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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
th THE 4 ANIMAL PRODUCTION
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
APIS
“Strengthening Research and Networking for SustainableAnimal Production in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0”
Facultyof Animal ScienceUniversity of Brawijaya
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS:
THE 4TH ANIMAL PRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL
SEMINAR
“Strengthening Research and Networking for Sustainable Animal
Production in the Era of Revolution Industry 4.0”
Eko Widodo
Aswah Ridhowi
Ahmad Furqon
Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara
Ria Dewi Andriani
Aldyon Restu Azkarahman
Dicky Tri Utama
Penerbit:
Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Brawijaya
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS:
THE 4TH ANIMAL PRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR
“Strengthening Research and Networking for Sustainable Animal
Production in the Era of Revolution Industry 4.0”
Editor:
Eko Widodo
Aswah Ridhowi
Ahmad Furqon
Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara
Ria Dewi Andriani
Aldyon Restu Azkarahman
Dicky Tri Utama
ISBN: 978-602-1398-01-2
Perancang sampul:
M. Zaenal Abidin
Penata letak:
Tim Penerbit Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya
Penerbit:
Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya
Redaksi:
Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya
Gedung V, Lt. 7
Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
Telp: (+62)341-553513
e-mail: [email protected]
website: http://fapet.ub.ac.id
Cetakan pertama, Oktober 2019
Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang
Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini dalam bentuk dan dengan cara
apapun tanpa ijin tertulis dari penerbit
PREFACE
We are honored to publish this book of abstracts from the 4th Animal
Production International Seminar (APIS) which held in Malang,
Indonesia from 24th to 27th October 2019. The primary focus of this
international seminar is to discuss issues in regards to the sustainable
animal production especially in facing current industrial shift. The 4th
APIS provide a suitable platform for the scientific community where
almost 200 participants met to exchange ideas and share their insights.
During the conference, various researchers and experts from various
countries present the most recent discoveries which divided into several
topics: Animal Production, Animal Nutrition, Animal Reproduction and
Breeding, Animal Product Technology, Animal Agribusiness, and
Related Sciences. Moreover, special topics of Advanced Genetic in
Animal Production, Advanced Monogastric Production Special Topic in
Poultry Research, Special Topic in Forage Ruminant Production are
presented during workshop session.
The editors would like to thank participants who have contributed to the
volume. All of the presented abstracts in this book has been passed
through vigorous selection and the full paper version of the abstracts will
be published separately to further disseminate into wider audiences. We
would also like to express our gratitude to every staff of the Faculty of
Animal Science, University of Brawijaya for the unwavering commitment
as the seminar organizer and supports. Lastly, we are most indebted to
the Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya press which provide the
publication of this book of abstracts.
October 2019
Editors
Table of Contents
PREFACE ........................................................................................ iii
WELCOMING MESSAGE
Welcome Message from the Rector ............................................ xviii
Welcome Message from the Dean .............................................. xx
Welcome Message from 4th APIS Chairman ............................... xxii
PROGRAM SCHEDULE ................................................................. xxiv
PLENARY SESSION FROM KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
The Relationship Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in
Mammary Gland and Milk Production ......................................... 2
Ruminant Genomes with a Focus on the Possible Utility of
Wildlife Genomic Resources for Livestock .................................. 9
Higher Education in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 ............ 10
Genomic and Assisted Reproductive Technology to Support
Livestock Production .................................................................... 11
INVITED SPEAKERS
Poultry Production in India: An Overview .................................... 23
Transcriptomic profiling in identifying candidate genes and
biological pathways for a complex trait ........................................ 40
Current progress in monogastric research in Asia ...................... 41
The Role of Artificial Reproductive Techniques in Genetic
Improvement Program for Small Ruminant in The Philippines ... 42
Some Factors Affecting the Semen Production Continuity of
Elite Bulls: Reviewing Data at Singosari National Artificial
Insemination Center (SNAIC), Indonesia .................................... 43
Is the Reproductive Performance of Goats That Are Kept
Intensively Different from Those Maintained by Small Farmer?
A Review ...................................................................................... 45
Response of Broilers to Dietary Incorporation of Different
Sorghum Varieties Fortified with Phytase ................................... 47
Sea Cucumber Viscera Hydrolysate as a Potential Animal
Feed Supplement ......................................................................... 49
Effect of Several AGP Replacers on Digestibilities of Dry
Matter, Crude Protein and Amino Acid in Mojosari Duck ............ 51
Effects of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization on the Nutritive
Values of Two Elephant Grass Cultivars at Two Different
Harvesting Times ......................................................................... 52
Evaluation of Birth Weight Based on Year of Birth and
Breeding System of Madura Cattle in Madura Breeding Centre,
Indonesia ...................................................................................... 53
Indonesia’s Broilers Business Facing with Oversupply
Difficulties ..................................................................................... 55
The effect of bromelain from pineapple (Ananas comosus) on
increasing protein digestibility of milk replacer for lamb .............. 57
Program Analysis of Rural Farmer School (SPR) to Improve
Farmer Resources ....................................................................... 58
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Carcass and Non Carcass Production of Kejobong Kids and
Goats Fed with Different Proportion of Forage and Concentrate
...................................................................................................... 61
The Correlation Between Feces Particles and Dray Matter
Digestibility on Kejobong Goats ................................................... 62
The Physiological Responses and Recovery Time on
Kejobong Kids and Goats After Transportation ........................... 63
Are Bali cattle more susceptible to gastrointestinal parasitic
infections compared to Hissar-crossed cattle? ........................... 64
Protein Fraction Profiles on Dry Holstein Cows Vaccinated
Using H5N1 Avian Influenza Vaccine .......................................... 65
Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Nematode of Cattle in Udapi
Hilir Sub-district Manokwari Regency West Papua Province
Indonesia ...................................................................................... 66
The Effect of Season on the Thermal Humidity Index and
Production Level in Friesian Holstein Crossed Cow at Grati
Pasuruan ...................................................................................... 67
Body Weight and Body Measurement Characteristics of Seven
Goat Breeds in Indonesia ............................................................ 68
Adsorbents Abilities to Purify Animal Manure Biogas into
Biomethane .................................................................................. 69
The Comparison of Sweating Rate and Sweat Gland Anatomy
Between Simmental and Its Crossing with Ongole Crossbred
(Simpo) Bull .................................................................................. 70
The Effect of Parity to Colostrum Quality of Friesian Holstein
Crossbreed ................................................................................... 71
The Relationship Between Linear Body Measurements with
Body Weight in Brahman Cross Cattle ........................................ 72
Colostrum Quality of Friesian Holstein Crossbreed from
Different Milking Day .................................................................... 73
Strategy for Improving Production Performance and
Preservation of Madura Cattle ..................................................... 74
Microclimate Analysis of Opened House and Closed House in
Broiler Rearing ............................................................................. 75
Bacterial Subclinical Mastitis, Total Somatic Counts, and Its
Effect on Milk Yield in Ettawa Crosbred Goat (PE) in Sleman,
Yogyakarta ................................................................................... 76
Effect of Differences in Queen Cell Size on Body Length, Body
Weight and Wing Length of Queen Bee Apis cerana ................. 77
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
Comparative Evaluation between Black Soldier Fly Larvae and
Soybean Meal as Dietary Protein Sources for Ruminant
Livestock ...................................................................................... 79
Exploring the potential of Panicum sarmentosum for use as a
forage grass based on its nutritive properties ............................. 80
The Effect of Indigofera Leaf Meal and Black Soldier Fly
Maggot Meal to Digestibility of Ruminant Diet In Vitro ................ 81
Effects of Dietary Encapsulated LAB Probiotics and Herbs on
Goblet Cells Density and Weight of Immune Organs in Laying
Hens ............................................................................................. 82
Viability of Probiotic Lactic Acid Microencapsulated with
Maltodextrin in the Simulated Gastric Juice and Bile Salt........... 83
Evaluate nonlinear Model Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull:
Study Case on Calcium and phosphor Requirements of Laying
Hen ............................................................................................... 84
Forage resources for Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) in small holder
farming systems in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia ............ 85
In vitro Characteristics of Concentrate Containing Different
Levels of Durio zibethinus Murr Peel Flour Fermented with
Pleurotus ostreatus ...................................................................... 87
The Effect of Using Natural Feed Additive on Egg Production
and Quality of Mojosari Duck (Mojosari Anas Plathryncos) ........ 88
The Effect of Fresh and Hay Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Supplementation on Carcass Quality of Hybrid Duck ................. 89
Effect of Dietary Nano-encapsulated Mindi (Melia azedarach
Linn.) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Intestinal pH
of Broiler Chickens ....................................................................... 90
The Digestability of Water Melon (Citrullus lanatus) Seed Cake
for Lamb Fattening ....................................................................... 91
The Effect of Nanoencapsulated Liquid Kapok (Ceiba
pentandra L.) Leaves Extract Supplementation in Drinking
Water on Starter Phase Performance ......................................... 92
Effect of Combination of Protected and Non-protected Corn Oil
Supplementation on In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility ....................... 93
Effect of Cinnamon Bark Meal (Cinnamomun burmanni Ness
ex Bl) on In Vitro Methane Production and Rumen
Methanogens Diversity ................................................................ 94
The Evaluation of Sunflower Seed Meal as Protein Source in
Weaning Ewes Ration .................................................................. 96
Heating Effect on Rumen Digestion of Protein Feeds
Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria .............................................. 97
Effect of Tomato Powder and Sepiolite to Liver Damage in
Broiler Chickens Exposed to Aflatoxin......................................... 98
The Body Growth of Crossbred Bulls to Cassava-based Diet
Compared to Various Diets Supplementation in Smallholder
Farmers in Malang, East Java ..................................................... 99
The Prospective Use of Essential Oil from Herbs as Feed
Additive for Laying Poultry: A Review.......................................... 100
Effect of Level of Eugenol in the Clove Oil on Salmonella
Growth and Dry Matter and Protein Digestibilities in Broiler ....... 101
A Dietary Inclusion Made of Papaya’s Leaves (Carica papaya
L) Powder in Feeding Toward the Performance and Carcass
Quality of Local Chickens ............................................................ 102
Methionine Supplementation to Quails Diet Improves Egg
Weight Consistency ..................................................................... 103
Effect of Pellet Size Ration with or without Indigofera on New
Zealand White Rabbit Performances........................................... 104
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Addition and Fermentation
Periods on Nutritive Value Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum
purpureum cv Mott) Silage ........................................................... 105
Evaluation of Curcumin as an Additive on Egg Yolk Color
Stability of White Laying Hens ..................................................... 106
The Effect of Addition of Azotobacter Microbial Culture on Cow
Feces as a Plant Fertilizer ........................................................... 107
Effect of Pollard and Soybean Meal Protected with Condensed
Tannin (CT) in Concentrate in In Vitro Gas Production .............. 108
Providing High Quality Forages with Hydroponic Fooder
System ......................................................................................... 109
The Effect of EM-4 on Sugarcane Top Silage (Saccharum
officinarum. Linn) on Nutritive Value and In Vitro Nutrients
Digestibility ................................................................................... 110
Economic Value of Dwarf Elephant Grass and DDGS as Feed
of Smallholder Dairy Farm in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang
District, Malang Regency ............................................................. 111
Germination Test of Seven Different Sorghum Varieties for
Hydroponic Sorghum Forage Production as Feed ...................... 112
Effect of Cutting Interval and Cutting Height on Adenanthera
pavonina L. Dry Matter Forage Yield ........................................... 113
Effect of Different Pruning Intervals on Nutrient Composition
and Yield of Vines from Seven Sweet Potato Cultivars .............. 114
Effects of Combination Garlic Flour (Allium sativum) and
Pecan Oil (Aleurites mollucana) in Feeding to Egg’s
Performance and Quality from the MB 402 Egg-layers .............. 115
Study of Pasture for Semi-Intensive Cattle Grazing in the Dry
Season in the South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Province ....................................................................................... 116
The Appearance of Production of The Fat-tailed Sheep Male
Fattened Using Protected and Unprotected Soybeans Groats
at Various Ratios .......................................................................... 118
Consumption and Digestion Evaluation of Nutrient Ration
Containing Protection and Non-Protection Soybean Groats For
Fat-Tailed Sheep Ewe ................................................................. 119
Effect of Using Different Level Cassava Meal in The Diet on
Performance and Liquid Rumen Profile in Crossbreed
Limousine Bulls ............................................................................ 120
Effect of Dietary of Supplementation Mannan-Riched Fraction
(MRF) and Probiotic-Enhanced Liquid Acidifier on the Growth
Performance, Serum Blood Biochemistry, and Intestinal
Properties of Broilers ................................................................... 121
Ileal Characteristics of Broiler Fed by “Biacid” (Acidifier And
Essential Oil) as Feed Additive .................................................... 122
The Utilization Effect of Biacid (Organic Acid and Essential Oil)
as a alternative for Antibiotics on Protein Digestion and
Metabolic Energy in Broilers ........................................................ 123
The Effect of Substituting Concentrate with Water Spinach
Seeds (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) Flour on In Vitro Gas
Production and Its Parameters .................................................... 124
Effect of Substitution the Fish Meal with Shrimp Head Waste
Fermented in Diet on Broiler Performance .................................. 126
The Use of Cassava Peel as a Source of Energy for
Substituting Rice Bran in Ration Containing Gliricidiamaculata
Leaves in Dairy Cows .................................................................. 127
The Effect of Addition White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus
ostreatus) Flour in Feed of Laying Hens Performances ............. 128
Effect of (Leucaena leucocephala) Leaves as Tannin Source
on Rumen Microbial Enzyme Activities and In Vitro Gas
Production Kinetics ...................................................................... 130
Methane Production and Methanogens Diversity in In Vitro
Ruminal Fermentation with Mahogany Leaves Meal (Swietenia
mahagoni) as Tannin Source ....................................................... 131
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING
Scrotal Circumference and Body Weight Correlate with Sperm
Quantity of Bali Bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination Center .... 133
Evaluation of Friesian Holstein Bulls Fertility in Lembang and
Singosari Artificial Insemination Center Using West Java
ISIKHNAS Data ............................................................................ 135
Effect of Sericin Supplementation in Collection Medium on
Bovine Oocyte Nuclear Maturation .............................................. 137
Mutation Identification in the Myostatin Complete Sequence in
Indonesian Kampung Chicken ..................................................... 138
In Vitro Fertilizing Capability of Frisian Holstein Bull Sperm
after Long-Term Storage in Liquid Nitrogen ................................ 140
Liquid Semen Quality of PO Cattle Supplemented Red Fruit Oil
(RFO) in Ringer Lactate - Egg Yolk at 5oC .................................. 141
The Effect of Cryopreservation Method to The Quality of
Bovine Cumulus Cells Primary Culture ....................................... 142
The Recovery Rate Of Simmental Bull Frozen Semen Of Post
Thawing By Using Tris Dilution With Different Egg Yolks ........... 143
Conception Rate of Artificial Insemination Using Liquid Semen
with Different Diluent in Ongole Crossbred Cow ......................... 144
Evaluation of Potentials BoerPE Production Based on
Performans Crossbreed and Genetic Analysis ........................... 145
Genotyping and Chi-Square Analysis of 967 bp Leptin Gene in
Bligon Goat................................................................................... 146
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Sex Determining Region-
Y Gene Coding Sequences in Belgian Blue Bull and Wagyu
Bull Crossbred Cattle ................................................................... 147
The Association of Prolactin Gene Polymorphism with Egg
Production Traits in Alabio and Mojosari Ducks .......................... 148
Polymorphism of β-Defensin Genes of Holstein-Friesian Cows
Associated with Mammary Gland Health .................................... 149
Age-dependent Changes in Fresh Semen Quality of Swamp
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ............................................................. 150
Specific Primer Design of COI Gene and Its Potential
Application for Species Identification of Meats ............................ 151
Acrosome Integrity Examination of Post-thawed Spermatozoa
from Several Ongole Grade Bull in Indonesia using Giemsa
Staining Method ........................................................................... 152
Animal Model Approach to Estimate the Genetic Parameters
of Milk Yield from Imported Holstein Cows Reared under
Tropical Condition ........................................................................ 154
Effect of Different Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Levels on the
Sperm Viability of Ongole Cross Bred Bull during 5oC Storage .. 155
Effect of Green Bean Sprout and Acidifier Supplementation on
Fertility, Survival Rate, and Egg Weight of Native Chicken ........ 156
Strategy for Improving Production Performance and
Preservation of Madura Cattle ..................................................... 157
The Natural Increase and Output of Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus
bubalis) in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Indonesia ............. 158
Natural Increase in Kacang Goat with Semi Intensive
Maintenance System in Sawohan Village Buduran District
Sidoarjo East Java ....................................................................... 159
The Decreasing of Quality Liquid Semen Using Four Months
Storages of Tris Aminomethan and CEP-3 Diluents ................... 160
Phenotype of Sonok Type in Madura Cattle Breeding
Development Area, Pasean District, Pamekasan Regency,
Madura Island .............................................................................. 161
Phenotypic Characteristic of Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro
Sub District, Lumajang Regency ................................................. 162
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
Sensory Property and Benzo(a)Pyrene (Bap) Level in Se’i
Processed from Cull Bali Cow Meat ............................................ 164
Influence of Body Condition Score on Carcass Characteristics
of Cull Bali Cows .......................................................................... 165
The Effect of Incubation Period in Medium Waste of Pleurotus
ostreatus and Auricularia auricular .............................................. 166
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Concentration Level on
Physicochemical Properties of Fermented Goat Meat
Dendeng ....................................................................................... 167
Physical Characteristics of Synbiotic Fermented Milk Enriched
with Inulin at Room Temperature as Functional Drinking
Products ....................................................................................... 168
Anti-Obesity Effect of Synbiotic Yoghurt in High Fat Diet
Induced Wistar Rats ..................................................................... 169
Characteristics of Casein-Chitosan Edible Coating and Its
Preservative Effect in Meat during Accelerated Storage ............ 170
Physicochemical Quality and Organoleptic Properties of
Commercial Beef Meatballs in Malang City, East Java,
Indonesia ...................................................................................... 171
Egg Yolk Biometric Color Measurement with TCS230 Color
Sensor and Arduino Microcontroller ............................................ 172
The Quality of Low Fat Mayonnaise using Banana Peel Flour
as Stabilizer .................................................................................. 173
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL AGRIBUSINESS
Level Adoption of Feed and Organic Fertilizer Technology
Based on By Products of Oil Palm Plantation Industry in
Lamandau District, Central Kalimantan ....................................... 175
Concept "Cooperative Farming" as Business Development
Strategy Model of Native Chickens in Province North Sulawesi
in Indonesia .................................................................................. 177
An Investigation on Barriers toward Acceptance of Integrated-
Farming between Paddy and Beef Cattle in Greater Surakarta . 178
The Level of Farmers Participation in the Business Partnership
System of Beef Cattle (Teseng) at Kahu District, Bone
Regency ....................................................................................... 179
Goat Farmers Behavior on Complete Feed Use in Jeneponto
Regency, South Sulawesi Province ............................................. 180
Participation of Farmers in Extension of Beef Cattle Farming in
Barru District, Barru Regency ...................................................... 181
Financial Performance of Small-Scale Layer Farming in
Malang Regency Indonesia ......................................................... 182
Factors Affecting the Women’s Labour Participation at Home
Industry of Rambak Crackers in Tulungagung Regency ............ 183
Analysis of Beef Cattle Business Stakeholders Based on the
Farmer's Viewpoint in Ringinrejo District, Kediri Regency with
the Social Network Method .......................................................... 184
The Supply Chain Analysis of Duck Meat In Madura Island,
East Java, Indonesia .................................................................... 185
BEP and MOS of the Pullet Farming Partnership Scheme at
Malang, Indonesia ........................................................................ 186
ABSTRACTS FOR POSTER SESSION
Effects of Essential Oil Made of Orange Peels on Fungal
Contamination of Elephant Grass, Cassava Plant and Corn
Kernel Explants on Tissue Culture Medium ................................ 188
The Effect of Supplementation of Leucaena leucochepala
Leaves in Digestibility of BK and BO of Friesian Holstein Dairy
Cows in Lactation ......................................................................... 189
Motility and Movement Patterns of Bull Spermatozoa after
Incubation in Fertilization Media with Heparin or Caffeine In
Vitro .............................................................................................. 190
Difference of Nutritional Value and Antioxidant Activity
between Goat Milk Yoghurt Casein with Freeze Dried Goat
Milk Yoghurt Casein ..................................................................... 191
Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of Goat Milk Yoghurt, Casey
Goat Milk Yoghurt, and Freeze Dry Casey Goat Milk Yoghurt ... 193
Soybean Phospholipids-Based Extender as an Alternative for
Bull Sperm Cryopreservation ....................................................... 194
Identification of Insulin Induced Gene 1 (INSIG1) Encoded Milk
Fat in Friesian Holstein Cattle in Several Location in Indonesia
...................................................................................................... 195
Distribution of the Quality of Milk Dairy Cattle in West Java ....... 196
Improvement of Ruminal Feed Fermentation by Addition of
Eucalyptus Based Mix Essential Oil ............................................ 197
Correlation between Body Size and Body Weigth of Kacang
Goats in UPT. Agri Science Technopark Islamic University of
Lamongan .................................................................................... 198
Synbiotic Garlic and Lactobacillus acidhopilhus on Broiler
Chick Weight Gain and Environmental Temperature .................. 199
Supplementation of Methionine Lysine on Leucaena Leaf Meal
Fermented for Quality Broiler Chickens Feed ............................. 200
Decrease Quality During Storage Packaged Beef Sausage
Edible Coating by Durian Seeds Starch – Chitosan with the
Addition of Kesum Leaf Extract ................................................... 201
The Cured Egg Yolk Quality on Different Salting Time ............... 203
Physical Quality and Microstructure of Prebiotic Fermented
Milk to Support a Healthy Lifestyle .............................................. 204
Performance Production of Male Joper Chicken (3-8 Weeks
Old) with Different Protein Level in Feed ..................................... 205
The Diversity of Phenotypes Madura Cattle from A Cultural
Perspective in Pamekasan District .............................................. 206
The Utilization of Fresh Water Snail Shell’s Meal as Additive in
Commercial Feed on Quail Growth Phase .................................. 207
Comparative Study of the Price of Input and Output Layer
Farm in Blitar East Java and Lima Puluh Kota District, West
Sumatera ...................................................................................... 208
The Effectiveness of Phytopharmaca of Ethanol Extract
Sambiloto Leaf as an Alternative of Control to Coccidiosis ........ 209
Supplementation of Red Dragon Peel Extract (Hylocereus
polyrhizus) in Extender on the Quality of Limousin Chilled
Semen .......................................................................................... 211
xvii
WELCOMING MESSAGE
xviii
Welcome Message from the Rector
Prof. Dr. Ir. Nuhfil Hanani AR., M.S. Rector of the University of Brawijaya
Assalamualaikum wr.wb.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
First and foremost, on behalf of the University of Brawijaya, I
would like to welcome participants from various countries to participate
in the 4th Animal Production International Seminar (4th APIS) 2019.
With the theme of “Strengthening Research and Networking for
Sustainable Animal Production in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0”,
the principal objective of the 4th APIS is to provide a scientific forum for
junior and senior animal scientists and respective stakeholders, to share
their experiences, discuss issues and suggest recommendations to
develop further a more sustainable livestock production in their
respective countries, especially in relation with the current perspective
of industrial revolution 4.0.
Secondly, I would like to congratulate the Faculty of Animal
Science, University of Brawijaya and organizing committee for their hard
work to make this event possible. I would like to thank Prof. Shinichi
Yonekura from Shinshu University, Japan; Prof. Rasmus Heller from
University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Prof. Pornthep Anussornnitisarn
from Kasetsart University, Thailand; and Prof. Bambang Purwantara
from ANBIOCORE and IPB University, Indonesia for coming and sharing
their knowledge in the 4th APIS as the keynote speakers. Special thanks
go to Dr. Eko Widodo (editor-in-chief) and his team for their work to
create the 4th APIS proceedings to be published in the IOP Conference
Series: Earth and Environmental Science and nationally accredited
journals managed by the Faculty of Animal Science, University of
Brawijaya.
Most of all, I thank each and every one of you for your
participation in making this conference a great success. I would like to
encourage all participants, particularly the younger ones to take this
opportunity to make new friends and to create new opportunities to
xix
foster cooperation towards promotion and enhancement of sustainable
animal agriculture in our respective countries.
All sponsors are highly appreciated to make the conference more
successful. Last but not least, all partners who contributed to this
conference are deeply thanks without your fully supports this conference
would never be accomplished.
Wassalamualaikum wr.wb.
Yours sincerely.
xx
Welcome Message from the Dean
Prof. Dr.Agr.Sc. Suyadi, MS, IPU, ASEAN Eng. Dean of Faculty of Animal Science University of Brawijaya
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
Honorable guest.
Distinguished researchers and academicians.
Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen.
Assalamualaikum wr.wb.
May peace be upon us.
First, let us praise to the presence of God, the Merciful God who
has bestowed our pleasures, for the health, the opportunities, and the
happiness we feel today. Without His mercy, it would be impossible for
all of us to meet in this remarkable opportunity. Secondly, Shalawat and
greetings remain poured to the Prophet Muhammad SAW who has been
guiding us.
Ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure in welcoming all of you to
the triannual Animal Production International Seminar (APIS). On its
fourth establishments, with the theme of “Strengthening Research and
Networking for Sustainable Animal Production in the Era of Industrial
Revolution 4.0”, the Animal Production International Seminar is aiming
to discuss issues which has been and may occur during the current
industrial shift in regards to scientific research and stakeholders’
networking of sustainable animal production.
Over the course of history, mankind has continuously perfected
the industrial process, not only relying on technical evolution but also by
reinventing it as new resources, thus have created new technical means.
In the first era of industrial revolution, mechanization along with steam
engine inventions has revolutionized various sectors, replacing
agriculture with industry as the economic structure foundations. In the
second industrial revolution, gas and oil has emerged as the new source
of energy, replacing steam power which has revolutionized the first
industrial era. During the second industrial revolution, the technological
xxi
advancements also initiated the development of chemical synthesis,
which has provided us with fabric, dyes, and in the sector of agriculture,
industrial production of synthetic fertilizers began to emerge. Nearly a
century later, in the second half of the 20th century, a third industrial
revolution emerged with the rise of electronics, which gave rise to the
research of biotechnology, automatons, and robots. Today, a fourth
industrial revolution is in underway, which builds upon the third
revolution and the digital revolution that has been taking place since the
internet. The industry of today and tomorrow will connect all production
means to enable their interaction in real time. Factories 4.0 enable
communication among the different players and connected objects in
production line possible by the help of technology such as Cloud, Big
Data Analytics and the Industrial Internet of Things.
Beloved guests, looking back to the history of industrial revolution,
the shift towards industry 4.0 is unstoppable and will affects every
sector, not to mention, animal production sectors. It offers opportunities
and better productions, while a delay in adaption will be harmful in the
long run, thus collaborations between government, academicians,
scientists and professionals is essential to adjust the new industrial
platform. Improvements toward digitalization should be done, so that the
policy making, research implementation and network development
between alumni and stakeholders could be done in synergy, in a faster
and efficient way, so that a more sustainable animal production can be
achieved.
Ladies and gentlemen, let me close my talk by welcoming you
once again, welcome you to the Faculty of Animal Science, University of
Brawijaya. It is an honor to be here with you today: well-known experts,
researchers and stakeholders from the industries and society, who have
been invited to share the views and researches, and to discuss the
respected matters in the 4th Animal Production International Seminar. I
hope you all have an engaging and enriching session ahead.
Thank you. Wassalamualaikum wr. wb.
xxii
Welcome Message from 4th APIS Chairman
Dr. Ir. Eko Widodo, M.Agr.Sc. Chairman of the Organizing Committee
The 4th APIS 2019
Honorable guest.
Distinguished researchers and academicians.
Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen.
