TRADE RULES FOR UNCLEARED MARKETS WITH A VARIABLE POPULATION

İpek Gürsel Tapkı,Kadir Has University,Turkey

Abstract We analyze markets in which the price of a traded commodity is fixed at a level where supply and the demand are possibly unequal. This stickiness of prices is observed in many markets, either because the price adjustment process is slow or because the price is controlled from the outside of the market. We assume that the agents have single peaked preferences on their consumption and production choices. For such markets, we allow the population to be variable and analyze the implications of these population changes. We introduce a class of Uniform trade rules each of which is a composition of the Uniform rule and a trade-volume rule. We axiomatically analyze Uniform trade rules on the basis of some central properties concerning variations of the population, namely, consistency and population monotonicity. We also analyze the implications of standard properties such as Pareto optimality, strategy-proofness, and no-envy, and an informational simplicity property, strong independence of trade volume. Using these axioms, we characterize some subclasses of “Uniform trade rules ". Keywords: Agents, Single, Peaked ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:İpek Gürsel Tapkı,Kadir Has University,Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


206

SEXUAL HEALTH AND SEXUALITY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Esma Kabasakal, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Nursing, Public Health Nursing Department Elif Bakir Gökduman, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Nursing, Pediatric Health Nursing Department Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) about sexuality and sexual health and what nurses should know regarding the needs of the families in order to guide them properly.Adolescents with ASD are require extra care and attention during puberty, especially about their developing sexuality and sexual health. Children with ASD were found to have increased stress levels during adolescence because of their lack of knowledge about sexual health. Some parents were afraid to teach their child about establishing a sexual identity because they believed it would increase sexual interest and activity. Parents of children with ASD need support about sexual education for their children. Nurses can play a critical role about supporting parents during this years. The nurses should take advantage of every primary care visit to help guide parents. It might also be helpful to talk with parents to determine what teaching is done at home, what concerns they may have, and whether they need any support. As a result it is essential that sexuality and sexual health education for adolescent with ASD emphasis social skills development related to sexuality and relationships. Keywords: sexuality, adolescent, autism

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Esma Kabasakal, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Nursing, Public Health Nursing Department E-mail address:[email protected]


207

Abstrac

This study aims to examine the determinants of multiple foreign listing by analyzing the characteristics of listing firms as well as those of host and home countries. By implementing a multiple event-time experiment, we find no evidence to support the bonding hypothesis. Firms from developed countries prefer to list in proximate additional foreign markets (in geographic terms) to overcome market segmentation, and to benefit from better informational environment. The decision of multiple listing may be also related to the global business strategy of the firm. Firms from emerging countries, especially those with high quality, list in additional foreign market in order to overcome investment barriers. While liquidity and informational considerations play little role, culture proximity is a determining factor in the decision of multiple foreign listing for firms from emerging countries.

Keywords: Multiple foreign listing; cross listing; Bonding Hypothesis; multiple failure time models

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Imen Ghadhab, Science Economics and Management of Tunis (FSEG Tunis)University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia E-mail address: [email protected]

THE DETERMINANTS OF MULTIPLE FOREIGN LISTING DECISION

Imen Ghadhab, Science Economics and Management of Tunis (FSEG Tunis) University of Tunis El

Manar,Tunisia Slaheddine Hellara,Higher Institute of Management of Tunis (ISG Tunis), Bardo 2000 Tunis, Tunisia


208

TÜRKİYE’DEKİ BÜYÜKŞEHİR KAMU HASTANELERİNİN ETKİNLİKLERİNİN ANALİZİ

Nurullah Uçkun, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Meşelik,Eskişehir

Nuray Girginer, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Meşelik, Eskişehir

Tunç Köse,Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Meşelik, Eskişehir

Ümit Şahin, Sağlık kurumları Yönetimi Uzmanı, Eskişehir İli Kamu Hastaneler Birliği Genel Sekreterliği, Eskişehir