On behalf of the Organizing Committee, it is my pleasure to extend
you all a very warm welcome and to say how grateful we are to all of the
invited speakers (Prof. Shinichi Yonekura from Japan, Prof. Rasmus
Heller from Denmark, Prof. Pornthep Anussornnitisarn from Thailand
and Prof. Bambang Purwantara from Indonesia) for the willingness and
attendance to give their in-depth insight for the 4th Animal Production
International Seminar (4th APIS) with the theme of “Strengthening
Research and Networking for Sustainable Animal Production in the Era
of Industrial Revolution 4.0”.
This international seminar is organized by Faculty of Animal
Science, University of Brawijaya to facilitate discussion on research,
practical works, policy, and strategy on animal production. The
participants of the seminar have come from various countries, such as
Malaysia, Sudan, and of course Indonesia. In this special occasion, I
would like to thank all participants, especially those of you who come
from abroad, for joining us and share your valuable experience and
ideas. In addition, I would like to thank the Rector of University of
Brawijaya, Dean of the Faculty of Animal Science, all of the organizing
committee members and sponsors who have supported the success of
the seminar.
All of the abstracts submitted in the 4th APIS have been passed
through vigorous selection and will be reviewed by professionals to
provide useful suggestions and feedbacks. The selected papers are
then encouraged to be submitted and published in SCOPUS indexed
proceedings or accredited journals.
xxiii
Last but not least, I am sure that you will enjoy your stay in Malang.
Please enjoy the harmonious blend of culture, cuisine, arts and beautiful
nature of East Java. Once again, thank you for coming and welcome.
Wassalamualaikum wr. wb.
xxiv
PROGRAM SCHEDULE
Thursday, October 24th 2019
Time Program
07:30-08:20 Registration
08:20-08:30 Opening by MC
08:30-08:35 National Anthem with video
08:35-08:45 Traditional Dance Performance
08:45-08:48 Conference report by Chairman
08:48-08:52 Welcoming speech by Dean
08:52-09:00 Opening Speech by Rector or Representatives
09.00-09.10 Prayer
09:10-09:15 Conference Inauguration and Photo Session
09:15-09:35 Coffee break
Plenary Session 09:35-12:35
1. Prof. Shinichi Yonekura, Ph.D. (Shinshu University, Japan) 2. Rasmus Heller, Ph.D. (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) 3. Pornthep Anussornnitisarn, Ph.D. (Kasetsart University, Thailand) 4. Prof. drh. Bambang Purwantara, M.Sc., Ph.D. (ANBIOCORE, IPB University, Indonesia)
12:35-13:30 Lunch, Praying
xxv
Ball Room 1 Scudetto Room Winner Room
Parallel Session 1 13:30-14:45
Prof. Jonathan (St. Isabel University, the Philippines)1,2
Prof. A. Jalaludeen (Kerala Vet. and Anim. Sci. Univ.)1,2
214 Andi L Amar1
236 Trinil Susilowati 352. M. Halim Natsir 316. Nurita Thiasari
230 Yose H 233 Novi Akhirini 313 Siti Nurul K
220 Nurcholis 239 M.M. Solikhin 301 Artharini
325 Achadiah R 296-J.T. Laihad 310 Ari K.J.
14.45-15.15 Coffee break and Praying time
Parallel Session 2 15:15-16:30
Prof. Liang Chou Hsia (NPUST, Taiwan)1,2
Dr. Suraya (UPM, Malaysia)1,2 200-Anuraga Jayanegara1
287 Eko Widodo 248 Tety Hartatik 320 Joko Riyanto
276 Nur Wulan 246 Tety Hartatik 321 Joko Riyanto
258 Bambang S. 265 Dyah Maharani 267 Indah Wijayanti
205 Dea Alfia Risky 277 Nurul Isnaini 282 Deni Setiadi
Parallel Session 3 16:30-17:55
344-Suyadi (UB)1,2 278-Elsmoaal (Sudan)1,2 283 Liliek Eka R1
347 Kuswati 327 M. Nur Ihsan 221 IGN Jelantik
309 Nada M 302 Yuli Frita 293 Masdiana C. Padaga
290 Kurniawan D.P 297 Ahmad Masykur 213 GEM Malelak
244 Inggit K 362 Sri Minarti 356 Agus Susilo
17.55 - 18:40 Break
18.40 – 18.50 Opening Welcoming Party by MC
xxvi
18:50 - 19:00 Welcoming Party Speech by Dean
19:00-21:00 Welcoming Dinner
19:00-21:00 Entertainments and Live music from Fapet Home Band
1Moderator for parallel session 2Invited Speakers
Friday, October 25th 2019
Time
Program
07:30-08:00 Registration
07:30-15:00 Poster Session
Ball Room 1 Scudetto Room Winner Room Champion Room
Parallel Session 4 08:00-09:10
324 A.S. Babji (UKM, Malaysia)1,2
286 Eko Widodo (UB)1,2 260 Amani Osman1 275 Sucik Maylinda1
234 Novi Akhirini 289-M. Tahir 306 Poespitasari H.N. 317 Woro Busono
308 Asri N.H 318 Jein Rini Leke 358 Mahanani 207 Bella Ayu Filasari
295 M. Junus 336 Mirzah 359 C Hasanah 231 Made Sriasih
323 Osfar Sjofjan 300 Heli Tistiana 322 Surya Retnaningrum
09:10-09:40 Coffee Break
Parallel Session 5 09:40-10:50
348. Hendrawan S (UB)1,2
360-V.M.A. Nurgiartiningsih (UB)1,2
299 Ita Wahyu Nursita1 330 Irfan H. Djunaidi1
xxvii
319 Ahmad E.T.S 208 Faizal Amri S 251 A Esfandiari 331 Irfan H. Djunaidi
243 Syamsu Bahar 285 Truly K 272 Purwaningsih 259 Noor Arintasari
303 Nurcholis 227 Ekayani M.K 332 Agus Budiarto 254 Dyah Lestari
337 Fauzia Agustin 202 Farida Idealistina 261 Mohamad Hidayat
10:50-12:30 Lunch, Friday praying
12:00-13:00 Poster Session
Parallel Session 6 13:00-14:25
345-Suyadi (UB)1,2 219-B.A. Nugroho (UB)1,2 335 Djalal Rosyidi1 328 Firmansyah1
334 Wike Andre 201 BB. Ngaji U 264 M. Fadlilrahman L 353 W Suwito
270 Nina Herlina 215 Jolanda K.J. Kalangi 314 Mulia W.A 284 Richi Y.K
206 Zulfi Nur A.R 315 Jaisy A.P 304 Ria Dewi 341 Dyah Lestari
365 Tri Eko S 366 H.D. Utami 361 Herly Evanuarini 312 Anie Eka
329 Suprih B.S 247 Sutrisno HP 298 Nanang F
14:25-14:50 Coffee Break
Parallel Session 7 14:50-16:15
269 Zaenal Bachruddin (UGM)1,2
326-Siti Azizah (UB)1,2 333 Mashudi1 217 Ni Wayan Kurniani K1
268 H.L Sanjaya 357-Nanang F 263 Ikhwan Hadianto 209 Isyana Khaerunisa
305 Siti Chuzaemi 257-Amrullah* 262 M. Sofi’ul Anam 204 Resti indriastuti
232 Arfan Abrar 255-S.T. Rohani 307 Hartutik 342 Aulia P.A.Y
256 T.G Rasyid 253 Endang Sulistyowati
xxviii
Closing Ceremony
16:15-16:25 Speech and conference report by Chairman
16:25-17:00 Awarding for best presenters
17:00-17:15 Closing remark by Dean 1Moderator for parallel session 2Invited Speakers
*The 4th APIS Field Trip
Bromo Trip
Time Program
Saturday, October 26th 2019
20:00-21:00 Pick up at Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
21:00-04:00 Departure to the Bromo mountain
Sunday, October 27th 2019
04:00-12:00 Breakfast, Bromo trip (sunrise view, Bromo crater and savanna)
12:00-16:00 Return to Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
16:00 Arrived at Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
xxix
Ijen Crater Trip
Time Program
Saturday, October 26th 2019
20:00-21:00 Pick up at Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
21:00-04:00 Departure to Ijen crater
Sunday, October 27th 2019
04:00-12:00 Breakfast, Ijen crater trip
12:00-16:00 Return to Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
20:00-23:00 Arrived at Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
Batu Trip
Time Program
Saturday, October 26th 2019
07:00-08:00 Pick up at Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
08:00-20.00 FIELD TRIP IN BATU MALANG
20:00-23:00 Arrived at Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya *The field trip program is optional. Participants should register for the field trip (additional charges applied and varied on each
trip). The listed field trip schedule is tentative and can be changed accordingly.
1
PLENARY SESSION FROM KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
2
The Relationship Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in
Mammary Gland and Milk Production
Shinichi Yonekura1,2*
1Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences,
2Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The transition period, from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after parturition, represents the most critical period in productive life of dairy cows. The unfolded protein response (UPR) describes a process involved in the homeostasis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the differentiation of secretory cells. Immediately after delivery, the gene expression levels of the XBP1s, ATF4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) markedly increased in the mammary gland tissue, showing a strong negative correlation between the expression of CHOP and the initial milk yield. CHOP is an apoptosis-related protein induced by ER stress. The above findings indicate that UPR is intrinsically associated with the apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells, thus affecting the milk yield. Moreover, expression of GRP78, a marker of ER stress, and CHOP, a factor involved in apoptosis, tends to elevate by mild heat treatment. Consequently, chronic mild heat stress is thought to induce apoptosis. Although detailed examination using dairy cows is necessary in the future, one of the factors causing the decrease in milk production through metabolic changes or heat stress could be mammary epithelial cell death arising from ER stress. Keywords: Dairy cow, unfolded protein response, mammary epithelial
cell, transition period.
Introduction
The transition period, from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after
parturition, represents the most critical period in productive life of dairy
cows. The increase in demand of energy for accelerated fetal growth
3
and nutrients for the synthesis of milk coupled with decreased feed
intake force the transition cows to undergo negative energy balance. In
this period, most of the metabolic and infectious diseases are occurred.
Therefore, understanding the consequence of metabolic changes and
the molecular mechanisms affected by those changes are important. In
this review, we discuss about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in
mammary gland during transition period.
ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR)
Metabolic and oxidative stress are potential stimuli for the
induction of ER stress. ER is a subcellular organelle essential for the
biosynthesis of secretory proteins. To exert its innate physiological
functions, a newly synthesized secretory protein first needs to be folded
into its correct steric conformation within the ER. Normal maturation of
proteins can be disrupted by changes in the cellular environment, such
as ischemia, and in calcium concentrations and by the production and
overproduction of abnormal proteins translated from mutated gene. This
causes the unfolded proteins to accumulate within the ER, thereby
damaging the cells. ER stress is defined as this type of loss of
homeostasis within the ER [1]. Cells possess a defense mechanism
against functional abnormalities in the ER, which is referred to as
unfolded protein response (UPR), which is widely conserved in
eukaryotes from yeasts to mammals [2]. ER stress sensors are a group
of molecules that detect abnormal proteins accumulated within the ER
lumen and transmit signals to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Mammals
possess three ER stress sensors: protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic
reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and
inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) [3, 4]. UPR comprises the following
functions: 1) to augment the folding capacity by inducing the
transcription of ER chaperones, 2) to suppress protein translation, and
3) to promote the decomposition of abnormal proteins by inducing the
transcription of ER-associated protein degradation factors. All three
stress sensors are ER transmembrane proteins, and each forms a
characteristic effecter domain in the cytoplasm and transmitting signals
downstream in different forms. When IRE1 was activated,
unconventional spliceosome-independent splicing of X-box binding
4
protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA was elicited; XBP 1 splicing form (XBP1s) was
produced from the spliced substrate XBP1 mRNA [5]. After migrating
into the nucleus, the XBP1s functions as a transcription factor [6]. PERK
phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF-2α) to reduce its
functions, thereby promoting the translation of the transcription factor
ATF4 [7]. Dependent on the ER stress, ATF6α is transported to the Golgi
apparatus, where it is cleaved within the membrane by site 1 and 2
proteases. The N-terminal fragments from the cleavage reaction then
migrate into the nucleus and serve as transcription factors [8]. Under
excessive or persistent stress, cells undergo apoptosis and die. In such
cases, ATF4 induces the transcription of C/EBP homologous protein
(CHOP), which is a transcription factor that promotes apoptosis [9]. It is
widely accepted that ER stress has been associated with a number of
metabolic diseases.
UPR and Milk production
The mammary gland is an exocrine tissue that synthesizes
proteins in large quantities during the lactation stage. For a proper
lactation, the mammary gland needs to develop its functions over the
period from gestation to lactation. Specifically, mammary epithelial cells
(MECs) constituting the mammary alveoli need to differentiate into
secretory cells that are capable of synthesizing milk.
Years of selective breeding and improvement have made it
possible to maintain high lactation volumes in dairy cows, including
Holsteins. Invernizzi et al. [10] observed transcriptional changes in the
UPR-related genes at different stages of the lactation cycle in Holstein
cows. Moreover, we found that the expression levels of XBP1s, ATF4,
and CHOP started gradually increasing prior to delivery and achieved
significantly higher levels immediately after delivery before stabilizing at
similar levels as those before delivery [11]. While the expression of
CHOP decreases in mouse mammary gland tissue [12], it apparently
increases in bovine mammary glands. The expression level of CHOP
does not increase in mouse mammary gland possibly because mice
have a lower ability to synthesize proteins than do cows and thus do not
undergo excessive ER stress. Thus, the elevated expression of CHOP
likely reflects the high lactation capacity of bovine mammary glands.
5
We analyzed the correlation between the expression levels of
XBP1s, ATF4, and CHOP in mammary gland tissue immediately after
delivery and the initial milk yield (cumulative sum >40 days of lactation).
No correlation was observed between the expression levels of XBP1s
and ATF4 and the initial milk yield in any of the individuals. In contrast,
the correlation coefficient between the expression of CHOP and the
initial milk yield was -0.921 (p = 0.009). Thus, a strong negative
correlation was observed between the expression of CHOP and the
initial milk yield in each individual [11]. The milk yield is determined by
the number of MECs and the secretory capacity per cell [13].
Accordingly, the milk yield until 40 days after delivery was reduced when
CHOP expression increased possibly because apoptosis was
enhanced, and the number of mammary epithelial cells thus increased
in individuals with a high expression level of CHOP.
UPR and Heat stress
Heat stress decreases the productivity of livestock. Particularly,
in lactating cows, heat stress arises not only from exogenous (climatic)
sources but also from the metabolic heat arising during milk production.
Experiments involving controlled dry matter intake under heat stress
conditions have revealed that reduced nutrient intake accounts for only
50% of heat stress-induced decrease in milk yield and hyperthermia
changes the proportion of casein subtypes in milk with a reduced milk
protein concentration beyond the effects of restricted intake [14]. These
results suggest that factors other than a reduction in energy intake may
be responsible for reduced milk production, one being that the
temperature inside the mammary gland may affect the production and
composition of milk.
The UPR is activated by heat stress, and the response varies
depending on the strength of the stimulus. In a study using AD-293 cells
derived from human fetal kidney, the expression levels of UPR factors,
including GRP78, CHOP, and XBP1s increased, and the
phosphorylation of elF2 was induced with a mild heat stimulus at 39 °C–
40 °C. These phenomena are not observed with a strong heat stress at
43 °C [15]. Most of the research on the relationship between heat stress
and the UPR has been under conditions of strong heat stress at 42 °C–
6
43 °C for 1–2 h [16], whereas only few reports have examined the effect
of mild heat stress at 39 °C over an extended time period. However, in
real-life dairy farm conditions, animals rarely experience sudden strong
heat stress but are more commonly exposed to weaker heat stress for a
certain period of time. We found that mild heat stress treatment
significantly increases the expression levels of XBP1 and ATF6, and
CHOP, a factor involved in apoptosis, tended to be high in mammary
epithelial cells [17]. When excessive ER stress is initiated or continued
for a long period of time, cells undergo apoptosis leading to cell death.
Although detailed examination using dairy cows is necessary in the
future, one of the factors causing a decrease in milk production by heat
stress could be mammary epithelial cell death arising from ER stress.
Conclusion
The UPR is a pathway responsive to cellular survival against
stress stimulus, but it also leads to death by apoptosis when adaptation
to the stress cannot be achieved. Accumulated data suggests that the
expression of UPR-related genes is elevated during transition period
and UPR is intrinsically associated with the apoptosis of mammary gland
epithelial cells, which affects the milk yield. Therefore, it is thought that
ER stress is key cellular event associated with metabolic changes during
transition period.
References
[1] Ron, D. and P. Walter. 2007. Signal integration in the endoplasmic
reticulum unfolded protein response. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
8(7):519-529.
[2] Mori, K. 2000. Tripartite management of unfolded proteins in the
endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 101(5):451-454.
[3] Patil, C. and P. Walter. 2001. Intracellular signaling from the
endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus: the unfolded protein
response in yeast and mammals. Curr Opin Cell Biol 13(3):349-
355.
7
[4] Ron, D. 2002. Translational control in the endoplasmic reticulum
stress response. J Clin Invest 110(10):1383-1388.
[5] Calfon, M., H. Zeng, F. Urano, J. H. Till, S. R. Hubbard, H. P.
Harding, S. G. Clark, and D. Ron. 2002. IRE1 couples
endoplasmic reticulum load to secretory capacity by processing
the XBP-1 mRNA. Nature 415(6867):92-96.
[6] Yoshida, H., T. Matsui, N. Hosokawa, R. J. Kaufman, K. Nagata,
and K. Mori. 2003. A time-dependent phase shift in the
mammalian unfolded protein response. Dev Cell 4(2):265-271.
[7] Harding, H. P., Y. Zhang, and D. Ron. 1999. Protein translation
and folding are coupled by an endoplasmic-reticulum-resident
kinase. Nature 397(6716):271-274.
[8] Ye, J., R. B. Rawson, R. Komuro, X. Chen, U. P. Dave, R. Prywes,
M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein. 2000. ER stress induces
cleavage of membrane-bound ATF6 by the same proteases
that process SREBPs. Mol Cell 6(6):1355-1364.
[9] Zinszner, H., M. Kuroda, X. Wang, N. Batchvarova, R. T. Lightfoot,
H. Remotti, J. L. Stevens, and D. Ron. 1998. CHOP is
implicated in programmed cell death in response to impaired
function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Genes Dev 12(7):982-
995.
[10] Invernizzi, G., A. Naeem, and J. J. Loor. 2012. Short
communication: Endoplasmic reticulum stress gene network
expression in bovine mammary tissue during the lactation
cycle. J Dairy Sci 95(5):2562-2566.
[11] Yonekura, S., M. Tsuchiya, Y. Tokutake, M. Mizusawa, M.
Nakano, M. Miyaji, H.
[12] Tsuchiya, M., Y. Koizumi, S. Hayashi, M. Hanaoka, Y. Tokutake,
and S. Yonekura. 2017. The role of unfolded protein response
in differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys
Res Commun 484(4):903-908.
8
[13] Capuco, A. V., D. L. Wood, R. Baldwin, K. McLeod, and M. J.
Paape. 2001. Mammary cell number, proliferation, and
apoptosis during a bovine lactation: relation to milk production
and effect of bST. J Dairy Sci 84(10): 2177-2187.
[14] Wheelock, J. B., R. P. Rhoads, M. J. Vanbaale, S. R. Sanders,
and L. H. Baumgard. 2010. Effects of heat stress on energetic
metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci, 93(2), 644-
655.
[15] Xu, X., S. Gupta, W. Hu, B. C. McGrath, and D. R. Cavener. 2011.
Hyperthermia induces the ER stress pathway. PLoS One, 6(8),
e23740.
[16] Hou, C. H., F. L. Lin, S. M. Hou, and J. F. Liu. 2014. Hyperthermia
induces apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum and reactive
oxygen species in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Mol Sci,
15(10), 17380-17395.
[17] Mizusawa, M., M. M. Sharmin, and S. Yonekura. 2019. Mild heat
stress induces transcription of the β-casein gene via unfolded
protein response-activated XBP1 signaling in undifferentiated
mammary epithelial cells. Anim Sci J 90(8):1026-1032.
9
Ruminant Genomes with a Focus on the Possible Utility of
Wildlife Genomic Resources for Livestock
Rasmus Heller*
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The ruminants are one of the most species-rich groups of mammals and include notable livestock species such as cattle, sheep and goats. Yet, only a handful of species had their genome sequenced and published, and evolutionary relations remained unresolved even at the family level. In the Ruminant Genome Project we de novo sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 44 species of wild ruminants. We resolve the phylogeny of all major ruminant lineages, investigate their genome structure, find genes under selection and gebs associated with number of important traits. Most notably, we examine the genetic basis of headgear and the rumen, unravel the genetic changes associated with giay domestication and identify several genetic changes that may have implications in human medicine. Our project is one of the largest animal genome projects to date and provides an important advance in the study of wild and domesticated ruminants.
10
Higher Education in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0
Pornthep Anussornnitisarn
Kasetsart University, Thailand
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
11
Genomic and Assisted Reproductive Technology to Support
Livestock Production
Bambang Purwantara1,2*
1CCR ANBIOCORE 2Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, IPB University
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The transition period, from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after parturition, represents the most critical period in productive life of dairy cows. The unfolded protein response (UPR) describes a process involved in the homeostasis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the differentiation of secretory cells. Immediately after delivery, the gene expression levels of the XBP1s, ATF4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) markedly increased in the mammary gland tissue, showing a strong negative correlation between the expression of CHOP and the initial milk yield. CHOP is an apoptosis-related protein induced by ER stress. The above findings indicate that UPR is intrinsically associated with the apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells, thus affecting the milk yield. Moreover, expression of GRP78, a marker of ER stress, and CHOP, a factor involved in apoptosis, tends to elevate by mild heat treatment. Consequently, chronic mild heat stress is thought to induce apoptosis. Although detailed examination using dairy cows is necessary in the future, one of the factors causing the decrease in milk production through metabolic changes or heat stress could be mammary epithelial cell death arising from ER stress. Keywords: dairy cow, unfolded protein response, mammary epithelial
cell, transition period
Introduction
Food demand and consumption which continues to increase is a
serious challenge for Indonesia's food policy in the future. The policy to
increase production of staple foods such as rice, corn and soybean is
not sufficient to meet the increasing food demand. Population growth,
12
especially the middle class, and high rates of urbanization have led to
changes in dietary patterns and future food demand. Higher incomes
and better understanding of food and health have encouraged
consumers to only choose foods that are healthier, diverse, quality and
safe [1]. On the other hand, agricultural development policy in Indonesia
still do not prioritize livestock production as a strategic commodity. To
show one example, the current local beef production is only enough to
fulfil 65% of the national demand. To overcome the shortage, almost 100
thousand head of cattle and more than 12 thousand tons of beef and
meat were imported in 2018 [2]. This increasing demand on livestock
production encourage government and industry to improve livestock
productivity. Among other important factors, efficiency of livestock
production such as to increase population, and various superior genetic
traits e.g. fertility, growth rate and daily gain, disease resistance, milk
production need to be explored and applied.
For almost five decades, artificial insemination (AI) program has
been widely used in most of dairy farms in Indonesia and gradually
adopted in beef cattle farm and industry. Embryo transfer (ET) after its
introduction in mid 1980s has been applicable to a limited uses
nationally in introducing superior genetic sources of cattle. The program
has been carried out through a government fully supported Livestock
Embryo Centre (BET) at Cipelang. Those assisted reproduction
technology (ART) which widely used in cattle industry, has been more
powerful if combined with genomics, one of the recent emerging
technology.
Assisted reproduction technology (ART) to support breeding
efficiency
The first assisted reproductive technology (ART) adopted in
cattle was artificial insemination (AI), initially introduced in Russia and
Denmark during the early 1900s. The main objective of AI application
was to increase genetic merit in livestock by using superior bulls. By the
use of standard freezing techniques, the adoption of AI has grown
worldwide to approximately 130 million cattle submitted for AI annually
[3]. Birth of the first calves from the use of frozen–thawed semen in 1952
and embryos in 1973 represented important milestones during the past
13
century [4]. Both developments were critical to the feasibility and growth
of large-scale AI and embryo transfer (ET) operations globally. Today,
the vast majority of inseminations and transfers are performed with
frozen–thawed semen and embryos. The introduction of AI program in
Indonesia was done since 1952 by Bolge Seit, a Danish veterinarian
who was engage in a national program called Rencana Kesejahteraan
Istimewa [5]. Through two national AI Centres in Lembang (BIB) and
Singosari (BBIB) and several local AI Centres (BIBD) today more than 4
million doses of frozen semen have been use for AI program.
Although multiple ovulation and ET (MOET) in cattle were
introduced in 1940s, large-scale ET commercial operation were not
established in North America, Europe, and South America until the
1070s, 1980s, 1990s, respectively [6]. In vitro developments in oocyte
maturation and sperm capacitation, fertilization, and embryo culture
during the 1970s and 1980s led to the birth of the first completely in vitro
embryo produced calves in 1987 [7]. The ovum pick-up (OPU) method
for repeated oocyte recovery from live donor females was developed
during the late 1980s by Pieterse et al. [8] (1988). Protocols for in vitro
embryo production (IVP) were further developed in the 1990s as an
alternative to multiple ovulation and ET by combining OPU, in vitro
fertilization (IVF), and ET [9]. Embryo transfer was first applied
commercially in Indonesia through the Ministry of Cooperatives initiative
in collaboration with Granada International Corporation, United States.
The pilot project on dairy cows was carried out, at PT Berdikari United
Livestock farms in Cicurug, Sukabumi, for dairy cow embryos, and at
Bila River Ranch Sidrap for beef cattle embryos in 1983.
Cloning techniques for production of identical animal began in
the 1970s, first by embryo splitting of sheep and subsequently replaced
by nuclear transfer [10]. A far more powerful technology, however,
involved what is referred to as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT),
allowing the cloning of an animal whose genetics and morphology were
already known. Dolly the sheep was the first example of success with
SCNT [11]. The technique was also applied to the production of
transgenic cattle [12] and has so far found its greatest use in production
of transgenic and gene-edited animals for research or pharmaceutical
use. Examples include development of cattle with mastitis resistance
14
[13] and polled traits (Carlson et al., 2016). Nuclear transfer can be
combined with genomic selection to further accelerate genetic gain by
reducing the generation interval [14].
Production of offspring of predetermined sex has been long
sought after by livestock producers [4]. Sorting of X- and Y-
chromosome-bearing sperm in rabbit by flow cytometry has been
possible since the 1980s [15]. In 1993, the first calf from sex-sorted
semen was born [16]. In recent years, the use of sexed semen has
grown internationally to the extent that bovine semen is currently being
sex sorted in approximately 15 countries. It is a credit to the many
scientists, farmers, veterinarians, and breeding organizations that have
translated the basic science to on-farm and laboratory technologies [4].
New genome technology: From SNP to whole genome sequencing
The last 15 years have been marked with a rapid advance in the
analyses of DNA sequence and structure. Genome sequence data from
next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have identified large
numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). High throughput
genotyping platforms have made SNPs the most widespread and
efficiently genotyped genetic markers. High-density SNP data can be
used in genomic selection (GS) [17] and in genome-wide association
studies (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for production
related traits, such as meat and milk composition, fertility or disease
response [18].
Further advances in sequencing technologies include the
development of long-read sequencing which will improve existing
livestock reference genome sequences which are still far from perfect.
Once sequence data is available from a sufficient number of animals to
define haplotypes in the population, it will be possible to predict high-
density SNP genotypes from low- density data by imputation. Indeed
prediction of whole genome sequence from high-density data will be
possible. This high-resolution genome data will make the identification
of the variants responsible for phenotypic variation more rapid.
15
Molecular breeding using high-density SNP and even genome
sequence data, promises to be a game changer, resulting in faster and
more efficient genetic selection. In spite of the decreasing costs, whole-
genome sequencing is still 5- to 10-time more expensive than SNP
genotyping. Whole-genome sequencing could be expected to replace
other genotyping methods in the near future as costs fall further [19].
Functional genomic: Genome editing and biotechnology for
breeding
Methods to introduce genetic variation into the genomes of
animals have been used for many years, with the first transgenic mouse
produced in 1981. However, the early transgenic approaches were
unpredictable, unrepeatable [20] and invariably resulted in the insertion
of the exogenous DNA into the host genome at multiple sites and in
multiple copies. In some cases, this led to disruption of gene function,
undesired ectopic expression that was difficult to control, and over- or
under-expression of the inserted gene.
Very recently methods for site- specific genetic modification have
become available, and are now routinely used in research. These site-
specific modifications are achieved by targeted cleavage of DNA and
homologous recombination using zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), which are
chimeric molecules, composed of a nuclease domain and specifically-
designed DNA-recognition domains. A more efficient molecular tool for
genome editing is the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic
repeats (CRISPR)-associated 9 (Cas9) system.
CRISPR/Cas9 uses short, single-guide RNA (sgRNA) to
recognize target sequences in the DNA for Cas9 nuclease cleavage to
facilitate editing. A further development is the transcription activator-like
effector nucleases (TALEN) genome editing system. The TALEN and
CRISPR/Cas9 systems are easier to engineer and more reliable than
the use of zinc finger nucleases [21].
It is also possible to introduce, delete or invert sequences of the
genome that range in size from a few to several hundred nucleotides. It
is even possible to target multiple genomic sites simultaneously and
therefore modify several genes controlling complex traits, although the
efficiency of multiple edits is still low [19].
16
Genome editing has the potential to accelerate genetic
improvement of farm animals, by moving existing variations among
populations, which up to now has been achieved by introgression
through cross-breeding and successive rounds of back-crossing. In
contrast, to this lengthy introgression process, genome editing can move
alleles into specific genetic backgrounds in one generation. The effective
application of genome editing requires improvements in in vitro embryo
methods, to provide large numbers of oocytes and increased efficiency
of in vitro embryo production.
Oocytes can be obtained by OPU and in vitro fertilisation
followed by microinjection of the zygotes and then in vitro culture until a
transferable embryo stage is reached, typically the blastocyst stage [22].
Improvements will include the production of oocytes from young females
for a range of farm animal species using JIVET, which has been used
successfully to create large numbers of viable embryos. Improvements
in in vitro culture techniques are also required to ensure correct embryo
development and maximise the number of live progeny produced [19].
Genome editing has many applications for advanced breeding.
It ranging from repairing defective genes, such as recessive lethal or
heritable disease variations in high genetic merit sires, to the
introduction of genes that have a major effect on commercially important
traits, such as resistance to disease and stress or polledness. An
example application is improving heat tolerance in European breeds for
production in tropical environments. The SLICK mutation, which was
discovered in the Senepol Caribbean cattle breed [23], improves heat
tolerance since it is associated with short hair and increased sweating.
The SLICK phenotype is under the control of a single gene [23].
There are several mutations in the prolactine receptor gene that
cause the SLICK phenotype, one of which is a premature stop codon
caused by a frameshift mutation [24]. Introgression of this mutation in
different breeds with recurrent backcross designs is possible, but is
slow, since it requires several generations of back crosses to regain the
genetic qualities of the recipient breed. Introduction of the SLICK
variations into a breed could be achieved in a single generation by gene
editing. The ability to get a rapid response by the introduction of alleles
17
that help animals to adapt to new environments is important in the face
of rapid climate changes that have been predicted.
Bridging Assisted Reproduction Technology (ART) and functional
genomic
Genetic evaluations (GE) and assisted reproduction
technologies (ART) have been tracking different scientific pathways.
Paradoxically, although reproduction specialists and quantitative
geneticists share the common goal of achieving genetic improvement,
these two groups of scientists do not collaborate on a regular basis.
However, in the context of application, GE and ART have been
working together to promote genetic changes in commercial herds [25].
ART such as artificial insemination, MOET, in vitro production of
embryos, have been applied to the multiplication of animals considered
to be superior. However, with the exception of MOET, embryo
biotechnologies have not been used extensively in breeding programs.
Moreover, fuelled by advances in DNA sequencing and genotyping
techniques and by falling costs, genomic selection, first mooted in 2001
is now possible [19].
In vitro embryo production is not yet reliable, although efforts has
been made to understand the molecular mechanisms play during
development and the factors that need to be improved. The techniques
used for in vitro production and culture of embryos can lead to alterations
in epigenetic programming, e.g. modifications of the DNA methylation
patterns (These changes have an effect on the expression of imprinted
genes and hence on developmental abnormalities, resulting in foetal
overgrowth and failure [19].
Early studies on cloning showed that synchronisation of the
nucleus from donor cells with that of the recipient is necessary to sustain
the development of a viable embryo [11], most probably through
epigenetic reprogramming. However, current cloning techniques are not
significantly better than those of the initial cloning reports [26], and the
success rate of producing viable offspring is still less than 1%. With this
low success rate, cloning cannot be used in programs for the genetic
improvement of farm animals, but is an approach that can be used for
research [19].
18
According to Garcia et al. [25] genomic predictions now offer a
new opportunity for using ART to shorten generation intervals and
maximize genetic gain, in special the use of preimplantation genetic
diagnosis (PGD).
Concluding Remarks
Breeding programs were developed to maximize genetic gain in
traits of economic importance, primarily milk production, and more
recently functional, health, and fertility traits. Incorporation of ART to
progeny testing schemes was essential to the incredible improvement in
milk production per cow during the past century. The implementation of
genomics creates many opportunities for livestock especially for cattle
production through increased genetic progress and the inclusion of new
traits of economic importance in the selection program. Enhanced
genetic progress will be enabled through increased selection accuracy,
decreased generation interval and increased selection intensity. It is
clear from success in the dairy industry that genomic selection can work.
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casein locus using zinc-finger nucleases, Proc. R. Soc. B Biol.
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genetic gain in cattle by reduction of generation interval, Sci.
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THE. 2016. Within- and across-breed genomic prediction using
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22
INVITED SPEAKERS
23
Poultry Production in India: An Overview
A. Jalaludeen1,2 and R. Richard Churchil3
1Former Director of Academics and Research Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala
2President of the Indian Poultry Science Association 3Professor of the Department of Poultry Science, Madras Veterinary
College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu State, India
Introduction
Livestock has been an integral component of Indian Agriculture
which is growing at an appreciable and sustainable rate. It is ahead
among all sub-sectors of agriculture. The livestock sector contributed 4
% to the total Gross Value Added (GVA) and 26.7% to the agricultural
GVA in 2014-15. During the decade of 2004-05 to 2014-15, crop,
livestock and fisheries have registered the growth of 2.93, 6.11 and
5.13% per annum, respectively. The livestock sector never experienced
a negative growth during the last three decades.
Poultry is one of the fastest growing sectors of Indian Agriculture.
In poultry sector, India is leading in the world with 10% growth followed
by Brazil (7%), USA (2%) and China (2.1%) [1]. It is now world’s third
largest egg producer (7% of the world) and fifth largest producer of
broilers (5% of the world). This industry has grown largely due to the
initiative of poultry enterprise, large number of indigenous poultry
genetic resources and substantiate support from poultry breeding,
poultry nutrition, poultry health and poultry processing sectors. A
significant feature of India’s poultry industry has been its transformation
from a meager backyard activity into a major commercial activity in about
five decades. This transformation has involved sizeable investments in
breeding, hatching, rearing and processing. Farmers in India have
moved from rearing non-descript birds to high yielding hybrids. Today,
poultry sector provides employment to approximately 4.5 million people
directly or indirectly.
24
Poultry sector in India is valued at about Rs.80,000 crore and
broadly divided into two sub-sectors – one with a highly organized
commercial sector with about 80% of the total market share (Rs.64,000
crore) and the other being unorganized with about 20% of the total
market share of Rs.16,000 crore [2]. As per the 19th Livestock Census
[3], total poultry population in India is 729 million (30% layers at around
215 million and 40% broilers at around 480 million). The needs of the
organized and unorganized sectors are entirely different. The
commercial poultry sector is flourishing in certain pockets, where
amenable environment exists along with backward and forward
linkages, while the unorganized sector is much dispersed and micro -
fragmented.
Poultry Segments in India
Poultry production in India has three segments.
1. Layer Production
2. Broiler Production
3. Backyard/ Family Poultry Production
Layer Production (Egg Production):
Egg production in India showed an impressive growth during the
past five decades. In 1960-61, total egg production was 2.9 billion, in
1980-81 it was 10 billion eggs, in 2000-01 it was 39.1 billion eggs and in
2017-18 total egg production was 95.2 billion (Figure 1).
At present, the production of eggs amounts to about 24 crore
eggs in every day of the year. If 60 per cent of India’s population eats an
egg every day, the production will need to be increased three-fold.
Nationally, around 19 per cent of the egg production is from
backyard/family poultry enterprises, in which 64 per cent are produced
exclusively by indigenous fowls.
25
Figure.1: Egg Production in India during 2000-01 to 2017-18 (billion)
Source: Report on Policies & Action Plan for a Secure and Sustainable
Agriculture [1].
The organized and commercial sector contributes about 81% of
the total eggs produced. Contribution from ducks is around 7% of the
total eggs produced. Andhra Pradesh is the leading state in egg
production with 17.78 billion eggs, followed by Tamil Nadu (17.42
billion), Telengana (12.67 billion), West Bengal (7.64 billion),
Maharashtra (5.7 billion), Haryana (5.59 billion) and Karnataka (5.56
billion). The difference is mainly due to large number of organized
poultry farms and good market chains in high egg producing states.
The small layer units are becoming unviable. Large units with
million birds and 100,000 birds in one house are coming up. Large units
can go for bulk purchases, seasonal purchases at harvest and even go
for import of feed ingredients. By adopting these measures, the
production costs can be reduced considerably. Mechanisation in feed
production, feeding the birds and egg handling is only possible with large
units. Long distance supplies, exports and further processing can also
be planned with mass production of eggs. Moreover, larger units can
adopt better technology like least cost feed formulations and bio-security
protocols to prevent diseases.
Some of the State Governments promote egg consumption by
including it in the mid-day meal schemes in Government schools. Large
poultry houses with mechanization require huge investments. Social
26
issues around the large farm units like manure handling, labour
availability and environmental pollution are putting a limit on expansions.
Increasing price of feed is a limiting factor in poultry production. The egg
prices also increase but at a low pace. The gap is being met with
efficiency in production. India has developed its own systems of housing
and management, which are cost effective. The shell eggs are cheapest
in India, though input costs is not the lowest.
Broiler Production
Broiler chicken was not known in India till 1975. Spent hens and
male birds were utilized to cater the needs of chicken meat. Parents
and Grandparents of the broiler hybrids were imported in India and
started breeding operations in 1980’s. Tremendous Research and
Development work has gone in broiler production in the fields of
genetics, nutrition, breeder management, hatchery management,
housing and disease management. Feed (65%) and chicks (25%)
account for 90% of the broiler inputs and the consolidation started in
production. There is a wide gap between the economics of the smaller
units purchasing feed and chicks and the ones using their own feed and
chicks. Big companies with larger investments came in and the smaller
units compromised on growing the broilers for the company, restricting
themselves to the 10% of the production cost. This mode of operation in
the form of “Contract Farming” is an excellent development that took
place in India.
Poultry Contracting – Farming companies are commonly called
Integrators. Contract Broiler Farming is a process of out sourced broiler
farming [4]. There are two parties involved in it. The first party is an
Integrated Poultry Company – considered as Primary operator in the
business. They invest on chicks, feed, vaccines and medicines. They
provide technical support and supervision. They also provide Standard
Operating System. Marketing of broiler birds are done by them. They are
exposed to market risk. They are also exposed to profit and Loss. They
pay growing charges on per kilogram basis based on second party’s
performance.
The second party in contract broiler farming is basically a farmer.
He should have land area and invests on broiler sheds, drinkers,
27
brooder, litter material, electricity, water facility and invests on man
power. Performance parameters such as body weight, livability, Feed
Conversion Ratio (FCR) etc are standardized in a predefined agreement
and accordingly broiler poultry batches are grown by first party in second
party’s premises against a fixed service charge.
The genetic improvement by selective breeding is giving
consistent improvement in broiler growth and feed efficiency that is 0.75
days reduction and 75 g less feed per kilogram chicken every year. The
large feed mills adopting feed production technology is making safe and
efficient feeds at the best prices possible. The All-in-All-out system
rearing is giving excellent results. A broiler chicken with 2.0 kg body
weight produced on 36 days with 1.5 kg feed per kg chicken with less
than 3% mortality are being achieved on low-cost open houses reared
by ordinary farmers. Some companies are in for further processing and
value addition to reach the consumers.
Meat production in India showed a good growth rate during the
last decade. According to the Department of Animal Husbandry,
Dairying and Fisheries (DAH D &F), the total meat production was only
1.9 million tonnes during 2001-02, which increased to 7.7 million tonnes
during 2017-18 (Figure 2).
Figure.2: Meat Production in India during 2001-02 to 2017-18
Source: Report on Policies and Action Plan for a Secure and Sustainable
Agriculture [1].
28
Poultry contributed 3.26 million tonnes, followed by bovine meat
(1.94 MT), chevon (0.94 MT) and mutton (0.49 MT). The availability of
meat in India is only about 2.96 kg/per person/year against the Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommendation of 11.0
kg/person/year. It is apparent that there exists a huge gap between the
demand and availability of meat. This necessitates more production of
meat in the country.
Backyard/Family Poultry Production
India has 60% rural population depending on agriculture. Poultry
has been there in the backyards of most of the houses since ages,
forming a part of nutrition and family income. At one time 30% of total
eggs produced in India were from backyards. The birds available there
were never improved and were inefficient in both eggs and meat
production.
Union Government of India, State Governments, Veterinary and
Agricultural Universities and Non- governmental/ voluntary
organizations are encouraging rural poultry production in a significant
way. Many Integrated Rural Poultry Production models were
successfully implemented in various Indian States [5]. Improved
varieties of ‘Low technology input birds’ are bred for this purpose, which
are genetically more efficient in production compared to ‘Native
Chicken’. The low technology input birds are mostly dual purpose. The
birds grow faster than native chicken reaching 1.5 kg weight in 45 - 60
days but can withstand variable feed qualities and also supplement
themselves by scavenging. The female birds lay an average of 160 eggs
per year against the native birds, which are broody and do not lay more
than 60 eggs per year [6].
‘Mother Units’ are being encouraged to take care of the brooding
and vaccination in the early part of growing (first four weeks) before they
are distributed. This ensures disease security. ‘Cluster farming’ in rural
areas is possible with these chicken for enhancing the meat production
in the lines of broiler farming. A group of 8 to 10 farmers or educated
youth can form a cluster and grow the birds in groups of 500 to 1000
birds in low-cost houses as done in broilers. The birds are grown in ‘All
in – All out’ basis and the producer works by himself. The group may be
29
trained to produce ‘organic chicken’ by making their own low-cost feeds
without chemicals and antibiotics. The cluster can market the birds in
local village mandis or supply them to supermarkets with a brand name.
The slow growing multi-colored chicken with tougher meat fetch better
price compared to broilers whose meat is becoming tender every year.
This area is developing as a ‘niche market’ with better returns.
‘Family laying units’ with no specific investment on large houses,
bank finance and labour on the lines of milk production are being
attempted in many states to augment the egg production. Mother units
grow the pullets up to 15 weeks and complete all the vaccinations before
supply to the beneficiaries. Twenty five to 500 birds can be kept in the
abandoned cattle shed or any other unused shed with cages installed
with nipple drinking system. The unit requires less water and the poultry
manure can be used for agriculture lands. Once established, feed
manufacturing companies will supply the layer feed like the cattle feed.
Eggs are less perishable than milk and hence need not be
rushed to the market. Eggs can be supplied to village schools for midday
meal schemes and hospitals without involving transportation. Brown
colour, sturdy layer type birds, laying 300 eggs and more are being
considered for ‘Family Laying Units’.
Role of Public Sector Institutions in Poultry Development
The major public sector institutions that are contributing to the
poultry developments in India are:
1. Poultry Science Departments in Veterinary Colleges
Over the time (1962 – 1985), Poultry Science departments were
established in veterinary colleges at State Agricultural Universities
(SAUs) and State Veterinary Universities (SVUs) to offer postgraduate
and doctoral programmes in poultry science. These poultry science
education departments and research institutes have played an important
role in the transformation and development of India’s poultry sector [7].
2. Central Avian Research Institute
In 1927, on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on
Agriculture, a Poultry Research Section was established in 1939 at the
Imperial (now Indian) Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar,
30
which became a full-fledged Poultry Research Division in 1952. Later,
this division was made as Central Avian Research Institute (CARI) by
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in the year 1979. This is
the pioneering national institute in poultry research. This institute has
developed many hybrid varieties of chicken and other poultry for the use
of farmers [8].
3. Central Poultry Development Organizations (CPDO)
During first five-year plan (1951-56), budget allocation was made
to start five Regional Breeding Farms to acclimatize genetically superior
stock imported from USA under the Technical Cooperation Mission. The
Regional Poultry Farms became operational under Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of India during 1959 - 60 with an objective of
acclimatizing and multiplying the exotic strains of White Leghorn
chicken. Later these farms were upgraded as Central Poultry
Development Organizations (CPDO). The Union Ministry of Agriculture
has four Central Poultry Development Organizations for Southern
(Bengaluru), Eastern (Bhubaneswar), Northern (Chandigarh) and
Western (Mumbai) regions and one Central Poultry Performance
Testing Centre at Gurgoan. The major activities of CPDOs are 1. Supply
of improved chicken and other poultry germplasm, 2. Quality testing of
livestock feeds, 3. Professional training of technical persons and 4.
Skilled training for framers and entrepreneurs [9].
4. Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR)
DPR was set up as a coordinating unit of All India Coordinated
Research Project (AICRP) on Poultry in 1970 at Izatnagar, Uttar
Pradesh. Subsequently the unit was elevated as a full-fledged Project
Directorate on Poultry (PDP) during 1988 and shifted to Hyderabad. The
objectives of the Directorate are to coordinate research at AICRP
centers located across the country and conduct research on the
development and improvement of chicken lines for commercial and rural
poultry production. Project Directorate on Poultry (PDP) has recently
been renamed as Directorate of Poultry Research. Directorate of Poultry
Research (DPR) coordinates and monitors the network project of All
India Coordinated Project (AICRP) on Poultry Breeding, being
implemented in different Agricultural/ Veterinary Universities and ICAR
31
institutes [10]. The primary objective of the project is to develop high
yielding stocks of broilers and layers for commercial farming and thereby
make the country self-reliant apart from developing location specific
hybrids for small holder farming system.
Poultry Inputs Situation
Poultry production is basically conversion of vegetable protein
into more balanced animal protein. Poultry feed requirement of India is
about 32 million metric tonne per year. The grain requirement is 65%,
that is, 20 MMT. India produces 24 MMT of maize/corn alone. The
industry drifted from only maize to rice polish and other grains based on
availability and price. The soya bean meal production has also been
growing steadily in India.The industry shifted from fish meal to soya bean
meal. With the production of more than 11 MMT of soya bean seed per
year the livestock industry can get its required 7 MMT of de-oiled soya
within the country. Due to exports, Minimum Support Price (MSP) to
farmers on seed and hoarding, the prices of soya has been high for
poultry. Government of India (GOI) is occasionally allowing soya imports
without import duty. Other cakes like sunflower, mustard and guar are
also used. Five MMT of cotton seed cake which goes for cattle feed also
is being processed to suit broilers. Amino acids and vitamins are largely
imported either as raw materials or as feed additives. Major and trace
minerals are available in India.
The international market for vaccines is competitive. Vaccine
production companies in India are doing well due to occasional bans on
import and due to need of autogenous vaccine. Some of the vaccines
are also exported.
Poultry Exports and Imports
The final food products viz., egg and chicken are not exported in
huge quantities. There is a huge gap in production and need within the
country. The food markets in affluent countries are quality and price
sensitive. Value of export and import of livestock and livestock products
in 2017-18 is given in Table.1, which showed exports of poultry products
are minimal.
32
Table 1: Value of Export and Import of Livestock and Livestock
Products in 2017-18 (Rupees in Crores)
The threat of import of chicken legs from USA is looming large
on Indian Poultry industry. USA is persuing the export of chicken legs by
using WTO. They are trying to encash on the price gap between the
breast meat and leg meat in USA. They get paid four times higher price
for 30% of the breast meat.
Poultry Products Marketing
The Broiler Co-ordination Committee (BCC) at Palladam,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu sets the broiler price for different regions and
the price varies daily. The BCC rate is considered the benchmark rate
for broiler prices in India. For table eggs National Egg Co-ordination
Committee (NECC) fixes and publishes daily prices for each of the major
production and consumption centre’s.
Key to Success of Indian Poultry
The most significant achievement of Indian Poultry is the
attainment of self- sufficiency in seed stocks (GP) for poultry production
in the country. India is no longer dependent on perpetual importation of
Grandparents.
In seventies and eighties there were a number of companies
engaged in pure line breeding around the world. At present there are
only 3 breeding companies in the world supplying over 500 million broiler
breeders, producing 71 billion broilers annually. Similarly, in layer
breeding also there are only 4 companies supplying 40 million – layer
parents producing 4 billion layers worldwide [11] (Table 2).
33
Table 2: Pure line Breeding Companies
Broilers Layers
Cobb-Vantress Inc. (USA, Netherland and France) EW group (Germany, Scotland, France & USA) Venco (VH) (India)
Hendrix Genetics (Netherland) EW group (Germany & USA) VRB (VH) (India) Grimaud group (France)
Rest of the pure line breeders could not survive due to their
inability to foresee upcoming changes in the market requirements and
mounting cost of R & D programme which could not be sustained with
the sales.
The success of the breeding programme being undertaken by
Venco and VRB for broilers and layers has been due to certain distinct
features. Most of the Pure Line Poultry Breeding Companies are based
in North America and Europe. These companies are located in
temperate regions while their products are marketed all over the world,
in varied conditions of climate, husbandry, feed and feeding practices.
They supply parents and grandparents all over the world, but they keep,
evaluate, select and breed their pure line stocks in temperate climate
with optimally controlled environment facilities. However, the climate
conditions, husbandry practices, feed ingredients, feeding practices and
market requirements of the developing countries like India are different
than those in North America and Europe.
The phenotypic expression of a trait depends upon the genes
that an individual inherits from its parents, the environment in which it
has to perform and the interaction between genotype and environment
(P = G+E+GE). The breeding goals for various traits were determined
based on Indian market requirements by Venco and VRB. Due to well
balanced breeding program undertaken by VH group over the last 35
years, there has been tremendous improvement in the performance of
the layer (BV 300) and broiler (Vencobb). (Table 3).
34
Table 3. Genetic improvement in productivity of BV 300 and
Vencobb over last 35 years [11].
BV 300 VENCOBB
Traits 1981 2016 Traits 1981 2016
Age at 90% production (wk)
- 22 Age to reach 2.0 kg body weight in days
55 32
No. of weeks above 90%
0 43 Feed conversion (3000 K.Cal/kg feed)
2.5 1.5
Av. hen day production(%)
73 91 Mortality (%) 5.0 3.0
Hen housed production to 72 wks
270 340 Eviscerated yield (%)
61 71
Mortality % (0-72 wks)
8 6 No. of chicks per broiler breeder to 68 wks
130 168
Av. Egg Weight (g) 56 57.5
Feed per egg(g) 2450 K Cal/kg
145 120
Shell strength (lbs/sq.inch)
8 10
Superior performance of the indigenously bred strain of VH
group is further proved from the fact that almost 78% share of 4.20 billion
broiler market of India is enjoyed by Vencobb in spite of the fact that
major imported GP based breeds like Hubbard (USA), Ross (UK) and
Arbor Acre (USA) are available in the country. Similarly, the layer strain
BV 300 bred by VRB has 85% share of the 220 million Indian layer
market where some major international GP based brands like Hyline
(USA), Bovans (Holland) and Lohman (Germany) are available.
SWOT Analysis Poultry Sector- both for eggs and poultry [2]
Strengths
i. Low cost protein in the country
ii. Good growth rate- CAGR is around 5% for eggs and 7% for poultry;
The CAGR of GVA for last 5 years for egg and poultry is nearly 13%
35
and 15% respectively. Rising economy and growing emphasis on
poultry products.
iii. Livestock contributes nearly 12% to rural household monthly
Income; Poultry alone can contribute nearly half of the same coping
up with captive production of soybean and maize.
iv. Consolidation of integrated operations would strengthen poultry
supply chain
Weakness
i. Lack of infrastructure facilities for value addition such as poultry
processing, warehousing, cold storage and refrigerated vehicles
ii. High maize and soya price fluctuation leading to availability issues
of poultry feed at reasonable prices
iii. Small farms, losing out on economies of scale and biosecurity
iv. Lack or undefined standards leading to impending cheaper imports
Opportunities
i. 95% Raw/ Wet market – can transform
ii. Work on developing alternate breeds and low input technology birds
for upgraded family poultry
iii. Untapped potential for the export and value added chicken
products.
Threats
i. Avian influenza and other emerging/re-emerging diseases
ii. Calamity
Challenges
In spite of rapid growth, the poultry industry in India suffered
many setbacks in recent times due to rising cost of feed, emergence of
new or re-emerging of existing diseases, fluctuating market price of egg
and broilers etc. [12].
1. A major constraint affecting the growth of the poultry industry
in India is the lack of basic infrastructure such as storage and
transportation, including cold chain. As a result there are
36
wide price fluctuations in the prices of poultry products, ie
eggs and broilers.
2. An inefficient marketing system – The presence of so many
market intermediaries harms both the producer and the
consumer. Although broiler poultry in terms of production
performance has reached a significant height in India, there
has not been much innovation happened in the area of broiler
chicken marketing. Ninety three per cent of broiler chicken
produced in India still gets sold in wet markets through
traders and only seven per cent of produced chicken is
marketed through dry market by value addition and further
processing.
3. The price and availability of feed resources - Corn/ maize and
soya plays a major role in broiler production as it constitutes
major portion of broiler feed. As the broiler industry is growing
at the rate of 8-10% per annum, the demand for corn and
soya is likely to increase. In view of the large gap between
the demand and availability of feedstuffs for poultry
production, a holistic approach is needed. Some of the
approaches in these respects include identification and
utilization of newer feed resources, utilization of structural
carbohydrate and phytate phosphorous, overcoming
limitations of Agro-industrial byproducts and unconventional
feed stuff etc.
4. Emerging and re-emerging diseases of poultry- Mutations in
viral genomes leading to new variants in viruses and
developing resistance to vaccines and antibiotics. Avian
Influenza outbreaks reported in different states of India in the
last few years is a very good example.
5. Welfare concerns. Welfare of poultry has become an
important issue since EU banned cage rearing of birds.
Animal welfare activists argue that rearing of high producing
and fast growing birds in intensive system of rearing resulted
in welfare and health issues. Recently, Ministry of Agriculture
37
and Farmers Welfare under the Department of AH and
Dairying, drafted a notification specifying space allowance for
conventional colony cages of egg laying hens for commercial
egg production 2019. The Ministry will issue orders after
consultation with the stake holders.
6. Impact of Climate change on poultry. Climate change is a
shift in the average weather conditions in a given area over
a period of time. The change is persistent in the mean of
climate parameters viz, temperature, rainfall, humidity and
soil moisture [13]. Increased production of Green House
Gases, viz., Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous
Oxide (N2O), and others are responsible for the sudden
change in climate variables. Climate change in many parts of
the world adversely affects socio-economic sectors which
include water resources, agriculture, forestry, fisheries,
animal husbandry and poultry. Farmers are facing a lot of
challenges due to climate variation. Livestock production
accounts for 18% of global anthropogenic Green House
Gases (GHG) emissions of which cattle contribute major
share, while poultry contributes only 8% to the livestock
emissions [14]. Poultry are more vulnerable to climate
change because birds can only tolerate narrow temperature
ranges.
In spite of the challenges mentioned above, the Indian Poultry
Sector is poised for greater heights in the coming years.
Conclusion
The Indian poultry sector has undergone a dynamic change from
a mere backyard rearing activity to a commercial farming in a short span
of time. Growth witnessed in egg and poultry meat production ensures
their availability and affordability. Poultry production in India has three
segments viz., layer production, broiler production and backyard /family
poultry production. The most significant achievement of Indian Poultry is
attainment of self sufficiency in seed stock (GP) for poultry production.