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de büyük şehir belediyesi statüsündeki 30 ildeki, Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Kamu Hastaneleri Kurumu’na (TKHK) bağlı hastanelerin il düzeyinde etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama analizi (VZA) ile belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada büyük şehir belediyesi statüsündeki 30 İldeki Sağlık Bakanlığı TKHK’na bağlı hastanelerin il düzeyinde etkinlikleri 4 girdili (fiili yatak sayısı, uzman hekim sayısı, pratisyen hekim sayısı, yıllık döner sermaye harcaması), 4 çıktılı (toplam muayene sayısı, toplam yatan hasta sayısı, yatak devir hızı, toplam ameliyat sayısı), çıktı maksimizasyonu hedefli VZA modeli ile incelenmiştir. VZA sonucunda; Sağlık Bakanlığı hastanelerinin 16 ilde etkin, 14 ilde ise etkin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Etkin olan iller içinde; Mardin, Urfa, Van, Hatay ve Gaziantep gibi doğu bölgesinden illerin yanı sıra İstanbul, Ankara, Bursa gibi batı bölgelerinden iller de bulunmaktadır. Etkin olmayan iller için etkinliğe ulaşmalarında özellikle yatak devir hızında artış yapılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Etkinlik, Veri Zarflama Analizi, Büyükşehir Kamu Hastaneleri

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Nurullah Uçkun, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü, Meşelik E-mail address: [email protected]


209

MOBİLYA SEKTÖRÜNDE İHRACAT SORUNLARINI BELİRLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Mehmet Çolak, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği Burcu Engin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği Tahsin Çetin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği

Özet

İhracat, günümüzde hem gelişmekte olan hem de gelişmiş ülkeler açısından çok önemlidir. İhracat, ülke ekonomisinin gelişmesinde ve refah seviyesinin artmasında da kilit bir faktör olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bütün ülkeler ihracata büyük önem vermektedirler ve ihracat yapılarının gelişmesi için uluslararası stratejilerini belirlemektedirler. İhracatın artması, milli geliri çoğaltmakta ve ülkedeki dar gelir boğazının da ortadan kaldırılmasına katkıda bulunmasıyla ekonomik kalkınmaya destek olmaktadır. İşletmeler açısından ihracat, eldeki fiziki ve insan kaynaklarını etkin kullanmasını atıl kapasitesini azaltmasını, işletmenin büyümesini ve buna bağlı olarak hedeflerini gerçekleştirmesine olanak sağlar. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye mobilya endüstrisinde ihracat konusunda başarılı yada başarısızlığın hangi faktörlere bağlı olduğu, işletmelerin yaptıkları ihracata hangi unsurların etkilediği, ne gibi problemlerle karşılaşıldığına yönelik mevcut durumun saptanması ve tespit edilen problemlerin çözümüne katkı sağlayacak önerilerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mobilya endüstrisinin gelişmiş olduğu illerde tesadüfî olarak seçilmiş KOBİ düzeyinde marka olmuş işletmenin yöneticilerine anket uygulaması yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler SPSS istatistik paket programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir.Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular işletmelerin ihracatını arttırmaya yönelik faaliyetleri değerlendirildiğinde önem sırasına göre; pazar araştırması yapmak, uluslararası kalite standartlarında ürün geliştirmek, verimliliği arttırmak, reklam faaliyetleri ve marka imajı oluşturmak, yurtiçi ve yurt dışı ihtisas fuarlarına katılmak, yurt dışında ofis mağazası açarak çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Sektör ağırlıklı olarak KOBİ’lerden oluştuğu için tanıtım, pazarlama gibi konular firma içerisinde mevcut imkânlarla/elemanlarca yürütülmeye çalışılmakta ve dış piyasalarda yetersiz kalınmasına sebep olmaktadır.İşletmelerin yurtdışındaki markalaşma faaliyetlerinde yetersiz kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İşletmelerin ihracat yaparken karşılaştıkları güçlüklerin önem oranlarına göre; uzman personel eksikliği, finansal yetersizlik, kapasite yetersizliği, uluslararası pazarlardaki rekabet, danışmanlık hizmeti veren kuruluşların pahalı oluşu, formalitenin-bürokrasinin çok olması, taşıma ve taşımacılık sorunları belirgin olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mobilya Endüstrisi, Markalaşma, Üretim Yönetimi, İhracat Faktörleri, Dış Ticaret