With increasing demand for egg and meat the poultry production in India
38
foresees further expansion and industrialization. Small scale poultry
farming in backyard of rural households will enhance the nutritional and
economic status of rural people. Even though there are certain
challenges in poultry production in India with the advent of knowledge
and R & D in different fields of poultry, the sector will continue to grow in
the near future.
References
[1] Anonymous, 2019. Report on Policies and Action Plan for a
Secure and Sustainable Agriculture. Submitted to The Principal
Scientist Advisor to the GOI.
[2] DADF 2017. National Action Plan for Egg and Poultry -2022 For
Doubling Farmers Income by 2022. Published by the Dept. of
Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Ministry of
Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, GOI.
[3] Livestock Census, 2012. All India Report published by Ministry of
Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries,
Govt. of India.
[4] Goswami, A. 2016. Contract Farming of Broiler – Economics and
Marketing. Lead paper presented in the National Symposium
on Rural Poultry for Livelihood, Nutritional and Economic
Security and XXXIII Annual Conference of Indian Poultry
Science Association, Gowahati, Assam, India.
[5] Jalaludeen, A., Stella Cyriac and Binoj Chacko. 2018.
Transforming rural poultry production into sustainable
economic model. Keynote paper presented in the XXXV Annual
Conference of Indian Poultry Science Association and National
Symposium at CIARI, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
[6] Kotaiah, T. 2016. Poultry Production in India – The current
Scenario. Fbnews.com
[7] Sasidhar, P.V.K, and Suvedi, M. 2015. Integrated Contract Broiler
Farming: An Evaluation Case Study in India. Modernizing
39
Extension and Advisory Services, www.meas.illinois.edu
(Accessed on 23-09-2019).
[8] CARI, 2019, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Central
Avian Research Institute Website: https://icar.org.in/cari/
(Accessed on 23-09-2019).
[9] CPDOTI, 2018, Central Poultry Development Organization &
Training Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India – 560088.
www.cpdoti.org (Accessed on 18-11-2018).
[10] DPR, 2019, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Directorate
of Poultry Research, http://www.pdonpoultry.org/pdpnew/
(Accessed on: 23-09-2019).
[11] Jain, G. L. 2017. Breeding strategies for Broiler and Layers under
shifting paradigms. Lead paper presented in the XXXIV Annual
Conference of Indian Poultry Science Association and National
Symposium at Bangalore, India.
[12] Chatterjee, R.N. and Rajkumar, U. 2015. An Overview of Poultry
Production in India. Indian J.Anim. Health. 54(2): 89-108.
[13] Alade, O. A. and Ademola, A. O. 2013. Perceived effect of climate
variation on poultry production in Oke Ogun area of Oyp State.
J.Agri.Sci.5(10) doi:10.5539/jos.v5n9p176.
[14] Steinfeld, H, Gerber, P, Wassenaar, T, Castel, V and Rosales, M.
2006, Livestock Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and
Options, Rome: FAO.
40
Transcriptomic profiling in identifying candidate genes and
biological pathways for a complex trait
S.M. Salleh* and H. Yaakub
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] A transcriptomics profiling is a current trend in research to identify
candidate genes and understanding of the biological function, which can
be used for biomarkers development of a complex trait. The
transcriptomics is a high-throughput biological assay for measuring the
abundance of RNA data (mRNAs, non-coding RNAs and small RNAs).
This approach of analysis would enable the identification of candidate
genes (differentially expressed and co-expressed genes) and biological
pathways that important for certain attributes. Transcriptomic analyses
reveal the level of expression of genes in a specific cell or tissue at a
specific time, and in a specific state. It has been widely used to study
RNA expressions in any relevant tissue. Often, researchers have
compared the expression of mRNA or total RNA between two or more
groups of animal or correspondent samples. In recent years, several
researchers have been using this approach in identifying candidate
genes and biological pathways for feed efficiency, reproductive
performance and breeding traits. The candidate genes identified from
transcriptomics analyses could contribute to the development of
biomarkers for a complex trait and to improving augmented genomic
selection procedures that make use of functional information. Hence,
the understanding and information from the transcriptomics would be
useful in the animal breeding program.
Keywords: Transcriptomics, candidate genes, biological pathways,
biomarkers
41
Current progress in monogastric research in Asia
Liang Chou Hsia*
National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC
The present paper will concentrate on the current progress in
poultry research work, due to more and more people put emphasis on
cleaning and more efficient animal production. The reduction of nitrogen
excretion becomes a very important topic. The reduction of nitrogen
excretion is not only related to reduction of N pollution problems, but also
related to the improvement of efficiency in poultry production. The ideal
protein subject has been built up for long time. However, in recent years,
people found there are several new ideas developed in this area. Firstly,
the ideal protein should not only concentrate on essential amino acids,
but also should consider the non-essential amino acids. Secondly, the
interaction of amino acids with efficiency of protein utilization. Thirdly,
the interaction between amino acids and other nutrients or other factors
(e.g. environmental temperature, energy, etc.).
How to replace antibiotic in poultry diets becomes a very hot
topic in the area now. The present new way to replace antibiotic in
poultry will include short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids,
essential oils, and phytogentic herbs.
How to build a poultry house which can help poultry production
more efficiently, more considerably about animal welfare and also can
reduce antimicrobial residues in poultry meat and eggs. The basic
research does not need to build a poultry house but build an enriched
environment, then the animals can have less stress and lower
antimicrobial drugs used in poultry diets.
Finally, there are more and more people to study the reduction
of poultry house waste. These studies not only can help reduce pollution
problems, but also can improve the efficiency on poultry production
system and sustainable agricultural production.
42
The Role of Artificial Reproductive Techniques in Genetic
Improvement Program for Small Ruminant in The Philippines
Jonathan Nayga*
Director of Cagayan Valley Ruminants Research Center Isabela State University Echague Isabela
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
43
Some Factors Affecting the Semen Production Continuity of Elite
Bulls: Reviewing Data at Singosari National Artificial Insemination
Center (SNAIC), Indonesia
Suyadi Suyadi1*, Herwijanti E2, Septian WA1, Furqon A1, Nugroho CD1, Putri RF1, Novianti I1
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2National Artificial Insemination Center, Singosari, East Java, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center (SNAIC), East Java is
one of the most important Government Institution which produces frozen
semen from elite bulls and distributes it to overall Indonesia regions of
the most part and to overseas of the other small part. The local elite bulls
at SNAIC were originated and selected from the population based on
the phenotypic characteristics and pedigrees. While the exotic breed
was originated from the certified elite bulls from company in overseas.
This paper was aimed to review the consistency of semen production of
elite bulls over the years from 2012 to 2018. The body weight increased
significantly from 1 to 5 years old and still grown slightly until 10 years
old. The semen production was controlled by the age of bulls. The
semen volume was quite low from the age of 2 – 4 years old, increased
from 5 – 8 years old, and reached maximum volume by 9 years old and
forward. The individual motility of sperm was low in first phase of semen
collection by age of 2 years and then reached stable motility from the
age of 3 years old and forward. While the sperm concentration was
stable normal and not affected the age of bulls, ranged from 1004 ± 289
to 1124 ± 306 (x106) sperm / ml. When the body weight was grouped as
low, medium and high, the semen volume, sperm motility and sperm
concentration per ml were significantly increased in all parameters. The
semen could be collected continuously by months over year although
the ejaculate volume and sperm motility were significant different three
monthly might be due to the different climate and quality of consumed
44
feed. The higher semen production was during the period of October –
December and the lowest was from January to March. The semen
production during the periods of April – June was similar to those from
July – September. In conclusion, by excluding the feed and feeding
factors, the semen production of elite bulls at Singosari National
Insemination Center (SNAIC) were affected by age of bulls, body weight
and months of semen collection.
Keywords: Elite bulls, body weight, age, semen production
45
Is the Reproductive Performance of Goats That Are Kept
Intensively Different from Those Maintained by Small Farmer? A
Review
Suyadi Suyadi, Susilorini TE, Septian WA, Furqon A, Nugroho CA, Putri RF
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya Jl. Veteran, Malang,
Indonesia 65145
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Reproduction in the most important factor determining the effectivity of
the goat farming trough the success of increasing number of animals in
the herd or population. Reproduction performance is the phenotypic trait
and those are more influenced by management factor than by genetic
factor. However, the Indonesian local goat was reported having high
adaptability and tolerance to the tropical climate with high environmental
daily temperature and humidity, low quality feed and some parasites.
This paper reviewed the reproduction performances of local goats under
intensive management in the company and when those are kept by
small holder farmers. The common formula to analyse the individual
reproduction performance of goat is Yij = µ + Ai + Bj + , where µ : total
mean, Ai : effect of sex, Bj : litter size effect, and : random effect.
However, there are other factors influencing the reproductive
performances such as breeds, management system, feed and feeding
system, parity of does, micro-environment condition, altitude of area,
temperature as well es relative humidity of the stall. The data analysis
showed that the reproductive parameters on goats managed intensively
were higher than those managed by small farmers (Service per
Conception, litter size, pre-weaning mortality, and birth weight). The
weaning weight were similar in both groups, while Days Open and
Kidding Interval were significant lower in intensive farming than those
maintained by small farmers as well as extensive farming. In conclusion,
the reproduction performances were controlled by management system,
good feeding and management improved service per conception, litter
46
size, birth weight, and reduced pre-weaning mortality, while on the other
hands, the extensive farming increased the performances of days open
dan kidding interval time.
Keywords: Intensive farming, small farmer, reproductive performance,
goats
47
Response of Broilers to Dietary Incorporation of Different
Sorghum Varieties Fortified with Phytase
Elsmoaal O. Eltayib1* and Mutaz S. B. Mahmoud2
1Falconer Agricultural and Animal Production Company, North Khartoum, Sudan
2Faculty of Animal Production, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Dietary inclusion of local varieties of sorghum in poultry nutrition can
greatly lower the cost of production in Sudan. The objective of the study
was to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of different sorghum
varieties fortified with phytase enzyme supplementation on broiler
performance. A (2 x 5) factorial arrangement was used in a completely
randomized design to study the effect of dietary incorporation of different
levels sorghum variety Mogod (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) replacing the
variety Feterita fortified with two levels of phytase supplementation (0
and 0.05%) on broiler performance. A total of 10 treatments were
employed and each treatment was replicated three times with ten birds
each. Weight gain (WG), Feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion
ratio (FCR) were recorded. Carcass weights and tibial phosphorus
content were measured. Blood samples were collected for blood
parameters. The results showed that, FC was not affected by dietary
inclusion of Mogod and phytase supplementation. There were significant
(p≤0.01) effects of Mogod and phytase on weight gain. The greatest
weight gain values were recorded with birds fed on diets contained
100% Feterita (p≤0.01). Supplementation of phytase improved WG and
FCR (p≤0.01). The largest carcass weights were reported with birds fed
on diets containing 50 and 100% Mogod (p≤0.05). Carcass weight
values were increased with phytase supplementation. Tibial phosphorus
content was improved by phytase supplementation. Total blood protein,
cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus were not affected by phytase
treatment. The study concluded that Mogod variety could be used as
48
alternative energy source in broiler diets replacing Feterita variety.
Moreover, phytase supplementation improved the broiler performance.
Keywords: Sorghum varieties, broiler, performance, phytase
49
Sea Cucumber Viscera Hydrolysate as a Potential Animal Feed
Supplement
A S Babji1*, S J Lim1, D Nur ‘Aliah1, M Nurul Nadia1, C H Chan2 and C C Tey3
1Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Agridon Technologies Sdn Bhd, Sg Buloh, 47000, Selangor 3Harmony Marine Products Sdn. Bhd., Pasir Gudang 81700, Johor
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Among the seafood items, Sea Cucumbers are one of those popular
seafood products in the Chinese community, fetching with reasonable
high pricing. A major issue with Sea Cucumber is the waste generated
up to 30-40% waste. Sea Cucumber internal Organs (SCiO) and washed
water, containing soluble components are usually discarded as waste in
the industry, has considerable amount of nutritional components. A
preliminary study by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) research
team recently discovered that, on dry weight basis, the SCiO contains
50.27% and 22.16% of protein and fat contents respectively. Amino
Acids Profile (AAP), Fatty Acids Profile (FAP), soluble minerals and
peptides of the various components obtained from the processing steps,
i.e., hydrolysis, filtration, membrane separation, concentration and
finally spray drying and/or freeze drying of the SCiO were determined.
Overall, SCiO contains all the 9 essential amino acids, which
corresponds to 36.65 ± 0.06 % of the total amino acids. Aside from that,
the SCiO oil contains 39.76 ± 0.29 % saturated fatty acids, 26.86 ± 0.01
% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 33.39 ± 0.28 % polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Interestingly, the Omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
(C20:5n3), an essential fatty acid, was found to be the major fatty acid
of SCiO hydrolysates, amounting to 27.60 ± 0.14 % of total oil content.
This corresponds to approximately 6.5-7.2% of the SCiO hydrolysates
being EPA, which is high and valuable, especially coming from a waste
50
material. Thus, there is a huge potential to recover these functional
components, together with the other potential functional properties, from
the SCiO hydrolysate that may contribute as animal nutritional feed
supplement.
Keywords: -
51
Effect of Several AGP Replacers on Digestibilities of Dry Matter,
Crude Protein and Amino Acid in Mojosari Duck
E. Widodo*, M.H. Natsir dan I.H. Djunaidi
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] An attempt was made to search effect of several AGP replacer on
digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and amino acid by using
Mojosari ducks. This research used 40 ducks, raised at individual cage
to facilitate 10 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted
of P0: basal feed ; P1: basal feed + antibiotic ; P2: basal feed + 1%
sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder ; P3: basal feed + 2% sardine oil +
0.5% tomato powder ; P4: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 1% tomato
powder ; P5: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder ; P6: basal
feed + 1% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder + 200 ppm clove oil ; P7:
basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 0.5% tomato powder + 200 ppm clove oil
; P8: basal feed + 1% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder + 400 ppm clove
oil ; P9: basal feed + 2% sardine oil + 1% tomato powder + 400 ppm
clove oil. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and the differences was tested
by DMRT. The results showed that feed consumption and digestibilities
of dry matter and crude protein were not significant, therefore,
digestibility of several amino acids were highly significant (P<0.01),
particularly for threonine, arginine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. It can be
concluded that substitution of soybean oil with sardine oil (2%)
supplemented with 1% tomato powder and 400 ppm clove oil showed
the best replacer of AGP.
Keywords: Soybean oil, sardine oil, tomato powder, clove oil and
digestibility
52
Effects of Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization on the Nutritive
Values of Two Elephant Grass Cultivars at Two Different
Harvesting Times
M.M. Fauzi, H. Soetanto*, Mashudi
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] A laboratory experiment was carried out to ascertain the effects of
adding nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizers on the nutritive values of
two elephant grass cultivars, that is Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan
(EGT) and Mott (EGM) at 45 and 60 days harvesting times. Three levels
of N fertilizer equivalent to,0, 500, and 1000 kg/Ha/year and two
combination of N + S fertilizers equivalent to 500 kg N+571 kg S;1000
kg N+1143 kg S/Ha/year, respectively were allotted into a nested
complete randomized design with three replicates each. Approximately
10 kg of soil was placed in each poly bag + one clump of grass and the
sward was allowed to grow for 90 days, trimmed and harvested at their
respective times. The results showed that the use of fertilizers
particularly nitrogen linearly increased the nutrition content of grass and
the dose of 1000 kg N+1143 kg S/Ha/year resulted in the highest CP
content regardless of the harvesting times. EGM may offer more
digestible nutrients than EGT due to superiority in the leaf: stem ratio
than EGM. In conclusion EGM can be recommended to replace EGT for
ruminant forage.
Keywords: Elephant grass cv Mott, cv. Taiwan, nitrogen and sulphur
fertilizers, nutritive value
53
Evaluation of Birth Weight Based on Year of Birth and Breeding
System of Madura Cattle in Madura Breeding Centre, Indonesia
V. M. A. Nurgiartiningsih1*, A. Furqon1, I. Rochadi2, A. Rochman2, A. Muslim2, M. Waqid2
1Department of Animal Breeding, University of Brawijaya, Malang,
Indonesia 2Technical Unit of Madura Cattle and Forage for Animal Feed,
Pamekasan, Madura Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Birth weight of calves is of critical importance in the beef breeding
program. This research was conducted to study the birth weight based
on year of birth and breeding system in local Madura cattle. Research
was conducted in Technical Unit for Animal Breeding and Veterinary in
Madura. Materials used were 137 Madura cattle, were born in 2014 to
2019. Birth Weight (BW), Chest Girth (CG), Body Length (BL) and
Wither Height (WH) were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed
using ANOVA one-way classification for analyzing the effect of year of
birth on birth weight and t test for analyzing effect of sex and breeding
system on birth weight. The results showed that the mean of BW, CG,
BL and WH were 16.252.37 kg, 58.234.9 cm, 50.597.68 cm,
60.75 4.92 cm for female and 17.082.4 kg, 59.124.04, 51.094.75,
63.78 4.07 kg for male, respectively. Birth weight of male was
significant higher than female (P=0.02) and wither height of male was
highly significant higher compared to female (P=0.0001). Breeding
system used were artificial insemination and natural mating, which
occupied 37.96% and 62.04%, respectively. The mean of BW, CG, BL
and WH resulted by artificial insemination tended to be lower than those
by natural mating, that were 17.122.34 kg and 17.222.53 kg;
58.884.54 cm and 59.444.45 cm; 50.987.26 cm and 51.475.60 cm,
63.624.98 and 64.034.33, respectively. Birth weight in 2019
(18.012.38 kg) was the highest compared to birth weight in 2014, 2015,
2016, 2017, 2018 (17.073.02 kg, 17.132.56 kg, 17.912.58 kg,
54
16.752.09 kg, 16.401.84 kg, respectively). Selection on birth weight in
Madura cattle still needed to increase survivability and enhance growth.
Better breeding management should be applied to improve performance
of Madura cattle.
Keywords: Genetic potency, Madura cattle, natural mating, artificial
insemination
55
Indonesia’s Broilers Business Facing with Oversupply Difficulties
B. A. Nugroho*
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Indonesian production of poultry meat has undergone significant
expansion and modernization over recent years and, while there have
been cyclical fluctuations, growth has been consistent throughout the
past three decades. Between 1993 and 2013, for example, the
Indonesian broiler industry was the sixth-fastest growing in the world.
Among the world's fastest-growing broiler producers in recent decades,
Indonesia’s broiler business may now need a more liberal policy
environment to maintain strong expansion. The objective of this article
is to identifie the Indonesia’s broilers business facing with oversupply
difficulties and its evolution. Methods of information and data analyzes
were descriptive, analytical or assessment based on evidence from the
existing condition of the Indonesia’s broilers business facing with
oversupply difficulties and its evolution. Recently Indonesia’s poultry
sector key data indicated that the number of broiler flock is about 3.50
billions, layer flocks is about 200 millions, and breeding flock is about
24.80 millions. Annual per capita chicken meat consumption is about
12.70 KG and egg consumption is about 80. Indonesia’s broiler meat
production in 2010 is about 1.25 million tons and increased in 2017 is
about 3.53 million tons (181.10 % growth during 7 years period). The
presence of big corporations has played an important role in allowing
Indonesia to achieve a growing level of technological modernization and
supply independence. It is estimated that 60% of poultry production
comes from industrialized farms (closed housing system), while 40%
remains in the hands of small and medium players (open housing
system). Indonesia’s poultry sector continues to demonstrate strong
growth, despite industry reports of oversupply. The Government of
Indonesia has taken some efforts to regulate the import of breeder stock
56
in order to slow growth and strengthen prices, although the results are
negligible. Ministry of Agriculture sets the number 60 million for per week
chicks. That is, in one production cycle, the Ministry determines the
broiler farmers to raising 60 million chicks in need 5-6 weeks to be ready
to cut. According to the survey conducted by Ministry of Agriculture that
based on monitoring of Market Information Service on June 25, 2019,
the average price per kg live bird (LB) in the National is IDR 20,216,
while the price is the average on Java Island is around IDR 11,327, and
LB prices in Central Java and East Java are only around IDR 8,845 and
IDR 10,736. The fall in the price of broilers meat in Java, due to not all
of meat produced is absorbed in traditional markets. This situation
occurs because the broiler farmers predicts there will be an increase in
demand after period of Eid al-Fitr celebration, it turned out that such
conditions did not occur so the product becomes abundant and finally
the price down. The other argument is the wet market characteritic of
chicken meat selling behavior, and LB are vulnerable to oversupply, and
there are unfair games by certain stakeholder which resulted in a large
price disparity between producers and consumers.
Keywords: Demand, consumption, production, market
57
The effect of bromelain from pineapple (Ananas comosus) on
increasing protein digestibility of milk replacer for lamb
L. Putriana, Z. Bachruddin*, C. Hanim, A. Kurniawati, L. M. Yusiati, O. Widayati
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3,
Kampus UGM, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research aimed to determine the addition of bromelain for
increasing the protein digestibility of milk replacer for lamb. Bromelain
extraction from pineapple (Ananas comosus) was precipitated by
ammonium sulfate with different concentrations which were 30%, 40%,
50%, 60%, and 70%; then those samples were dialyzed to obtain the
best of specific enzyme activities. Milk replacer formulated by mixing
skim powder and soybean meal. The research consisted of three
replications for each treatment. The treatments were P0 or milk replacer
without enzyme (control), P1 or milk replacer with 5% bromelain
addition, and P2 or milk replacer with 10% bromelain addition. Specific
enzyme activity from each precipitation, dry matter digestibility (DMD),
organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), and
crude fiber digestibility (CFD) analyzed by ANOVA according to one way
complete randomized design and continued by Duncan multiple range
test for significant differences due to treatments. The result showed that
bromelain from a 50% saturation level of ammonium sulfate had the best
of specific enzyme activity compared to other treatments. The addition
by 5% of bromelain enzyme increased DMD, OMD, and CPD (P<0.05).
In contrast, the addition of bromelain had no significant effect on CFD
compared to the control (P˃0.05). To conclude, the addition of purified
bromelain in terms of the milk replacer increased the nutrient digestibility
of milk replacer.
Keywords: Bromelain, precipitated, milk replacer, digestibility
58
Program Analysis of Rural Farmer School (SPR) to Improve
Farmer Resources
Siti Azizah1*, Sa’adia Meilani2, and Kuswati2
1Lecturer of Social-Economic, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
2Student of Social Economic, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
3Lecturer of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this research was to analyse the process of farmer
empowerment in Rural Farmer School (SPR) Mega Jaya, and to find the
impact of the program that might improve farmer resources in all related
aspect. Especially in sosial-culture, economic, and politics aspect.
Research was held in SPR Mega Jaya for three month on 1st March
until 1st June 2018. The material of this research was human instrument
which was the researcher itself. The method of this experiment was
qualitative and data collected using purposive sampling method (literacy
study, interview, and observation). The data analysis used inductive
qualitative method through data collection, data asessment, verification,
and conclusion. The result shows that the design of farmers
empowerment are pre evaluation, prototyping, implementation,
affirmation, and independency of the program. Pre evaluation is the step
to measure the strength of human resources, social, and physics which
effected the decision of empowerment strategy. Prototyping is the step
to establish basic concept of this program. Implementation was the step
to develop all the strategy into activity to increase farmer’s capacity and
capability. Affirmation is the step to implemented technical things.
Independency is the step that showed the last point where the farmers
could stand to face and to finish their own problems. The Rural Farmer
School (SPR) program had both positive and negative sidse. This
program effected mostly in social-culture. It affected some aspect such
59
as increasing mutual assistance, motivation, security, and kinship. But it
decreased working hours of the breeder. The program also affected
economic side such as increasing on the manpower, asset, and
infrastructure. There was a negative side appear on the financial aspect
caused the expenditures increase for cash, self-help development. At
the increasing farmer’s power in social-culture and economics as well
as an impact on the developing strength in leadership from political
aspect. Starting from leadership in farmers community to support them
of being independence.
Keywords: Farmer empowerment, rural farmer school, rural famers
60
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
61
Article ID 202
Carcass and Non Carcass Production of Kejobong Kids and
Goats Fed with Different Proportion of Forage and Concentrate
F. Idealistina, M. Arifin*, dan R. Adiwinarti
Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different proportion of
forage and concentrate in diet on carcass and non carcass productions
in Kejobong kids and goats. Sixteen heads of Kejobong goats were
grouped into two different ages (5 months old; n=8; initial Body Weight
(BW) 14.03 kg ±1.46 kg (CV 10.43%) and 9 months old; n=8; initial BW
22.32±1.99 kg (CV 8.92%)). Each group was fed by two different
proportions of forage and concentrate (T1 = 70:30% and T2 = 30:70%)
in 4% of BW in dry matter (DM) basis. All goats were slaughtered after
2 months of feeding, then carcass and non carcass were separated and
weighed. The data was analyzed by nested design using F-test. The
results of this study showed that carcass and non carcass weight of
kejobong goats fed with higher concentrate resulted in higher carcass
and non carcass productions (P<0.05). It can be concluded that forage
and concentrate proportions 30:70% resulted in higher carcass and non
carcass productions.
Keywords: Dairy cow, unfolded protein response, mammary epithelial
cell, transition period
62
Article ID 205
The Correlation Between Feces Particles and Dray Matter
Digestibility on Kejobong Goats
D.A. Rizky, A. Purnomoadi*, Sutaryo
Faculty of Animal Science and Agriculture University of Diponegoro, JL. Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. – Tembalang
Semarang, Indonesia 50275
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The aimed of this study to examine the correlation between the feces
particles and dry matter (DM) on the digestibility on Kejobong goats.
Twelve heads of Kejobong goats with average initial body weight (BW)
18.07 kg were used in this study. Goats were fed by forage and
concentrate in from of pellet. Feces and DM digestibility (%) were
obtained from total collection. The feces was weighed 10 g with 50 ml of
water for 24 hours, then sifted and soaked to pass 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm
of sieve. Afterwards in the oven to know the content of BK feces for 2
hours with a temperature of 135oC. The data was analyzed by
correlation analysis. The result of this study showed that feces particles
had a positive correlation (r = 0.58; P < 0.05) with DM digestibility. The
equation of regression can be used in the range of feces particles from
2% to 10%. Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that
feces particles affected on DM digestibility, so it can be used to estimate
DM digestibility.
Keywords: Kejobong goats, feces particles, dry matter digestibility
63
Article ID 207
The Physiological Responses and Recovery Time on Kejobong
Kids and Goats After Transportation
B. A. Wilasari, F. Nabila, E. Rianto* dan S. Mawati
Faculty of Animal Science and Agriculture University of Diponegoro, JL. Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. – Tembalang
Semarang, Indonesia 50275
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
This study was aimed to assess the physiological responses and
recovery time of Kejobong goats and kids after transportation. A total of
sixteen heads of Kejobong goats (n = 8 ; initial body weight (BW) 12.49
± 1.08 kg) and kids (n = 8 ; 18.21 ± 1.70 kg) are used in this study. The
goats were transported for 8 hours, then physiological responses (heart
rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature) were measured. Body
weight of goats was measured before and after transportation. The data
was analyzed by independent sample comparison in two groups of ages
(T1 = 4 m.o. kids and T2 = 8 m.o. goats). The results showed that heart
rate and respiratory rate in goats were higher than kids, while kids had
higher rectal temperature after 8 hours transportation. Heart rate and
respiratory rate in goats were fluctuative during transportation,
meanwhile the rectal temperature was decreased after transportation.
The physiological responses of kids were fluctuative before and after
transportation. The body weight of kids had longer time recovery than
goats after transportation. Based on the results, it can be concluded that
goats had shorter time of recovery than kids based on body weight and
physiological responses.
Keywords: Goats and kids, transportation, recovery time, physiological
responses
64
Article ID 231
Are Bali cattle more susceptible to gastrointestinal parasitic
infections compared to Hissar-crossed cattle?