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Mehmet Çolak, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği E-mail address:[email protected]


210

ÖRGÜTE HİSSEDİLEN BAĞLILIK VE ROMANTİK İLİŞKİLERDEKİ BAĞLILIK DÜZEYİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ :

UYGULAMALI BIR ÇALIŞMA

Neşe Çakı, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Türkiye Ledya Asfuroğlu, İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Türkiye Oytun Erbaş, İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Türkiye Abstract Örgütsel bağlılık; örgüte bağlılık hisseden bireylerin örgütsel amaçları ve değerleri kabul etmeleri, bunlara inanmış olmaları, örgütlerinde kalmak istiyor olmaları ve daha fazla çaba göstermek için istekli olmaları şeklinde açıklanabilir. Romantik ilişkilerde bağlılık ise bilişsel, davranışsal ve duygusal açıdan diğeri ile bir bütün olmaya duyulan yoğun isteği ifade eder. Bu araştırmada; çalışanların, örgütlerine yönelik hissettikleri bağlılık düzeyi ile romantik ilişkilerinde hissettikleri bağlılık/tutkulu aşk düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığı analiz edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır.‘’Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği’’ ve “Tutkulu Aşk Ölçeği” kullanılarak oluşturulan anketler, araştırma birimi olarak seçilen sağlık kurumunda çalışan doktor ve hemşirelere uygulanmıştır. Anketler STATA-11/EVİEWS-7/SPSS-21 paket programlarıile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda; tutkulu aşk ile örgütsel bağlılık, duygusal bağlılık ve devamlılık bağlılığı arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Romantik, tutkulu aşk, bağlılık düzeyi ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Neşe Çakı, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Türkiye E-mail address:[email protected]


211

SURİYE KRİZİNİN TÜRK TURİZMİNE ETKİSİ: GÜNEYDOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİ’NE YÖNELİK ARAŞTIRMA

Esra Demirbaş, İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi, İk sadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü,Turkey Gülçin Elif Yücel, İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi, İk sadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası Ticaret ve

Lojistik Bölümü, Turkey Kübra Coşar, İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi, İk sadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası Ticaret ve

Lojistik, Turkey Özet

Küresel bir sektör olan turizm sektörü, milli gelire yap ğı katkılarla ekonomik gelişme ve kalkınmada oldukça önemli bir sektördür. Bunun başlıca nedenleri arasında, yabancı sermaye girişi ve döviz girdisi sağlaması, sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel gelişmeyi hızlandırması, ileri ve geri bağlan ları olan bir sektör olması ve özellikle is hdama yap ğı katkılar sayılabilir. Dünya Seyahat ve Turizm Konseyi (WTTC) 2014 Raporu’na göre, 2022 yılında her on istihdamdan birinin turizm sektörü tarafından yara lacağı öngörülmektedir. Türkiye’de karşılaş rmalı rekabet üstünlüğünün bulunduğu sektörler arasında yer alan turizm sektörünün, uluslararası ekonomik ve poli k ilişkilerde oynadığı rol de oldukça önemlidir. 2011 yılı Mart ayında Suriye’de başlayan İç Savaş, tüm bölge gibi Türkiye’yi de hem siyasi, hem de ekonomik olarak doğrudan ve dolaylı yoldan etkilemiş r. Terörün ve turizmin en önemli ortak noktası her ikisinin de ulusal sınırların ötesine taşarak uluslararası boyut kazanmasıdır. Terörist eylemler, yara ğı gelir kaybı nedeniyle, uzun dönemde ülke ekonomisine zarar vermektedir. Doğrudan etkilerin en önemlisi, durma noktasına gelen dış care miz, diğeri de turizm olmuştur. Literatürde terörün ekonomik etkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar fazla olmasına rağmen, terörün turizm üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen geçmiş çalışmalar oldukça dar kapsamlıdır.