M. Sriasih*, O. Yanuarianto, Dahlanuddin
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Mataram, Jalan Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125 Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Besides having several advantages, Bali cattle also have several
disadvantages including being sensitive to several types of diseases,
and being vulnerable to worm infestation when maintained extensively
and semi-intensively. The aim of this study was to determine the
resistance of Bali cattle to gastrointestinal parasitic (GI) infections when
compared to Hissar-crossed cattle kept semi-intensively on the island of
Sumbawa. A total of 150 fresh samples consisting of 67 of Bali fecal
samples and 87 of Hissar-crossed fecal samples were collected per
rectum and taken to the laboratory for examination of eggs or oocysts
using the modified McMaster method. The results show that the rate of
GI parasitic infection in Bali was lower when compared to Hissar-
crossed cattle. The prevalence rate in Bali cattle was 55.22% whilst in
Hissar-crossed cattle accounted for 67.47%. The highest rate of GI
parasitic infection was found in the age group 3-12 months in both Bali
and Hissar-crossed cattle. However, the number of samples indicated
positive having gastrointestinal parasites in Bali cattle was lower than
that of Hissar-crossed cattle (16.41% vs 26.5%). This study may indicate
that Bali cattle are more resistant to parasite infestation when compared
to Hissar-crossed cattle.
Keywords: Bali cattle, Hissar-crossed, gastrointestinal parasites,
McMaster modified, Sumbawa
65
Article ID 251
Protein Fraction Profiles on Dry Holstein Cows Vaccinated Using
H5N1 Avian Influenza Vaccine
A. Esfandiari*1, Andriyanto2, S. H. Sulaiman4, S. Murtini3, S. D. Widhyari1, R. Wulansari1, L. Maylina1, A. P. Mihardi1
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University
2Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, IPB University
3Department of Veterinary Diseases and Public Health, IPB University 4Undergraduate Student of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB
University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of H5N1 avian
influenza vaccination on protein fraction profiles of pregnant cows. Dry
Holstein cows, clinically healthy, were divided into 2 groups, control
(n=3) and vaccine (n=7). The vaccine group were injected by
commercial killed avian influenza H5N1 vaccine subcutaneously, four
doses/head, three times every two weeks. Blood samples were collected
from coccygeal vein, starting before the 1st vaccination, repeated every
two weeks until calving for concentration of total protein, albumin, and
globulin analysis. Results of this experiment showed that there were no
differences on total protein, albumin, and globulin concentration
between groups and time of vaccination (P>0.05). In conclusion, the
vaccination on dry Holstein cows using commercial killed avian influenza
H5N1 vaccine three times before calving does not influence the profiles
of protein fraction.
Keywords: Albumin, globulin, H5N1 avian influenza vaccine, total protein
66
Article ID 272
Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Nematode of Cattle in Udapi Hilir
Sub-district Manokwari Regency West Papua Province Indonesia
Purwaningsih1*, J. A. Palulungan1, A. N. Tethool1, Noviyanti1, F. Satridja2, S. Murtini2
1 Faculty of Animal Science, University of Papua’s, Jl. Gunung Salju
Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Animal Medicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal
parasitism (GP), and to determine the effects of age, sex, body condition
score and in the occurrences of GP of cattle indifferent rearing systemto
the risk of infection of gastrointestinal nematode in cattle. A purposive
sampling was carried out from April to May 2019 in and around Udapi
Hilir Sub-district Manokwari Regency. A total of 120 fecal samples of
cattle of different sexes and ages were collected and examined for GI
nematode eggs using sedimentation techniques. Out of these, 46
(38.33%) animals were found positive for one or-mixed GI nematode
infection. The result of fecal examination revealed eggs of Strongyle-
type, Strongyloid, Ascaris and Trichuris species. Cattle infected one-
parasite eggs were more common (82.61%) than those harboring two
(15.22%) or three (2.17%). Four G1 nematode parasite egg-types were
detected; Strongyloid (30.43%), Strongyle (80.44%), Ascaris (8.69%),
and Trichuris (6.52%). The intensity of the gastrointestinal nematode
infections was light in most animals, the overall mean nematode burden
being 426 epg (range 50-7,850). This study showed that there was no
association (P>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the
different age, sex, body conditions score, and rearing system. The
prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infection was higher in
traditional rearing system cattle as compared to that of palm cattle, but
the difference was nonsignificant (P>0.05).
Keywords: Gastrointestinal nematode, cattle, occurrence, rearing
system, Manokwari
67
Article ID 275
The Effect of Season on the Thermal Humidity Index and
Production Level in Friesian Holstein Crossed Cow at Grati
Pasuruan
S. Maylinda* and W. Busono
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the different
season (rain and dry season) on the Thermal Humidity Index (THI) and
milk production of Friesian Holstein Crossbred (PFH) dairy cows at Grati
Pasuruan District. The research materials were 20 PFH dairy cows
raised by smallholder farmers. The criteria for the cow were: (1) in the
first to third lactation; and (2) in the first to third months of its lactation.
The milk production was estimated based on the data sampling each
month, and the data measurement was taken twice a day up to 7
months. Milk production is estimated based on the Test Interval Method
(TIM), and the THI observations were based on the average daily
temperature and humidity. The results showed that the different seasons
significantly affect THI and cow's milk production (p <0.05). The results
showed that milk production in the rainy season (2277.6 litre) is higher
than in the dry season (1353.2 litre). Moreover, the THI during the rainy
season is higher (81.73) than the dry season (80.02). The research
concluded that rainy season had higher correlation with THI and milk
production compared to the dry season.
Keywords: Thermal humidity index, test interval method (TIM), milk
production
68
Article ID 284
Body Weight and Body Measurement Characteristics of Seven
Goat Breeds in Indonesia
R. Y. Kusminanto1, A. Alawiansyah1, A. Pramono1, Sutarno2 and M Cahyadi1*
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas
Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan, Surakarta
57126, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The objective of this study was to characterize body weight and body
measurement traits of seven goat breeds developing in Indonesia. A
total of 202 goats (Boer, Peranakan Ettawa (PE), Bligon, Kacang,
Gembrong, Boerja, and Kejobong breeds) were used. Body weight
(BW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), and chest girth (CG) were
measured. The data were analyzed using general the linear model
(GLM) by R program. Tukey’s test has been applied to differentiate
among breeds. The result showed that BW of Boer breed was 50.73 kg,
which belongs to the large breed, PE goat belonged to medium breed
with 40.56 kg, and the rest of goat breeds were categorized as small
breeds. In term of body measurement traits, BL was significantly
different among goat breeds. Boar and PE breeds were completely
longer BL than other breeds. Moreover, the PE goat population was
found significantly higher WH value than other breeds, except Bligon
goat. By following CG value, Boer goat was found having the highest
CG value than others. These results suggested that body weight and
body measurements were different among seven goat breeds. It may be
beneficial for conservation and breeding strategy of Indonesian goats.
Keywords: Kambing, bobot badan, panjang badan, tinggi gumba,
lingkar dada
69
Article ID 295
Adsorbents Abilities to Purify Animal Manure Biogas into
Biomethane
Junus M1*, M. Tiffany2 and F. Rizali2
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Graduate Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This research was aimed to 1). perceive the abilities of various types of
adsorbents towards the percentage of CH4 (biomethane) and 2).
determine the potential types of adsorbents to increase the percentage
of CH4. The first experiment was P which consisted of P0, P1, P2, P3,
P4 and P5; each of them contained grit of chicken waste adsorbent
(BLAR) and chicken eggshell (CTAR). Then, the second experiment was
T which consisted of T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5; each of them contained
BLAR and hydrated lime (KP). The measured variables were (1). biogas
volume (dm³), (2). filtration rate (second), (3). percentage of filtered CO2,
(4). percentage of CH4 produced. The observation results from the first
and second experiment had a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on all
four variables except for the second experiment on the biogas filtration
rate which had a significant effect (P <0.05). Thus, it could be concluded
that (1). P1, P2, P4, and T2 were the adsorbents which were able to
purify animal manure biogas into biomethane and (2). the potential
adsorbent in filtering biogas was 100% BLAR or the addition of CTAR or
KP up to 75%.
Keywords: Manure, adsorbent, biomethane, chicken, hydrated lime
70
Article ID 299
The Comparison of Sweating Rate and Sweat Gland Anatomy
Between Simmental and Its Crossing with Ongole Crossbred
(Simpo) Bull
Ita Wahju Nursita1, Herlina2, Nur Cholis3, and Muhammad Taufiqi*
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang. Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of the study was to know the sweating rate and the
anatomy of sweat glands of Simmental and its crossing with the Ongole
Crossbred (SimPO) bulls. The research was conducted in the authorized
slaughter house of Gadang, Malang City and Bioscience Laboratory of
Brawijaya University. Four Simmental and five SimPO bulls of ≥ 300 kg
and age of ≥ 2 years were used during the study. The animal’s sweating
rate was measured by using Cobalt Chloride Disk. The skin samples
were taken by using modified skin puncher for animals and then
analysed microscopically. The quantitative data were analysed
statistically by using unpaired t-test. The result showed that the sweating
rate of Simmental (Bos taurus) was lower (P<0,05) than SimPO. The
sweat glands of Simmental also smaller and have tubular like shapes
than SimPO. The SimPO bulls have a larger and baggy shape sweat
glands.
Keywords: Bos Taurus, hot environment, skin evaporation
71
Article ID 311
The Effect of Parity to Colostrum Quality of Friesian Holstein
Crossbreed
S. Kemal, T. Djoharjani*, A. Ridhowi
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
A small study was conducted to figure out the colostrum quality at first
milking from various parity of Friesian Holstein grade cows in rural area
of Ngantang, Malang Regency, East Java. Colostrum quality was
determined using Brix Refractometer. Thirty cows form parity 1 to 5 were
used in this study. Each parity consisted of 6 cows. The colostrum
samples were taken from first milking of each teat. The experimental
method was a Nested in Completely Randomized Design with parity as
the treatment and teat position were nested to the parity. The data was
analysed using ANOVA and if there was a significant difference in the
result it would be continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
The results showed that parity had a significant effect (P< 0.01) on the
colostum quality, in which the higher the parity number, the better the
colostrum quality. While the teat positions were not significantly affect
the colostrum quality, but there was a tendency that the rear teats had
lower colostrum quality then the front teats
Keywords: Friesian Holstein Crossbreed, colostrum, quality, parity, Brix
refractometer
72
Article ID 317
The Relationship Between Linear Body Measurements with Body
Weight in Brahman Cross Cattle
Woro Busono and Sucik Maylinda*
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The research aims to study the relationship between various linear body
measurements and BCS with body weight in Brahman Cross cattle at
PT. KASA Lampung. The relevance of the research is the importance of
finding methods to estimate body weight based on linear measurements
of body weight in order to facilitate the records of body weight in the field.
Data is collected at PT. KASA, Tegineneng District, Lampung. The
research material was 145 heifer (80 heads) and steer (65 heads). The
data obtained were analyzed using simple correlation analysis and
multiple regression. As with other studies, in this study Body Height
(BH), Chest Circumference (CC) and Body Length (BL) correlate very
closely with Body Weight (r = 0.95, 0.91 and 0.86, respectively). Multiple
regression for estimating body weight is BW = - 914 + 2.35 CC + 1.25
BL + 5.37 BH (R2 = 93.6%). It was concluded that the linear body size
which was the most powerful predictor of body weight was height, then
chest circumference and body length. Besides that, estimating body
weight using these three linear measurements of the body turned out to
have a very high accuracy which is above 90%.
Keywords: Brahman Cross. Linear measurements, body weight
estimation
73
Article ID 328
Colostrum Quality of Friesian Holstein Crossbreed from Different
Milking Day
Puguh Surjowardojo*, Veronika Adiawati K.N, Firmansyah T. Syahputra, Aswah Ridhowi
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science,
Brawijaya University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The aim this research was to determine the colostrum quality of Friesian
Holstein Crossbreed from different milking day at Ngantang Sub Dictrict,
Malang Regency. Sixteen cows consisting of four cows for first, second,
third, and fouth lacation period were used in this reseach. Fat and
specific gravity was the primary variable for quality measurement. The
sample was getting from first milking of each day during eight days
milking. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used to
analysis the result. The results showed that the milking day had highly
significant effect on the quality of colostrum (P< 0.01). The highest
quality was observed in the first milking (fat: 6.15±0.68% and specific
grafity: 1.076±0.005) while the lowest quality was on the eight days of
milking (fat: 3.27±0.03% and specific grafity: 1.028±0.002).
Keywords: Colostrum, Holstein crossbreed, fat, specific grafity
74
Article ID 329
Strategy for Improving Production Performance and Preservation
of Madura Cattle
S. B. Siswijono*, P. S. Winarto, and Rizki Pratiftri
1 Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
2 Graduate Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Research on strategies to improve the production performance and
preservation of Madura Cattle aims to formulate a strategy for Madura
Cattle farming management. The study utilized survey method. Data
were collected by interview, participatory observation and
documentation. The survey results showed that farmers had a negative
perception of production performance and they believed that cross-
breeding was the best way to improve the appearance of Madura Cattle.
Documentation of the study proofed that an important step had been
taken by the government in the preservation of Madura Cattle with the
establishment of institutional preservation of Madura Cattle. However,
the institution for preservation of Madura Cattle only tends to regulate
Madura cattle farmers’ obligations without regulating the rights of these
farmers. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the
institutional preservation of Madura cattle has developed significantly,
especially on their efforts to preserve Madura cattle. The result of this
study suggested that the establishment of a policy of regulating cross-
breeding patterns and the determination of economic incentives were
needed as an alternative to the institutional development of Madura
Cattle conservation.
Keywords: Strategy, performance, preservation, Madura Cattle
75
Article ID 341
Microclimate Analysis of Opened House and Closed House in
Broiler Rearing
Muharlien, E. Sudjarwo, D. L. Yulianti*, A.A. Hamiyanti
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
This study aims to analyze the microclimate of opened house and closed
house in broiler rearing. The research location was Sumber Rejo Village,
Gedangan District,Malang City. The number of Cobb 500 broiler strains
in the opened house was 8,000 and 16,000 in closed house.
Microclimate data collected were temperature (° C) and humidity of the
cage (%), and air speed (m/sec). The instrument used was thermohygro
using sensors that can record data automatically and air speed is
measured on the 7th day and the 14th day of the rearing period. The
temperature and humidity data of the house is measured periodically at
00.00 WIB, 06.00 WIB, 12.00 WIB, and 18.00 WIB WIB. Data was
collected for 15 days of the rearing period, starting on August 1-
September 15, 2019. Data were tabulated and analyzed using unpaired
t-test. Based on the analysis results there were significant differences
in the temperature of opened and closed house air during daytime
observations (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in nighttime
humidity (P<0.01) but there was no difference in air speed within house
systems (P> 0.05). The microclimate in a closed house makes the
variation in temperature and humidity in a closed house lower when
compared to an opened housed.
Keywords: Microclimate, opened house, closed house, broiler
76
Article ID 353
Bacterial Subclinical Mastitis, Total Somatic Counts, and Its Effect
on Milk Yield in Ettawa Crosbred Goat (PE) in Sleman, Yogyakarta
W Suwito1*, Andriani2, and W S Nugroho3
1Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technology of Yogyakarta, Ngemplak, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
2Research Institute Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16124, Indonesia 3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah mada, Yogyakarta,
55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Somatic cell counts enhancement which is accompainied bacteria
pathogen is an indication subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Ettawa crosbred
goat (PE). The objective of this study was to type of bacterial, somatic
cell counts (SCC), and its impact on milk yield (MY) in PE goat SCM in
Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study was conducted in Sleman PE goat farm
with PE goat SCM (n=10) and no SCM (n=10). Determination of PE goat
SCM based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) and followed with
calculation SCC by the Breed method. Isolation and identification
bacteria in PE goat SCM and no SCM based on bacteriological
analytical manual (BAM). The PE goats milk production was monitor
everday during one week. The average of SCC in PE goat SCM is 3.72
x 106cells/ml, while no SCM is 1.75 x 105 cells/ml. Bacterials from PE
goat SCM is Staphylococcus aureus sp (50%), Pseudomonas sp (40%),
Streptococcus sp (30%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%),
Staphylococcus intermedius (20%), Corynebacterium sp (20%),
Coliform sp (10%), and Bacillus sp (10%), while bacteria in PE goat no
SCM is Coliform sp (40%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (20%),
Staphylococcus intermedius (10%), Streptococcus sp (10%), and
Bacillus sp (10%). The average of milk production in PE goat no SCM is
1.38 liter/day, while in PE goat SCM is 0.35 liter/day. Staphylococcus
aureus is responsible bacteria in PE goat SCM which causes decrease
the milk production than others bacteria.
Keywords: PE goat, bacterial, subclinical mastitis, somatic cell counts,
production
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Article ID 362
Effect of Differences in Queen Cell Size on Body Length, Body
Weight and Wing Length of Queen Bee Apis cerana
Sri Minarti*, and Arga Rama Yusryansyah
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objective of this research was to determine the best percentage of
queen cell size on body length, body weight and wing length of queen
bee Apis cerana. The materials were used queen cell, honey, royal jelly
and larvae honey bee. The method was used experimental laboratory
using completely randomized design with three treatments and five
replications. The treatments were small size, medium size and large size
of queen cell. The variables measured were body length, body weight
and wing length. The data were analyzed using by Analysis of Variance
or ANOVA and if there were significant effect then would be continued
by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the
treatment of different queen cell size gave highly significant effect
(P<0.01) body weight but on body length and wing length gave no
significant effect (P>0.05). The mean value of body weight 5.73-8.10
mg. The mean value of body length 12.28-12.57 mm and The mean
value of wing length 8.48-8.74 mm. It can be concluded that queen cell
large size gave the best result on body weight 81.00 mg.
Keywords: Larvae, Royal jelly, morphology, honeybee
78
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
79
Article ID 200
Comparative Evaluation between Black Soldier Fly Larvae and
Soybean Meal as Dietary Protein Sources for Ruminant Livestock
A. Jayanegara*, M. Ridla, E. B. Laconi, Nahrowi
Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study aimed to nutritionally compare between black soldier fly
(BSF) larvae and soybean meal as protein sources for ruminant
livestock. Samples of intact BSF age 1 and 2 weeks, defatted BSF by
means of mechanical and solvent extraction, and soybean meal were
determined for their chemical composition. These included proximate
analysis, Van Soest’s fiber component, and cell wall nitrogen fraction.
Further, the intact BSF samples were used to entirely substitute soybean
meal in a napier grass based diet (napier grass:soybean meal = 6:4 w/w,
dry matter basis), and incubated in an in vitro rumen fermentation
system for 48 h. Results showed that intact BSF contained
approximately 44% of crude protein, slightly lower than that of soybean
meal. Defatted BSF had higher crude protein as compared to soybean
meal. In contrast to soybean meal, high proportion of BSF protein was
insoluble in neutral detergent solution. Substitution of BSF larvae to
soybean meal resulted in a lower level of ammonia in the rumen as well
as lower organic matter digestibility (P<0.05). It generated also less
methane emission as compared to the latter diet (P<0.05). Apparently,
considerable amount of chitin present in the BSF plays a role for
describing such findings.
Keywords: Black soldier fly, insect, feed, protein, rumen
80
Article ID 214
Exploring the potential of Panicum sarmentosum for use as a
forage grass based on its nutritive properties
A L Amar*, Tarsono, Mustaring, and K. Kasim
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fishery, Tadulako University, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta, Palu 94119, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The study was conducted to explore the acceptability of Panicum
sarmentosum herbages for ruminant feed. Its acceptability was
evaluated by comparison of some chemical attributes of the herbage to
to those of Panicum maximum. These two grasses were grown in plots,
15 m2 each, under farmer coconut plantation at Lalombi village,
Donggala Regency, in 2009. The plots were arranged by complete block
design, represent 2 grass species with 10 replications, resulting 20 plots.
Herbage samples were collected from the grasses of 42 days regrowth
for lab analysis. Proximate analysis was applied to determine the crude-
protein, crude-fibre, ether-extract, and ash contents; ‘atomic absorption
spectrophotometry’ was used to determine the Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe,
Mn, and Zn, and ‘auto analyzer’ was used to determine P content. Data
were analysed by ANOVA using a statistical package. The results of this
study have shown that both species possess very similar in compared
nutrient contents, i.e.: crude-protein, crude-fibre, crude-fat/ether-extract,
ash and nitrogen-free-extract, macro-minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P),
and micro-minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). It can be concluded that P.
sarmentosum would be equally accepted for use as a forage crop.
Keywords: Forage crops, herbage, nutrient contents, macro- and micro-
minerals
81
Article ID 232
The Effect of Indigofera Leaf Meal and Black Soldier Fly Maggot
Meal to Digestibility of Ruminant Diet In Vitro
Arfan Abrar*, Gatot Muslim, Andy Mulyana and Armina Fariani
Universitas Sriwijaya
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of Indigofera leaf
meal (ILM) and Black Soldier Fly Maggot (BSFM) meal on the ruminant
diet. Five treatments (P0 = 70% Napier grass + 30% Commercial
Concentrate, P1=70% Napier Grass + 30% ILM, P2= 70% Napier Grass
+ 30% BSFM, P4 70% Napier Grass + 15% ILM + 15% BSFM) were
applied on in vitro experiment, each treatment has 15 replication.
Observed parameters were dry matter digestibility, N-ammonia
concentration, Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) proportion and Gas
Production. The result showed that both ILM and BSFM meal
significantly (P<0,05) increase dry matter digestibility, N-ammonia
concentration, and the average of in vitro gas production. Nevertheless,
the SCFA proportion for all treatments was similar. It can be concluded
that ILM and BSFM can be utilized as an ingredient of ruminant diet.
Keywords: -
82
Article ID 233
Effects of Dietary Encapsulated LAB Probiotics and Herbs on
Goblet Cells Density and Weight of Immune Organs in Laying
Hens
N. Akhirini, S. Harimurti, B. Ariyadi, N.D. Dono*
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Objective of current study was to determine the effects of 28 days dietary
inclusion of encapsulated indigenous multi-strain lactic acid bacteria
(LAB) probiotics and herbs mixture on goblet cell density in the small
intestine and the weight of immune organs in laying hens. Sixty
commercial 57 weeks Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly
allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups: non-supplemented group (T0)
and supplemented with 1.0 g/kg multi-strain encapsulated probiotics
(T1); mixture of LAB probiotics plus Herbal Sekuntum (T2); or Herbal
Sekuntum only (T3) groups, respectively. The experimental corn-
soybean basal diets were given for ad libitum consumption. All collected
data were subsequently statistically analyzed using One way ANOVA
and followed by Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test for data with
significant difference. Results showed that diet supplementation with
mixture of 1.0 g/kg probiotic plus Sekuntum Herbal increased (P<0.05)
goblet cell density in the jejunum and ileum sections, compared to those
of other groups. Diet supplementation with 1.0 g/kg probiotics also
increased (P<0.05) weight of lympha and bursa fabricius. Result in
current study indicated that dietary supplementations with encapsulated
indigenous multi-strains LAB and mixture of herbs has potential benefits
to improve body immune system of laying hens.
Keywords: Body immune system, goblet cells, LAB probiotic, laying
hen, sekuntum herbal
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Article ID 234
Viability of Probiotic Lactic Acid Microencapsulated with
Maltodextrin in the Simulated Gastric Juice and Bile Salt
Oxsy Puji Astutiningrum, Novi Akhirini, Sri Harimurti*
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Fauna No.3 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consisted of Lactobacillus murinus
Ar3, Streptococcus thermophilus Kp2, and Pediococcus acidilacti Kd6
were encapsulated with skimmed milk-maltodextrin. In vitro studies were
used to determine the effects of simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and bile
salt on the viability of encapsulated probiotics. The results showed that
the viability of microencapsulated LAB decreased 0.45 log units during
3-h exposure to SGJ with pepsin at pH 2.5. After 4-h exposure in bile
salt solutions at pH 6.5, the number of microencapsulated LAB
increased by 1.10 log units. Microencapsulated LAB was completely
released from the coated after exposure to bile salt during 4-h. This
study confirmed that maltodextrin in microencapsulation might be an
effective method that could allow viable probiotic bacteria to reach the
large intestine.
Keywords: Microencapsulation, probiotic lactic acid bacteria, viability,
maltodextrin
84
Article ID 239
Evaluate nonlinear Model Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull: Study
Case on Calcium and phosphor Requirements of Laying Hen
Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin1*, Mochamad Dzaky Alifian1, Fredy Marthin Purba1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap2, Anuraga Jayanegara3
and Nahrowi3
1Graduate School of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia
3Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study was to build and evaluate a nonlinear model to describe the
macromineral requirement of the laying hen. Using micro mineral
(Calcium, Total Phosphor, and Available Phosphor) requirement from 8
to 35 week, nonlinear (Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull) models were
used to estimate patterns of 644 data from 23 laying hen breeds. Data
collected from Hendrix Genetics and Lohmann Tierzucht. Data were
converted to metabolism body weight (BW0.75) and transformed using
min-max transformation. The nonlinear model was run in R-base 3.6.0
using the build in function nls and SS. The RMSE and MAE used to
validate the model. The lowest value states that the model has high
uniformity and consistency. The lowest RMSE value (0.0629) of the
nonlinear model of calcium requirement was Logistic, but the lowest
MAE value (0.0401) was Weibull. The lowest RMSE and MAE values of
the nonlinear model of the total phosphor requirement were Weibull
models with values of 0.0554 and 0.0424, respectively. The lowest
RMSE and MAE values of the nonlinear model of the available phosphor
requirement were Weibull models with values of 0.0689 and 0.0568,
respectively. Therefore, based on the RMSE and MAE, the
macromineral model can accurately be described by the Weibull model.
Keywords: -
85
Article ID 243
Forage resources for Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) in small holder
farming systems in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Syamsu Bahar1*, R. Rachman2, J. Corfield3, and B. Pengelly4
1Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Jakarta, Indonesia. 2Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, S. Sulawesi,
Indonesia 3CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 4CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are a vital component of Indonesia’s crop-
livestock farming systems. A research has been conducted to analyze
the resources of cattle forage and it’s use on the systems of small holder
farming in Bone regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The
research particularly conducted on the centre of “Bali cattle”
development at Libureng district, Bone regency aiming to optimize the
use of available forage and introducing the new forage. Research
conducted on 4 (four) controlled villages namely Mattirowalie village,
Bune village, Tappale village and Laburasseng village. The
determination of selected farmers or called as “best bet farmers”
conducted through selection towards the farmers to each village. The
results of selection of “best bet farmers” obtained 5 (five) persons in each
village so total farmer were 20 persons “best bet farmers”expected to
be the example case study farmer or the pioneer farmer for the other
farmers in conducting the innovative technology of improving cattle
forage. The activity was to plant and use the forage grasses and
legumes, beside the technique of giving the cattle forage by using the
available forage namely the use of Native pasture or local field grasses
mixture, Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), tree legume leaves
(Gliricidia sepium) and the remain rice and peanut crop residues
conservation. Further the activity of planting and using the new forage
consisting of grasses namely Paspalum (Paspalum atratum cv Higane),
86
Mulato (Brachiaria hybrid cv Mulato),Panicum (Panicum maximum TD
58), Setaria (Setaria sphacelata cv Narok), and herbaceous legumes
were Clitoria (Clitoria ternateacv Milgarra), Centro (Centrosema
pubescens cv Cardillo), Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis CIAT 184). The
results of research showed that the forage resources of cattle were
varied. The system of feed giving the combined forage between
shepherd system and cut-carry system. If compared with the forage
resources condition of cattle after this project implemented, there were
the significant influence where farmers have been familiar to plant the
forage in form of grasses and legumes then remain rice and peanut crop
residues conservation for their cattle, while before they only focused on
Native pasture or field grasses mixture and a little plants straw or crop
residues.
Keywords: Forage,Bali cattle, Farming systems, Small holder farmer
87
Article ID 253
In vitro Characteristics of Concentrate Containing Different Levels
of Durio zibethinus Murr Peel Flour Fermented with Pleurotus
ostreatus
E. Sulistyowati*, I. Badarina, and S. Mujiharjo
Animal Science Dept., Agriculture Fac., University of Bengkulu Jl. W. R. Supratman Kota Bengkulu, Bengkulu, INDONESIA
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objectives of this research were to evaluate concentrate containing
different levels of Durio zibethinus Murr peel flour fermented with
Pleurotus ostreatus in in vitro with goat rumen fluid and fatty acid
contents of the concentrate. There were three levels of fermented Durio
(FD): FD5 (5% fermented Durio), FD10 (10% fermented Durio), and
FD20 (20% fermented Durio). In averages, dry matter (DM) content was
lower; while, sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were found high in FD20.
In vitro characteristics increased with higher fermented Durio in
concentrate. In FD20 concentrate, averages of IVDM (73.93%), IVOM
(72.64%), N-NH3 (25.01 mM) dan VFA (126.28 mM). Total fatty acid
contents decreased with increasing level of fermented Durio. This could
be concluded that 10% of fermented Durio could be incorporated in
concentrate, potentially could be applied in dairy goat.
Keywords: in vitro, Durio peel flour, P. ostreatus, concentrate
88
Article ID 254
The Effect of Using Natural Feed Additive on Egg Production and
Quality of Mojosari Duck (Mojosari Anas Plathryncos)
D. L. Yulianti* and Muharlien
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using natural feed
additives on egg production and quality of Mojosari Ducks. The animals
used were 81 layer period Mojosari ducks 145 days old with an average
egg weight 67.55 g and a diversity coefficient of 8.98%. Each bird is
placed in experimental cages 2.25 x 2.25 m. Each plot (experimental
unit) was placed 3 ducks. The research treatment is adding feed
additives (UB Feed) which are composed of natural ingredients, include
amino acids, multivitamins, balanced micro minerals, acidifiers,
probiotics, and phytobiotics. Research treatment was P1 (100%
commercial complete feed), P2 (100% mixed feed), and P3 (100%
mixed feed + 0.4% feed additive UB Feed). The research variables were
egg production (%), cholesterol content (mg/100 mg) and protein
content of egg yolk (g/100 g), and protein content of albumin (g/100 g).
Based on the research results, the addition of natural feed additives had
a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the egg production and quality of
Mojosari duck eggs. The addition of natural additive feeds in feed
increased egg production, yellow protein content and egg albumin and
reduced cholesterol content of egg yolk.
Keywords: Natural feed additive, mojosari duck, egg production, egg
quality
89
Article ID 258
The Effect of Fresh and Hay Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Supplementation on Carcass Quality of Hybrid Duck
B. Suwignyo1*, E. Suryanto1, H. Sasongko1, Y. Erwanto1 and E. A. Rini2
1Lectures and Researcher at Faculty of Animal Science UGM
2Graduate Student at Faculty of Animal Science UGM
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The aimed of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation
alfalfa fresh or hay in the diets on meat quality of hybrid duck. 75 hybrid
ducks with 3 treatments and 5 replications were used in this study. Each
replication consists of 5 ducks. The diets was used in the trial consisted
of P0 = Basal diets without alfalfa supplementation, P1 = Basal diets +
6% fresh alfalfa supplementation and P2 = Basal diets + 6% alfalfa hay
supplementation. Either fresh or hay alfalfa was computed based on dry
matter. Drinking water was given in ad libitum. Parameters observed
were live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage and income. This
study was arranged with Completely Randomized Design. Data
collected was analyzed (Anova) with Statistical Product for Service
Solution version 22. Duncan's new Multiple Range Test was used in the
analysis with significant result. Supplementation of 6% fresh and hay
alfalfa did not increase live weight, carcass weight and carcass
percentage of hybrid duck until the age of 35 days. However,
supplementation of alfalfa (fresh or hay) can reduce the feed cost, that
impact to income. Highest income resulted from duck with 6% alfalfa hay
supplementation followed by 6% alfalfa fresh and control. Sale live
weight 35 days harvested duck is more recommend instead of carcass
form to optimized the income.
Keywords: Alfalfa, carcass, carcass percentage, hybrid ducks, live
weight
90
Article ID 259
Effect of Dietary Nano-encapsulated Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.)
Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Intestinal pH of Broiler
Chickens
N A S Masjid, Zuprizal, and N D Dono*
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] A four weeks study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nano-
encapsulated Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) leaves extract inclusion in
drinking water on growth performance and intestinal pH in broiler
chickens. A hundred and ninety two chicks were allotted into eight
treatment groups: a negative control group without any treatment in the
drinking water (T1), a positive control group with tetracycline 100 ppm
(T2), groups with 100 mg (T3), 200 mg (T4), 400 mg (T5) mindi leaves
extract per litre, or groups with 100 mg (T6), 200 mg (T7), 400 mg (T8)
nano-encapsulated mindi leaves extract per litre (L). Each treatment was
replicated four times with six birds per pen. Oneway ANOVA was used
to analyse collected data, continued with Duncan's new Multiple Range
Test for data with significant difference. No treatment effect were
detected on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water
intake, or final weight. However, inclusion with 200 mg mindi leaves
extract per L reduced pH (P<0.05) in the jejunum and ileum. Current
research indicated that addition of low dose Mindi leaves extract –
nanocapsulated or non-nanoencapsulated – might give significant effect
on improving intestinal health condition in broiler chickens.
Keywords: Broiler chickens, growth performance, intestinal ph, mindi
leaves extract, nano-encapsulation
91
Article ID 260
The Digestability of Water Melon (Citrullus lanatus) Seed Cake for
Lamb Fattening
Amani A. Beshir1* and Salih Ahmed Babiker2
1Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Kassala, Sudan
2Department of Meat Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, Shambat, Sudan
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The present study was conducted to evaluate the digestibility of water
melon (Citrullus vulgaris) seed cake as a possible protein supplement
for growing Iamb in comparison to groundnut cake. Graded proportion
of water melon seed cake (WMSC) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) which replace
groundnut cake (GNC) were in corporate in five diets iso-caloric, iso-
nitrogenous diet for lamb. Diet A contained 0% proportion of MWSC, diet
B, C, D and E contained 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% WMSC proportions
respectively. Fourty five yearling male lambs of Sudan desert sheep
ecotype Kabashi with average body weight of 31.5 kg were used for
feeding trial and fifteen desert lambs were used in a digestibility trial for
five days. Digestibility coefficient of dry matter, protein and crude fibre
differ significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) among the
treatment groups respectively. No significant difference was observed
for digestibility coefficients of organic matter and ether extract. Dietary
treatments affected significantly (P <0.05, P < 0.01 and P <0.05)
digestible crude protein, digestible crude fibre and digestible ether
extract respectively content, while group E had the lowest fat content
and highest moisture content. Fat content was decrease with increasing
level of WMSC inclusion in the diet, while moisture• content increase
with it increasing level. Digestibility coefficients of nutrients, digestible
nutrients and total digestible nutrients were tended to be similar to that
of GNC diets.
Keywords: Digestibility, sudanese desert lambs, water melon seed cake
92
Article ID 261
The Effect of Nanoencapsulated Liquid Kapok (Ceiba pentandra
L.) Leaves Extract Supplementation in Drinking Water on Starter
Phase Performance
Muhammad Hidayat, Zuprizal*, Bambang Ariyadi
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this research was to find out the effects of liquid kapok
leaves extract (LKLE) with nanoencapsulated technology (NLKLE) in
drinking water as a phytobiotic on starter phase performance (21 days
old). The research is conducted with a directional pattern completely
randomized design. 192 broiler chickens were raised from day old
(DOC) to 21 days old chick. From DOC to 3 days old chicks were fed
with commercial feed (ME 3.100 kcal/kg; CP 22%; Ca 1%; P 0,75%).
During 4-7 days of age given a commercial feed mixture and basal feed
(ME 3.117,15 kcal/kg; CP 21,22%; Ca 1,17%; and P 0.64%). At 8-21
days old given treatments. Eight treatments were replicated 4 times
consisted of 6 broiler chickens for each replication. The treatments were
tetracycline 100 mg/L (P1), water (P2), water + LKLE 400 mg/L (P3),
water + LKLE 800 mg/L (P4), water + LKLE 1.600 mg/L (P5), water +
NLKLE 400 mg/L (P6), water + NLKLE 800 mg/L (P7), and water +
NLKLE 1.600 mg/L (P8). The results showed that LKLE and NLKLE did
not show a significant influence (P>0,05) on the final weight, gain, FCR,
and FI:WI Ratio but relative significantly influence on the feed intake (P
= 0,053) and water intake (P = 0,104).
Keywords: Broiler chicken, kapok leaves extract, nanoencapsulation,
starter phase performance
93
Article ID 262
Effect of Combination of Protected and Non-protected Corn Oil
Supplementation on In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility
M S Anam, L M Yusiati*, C Hanim, Z Bachruddin and A Astuti
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This research was done to study the effect of supplementation of the
combination of corn oil (CO) and protected corn oil (PCO) using
formaldehyde on in vitro nutrient digestibility in the rumen and post
rumen. Protection of corn oil is carried out by mixing skim milk powder
and corn oil (2:1) using formaldehyde 1,5%. Feed for fermentation
substrate consists of Penissetum purpureum and wheat pollard (60:40).
The combination of CO and PCO in several rations was added as the
supplement to feed substrate (dry matter basis). The ratios of CO: PCO
supplementation that given were T0 (0%:0%) as a control, T1 (5%:0%),
T2 (3.75%:1.25%), T3 (2.5%:2.5%), T4 (1.25%:3.75%), and T5
(0%:5%). Their effects on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter
digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD) and crude fiber
digestibility (CFD) digestibility were studied using the two-stage in vitro
digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) modified by Utomo (2012).
Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance
continued by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that T1
and T2 significantly (P<0.05) decreased DMD, OMD and CFD at 48 h
and 96 h incubation and did not affect rumen CPD. In conclusion, the
supplementation of corn oil 1.25% combined with protected corn oil
3.75% had no negative effect on DMD, OMD, CPD and CFD on rumen
and post-rumen digestibility.
Keywords: Corn oil, protected corn oil, formaldehyde, in vitro, nutrient
digestibility
94
Article ID 263
Effect of Cinnamon Bark Meal (Cinnamomun burmanni Ness ex
Bl) on In Vitro Methane Production and Rumen Methanogens
Diversity
I Hadianto1, L M Yusiati2*, Z Bachrudin2, B Suhartanto2, C Hanim2 and A Kurniawati2
1Graduate Student, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3,
Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Plant secondary metabolites such as cinnamaldehyde have been used
to manipulate methane production in the rumen. The research aimed to
investigate the effect of cinnamon bark meal as cinnamaldehyde source
on methane production and methanogen diversity in the rumen.
Substrate of fermentation consist of Pennisetum purpureum, wheat
pollard and soybean meal. Cinnamon bark meal was added into feed
sample equal to cinnamaldehyde level as much as 200, 400, 600, 800
mg based on dry matter (DM). Parameters recorded were dry matter
digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), methane
production, number of protozoa and communities of methanogen.
Fermentation parameters were measured by incubating the sample in a
rumen liquor buffer that was taken from a rumen fistulated Bali cattle. In
vitro gas production was analyzed using Menke and Steingass gas
production technique. Methanogenic communities were observed using
Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP)
technique. The bacterial diversity (H’ index) and evenness (E index)
were calculated from the peak value. Results showed that there was no
significant (P>0.05) different among treatments on IVDMD, IVOMD,
methane production and number of protozoa. Based on T-RFLP,
methanogenic archaea diversity was not affected by the diet. This study
shows that addition of cinnamon bark meal as cinnamaldehyde source
95
may not viable CH4 mitigation strategies to reduce methanogenic
activity in the rumen.
Keywords: Cinnamon bark meal, cinnamaldehyde, methane,
methanogenic diversity, T-RFLP
96
Article ID 267
The Evaluation of Sunflower Seed Meal as Protein Source in
Weaning Ewes Ration
Indah Wijayanti1*, Yendar Sari AZ2, Lilis Khotidjah1
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science IPB University
2Laboratory of Basic Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science IPB University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Sunflower seeds meal is a feed ingredient which has a crude protein
content similar as coconut meal. Sunflower seeds meal contains
unsaturated fatty acids and crude fiber in high concentration. In this
study we use ewes as animal model with average of weight 13.58 ± 1.82
kg and aged 2 to 3 months. The experimental design used is randomized
block design (RBD) with 3 treatments and 4 groups. Treatment without
addition of sunflower seeds meal (P0), with addition of 10% sunflower
seeds meal (P1), and with addition of 15% sunflower seed meal (P2).
Substitution of sunflower seeds meal in diet did not had significant affect
(P>0.05) on feed consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency, as well
as metabolites of blood glucose and cholesterol. The use of sunflower
seed meal in ewes ration up to 15% is still safe to use.
Keywords: Coconut meal, cholesterol, ewe, sunflower seed meal
97
Article ID 268
Heating Effect on Rumen Digestion of Protein Feeds Fermented
by Lactic Acid Bacteria
H. L. Sanjaya, Z. Bachruddin*, Asih Kurniawati, Chusnul Hanim, and L.M. Yusiati
Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Fauna No: 3, Kampus UGM,
BulaksumurYogyakarta, INDONESIA, 55281
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
This study aimed to measure the in vitro digestibility of protein feeds as
a product of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation with different levels
of molasses addition and incubation time. The LAB fermentation of
protein feeds experiment had treatments given in the form of addition of
molasses with levels of 0%, 3%, and 5% as well as at different incubation
times of 0, 1, and 2 weeks. The best result of LAB fermentation was then
protected in the rumen digestion by a heating treatment, carbohydrate,
and fat addition. The parameter observed includes levels of pH and
lactic acid production for LAB fermentation of protein feeds experiment
and dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), and crude protein
digestibility (CPD) for protected rumen digestion experiment. Result
showed that the lowest pH were 4.65±0.02, reached at the treatment
with one week incubation (p<0.05) and 0% molasses addition (p<0.05).
The highest lactic acid content were 1.82±0.10 mg/g fermentation feed
based on treatment one weeks incubation (p<0.05) and 0% molasses
addition (p>0.05). The highest content of protein showed at the
treatment with two weeks incubation (p>0.05) and 5% molasses addition
(p<0.05). Heating treatment had no significant compared to control, with
the result respectively DMD 42.48±4.08%; 38.62±6.31%, OMD
53.21±4.74%; 49.71±5.62%, and CPD 38.15±4.71%; 34.88±2.72%
(p>0.05). Fermentation could improve the nutrient quality of concentrate,
but further research is needed to find ways to protect fermented
concentrate.
Keywords: Molasses, incubation time, lactic acid, protected rumen
digestibility
98
Article ID 276
Effect of Tomato Powder and Sepiolite to Liver Damage in Broiler
Chickens Exposed to Aflatoxin
Nur Wulan Purnama, Osfar Sjofjan, Eko Widodo
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding
combination of tomato powder (TP) and sepiolite to feed with aflatoxin
contaminated corn on liver damage of broiler chickens. The method was
in vivo experiment by using a Completely Randomized Design with 7
treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of T0= positive
control (corn contaminated 10 ppb aflatoxin), T1=negative control (corn
contaminated 102.5 ppb), P2=P1+0.25% sepiolite, P3= P2+0.5% TT,
P4= T2+1% TP, T5=T2+1.5% TP, and T6= T2+2% TP. The measured
variable were SGPT, SGOT and liver histopathological change
according to Manja Roenigk scoring. The data were analysed by
ANOVA and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. The result
showed that the highest SGPT level (P<0.01) was in T2 (8.13±0.12) and
the lowest was in T4(4.67±0.31). The treatments did not affect to SGOT
levels. The lowest level of liver damage (P<0.01) according to Manja
Roenigk score was in T5 (230±17,80). The conclusion of this research
was addition of 0.25% sepiolite and 1% tomato powder in feed with
aflatoxin contaminated corn decrease the liver damage in broilers.
Keywords: Tomato powder, sepiolite, liver damage, aflatoxin,
histopathology
99
Article ID 282
The Body Growth of Crossbred Bulls to Cassava-based Diet
Compared to Various Diets Supplementation in Smallholder
Farmers in Malang, East Java
D. Setiadi1*, Kasmiyati2, A.Z. Zakariya2, K. Harper3 and D. P. Poppi3
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP) Jawa Timur, Jl. Raya Karangpolo Km. 4, Malang 65152, Indonesia
3School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The experiment was conducted to determine the growth of crossbred
bulls fed on cassava by-product based diet compared to various diets
supplementation. The experiment was conducted in Kucur village, Dau
sub-district, Malang. Fifty cross bred bulls aged of 1.5 - 2 years were
used in this experiment. The bulls were divided into five treatments;
cassava-based diet by recent ACIAR-UB experiment (T1), commercial
concentrate (T2), YaYa diet (T3), Santos diet (T4) and current feeding
system (CFS) by farmers (T0) as control. Cassava-based diet (T1)
consisted of 50% cassava, 25% copra meal (CM) and 25% palm kernel
cake (PKC). Local concentrate (T2) was bought from local cooperative
in Malang. Yaya diet (T2) consisted of 30% cassava, 20% corn cob, 20%
copra meal, 20% palm kernel cake and 10% rice bran. Santos diet (T4)
consisted of 40 % corn cob, 20% palm kernel cake 20% rice bran, and
20% wheat pollard. Control treatment (T0) was 1 kg wheat pollard a day
as general current feeding system by farmers. The experiment found
that cassava-based diet (T1) supplementation showed the highest body
growth compared to the other diets.
Keywords: Body growth, crossbred bulls, cassava-based diet, and small
holder farmers
100
Article ID 287
The Prospective Use of Essential Oil from Herbs as Feed Additive
for Laying Poultry: A Review
E. Widodo*
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Entering the era of AGP replacer has made researchers to find
alternative products which are comparable to AGP. Some attempts have
been made, but it seems the use of herbs essential oils to be more
prospective. Some commonly used herbs products evaluated are for
example cinnamon, aniseed, olive and oregano. The products sometime
are used in forms of essential oil mixture rather than single product. This
paper aimed to review the utilization of herbs and herbs essential oil for
laying poultry. The mechanism of action toward the possible
improvement in laying performance is mentioned. The result suggested
that the implementative use of herbs and herbs essential oil should be
done selectively, because the success in improving laying performance
is influenced by the type and level of herbs and herbs essential oil used
in the feed.
Keywords: AGP replacer, herbs, essential oil, laying poultry
101
Article ID 289
Effect of Level of Eugenol in the Clove Oil on Salmonella Growth
and Dry Matter and Protein Digestibilities in Broiler
M.Tahir1, S. Chuzaemi2 and E. Widodo2*
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Tadulako, Palu
2Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] An attempt to use active substances of clove oil, predominantly eugenol,
as AGP replacer was made. In the first experiment, different levels of
eugenol from 0 to 2.5% were tested in vitro toward Salmonella growth.
The second in vivo experiment, the equivalent levels of eugenol were
added to broiler feed in the form of addition of clove oil. The results
showed that at highest eugenol levels (2.25 and 2.5%) Salmonella was
not detected. The result was in accordance with the results of second
experiment that the use of more than 1.5% eugenol in the clove oil
reduced digestibilities of dry matter and protein, as well as metabolizable
energy determined in broiler. In conclusion, the use of 1.5 eugenol from
clove oil could suppress bacterial growth and improve digestibility of dry
matter and protein and its metabolizable energy content in Broiler.
Keywords: Microbe, growth, digestibility, metabolizable energy, broiler
102
Article ID 296
A Dietary Inclusion Made of Papaya’s Leaves (Carica papaya L)
Powder in Feeding Toward the Performance and Carcass Quality
of Local Chickens
Jacquline T Laihad, Jein R. Leke* and Freddy Nangoy
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado-955115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study aimed to evaluate the performance and carcass quality of
local chickens given by dietary inclusion, composing of papaya’s leaves
(carica papaya L) powder. Technically, experimental free-range
chickens used were 200 chickens, by the age of 16 weeks and average
body’s weight of 780,58 9.34 gr. Feed was made from corn, rice’s bran,
fish flour, concentrate, and papaya’s leaves. The research employed a
completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and replications
of 8 chickens, respectively. The treatments comprised of R0 = 100%
based diet (BD) + 0 % papaya’s leaves powder (PLP), R1 = 97% BD +
3 % PLP, R2 = 94 % BD + 6 % PLP, R3 = 91 % BD + 9 % PLP, and R4
= 88 % BD + 12 % PLP. Parameters measured were final weight,
carcass’s weight, and carcass percentage. The result of this research
shows that feather’s performance and carcass quality were not
significantly different (P 0.05) against final weight (gr), carcass’s weight
(gr) and carcass percentage (%). In conclusion, papaya’s leaves can be
used as dietary component in feeding to improve carcass quality without
negative impact on performance of productive free-range chickens.
Keywords: Local chickens, performance, papaya’s leaves powder
103
Article ID 297
Methionine Supplementation to Quails Diet Improves Egg Weight
Consistency
A. Masykur1, N. Mahfudhoh1, S. Prastowo1,2, N. Widyas2 and A. Ratriyanto1,2*
1Postgraduate Program of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University,
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia 2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret
University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Methionine is an essential amino acid which plays important roles in
metabolism. Methionine sufficiency is expressed in the animals’
performance. This research aimed to study the effect of methionine
supplementation on the consistency of quails’ egg weight. There were
three treatments groups with five replicates of 15 birds each as follows:
D0 (control), D1 (control + 0.06% methionine) and D2 (control + 0.12%
methionine). The egg weight data were collected for two periods of 28
days (2 × 28 days) started from when the egg productions reached 50%
(63 days of age). The D1 and D2 yielded heavier egg than D0 (P<0.01).
The data were split and averaged into eight weeks and were divided into
two subsets: the consistency of the first period (week 1–4) and second
period (week 5–8). Intraclass correlation was used as the measure of
egg weight consistency. Result showed that intraclass correlation of D0,
D1 and D2 in the first period were 0.29, 0.79 and 0.63 respectively;
whereas in the second period were -0.11, 0.54 and 0.08 respectively.
Intraclass correlation of D1 and D2 were higher than D0. Finally,
methionine supplementation in the diet consistently increases egg
weight.
Keywords: Quail, egg weight, methionine, intraclass correlation,
consistency
104
Article ID 300
Effect of Pellet Size Ration with or without Indigofera on New
Zealand White Rabbit Performances
H Tistiana*, Hartutik, E Widodo and I H Djunaidi
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Rabbit is an alternative animal raised by the farmer for profit. Therefore,
the ration used varied and tended to use commercial pelleted feed. The
current study is intended to evaluate effect of pellet size of rabbit ration
with or without indigofera on the performances of rabbit. Thirty six rabbits
of one month old were used alloted to 12 experimental units. The main
factor was ration types (non or indigofera) and the second factor was
pellet size (S, M and L). The experiment was arranged in completely
Nested Randomized Design. The results showed that feed comsumption
was non significantly influenced by the type of ration and pellet size. In
addition, type of ration significantly (P<0.05) influenced the body weight
gain and highly significantly (P<0.01) influenced on feed convertion.
Economic calculation based on Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC)
indicated ration containing indigofera was highly significantly (P<0.01).
In conclution, ration containing indigofera at medium size of pellet
improves performence of New Zealand White Rabbit.
Keywords: -
105
Article ID 301
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Addition and Fermentation
Periods on Nutritive Value Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum
purpureum cv Mott) Silage
A Irsyammawati*, Mashudi, and P H Ndaru
Animal Nutrition Department, Animal Science Faculty, Brawijaya University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This research aimed to examine the effect of different Lactobacillus
plantarum addition and fermentation periods on its physical quality, pH,
nutritive value (dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein
(CP), crude fiber (CF), extract ether (EE)). This research also to find out
the best treatments of dwarf elephant grass silage by Lactobacillus
plantarum addition with different fermentation periods. Completely
Randomized Factorial Design was used in this experiment, with two
factor ie. Lactobacillus plantarum inclusion (0, 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 %) and
fermentation periods (0, 7, 14, 21 days). Each treatment was replicated
three times. Addition 6 % molasses of fresh weight grass was employed
in all the treatment. The result indicated that different of Lactobacillus
plantarum addition, fermentation periods and their interaction were
highly significant effect on pH, OM, CP, CF and EE value (p<0.01).
Interaction of two factors also highly significant influence to DM content
of dwarf elephant grass silage. Physical quality of dwarf elephant grass
with various Lactobacillus plantarum addition and fermentation periods
shown a good quality of silage with fresh and acidic odor, good texture,
a little bit browny color, and no fungi. Average pH of silage was around
3.90 – 4.30 after incubation 7 – 21 days. Average of nutritive value dwarf
elephant grass silage were 11.55 – 13.15 % DM, 81.13- 82.32 % OM,
10.48 – 12.00 % CP, 22.31 – 25.27 % CF and 1.21 – 2.98% EE. It can
be concluded that Lactobacillus plantarum addition can faster ensilage
fermentation and the best silage was on treatment 0.6 % Lactobacillus
plantarum addition and 7 days fermentation periods.
Keywords: Dwarf elephant grass, nutritive value, silage
106
Article ID 302
Evaluation of Curcumin as an Additive on Egg Yolk Color Stability
of White Laying Hens
Y. F. Nuningtyas1*., H. L. Chang1, M. J. Lin1, and E. Widodo2
1Lecturer Department of Animal Science - National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
2Lecturer Animal Science - Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this experiment was to know the used of curcumin on
egg yolk color stability of white laying hens. In this experiment was used
thirty two (32) of Lohman LSL-lite white laying hens. Chickens was
reared on the bateray cages with the comerrcial feed and differences by
the treatment with the addition of curcumin on the water. Level of the
addition curcumin were divided into 4 treatments and 8 replications on
each treatment. The treatment were used 0 ml (control), 1 ml, 2ml, and
3 ml curcumin on every 100 ml water. Eggs were collected everyday.
The color stability of eggs were analyzed every weeks start from 23-28
weeks. The data was analysed using GLM in a windows-based software
package, SAS version 9.1 and the differences were tested by LSM. L*,
a*, and b* values were used to calculate the reflectance colorimeter of
fresh egg yolk. The addition of 2 ml curcumin/100 ml water has
significantly effect on color stability. The result showed that the addition
of 2 ml curcumin/100 ml curcumin more darkness, yellowness, and
redness.
Keywords: Color stability, curcumin, egg yolk, white laying
107
Article ID 303
The Effect of Addition of Azotobacter Microbial Culture on Cow
Feces as a Plant Fertilizer
Nur Cholis* and Ita Wahju Nursita
Lecturer at Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding
Azotobacter microbial culture on cow feces as plant fertilizer. The
material used was 360 kg of cow feces, 20 kg of rice husk, 20 kg of rice
bran and 750 ml of Azotobacter microbial culture, 30 liters of water and
9 liters of molasses, Odot (Pennisetum purporeum cv. Mott) grass
cuttings, corn (Zea mays saccharata) seeds and Edamame (Glycine
max L Meril) seeds. This research method is an experiment. The design
was a Completely Randomized Design (RCD) with 4 treatments and 6
replications. The treatment was T0, namely the use of feces without the
addition of Azotobacter microbial culture, T1 with the addition of 150 ml/
100 kg of material, T2 with the addition of 250 ml/ 100 kg of material and
T3 with the addition of 350 ml/ 100 kg of material. The variables
observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, number of
branches and number of tillers. Plant height was significantly different
(P<0.05) from treatment, for all plants. The addition of 350 ml /100 kg of
material, gave the highest plant height on Odot grass, corn and
Edamame by 33.60 cm, 86.8 cm, and 26.14 ± 1.89 cm, respectively.
This is due to the highest element K which plays a role in maintaining
turgor pressure and ensuring the continuation of cell elongation (Wiyana
and Adnyana, 2012). From this study it can be concluded that the
addition of Azotobacter microbial culture can increase the nutrient
content of compost with cow feces material. When used as fertilizer, it
can increase plant growth.