Anahtar kelime:rekabet,sosyo-ekonomik,döviz,milli gelir

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Esra Demirbaş, İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi, İk sadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü



212

MOBİLYA SEKTÖRÜNDE İHRACAT SORUNLARINI BELİRLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Burcu Engin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği, Kötekli-

Muğla 48000, Türkiye Mehmet Çolak, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği,

Kötekli-Muğla 48000, Türkiye Tahsin Çetin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği, Kötekli-

Muğla 48000, Türkiye

Özet

İşletmeler açısından ihracat, eldeki kaynaklarını etkin kullanmasına, atıl kapasitesini azaltmasına, işletmenin büyümesine ve buna bağlı olarak hedeflerini gerçekleştirmesine olanak sağlar. Bunun yanı sıra ihracat işletmeler için olduğu kadar ülke ekonomileri içinde çok büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ülke ekonomisi açısından en önemli konulardan biri istikrarı sağlamaktır. İstikrar konusunda kalıcı çözüm yollarından birisi yine ihracattır.Çalışmada, işletmelerin ihracatını arttırmaya yönelik faaliyetleri değerlendirildiğinde önem sırasına göre; pazar araştırması yapmak, uluslararası kalite standartlarında ürün üretmek, verimliliği arttırmak, reklam faaliyetleri ve marka imajı oluşturmak, yurtiçi ve yurt dışı ihtisas fuarlarına katılmak, yurt dışında ofis mağazası açarak çalışmalarını sürdürmekte olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Sektör ağırlıklı olarak KOBİ’lerden oluştuğu için tanıtım, pazarlama gibi konular firma içerisinde mevcut imkânlarla/elemanlarca yürütülmeye çalışılmakta ve dış piyasalarda yetersiz kalınmasına sebep olmaktadır. İşletmelerin yurtdışındaki markalaşma faaliyetlerinde yetersiz kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İşletmelerin ihracat yaparken karşılaştıkları güçlüklerin önem oranlarına göre; uzman personel eksikliği, finansal yetersizlik, kapasite yetersizliği, uluslararası pazarlardaki rekabet, danışmanlık hizmeti veren kuruluşların pahalı oluşu, danışmanlık hizmeti veren kuruluşların olmayışı, formalitenin çok olması, taşıma ve taşımacılık sorunları belirgin olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mobilya Endüstrisi, Markalaşma, Üretim, İhracat Sorunları, Dış Ticaret

ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Burcu Engin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Ağaçişleri Endüstri Mühendisliği, Kötekli-Muğla 48000, Türkiye E-mail address:[email protected]


213

ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK: BİLİŞİM SEKTÖRÜNDE UYGULAMALI BİR ÇALIŞMA

Nese Çakı,İstanbul Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Türkiye Halil Ibrahim Gündüz,İstanbul Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Türkiye Abstract Örgütsel bağlılık; örgüte bağlılık hisseden bireylerin örgütsel amaçları ve değerleri kabul etmeleri, bunlara inanmış olmaları, örgütlerinde kalmak istiyor olmaları ve daha fazla çaba göstermek için istekli olmaları şeklinde açıklanabilir. 1980 sonrasında yaşanan küreselleşme ile birlikte esnek çalışma türleri yaygınlaşmaya başlamış, ‘’örgüt, işyeri’’ kavramları eski anlamlarını yitirmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle bilişim sektöründe bu değişim daha hızlı biçimde yaşanmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, bu değişim rüzgarının tam ortasında kalan bir sektörde örgütsel bağlılık konusu sorgulanmaktadır. Yöntem olarak örgütsel bağlılık ölçeğine ilişkin Allen ve Meyer’in örgütsel bağlılık ölçeği kullanılarak bilişim sektöründeki çalışanlara anket yapılacaktır. Çalışmanın sonucunda çalışma tarzı ve nitelikli işgücüne sahip olması nedeniyle bilişim sektöründe örgütsel bağlılığın düşük çıkması beklenmektedir. Anahtar kelime: Örgütsel bağlılık, Allen, Meyer’in ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Nese Çakı, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İktisat Fakültesi, Türkiye E-mail address:[email protected]