Keywords: Azotobacter, cow feces, plant fertilizer
108
Article ID 305
Effect of Pollard and Soybean Meal Protected with Condensed
Tannin (CT) in Concentrate in In Vitro Gas Production
Siti Chuzaemi1*, Mashudi1, Herdyk Eryantristan2, and Asri Nurul Huda1
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
2 Department of Food Security and Animal Husbandry, Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The method used in this study was in vitro gas production. Data was
analyzed by using Nested Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments
of pollard (P) and soybean meal (SBM) consist of: P0=Pollard + 0g of
CT, P1 = Pollard + 36g of CT, P2 = Pollard + 72g of CT, P3 = Pollard +
108g of CT, SBM0 = SBM + 0g of CT, SBM1 = SBM + 36 g of CT, SBM2
= SBM + 72g of CT, SBM3 = SBM + 108 g of CT. The diet consists of
maize stover and concentrate. Variables measured were in vitro gas
production and b (amount of gas production from undissolved material
but potentially degraded) and c value (rate of gas production of
potentially degraded material). The result indicated the highest volume
of gas production was on P0 and SBM0 (140.89 and 125.83 ml/500mg
DM respectively) and the lowest ones were on P3 and SBM3 (106.10
and 100.26 ml/500 mg DM respectively). The highest b value was on P0
and SBM0 (154.14 and 139.01 ml/500 mg DM respectively). The value
of c was not significantly different. Based on the result, CT treatments
decrease the value of in vitro gas production and also b value of soybean
meal and pollard.
Keywords: Condensed tannin, soybean meal, pollard, in vitro, gas
production
109
Article ID 306
Providing High Quality Forages with Hydroponic Fooder System
P. H. Ndaru*, A. N. Huda, Marjuki and Y. F. Nuningtyas
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Hydroponic fodder is an advanced technology to provide the
sustainability of high-quality forage for ruminant. Hydroponic sprout
contains grass juice which is essential to increase the ruminant
performance because the grass juice from hydroponic can contribute to
the enhancement of microbial activity. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the effect of harvesting time toward fooder production and
nutrient content of hydroponic maize fodder. This study used maize
seed and hypochlorite solution for a disinfectant agent. The method
used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5
treatments. The treatments used was the difference of harvesting time,
P1 = 8 days, P2 = 12 days, P3 = 16 days, P4 = 20 days, P5 = 24 days.
Variables measured were % germination, growth (plant height), forage
production, and nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, crude
protein, and crude fiber). The results showed that the harvesting time is
a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on plant height, forage production,
and nutrient content. Based on research, hydroponic maize fodder has
an advantage as a source of quality forage for livestock because it has
a high protein. The crude protein contain on P1 with 12,36 %, P2 =
14,91%, P3 = 17,11%, P4 18,43% and P5 = 17,58 %.
Keywords: Hydroponic maize fodder, harvesting time, nutrient contains
110
Article ID 307
The Effect of EM-4 on Sugarcane Top Silage (Saccharum
officinarum. Linn) on Nutritive Value and In Vitro Nutrients
Digestibility
Hartutik*, Herni Sudarwati, Firda Aulia Putri and Gita Ayu Oktadela
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The utilization of agriculture by-product is one of alternative to be used
as main feed source for ruminant forage, although the nutrient content
in sugarcane is still classified as low-quality feed. One of alternative
measure to optimise using sugarcane by-product is making silage.
Therefore, making silage from the sugarcane top is one attempt to
enhancement the nutrient value. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the addition of EM4 on sugarcane top silage. The method used
in this study was in vitro digestibility. Variables measured in this study
were nutrient content, fiber components, feed digestibility and gas
production in vitro. The result showed that sugarcane top silage with a
treatment period of 7 days incubation (P1) was the best treatment with
CF value of 9.33%, fiber component 46.56% ADF and 70.27% NDF,
DMD value of 45.77% and OMD 66.78%, the total value of 96 hours gas
production was 87.70 ml/500 mg DM, the value of gas production
potential was 103.30 ml/500 mg DM, the rate of gas production was
0.0217 ml/hour, the degradation value of DM by 40.03% and
degradation of organic matter by 52.75%, so it can be concluded that
the use of EM-4 and bran in the production of sugarcane top silage can
shorten the incubation time.
Keywords: Sugarcane top, silage, EM-4
111
Article ID 308
Economic Value of Dwarf Elephant Grass and DDGS as Feed of
Smallholder Dairy Farm in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District,
Malang Regency
Asri Nurul Huda*, Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru, Aswah Ridhowi, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara and Hendrawan
Soetanto
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The average number of lactation dairy cattle ownership in community
farms in Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency ranges
from 5-6 cows per household. Farmers rely on grass as the main feed
for dairy cows and concentrate from local Dairy Cooperative as
additional feed. Average milk production was 10-11 liters/cow/day.
Changes in the use of feed types have occurred in the last two years.
The use of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) by farmers has
slowly changed to dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv
Mott) until now. The amount of concentrate given was reduced and
replaced by DDGS by ratio (concentrate: DDGS) 1: 4. This study
analysed the economic value of the use of dwarf elephant grass and
DDGS as feed especially its impact on farmers' income. Data obtained
through interview methods from 37 respondents of dairy farmers in
Tulungrejo Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency in July -
September 2019. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive
quantitative manner. The results showed the average daily milk
production increased by 18% or equivalent to 1.77 liters/cow/day and
there was a 32% increase in farmer income or equivalent to 1,108,263
IDR within 2 years.
Keywords: Income, dwarf elephant grass, DDGS
112
Article ID 310
Germination Test of Seven Different Sorghum Varieties for
Hydroponic Sorghum Forage Production as Feed
Ari Khiyatil Jaliyah1*, Ifar Subagiyo2, Siti Chuzaemi2, Marjuki2
1Doctoral Student Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang65145, Indonesia
2Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study aims to examine the germination and growth of seven
sorghum varieties, namely KD4, Super 1, Super 2, Pahat, Samurai 1,
Samurai 2 and Black Sorghum Rote Island cultivars as a reference for
hydroponic sorghum forage production. This research was conducted at
the Laboratory of Agricultural Cultivation in the Faculty of Agriculture,
Brawijaya University. This experimental study used a completely
randomized design with 7 different varieties of sorghum as treatments
and 4 replications. The parameters were the percentage of germination,
daily germination rate and percentage of normal shoots. Data were
analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple
Range Test. The results showed that the treatments gave highly
significant effect (P<0.01) on the percentage of germination, where
Super 2 variety showed the highest germination percentage of 95%,
daily germination rate of 22.03%, and percentage of normal shoots of
88.00%. While Black Sorghum variety of Rote Island cultivar showed the
lowest values for all of the three parameter, i.e. 0%. percentage of
germination, i.e. 0%. Black sorghum variety has very hard seed coat that
prevent water immersion into the seeds during germination test. Thus,
the seeds of Super 2 sorgum variety must be the best seeds variety for
hydroponic sorghum forage production.
Keywords: Sorghum, percentage of germination, daily germination rate
and percentage normal shoots
113
Article ID 313
Effect of Cutting Interval and Cutting Height on Adenanthera
pavonina L. Dry Matter Forage Yield
Siti Nurul Kamaliyah*, Ifar S., Kusmartono, and S. Chuzaemi
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The effect of cutting height and cutting interval on dry matter forage yield
of Adenanthera pavonina L. was investigated using two year old
Adenanthera trees. Forage regrowth was harvested at three cutting
height (100 cm, 150 cm and branch tip cutting) and two cutting intervals
(three and four months). Total dry matter forage yield were 2.11
kg/tree/year or 21.1 t/ha/year at three month cutting interval, significantly
(P<0.02) higher than 1.82 kg/tree/year or 18.7 t/ha/year at four month
cutting interval. There was no significantly difference between cutting
height.
Keywords: Adenanthera pavonina, dry-matter yield, cutting height,
cutting interval
114
Article ID 316
Effect of Different Pruning Intervals on Nutrient Composition and
Yield of Vines from Seven Sweet Potato Cultivars
Thiasari, N.*, E. Indawan, S. U. Lestari, P. Sasongko
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Malang 65144, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different pruning
intervals on nutrient composition and yield of vines from seven sweet
potato cultivars. Treatments were arranged in a split plot design with
three replications. The pruning intervals were 80, 90 , 120 and 150 days
after planting as the main-plots and the trimming volume of sweet potato
vine was 25%. Seven sweet potato cultivars (Kuningan Putih, Beta 2,
Kuningan Merah, BIS OP-61, 73 OP-5, BIS OP-61-♀-29 and BIS OP-
61-OP-22) were in the sub-plots and allocated at random. Results
showed that increasing the pruning intervals increased dry matter,
organic matter and crude fiber significantly. However, ash and crude
protein were decreased as the trimming intervals increased. Eter
Extract, fresh yield and dry matter yield were unaffected by trimming
intervals. There were interactions between pruning intervals and sweet
potato cultivars toward crude protein and crude fiber.
Keywords: Nutrient composition, pruning intervals, sweet potato
cultivar, and vines
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Article ID 318
Effects of Combination Garlic Flour (Allium sativum) and Pecan
Oil (Aleurites mollucana) in Feeding to Egg’s Performance and
Quality from the MB 402 Egg-layers
J. R. Leke*, F. N. Sompie, M. Kawatu and M. Telleng
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Province of North Sulawesi 95115, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research purposed to examine effects of combination garlic flour
(Allium Sativum) Pecan oil (Aleurites mollucana) in feeding against the
egg’s performance and quality from the MB 402 egg-layers. Technically,
200 egg-layers of MB 402 were taken as samples in this research.
Complete Randomized Design was utilized for 5 treatments and
repetitions. Each of repetitions contained 8 egg-layers of MB 402. Then,
the treatment used was as follows: P0 = 100 % of Basal Feed (PB), P1=
95% of Basal Diet (BD)+ 4% GF + 1% of pecan oil (PO); P2= 95% of
Basal Diet (BD) + 3 % GF +2 % (PO), P3 = 95% of Basal Diet (BD) + 2
% GF + 3% (PO), P4 = 95 % of Basal Diet (BD) + 1 % GF + 4 % (PO).
Additionally, variables observed comprised of egg’s protein, albumen
protein, cholesterol, and egg shell’s calcium and phosphor. As result,
this research showed that combination garlic flour (Allium Sativum)
pecan oil in feeding up to 1% GF and 4 % PO demonstrated significant
difference (P < 0,01) against egg’s albumen protein, cholesterol, and
egg shell’s calcium and phosphor, but it did not give significant effect (P
> 0,05) against egg’s protein. In conclusion, 1 % GF + 4% of pecan oil
in feeding could improve egg’s albumen protein, cholesterol, and egg
shell’s calcium and phosphor, but not provide similar effect on egg’s
protein.
Keywords: Garlic flour, pecan oil and the MB 402 egg-layers
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Article ID 319
Study of Pasture for Semi-Intensive Cattle Grazing in the Dry
Season in the South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Province
AET. Sulfiar1, BA Atmoko1, B. Guntoro2, IGS. Budisatria3*
1Postgraduate Student in Animal Science at Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, jl. Fauna No.3, Kampus UGM, Bulaksumur,
Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 2 Livestock Socio-Economics Departement, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, jl. Fauna No.3, Kampus UGM, Bulaksumur,
Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 3Animal Production Departement, Faculty of Animal Science,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, jl. Fauna No.3, Kampus UGM, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study aims to know the characteristics and productivity of pasture
for semi-intensive cattle grazing land in South Konawe Regency during
the dry season. The study was conducted in August 2019 (dry season).
A total of 55 selected smallholder farmers in two areas in South Konawe
Regency namely West Ranomento (30) and Konda (25) districts that
kept their cattle by semi-intensive grazing as respondents. Data
obtained by interview to find out the area and characteristic of pasture,
measuring of production by sampling (1x1m) to calculate annual
production. Samples were proximately analyzed at the Faculty of Animal
Science UGM to calculate the dry matter production and the carrying
capacity. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically with
independent sample t-test. The botanical composition in both locations
is highly dominated (> 90%) by field grass. The grazing land ownership
is not different 0.78±0.14 and 0.21±0.04 Ha/farmer respectively. The
results of pasture production between West Ranomento and Konda
District is significantly different (P <0.05) 2.27±0.10 and 1.76±0.05
ton/Ha respectively. Pasture production and carrying capacity indicates
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that conditions in West Ranomento are significantly higher (P <0.05)
compared to Konda District ie fresh forages production of 10.98±2.26 vs
2.17±0.51 ton/year, forages product that can be consumed is 6.59±1.36
vs. 1.30±0.30 ton/year, dry matter production is 1.06±0.22 vs 0.23±0.05
ton/year and carrying capacity is 0.32±0.06 vs 0.07±0.16 UT/year
respectively. It was concluded that the pasture at the study area during
the dry season was very low based on productivity and capacity.
Keywords: Carrying capacity, grazing land, pasture productivity, semi-
intensive system
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Article ID 320
The Appearance of Production of The Fat-tailed Sheep Male
Fattened Using Protected and Unprotected Soybeans Groats at
Various Ratios
J Riyanto*, E. and Sudibya
1Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study aims to determine the effect of the use of protected and
unprotected soybeans groats with a ratio in the fattening ration on the
performance of the male fat-tailed sheep production. Soybeans groats
are protected using a formaldehyde solution of 37% as much as 1% of
the dry matter of soybean groats. The composition of the ration was 30%
elephant grass, 60% basal concentrate and 10% supplement for
protection and without protection soybeans groats. The treatments were
P1 = 25% soybean groats protected and 75% soybean groats
unprotected, P2 = 50% soybean groats protected and 50% soybean
groats unprotected, and P3 = 75% soybean groats protected and 25%
soybean groats unprotected. The design of the experiment used a
Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatment repeated 5 times each
of 1 fat-tailed sheep. The parameters include weight gain, average daily
gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, and feed
cost per gain. The results of the study were the difference in the ratio of
the use of soybean groats protection without protection significantly
affected protein consumption and average daily gain and did not affect
other parameters. The conclusion of the research is the use of protection
and without protection soybean groats ratio of 75%: 25% resulting in
higher protein consumption and average daily gain compared with a
ratio of 25%: 75% and 50%: 50% in the diet of fat-tailed sheep fattening.
Keywords: Production, Male Fat-Tailed Sheep, Fattening, Ration,
Soybeans groats Protected, Soybeans groats Unprotected,
Ratio
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Article ID 321
Consumption and Digestion Evaluation of Nutrient Ration
Containing Protection and Non-Protection Soybean Groats For
Fat-Tailed Sheep Ewe
J Riyanto*, E Oktiaingsih, R Dewanti, and A K Wati
Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in
the ratio of soybean groats protection and unprotected soybean groats
in rations for the Fat-Tailed Sheep Ewe by in vivo. Soybean groats is
protected using formaldehyde levels of 37%, as much as 1% of the dry
mater of soybean groats. Evaluation of nutrient concumption and
digestibility was carried out for 12 days at the end of the study. The
treatment were P1 = 25% soybean groats protected and 75% soybean
groats unprotected, P2 = 50% soybean groats protected and 50%
soybean groats unprotected, and P3 = 75% soybean groats protected
and 25% soybean groats unprotected. The experimental design using a
completely randomized design each treatment was repeated 5 times.
Research parameters include consumption and digestion of dry matter,
organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and crude fat. The results of
the study showed that the different treatment treatments affected the
consumption and digestibility of crude protein and did not affect the
consumption and digestibility of other parameters. The study concluded
that the ration contained protected and unprotected soybeans with a
ratio of 75%: 25% produced the best consumption and digestibility than
the ratio of 25%: 75% and 50%: 50%.
Keywords: Nutrient Consumption, Nutrient Digestion, Ration, Soy
Menier, Formaldehyde Protection, Ratio, Fat-Tailed Sheep
Parent, Inv ivo
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Article ID 322
Effect of Using Different Level Cassava Meal in The Diet on
Performance and Liquid Rumen Profile in Crossbreed Limousine
Bulls
Retnaningrum S1*, Kusmartono1, Mashudi1, Harper K J2, and Poppi D P2
1Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 2School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of
Queensland, Australia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] An experiment was conducted in Indonesia to evaluate the effect of
using cassava meal in the diet at the level of 70, 60, 50, 40 and 30% on
the performance and liquid rumen profile of crossbreed Limousine bulls.
In this trial, thirty crossbred Limousine bulls were allocated to a
completely randomized block design with 6 blocks based on initial body
weight and 5 treatments based on cassava meal level in the diets. The
result of this research shows that the level of cassava meal significantly
affected (P<0.05) cattle performance (nutrient intake, ADG, and FCR)
and liquid rumen profile (pH, NH3 and VFA concentration). Treatment
with 40% cassava meal had the highest nutrient intakes (DM, OM, and
CP) compared to other treatments. The treatment with 70% cassava in
the diet has the lowest growth performance but increased as the
proportion of dried cassava tuber decreased to 40% cassava meal. For
the rumen liquid profile, level of cassava meal in the diet significantly
affected rumen pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations
(P<0.05) but did not have any significant effect on NH3 concentrations
(P>0.05). It was concluded that a high level (>40%) of dried cassava
tuber in the diet reduced nutrient intake and ADG, causing high FCR and
influence for liquid rumen profile.
Keywords: Cassava meal, crossbred limousine bulls, ADG, FCR, rumen
fluid profile
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Article ID 323
Effect of Dietary of Supplementation Mannan-Riched Fraction
(MRF) and Probiotic-Enhanced Liquid Acidifier on the Growth
Performance, Serum Blood Biochemistry, and Intestinal
Properties of Broilers
O.Sjofjan, and D.N. Adli*
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop suitable alternatives
in order to counteract the anticipated drawbacks associated with the ban
of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). The research purpose is to carry
out the possible effect of mannan-riched fraction (MRF) and probiotic
enhanced water as natural growth promoters (NGPs) on performance,
relative organ weight, serum blood biochemistry, intestinal properties,
and intestinal micro flora. A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler
were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments and 4 replicates of 20
birds per cage. four treatments used for research were dietary with
control (T0), basal diet + MRF 80 g (T1), Drinking water + 2 mL/L
combination feed additive (T2), and basal feed + MRF 80 g+ drinking
water 2 mL/L combination feed additive (T3). The results showed that
using mannan riched fraction (MRF) and combination with probiotic-
enhanced liquid acidifier presented significant difference (P > 0.05) on
body weight gain at 1-28 days and intestinal properties. On the blood
biochemistry, the effect of supplementation began to reduce the amount
of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic
transaminase (GPT) at 21 days periods. To sum up, the addition of
mannan-riched fraction and combination with probiotic enhanced liquid
acidifier doesn’t impacted on growth performance, and serum blood
biochemistry but give significant effect on intestinal properties of broiler.
Keywords: Broiler, mannan riched fraction, natural growth promoters,
probiotic
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Article ID 330
Ileal Characteristics of Broiler Fed by “Biacid” (Acidifier And
Essential Oil) as Feed Additive
Irfan H. Djunaidi*, Halim Natsir, Y.F. Nuningtyas and M.Yusrifar
Depart. Of animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of ileal
broiler with the addition of “Biacid” (acidifier and essential oil) as feeed
additive on feed. The material was used 900 DOC broiler with body
avarage 45,34±4,403 g and coefficient of diversity 9,71 % and reared for
35 days. The method that used in the research was experiment with 4
treatments and 5 replications. The feed treatments consisted of P0=
basal feed no “Biacid”, P1= basal feed + “Biacid” 0,075 %, P2= basal
feed + “Biacid” 0,100 %, P3= basal feed + “Biacid” 0,125 %. The
variables measured were villus total, villus high, villus surface area,and
cryph depth. Analyzed data use Analysis of Variant (ANOVA), if there
were significant effect among the treatment therefore it was tested using
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that the
additive “Biacid” had to significant effect (P<0,05) on villus high and
cryph depth, but not significant effect (P>0,05) on villus number and
villus surface area. Theconclution research that is addition 0,075 %
“Biacid” give thebest result from villus total, villus surface area, andcryph
depthatlevel.
Keywords: “Biacid”, broiler, ileal, villus
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Article ID 331
The Utilization Effect of Biacid (Organic Acid and Essential Oil) as
a alternative for Antibiotics on Protein Digestion and Metabolic
Energy in Broilers
Irfan H. Djunaidi*, Halim Natsir , Y.F. Nuningtyas and A.I. Murti
Depart. Of animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research was aimed to evaluate the effectivity of Biacid (organic
acids and essential oils) on protein digestibility and metabolic energy
values both included apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and
apparent metabolizable energy N coreccted (AMEn) in broilers.
Analyzing of samples was conducted in the Nutrition Laboratory, Animal
Science Faculty, University of Brawijaya. The material used was 20
broiler chickens 35 days old of Lohmann strain from PT. Japfa Comfeed
Indonesia, that was taken randomly from 90 chickens which were kept
from DOC, fed by basal feed and Biacid. The treatments of this research
were utilization level of Biacid (combination product of organic acid and
essential oil). The research method was an experiment with a
Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5
replications. They were P0 (basal feed without the addition of Biacid),
P1 (basal feed + 0.075% Biacid), P2(basal feed + 0.100% Biacid), and
P3 (basal feed + 0.125% Biacid). The data was analyzed by analysis of
variance and tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results
showed that the effect of utilization effect of Biacid to protein digestibility,
AME and AMEn value was no significantly different (P >0.05). The
average range value of protein digestibility, AME and AMEn were 60.31
- 73.90%, 3098,72 – 3458,42 and 3040,45 - 3386,11 kkal/kg,
respectively.
Keywords: Organic acid, essential oil, protein digestibility, AME and
AMEn
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Article ID 333
The Effect of Substituting Concentrate with Water Spinach Seeds
(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) Flour on In Vitro Gas Production and
Its Parameters
Mashudi1*, Siti Maulidatul Hasanah2, Achmad Rizki Satriyo2, Kusmartono1
1Lecturer of Animal Nutrition Department, Animal Science Faculty,
Brawijaya University 2 Student of Animal Nutrition Department, Animal Science Faculty,
Brawijaya University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Concentrate is feed supplement given to animal to meet the nutritional
needs. However, the price of concentrate is expensive and therefore it
is needed alternative feed that can substitute concentrate. Water
spinach seeds (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) in term of expired and
damaged seed having good in quality and cheap. The objective of this
research was to know the effect of substitution of concentrate with water
spinach seeds flour on in vitro gas production and its parameters. The
materials used were ruminant concentrate, water spinach seeds flour
and Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The research method
was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 3 replications.
Collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with
Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The treatments were T0 = 50%
elephant grass + 50% concentrate, T1 = 50% elephant grass + 45%
concentrate + 5% water spinach seeds flour, T2 = 50% elephant grass
+ 40% concentrate + 10% water spinach seeds, and T3 = 50% elephant
grass + 35% concentrate + 15% water spinach seeds. The result of the
research showed that the water spinach seed flour gave no significant
effect (P>0,05) on total gas production, ruminal dry matter digestibility
(DMD) and organic mater digestibility (OMD) and estimated ME and NE.
It is concluded that there is a tendency that the best treatment is T1 in
term of gas production and estimated ME and NE. However the best
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treatment that can be applied by farmers is T3 in terms of economics
point of view.
Keywords: Concentrate, water spinach seeds flour, in vitro total gas
production, ruminal digestibility, estimated ME and NE.
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Article ID 336
Effect of Substitution the Fish Meal with Shrimp Head Waste
Fermented in Diet on Broiler Performance
Mirzah, Montesqrit, E Fitrah and A Choirul
Departement of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang 25163,
Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The experiment aimed to investigate effect of fish meal (FM) substitution
with the shrimp head waste fermented (SHWF) in diet on broiler
performance. The SHWF is the shrimp waste fermented with Waretha
inoculum containing Bacillus amyloliquefacie bacteria. The materials
used for this experiment were 100 day-old-chick (doc) Arbor Acres CP-
707 strains unsexed. The experiment was arranged in Completely
Randomized Design in five treatments and four replications with five
chicks each. The broilers were randomly assigned in five different level
of SHWF as substitution of fish meal in ration. The treatments were 0 %
substitute (R0), 5 % FM substitute with SHWF (R1), 10 % FM substitute
with SHWF (R2), 15 % FM substitute with SHWF (R3), and 20 % FM
substitute with SHWF (R4) respectively. The result of this experiment
indicated that feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio,
carcass percentage and percentage abdoment fat were nosignificantly
(P > 0.05). The conclusion of this experiment is that substitution FM with
SHWF until 20% in broiler diet can maintain performance broiler. In this
treatment, were the consumption of 2428.28 grams / head, body weight
gain 1330.07 g/head, feed conversion ratio of 1.82; body weight 1383.17
g, the percentage of carcasses was 73.86%, carcass fat was 2.67% and
percentage of abdoment fat was 1.92%.
Keywords: Broiler, fish meal, shrimp head waste, fermented,
substitution, performance
127
Article ID 337
The Use of Cassava Peel as a Source of Energy for Substituting
Rice Bran in Ration Containing Gliricidiamaculata Leaves in Dairy
Cows
Fauzia Agustin, Erpomen and Febri Santika
Departemen of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objectives of this research are (1) to obtain an alternative feed; (2)
to determine the best level of using cassava peel in ruminant ration to
substitute rice bran in term of nutrients intake, digestibility of nutriens,
and milk yied; (3) to get ration formulation for lactating dairy cows using
cassava peel. The cattle that be used in this study were 4 Frisian Holtein
dairy cows aged 5 years with a body weight of 400kg. This research
was conducted using the Latin Square Design 4x4 which comsist of 4
treatments (ration). The ration was prepare with a ratio of forage and
concentrate 55:45. The treatmen was the use of cassava peel as
follows: T1= 0% Cassava peel; T2=3% Cassava peel;T3=6%Cassava
peel; T4=9% Cassava peel.The result showed that there is no
significantly different (P>0.05) on nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility
and milk yield. It can be concluded that the cassava peel can be used
indairy cattle ration up to 9% with the value of dry matter intake 13.29 kg
day-, organic matter intake 12.59 kgday-, crude protein intake 1.97 kg
day-, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were
71.75%, 73.62% and 73.67% respectively. and milk yield was 8.64 kg.
Keywords: cassava peel, rice bran, dairy cow
128
Article ID 352
The Effect of Addition White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus
ostreatus) Flour in Feed of Laying Hens Performances
M. Halim Natsir1*, M. Ilham Toyib W2
1Lecturer of Animal Husbandry Faculty, University Brawijaya, Malang. 2 Student of Animal Husbandry Faculty, University of Brawijaya,
Malang
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Pleurotus
ostreatus flour with different concentrations on production
performances. The research materials were 240 Hy-line laying hens with
the age of 32 weeks. The method used in this study was experiment in
a Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 5 replications.
The treatments were included feed without an addition of Pleurotus
ostreatus flour (P0) as negative control treatment, 0,2% addition with
Zinc Bacitracin (P1) as positive control treatment, and addition of
Pleourotus ostreatus flour of 0,3% (P2); 0,6% (P3); 0,9% (P4); 1,2%
(P5). Variables observed were feed intake, Hen Day Production, egg
mass, egg weight, feed conversion, and Income Over Feed Cost. The
data was obtained from six tests are processed with the help of Microsoft
Excel, after an average of data obtained, followed by statistical analysis
was using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). If the obtained were
different results or significant, the followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range
Test (DMRT). The results showed that the additional of Pleurotus
ostreatus flour in feed have significantly effect (P<0,05) on the egg
weight and highly significant (P<0.01) on Income Over Feed Cost of
laying hens even brought negative value, but no significantly effect
(P>0,05) on feed intake, Hen Day Production, egg mass, feed
conversion. From this research has recomendation of addition Pleurotus
ostreatus flour on feed as a subtitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoter
(AGP) in level 0.6%, it has been known to have the best result in egg
weight and Income Over Feed Cost.
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Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus flour, Hy-line, Laying Hens, Production
performance, Antibiotic Growth Promotor (AGP)
130
Article ID 358
Effect of (Leucaena leucocephala) Leaves as Tannin Source on
Rumen Microbial Enzyme Activities and In Vitro Gas Production
Kinetics
M M P Mahanani, A Kurniawati, C. Hanim, M.A. Anas, and L M Yusiati*
1 Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 3, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Leucaena leucocephala has become one legume most commonly used
in ruminant feeding practices and which contains CT with potential to
reduce CH4 emissions, improve feed protein utilization. This study was
aimed to determine the effect of L. leucocephala leaves as a tannin
source on rumen amylase, CMC-ase, β-glucosidase, protease activity
and kinetic of gas production. The study began with tannin protein-
binding capacity evaluation. The levels of L. leucocephala leaves which
used were 0%, 10%, and 25%. Feed fermentation was conducted using
Menke and Steingass gas production technique for 48 hours. Kinetic of
gas production was analyzed using the Fit Curve programme. Data
obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and continued by
DMRT. The results of this study showed that the tannin protein-binding
capacity was 1.2680 mg BSA/mg DM of L. leucocephala leaves.