214

TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDEKİ YENİ GELİR VE KARLILIK FIRSATLARINA DAİR STRATEJİK BİR YAKLAŞIM

Cüneyt Dirican, Marketing & Finance & Business & Management Consultant, Instructor,Turkey Özet 2001’deki lokal finansal krizlerin ardından yaptığı reformlar ile güçlü bir sermaye yeterlilik rasyosu ortalamasına sahip Türk Bankacılık Sektörü, ekonomik büyüme ve politikalar ile hızlı bir aktif büyümesi yakaladı. 2008 Global Finansal Kriz sırasında ve sonrasında, güçlü ve inovatif yapısı sayesinde sektörün ve ekonominin sağlam durmasına da etki eden bu durum son dönemlerde alınan mevzuat kararları ve GSYİH yavaşlaması ve Cari Açık gibi kaynaklar nedeni ile Türkiye’deki bankacılık sektörünün karlılığı üzerinde önemli etkiler yaratmaya başladı.Azalan sermaye ve aktif karlılığının yanı sıra, rekabet, müşteri davranışları, mevzuat değişiklikleri, ekonomik ve politik gelişmeler gibi unsurlar karşısında 2015 yılında sektörün gelir arttırıcı fırsatları daha çok aradığı bir döneme girilmiş durumda. Bu kuramsal ve kavramsal çalışma ile Türkiye’deki bankacılığın gelir arttırıcı fırsatlara ve pazarlara nasıl ulaşabileceği, hangi başlıklarla durumunu koruyabileceği sebep ve sonuç ilişkileri ile stratejik olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bankacılık, Türkiye, Karlılık, Gelir, İnovasyon, Strategy ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Cüneyt Dirican, Marketing & Finance & Business & Management Consultant, Instructor, Turkey E-mail address:[email protected]


215

TÜRK SİGORTA SEKTÖRÜNÜN REKABET AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Sedat Arslan, Akdeniz Üniv. İktisat Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi, Türkiye Ozlem Yalaz, Akdeniz Üniv. Finans-Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi, Türkiye

Özet

Sigorta sektörü, son yıllarda tüm dünyada hızla yükselen bir grafik çizmektedir. Özelikle gelişmiş ekonomilerde sigorta sisteminin ekonomiye mikro ve makro anlamda katmış olduğu değer, göz ardı edilemez seviyelere ulaşmış durumdadır. Fon yaratma gücü, tüm ekonomik faaliyetler için emniyet ve istikrar yaratma etkisi, uluslararası ticaretin gelişmesinde sağladığı katkı v.s sektörün ekonomiye kazandırdığı faydalardan birkaçıdır.Sigorta sektörünün yarattığı fon büyüklüğünün ciddi seviyelere ulaşması sektör içinde rekabetin artmasına, derinleşmesine ve bunun bir sonucu olarak da rekabeti kısıtlayıcı veya engelleyici davranış biçimlerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır.Türk sigorta sektörünün 4054 sayılı Rekabeti Koruma Hakkında Kanun kapsamında olduğu bilinmektedir.Bu kanun çerçevesinde açılan davalar incelendiğinde çok sayıda rekabet ihlali şüphesiyle dava açıldığını bununla birlikte, birleşme ve devralma ile menfi tespit ve muafiyet kapsamında da davaların görüldüğü anlaşılmaktadırBu çalışmada sigorta sektörünün ekonomik göstergelerini analiz ederek ortaya çıkan verileri amacına uygun olarak rekabet açısından değerlendireceğiz. Türk Sigorta sektörünün diğer gelişmiş ekonomilerde olduğu gibi etkin bir rol almasını sağlayacak, aynı zamandarekabeti kısıtlayıcı uyumlu eylem ve davranışlardan arındırmaya yönelik yürütülecek tüm çalışmalar için bir ışık tutmayı hedeflemekteyiz. Anahtar kelime: Türk sigorta, grafik, mikro ve makro ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE:Sedat Arslan, Akdeniz Üniv. İktisat Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi E-mail address:[email protected]

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