Amilase, CMC-ase, β-glucosidase, and protease activity decreased
significantly (P<0.01) at 10% and 25% L. leucocephala. Gas production
from soluble fractions (a) was not affected by the treatment. Gas
production from the potentially degraded fraction (b) decreased
significantly (P<0.05) at 10% and 25% L. leucocephala. The potential
extent of gas production (a+b) decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 25%
L. leucocephala. The gas production rate (c) increased significantly
(P<0.05) at 25% L. leucocephala. Inclusion up to 25% of L. leucocephala
leaves in the diet reduce rumen hydrolytic enzymes activity, the soluble
and the potentially degraded fraction (a+b) and gas.
Keywords: Tannin, lamtoro, enzyme activity, amylase, protease, CMC-
ase, β- glucosidase, gas production kinetics.
131
Article ID 359
Methane Production and Methanogens Diversity in In Vitro
Ruminal Fermentation with Mahogany Leaves Meal (Swietenia
mahagoni) as Tannin Source
C Hasanah, A Kurniawati*, L M Yusiati, Muhlisin and Z Bachruddin
Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Swietenia mahagoni has been extensively studied and applied as feed
additives, a strategy to manipulate rumen fermentation in reducing
methanogenesis. The research aimed to determine the effect of using
Swietenia mahagoni as tannin source on methane production, gas
production kinetics and the diversity of methanogenic archaea by in vitro
rumen fermentation. Swietenia mahagoni was given to substitute the
elephant grass at levels of 0, 25, and 50%. Fermentation was carried
out by in vitro gas production technique according to Menke and
Steingass. Methane was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)
methode. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP)
analysis was used to detect changes of rumen methanogenic archaea
diversity. Result showed that Swietenia mahagoni leaves with level 50%
reduced methane production by 39,26% (P=0,08). Gas production from
insoluble fraction (b) decreased as much as 47,23% from control with
using Swietenia mahagoni leaves 50%. The uncultured methanoculles
was dominating community member 36.35% with MspI, while
Uncultured euryarchaeote clone is 80.24% MCR-F1SP-1 with TaqI.
Inclusion of Swietenia mahagoni as much as 50% in diet could decrease
methane production, gas production from potential degraded fractions
and diversity of methanogenic archaea.
Keywords: Tannin, swietenia mahagoni, methane, rumen methanogens
diversity, T-RFLP
132
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND
BREEDING
133
Article ID 204
Scrotal Circumference and Body Weight Correlate with Sperm
Quantity of Bali Bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination Center
R. Indriastuti1, M.F. Ulum1, I. Arifiantini1, E. Memili2, B. Purwantara1*
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java 16680, Indonesia
2Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, 4025 Wise Center Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi
39762, USA
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Bali cattle are one of the native cattle breeds in Indonesia potentially to
be developed as a meat producer. The objective of this study was to
analyse the correlation between body weight and scrotal circumference
and sperm quantity of bali bulls. To accomplish this objective, primary
and secondary data of Bali bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination (AI)
Center, Bali from 2017 to 2019 were used in this research, consisted of
scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW), volume (Vol) and sperm
concentration (SCon) (n= 9 bulls in productive age). Total Number
Sperm (TNS) was calculated using the value of Vol and SCon. The data
were analysed statistically using Correlation Pearson Square and
continued by Simple Linear Regression to predict the The result showed
that SCon, Vol and TNS were not significant affected by BW and SC
(P>0.005). BW had low positive correlation with SC (0.296), very low
positive correlation with Vol (0.049), very low negative correlation with
SCon (-0.089) and medium positive correlation with TNS (0.427).
Moreover, SC showed low negative correlation with SCon (-0.202), very
low negative correlation with Vol (-0.028) and low positive correlation
with TNS (0.286). In conclusion, BW showed positive correlation SC, Vol
and TNS, but showed a negative correlation SCon. SC had positive
correlation with TNS but they showed negative correlation with Vol and
SCon of Bali bulls. BW and SC could not be used to predict SC, Vol,
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SCon and TNS precisely. Sperm quantity can be used to predict sperm
production per year.
Keywords: Bull, scrotum circumference, body weight, volume, sperm
concentration
135
Article ID 206
Evaluation of Friesian Holstein Bulls Fertility in Lembang and
Singosari Artificial Insemination Center Using West Java
ISIKHNAS Data
Z N A Rosyada1, L I Tumbelaka1, M F Ulum1, T Harsi2, E Herwiyati3, E Memili4 and B Purwantara1*
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga,
Bogor, 16680, Indonesia 2Lembang Artificial Insemination Centre, Lembang 40391, Indonesia
3Singosari Artificial Insemination Center, Malang 65153, Indonesia 4Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State
University, 4025 Wise Center Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Friesian Holstein bull (FH) is one of dairy cattle in Indonesia. It is
important to increase the production of dairy cattle to meet the need for
milk consumption. The way to develop is through artificial insemination
(AI). This study was aimed to evaluate the FH bull fertility by calculating
the percentage of first service conception rate (%FSCR) of FH bulls in
Lembang and Singosari AI Center using ISIKHNAS data in West Java
for the year 2017 until 2018. The data included in this study after editing
consisted of AI data (n=141176) and service records as well as
pregnancy diagnosis information (n=98120). The study showed that the
FH bull semen spread in West Java mostly from Lembang and Singosari
AI Center. The fertility rate can be grouped into high fertile (HF), and low
fertile (LF) level and also divided into two groups based on the number
of AI services. The %FSCR of FH bulls semen that used for AI <1000
services in Singosari 64.29% as HF level; 22.22% as LF level, while in
Lembang had 74. 03% as HF; 21.15% as LF level. Then, the AI> 1000
services in Lembang had %FSCR is 61.61% as HF level; 35. 28% as LF
level. While Singosari had 63.11% as HF level; 33.78% as LF level. In
conclusion, the FH bulls in Lembang and Singosari AI center had the HF
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of the %FSCR is about 53.13 until 74.03%. It is needed the more
accurate assessment through genomic analysis to get the biomarker of
HF bulls as a suggestion to improve the FH breeding cattle.
Keywords: Bull, Friesian Holstein, fertility, first service conception rate
137
Article ID 208
Effect of Sericin Supplementation in Collection Medium on Bovine
Oocyte Nuclear Maturation
F A Satrio1, N W K Karja1, M A Setiadi1, E M Kaiin2, M Gunawan2, E Memili3, and B Purwantara1*
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga,
Bogor, 16680, Indonesia 2Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911,
Indonesia 3Departement of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State
University, 4025 Wise Center Box 9815, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Sericin is a water-soluble globular protein derived from silkworm
Bombyx mori and has the competency as an antioxidant. This study was
conducted to examine the effect of sericin supplementation in the
collection medium on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation. Sericin with
different concentration (0 (control), 0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 1%) was added to
collection medium and maturated for 24 hour at 38.5 ºC in 5% of CO2
air. Matured oocytes were stained with acetic-orcein and determined the
oocyte nuclear stage under a stereomicroscope. After in vitro
maturation, 74-87% of oocytes were reached nuclear maturation
(metaphase II). The maturation rates of oocytes were significantly higher
at 0.1% group (87.7%) (P<0.05) compared to other groups. There was
no significant differences were observed between control group (74.6%),
0.5% group (79.4%), and 1% group (78.3%) (P>0.05). These findings
showed that supplementation of 0.1% sericin in the collection medium
improved the nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes.
Keywords: Bovine, collection medium, in vitro, oocyte nuclear
maturation, sericin
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Article ID 209
Mutation Identification in the Myostatin Complete Sequence in
Indonesian Kampung Chicken
I Khaerunnisa1*, Jakaria2, II Arief2, C Budiman2, C Sumantri2, YS Kim3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bandung Raya University, Jl. Banten No 11, Bandung 40272, Indonesia
2Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB
Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences,
University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Kampung chicken, an Indonesian native chicken, has a potential for
meat producers to improve national food security, as well as supplying
highly favored meat to Indonesian consumers. To improve the meat
production of Kampung chicken, selection at the genomic level could be
a promising approach. Myostatin is well known as a negative regulator
of skeletal muscle growth. The objective of this study was to identify DNA
mutation in the complete sequence of myostatin gene in Kampung
chicken. Genotyping was performed in 6 Kampung chickens by PCR
and direct sequencing using 24 primer pairs covering 8.3 Kb of
myostatin complete sequence. Result showed that a total of 95
mutations discovered in myostatin gene, including 24 mutations in
promoter, 1 mutation in 5’UTR, 5 mutations in exon 1, 19 mutations in
intron 1, 37 mutations in intron 2, 1 mutation in exon 3, and 8 mutations
in 3’UTR. Among all mutations, 93 mutations were classified as point
mutation, and 2 mutations were classified as indel. A total of 88 of 95
mutations (92%) were novel mutations. Six point mutations were found
in the coding region, including 5 SNPs in exon 1, 1 SNP in exon 3, and
no mutations in exon 2. No amino acid changes within all SNPs in coding
region. Further studies in a larger population are needed to confirm this
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potential and novel mutations and their association with growth and
meat production of Kampung chicken.
Keywords: Myostatin, complete sequence, mutation, Kampung chicken
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Article ID 217
In Vitro Fertilizing Capability of Frisian Holstein Bull Sperm after
Long-Term Storage in Liquid Nitrogen
Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja1*, Nur Alif Bahmid2, Iis Arifiantini1
1Division of Reproduction & Obstetric, Department of Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB
University (Bogor Agricultural University) 2Biology of Reproduction, Graduate School, IPB University (Bogor
Agricultural University)
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Frozen storage of semen in liquid nitrogen is assumed be able
guarantees sperm functionality indefinitely. However, the fertility of those
sperm still necessary to be evaluated. In vitro fertilization is potentially
one of the methods for assessing sperm fertilizing ability in vitro.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro
fertilizing capability of FH frozen semen after long-term storage to
validate the fertility of the sperm. Frozen semen was produced during
period from 1993 to 2017 and stored in the liquid nitrogen at the AI
center. Sample semen were divided into 5 groups of storage, the group
semen of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 25 years was produced on 2017, 2013, 2008,
2003, 1998, and 1993 respectively. The fertilizing capability of sperm
was analyzed by in vitro fertilization using the procedures as practiced
in our laboratory. The capability of sperm to fertilize the oocytes was
recorded based on the formation of pronucleus. The fertilization rate
were 50.96±2.1, 54.62±8.7, 64.18±13.5, 58.74±5.6, 48.73±3.1, and
50.65±9.5 % for group of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 25 years respectively with no
significant different among the groups (P>0.05). The incidence of
polyspermy also was found did not differ among the groups (P>0.05). In
conclution, long term storage of sperm in liquid nitrogen did not affect
the fertilizing capability of the FH bull sperm. It is possible to use in vitro
techniques to predict the fertility of frozen semen before used for AI.
Keywords: Bull, IVF, sperm, long-term storage
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Article ID 220
Liquid Semen Quality of PO Cattle Supplemented Red Fruit Oil
(RFO) in Ringer Lactate - Egg Yolk at 5oC
Nurcholis1*, D. Muchlis1, D. Fangindae2
1Lecturer in Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture, Musamus University, Jl. Kamizaun Mopahlama, Merauke 99611, Indonesia.
2Office of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health, Jl. Pertanian, Merauke 99615, Indonesia.
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The use of Papuan red fruit as a supplement to the extender is one
solution to the high price of raw material extenders. This study was
aimed to analyze the effect of the use diluents supplemented with red
fruit oil (RFO) in various levels against the quality of PO cattle semen
during the storage of equilibration temperature. The research was
conducted in the Animal Health Laboratory of Semangga District. The
design used was a complete randomized designof 4 treatments and 4
replications. This study used 4 diluent treatments, ie P0 = ringer lactate
egg yolk (RL-EY), P1 = (RL-EY + 0.1 ml RFO), P2 = (RL-EY + 0.3 ml
RFO) and P3 = (RL-EY + 0.5 ml RFO). Semen collected by artificial
vagina, shortly after the semen storage is evaluated macroscopically
and microscopically. The results showed that there were significant
differences in motility between P0 diluents with P1, P2 and P3 for 1, 3
and 5 days at a storage temperature of 5oC. The difference is significant
between P1 and P3, but between P1 and P2 there is no significant
difference. Red fruit oil supplemented in an extender can maintain
spermatozoa motility above 60%.
Keywords: Red fruit oil, po cattle semen, equilibration
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Article ID 227
The Effect of Cryopreservation Method to The Quality of Bovine
Cumulus Cells Primary Culture
E. M. Kaiin1*, S. U. Azalia2, M. Gunawan1, G. E. Wijayanti2
1Research Center for Biotechnology Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Bogor km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
2Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Jl. dr. Suparno 63, Purwokerto 53122, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Cumulus cells are employed as nucleus donor in Somatic Cell Nuclear
Transfer (SCNT) technology. This present study was aimed to find a
suitable method for cryopreserving cumulus cells derived from primary
cell culture to provide donor cell stock. The freezing temperature was
made at three levels: -20°C, -80 °C, and -196 °C (liquid nitrogen), while
cryopreservation was performed with the aid of cryoprotectants (CPs)
made from 10% Ethylene Glycol (EG) or 10% Dimethyl Sulfoxide
(DMSO) in Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffer Saline (DPBS) + 20% New
Born Calf Serum (NBCS) medium. The results showed that neither the
freezing temperature, cryoprotectants nor their interaction had
significant effects on the cell concentration (p>0.05). Freezing the cells
at -20°C significantly was evidenced to reduce efficiency of the viability
compared to those treated at -80°C and -196°C (p<0.05). The highest
cell viability efficiency was obtained from the cell preserved at -196°C
using 10% DMSO. The regression test showed that the decrease in
temperature led to the increase in viability efficiency. In conclusion,
cumulus cell primary culture can be cryopreserved in temperature of -
80°C and -196°C with CPs of 10% DMSO or 10%EG.
Keywords: Cryopreservation, EG, DMSO, cumulus, cell culture
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Article ID 230
The Recovery Rate Of Simmental Bull Frozen Semen Of Post
Thawing By Using Tris Dilution With Different Egg Yolks
Yose Hendriyanto, Yendraliza*, Dewi Ananda Mucra, Zumarni, Muhammad Rodiallah
Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan, Universitas Islam Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Jl. HR. Soebrantas KM 15 Panam, Pekanbaru 28293 -
Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of
broiler, duck, and quail egg yolks in Tris dilution to the quality of
Simmental cow semen. Cement used in this study used cement
Simental Cattle originating from the Regional Technical Implementation
Unit of the Artificial Insemination Center (UPTDBIB) of Tuah Sakato,
Payakumbuh. The design used in this study was a completely
randomized design (CRD) of three treatments with ten replications. The
first treatment using 80 ml of tris fructose with 20 ml of egg yolk came
from broiler chicken. The second treatment using 80 ml of tris fructose
with 20 ml of egg yolk comes from ducks. The third treatment using 80
ml of tris fructose with 20 ml of egg yolk comes from quail. The
parameters observed in this study were motility, abnormality, a
percentage of life, intact plasma membrane, and recovery rate of
spermatozoa. The results of this study showed that the use of different
egg yolk thinners gave a significant effect (P <0.01) in maintaining
motility values, life percentage, intact plasma membrane, recovery rate
and value of Simmental cow spermatozoa abnormalities. Conclusion:
the use of duck egg yolk in Tris dilution was able to maintain the quality
of Simmental frozen semen with motility values (43.00%), abnormalities
(13.33%), percentage of life (45.17%), intact plasma membranes (54.67
%), and Recovery rate (57.33%).
Keywords: Abnormality, intact plasma membrane, motility, percentage
of life
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Article ID 236
Conception Rate of Artificial Insemination Using Liquid Semen
with Different Diluent in Ongole Crossbred Cow
T Susilawati*, N Isnaini, Kuswati, A T Satria, A N Huda, A P A Yekti
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Artificial Insemination using liquid semen is needed for areas where
there is no liquid nitrogen and the high price of liquid Nitrogen and
equipment for storing frozen semen. The purpose of this study was to
determine the success rate of Artificial Insemination using Frozen
semen and liquid semen on different diluents in cattle Ongole crossbred.
The research method used was Field experiment design. The material
used was 81 Ongole Crossbred cows. Each treatment was 27 head.
Control was T0 = 27 Cows in AI use frozen semen, T1 = 27 Cows in AI
uses Liquid semen with CEP-3 + 10% egg Yok diluter and T2 = 27 Cows
in AI use Liquid semen with Tris Amino methan + 20% egg Yok diluter.
Cows were selected by purposive sampling which was normal
reproduction and showing normal signs of estrus. AI methods was
Recto vaginal method with 4+ semen deposition (Uterus Position). The
parameter observed were Non Return Rate and Conception rate. The
pregnancy determination using the per rectal palpation method. The
results showed that the value of NRR-1, NRR-2 and NRR-3 in T0 =
81,48%, 81,48% and 81,48%; of T1 = 81,48%, 81,48% and 70,37%
while T2= 96,30%, 88,89% and 81,48%. Whereas the Conception rate
was at T0,T1 and T2 = 62,96%, 51,85% dan 59,26%. In conclusion, the
success rate of liquid semen AI using CEP-3 + 20% egg yolk diluent and
Tris Aminomethan + 20% egg yolk gave the same effect compared to AI
using frozen semen.
Keywords: Conception rate, non return rate, Ongole crossbred
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Article ID 244
Evaluation of Potentials BoerPE Production Based on Performans
Crossbreed and Genetic Analysis
Inggit Kentjonowaty*, Nurul Humaidah, Farid Wadjdi, Sri Susilowati
Animal Science Study Program, Animal Husbandry faculty of University Islam Malang
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Development of Cross breeding models is an alternative to increasing
livestock productivity in a relatively fast time with satisfactory results.
Value added productivity is expected from the influence of heterosis.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the production potential of BoerPE
Crossbred from Boer Goat and PE through Production performance
observations and genetic analysis. The research method was
descriptive and laboratory analysis. The material were 10 month old
BoerPE male. The Observed parameters were productivity performance
and genetic analysis of meat potensial. The results of genetic
performance of weaning weights and body weight gain were analyzed
by Genstat software while genetic analysis used Fluorophore. The
results obtained were weaning weights of 13.63 3.76 and body weight
gain for 10 months was 11.75 2.06, while the genetic potential of meat
was 39.84%.
Keywords: Evaluation, production, genetic, BoerPE Goat
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Article ID 246
Genotyping and Chi-Square Analysis of 967 bp Leptin Gene in
Bligon Goat
T. Hartatik1*, Latifah1, R. Yuliana1, D. Maharani1, and A. Kustantinah2
1Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadajah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science,Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Leptin gene have contribution to affect the economical function in
livestock such as growth rate and reproduction. Deficiency Leptin gene
in mammal can be influence the obesity, diabetes and fertility. This
research aim to identify the genetic marker related to growth and
reproduction base on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Leptin gene as
a basic data for genotyping in Bligon goat. Thirty blood sample of Bligon
goat have been eaxtracted for DNA analysis. Design primer with 967 bp
target sequence of Leptin gene was performed by alignment from seven
Genbank. The primer was used to determine the Leptin gene by
amplifying the target sequence using Polimerasi Chain Reaction method
with Genbank Acc. No. AM114397.2 as a template. The sequencing
result show three single nucleotide polymorphism at position g.864C/T,
g.1170G/A, dan g.1454G/A. We found two genotypes at every locus.
Genotype CC at locus g.864C/T have greater amount then genotype CT.
The same result was also for genotype GG at locus g.1170G/A, and
g.1454G/A have higher number the genotype AG. The chi-square
analysis show that the population of Bligon goat still in genetics
equilibrium with the value X2=0,04. Frequency of allele C (0.97) and
allele G (0.97) at Bligon goat population was higher than allele T (0.03)
and alel A (0.03). Therefore the result of this research was potential to
be used as genetic marker for the future research. Association of the
genotype of Leptin gene with growth and reproduction trait can be the
next agenda research in Bligon goat.
Keywords: Leptin, SNP, genotype, chi-square, Bligon goat
147
Article ID 248
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Sex Determining Region-Y
Gene Coding Sequences in Belgian Blue Bull and Wagyu Bull
Crossbred Cattle
Tety Hartatik1*, Sigit Bintara1, Ismaya Ismaya1, Panjono Panjono1, B.P. Widyobroto1, Ali Agus1, IGS. Budisatria1, Pascal Leroy2
1Faculty of Animal Science, UGM, Jl. Fauna No.3 Bulaksumur 55281, Indonesia,
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Crossbreeding using exotic bulls have been developed widely in
Indonesia. Y-chromosome markers have high value for the evaluation of
paternal genetic and phylogeny history. The aim of this study was to
investigate the coding sequence polymorphism of SRY gene in
crossbred cattle using Belgian Blue Bull and Wagyu Bull. Polymerase
chain reaction method was used to amplify the target sequence 690 bp
of SRY gene coding sequences. Then, direct DNA sequencing with
forward primer was performed to identify the single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) differences between individual sample. The results
of the alignment coding sequence of SRY gene from four GenBank data,
Brahman cross cattle, Belgian Blue Bull Cross and Wagyu Bull cross
revealed that there are 21 SNPs variation. Six SNPs out of 21 SNPs
(29%) was synonimous and 15 SNPs out of 21 SNPs (71%) was change
the amino acid (non-synonimous). Eight out of 21 SNPs (38%) were
transition mutation and 13 SNPs out of 21 SNPs (62%) were
transversion mutation. Crossbred cattle using Brahman cross cow with
Belgian Blue Bull and Wagyu Bull show the SNP at position 1707T→G
(transversion mutation). This SNP change the amino acid from
Phe(TTT) to Cys(TGT). Thus, the result can be used as molecular
marker for indentifying the paternal lineage of crossbred cattle which
recently develop in Indonesia.
Keywords: Belgian Blue bull, Wagyu Bull, Brahman Crosse, single
nucleotide polymorphism
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Article ID 265
The Association of Prolactin Gene Polymorphism with Egg
Production Traits in Alabio and Mojosari Ducks
Dyah Maharani1*, Isti Damayanti2, Sri Sudaryati3
1Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Pelaihari Tanah Laut Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
3Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Prolactin affects egg production in duck as it induces broodiness and
promotes follicles development. The objective of this study was to
investigate the association between polymorphism of prolactin gene and
egg production traits in Alabio and Mojosari Ducks. Genomic DNA were
isolated from 111 blood samples (51 Alabio and 60 Mojosari). PCR and
sequencing were performed to identify polymorphisms and genotype of
the animals. Data record of the ducks including body weight at 16 weeks
of age and at first egg, age of first egg, average weight of three first
eggs laid and egg number laid up to 3, 6 and 12 months production were
collected. Data were analyzed using independent sample T-Test. The
result showed that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were
detected in exon 5. SNP C-5796A and SNP T-5817C were found to have
association with egg number laid up to three months (P<0,005). The
CA/TC genotype had higher egg number than CC/TT. This suggested
that SNP C-5796A and SNP T-5817C could be potential markers for
marker assisted selection for increasing egg number in duck.
Keywords: Duck, prolactin gene, snp, egg production
149
Article ID 270
Polymorphism of β-Defensin Genes of Holstein-Friesian Cows
Associated with Mammary Gland Health
Nina Herlina* and Ari Sulistyo Wulandari
Research Center for Biotechnology – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jalan Raya Bogor Km.46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 16911
*Corresponding email: [email protected] β-Defensin in bovine had known as antimicrobial peptide group with a
broad spectrum activity. The defensin peptide found abundant in
neutrophils and epithelial cells including in mammary gland. The
objectives of this research are to identify and to evaluate β-defensin
gene associated with mammary gland health. Blood samples were
obtained from lactated cows located from several farm in Bogor. The
research consisted of two main activities including collecting blood and
laboratory examination which carried out through amplify genomic DNA
fragments β-defensin using polymerase chain reaction-restriction
fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Genetic diversity
of β-defensin gene amplimer was cut using restriction enzymes TaqI.
The result showed that there were three genotypes (CC, CT and TT)
and two alleles (C and T) with C allele was dominant in all populations.
The frequency of C and T alleles was 0.849 and 0.151, respectively. No
significant differences were found between the observed and expected
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies of genotypes. Therefore,
based on these results, polymorphism of β-defensin gene could not yet
be used as genetic marker to select dairy cattle with increased
resistance to infection of the mammary gland. Other defensin genes
need to be apply to assisted breeding programmes in accordance with
mammary gland health.
Keywords: Defensin gene, Holstein-Friesian dairy cow, Polymorphism
150
Article ID 277
Age-dependent Changes in Fresh Semen Quality of Swamp
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
N Isnaini1*, T Harsi2 and W R Zamani1
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Lembang Artificial Insemination Center, Jl. Kayu Ambon, Bandung 40391, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fresh semen quality of
swamp buffalo raised in Lembang Artificial Insemination Center with
respect to different age. The semen was collected from one swamp
buffalo bull at three different stages (5, 6, and 7 years old). The
evaluation of semen quality was conducted directly upon collection.
Semen color, consistency, and mass sperm motility were analyzed
descriptively, while semen volume, pH, sperm concentration and
individual sperm motility were analyzed using analysis of variance
followed by least significant difference test. The results showed that the
dominant physical characteristics of swamp buffalo’s semen were milky
white color with moderate consistency and fast mass sperm motility (++).
There was a highly significant effect (P<0.01) of age on semen volume,
sperm concentration, and individual sperm motility, whereas semen pH
was not affected (P>0.05) by age. Swamp buffalo had higher (P<0.01)
semen volume and sperm concentration at 7 years old, but with lower
(P<0.01) individual sperm motility as compared to 5 and 6 years old. In
brief, this study reveals that semen production of swamp buffalo is
dependent of age with 7 years old become the most superior age.
Keywords: Age, semen, swamp buffalo, quality
151
Article ID 285
Specific Primer Design of COI Gene and Its Potential Application
for Species Identification of Meats
T. Khoirinisah, A. Fadhila, T. Wibowo, L.R. Kartikasari, M. Cahyadi*
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan, Surakarta 57126,
Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Cytochrome oxidase I gene, COI, is known as a mitochondrial gene
encoding cytochrome oxidase I protein. The aim of this study was to
design specific primers for bovine, chicken, and porcine and its
application for species identification containing in raw meats using PCR.
A set of specific primers has been designed using primer3. A universal
forward primer and three specific reverse primers have been
synthesized and the PCR technique has been carried out to test their
specificity using a DNA template extracted from three meat species, i.e.
bovine, chicken, and porcine. The PCR condition was optimized with
similar annealing temperatures at 64oC. The PCR product was then
visualized using a 2% agarose gel under the UV light and sequenced to
know its nucleotides. The results showed that primer pairs were perfectly
working to amplify specific target sites for bovine, chicken, and porcine.
They were indicated by 263 bp for bovine, 596 bp for chicken, and 168
bp for porcine. Besides, sequence analyses showed that they were a
hundred percent similar to reference species. This result suggested that
the primer set of COI genes designed in this study may be a powerful
tool to identify species in meats using multiplex-PCR.
Keywords: COI, specific primer, meat, species identification
152
Article ID 290
Acrosome Integrity Examination of Post-thawed Spermatozoa
from Several Ongole Grade Bull in Indonesia using Giemsa
Staining Method
K D Prihantoko1, F Yuliastuti2, H Harniati2, A Kusumawati3* D T Widayati4, A Budiyanto3
1Postgraduate Study Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 2Undergraduate Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 3Department of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 4Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal
Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The acrosome integrity of spermatozoa is one important indicator that
can determine the success of fertilization. The purpose of this study was
to evaluate the quality of acrosome integrity of Ongole Grade Bull post-
Thawed spermatozoa from several Artificial Insemination Centers (AIC)
in Indonesia using the Giemsa staining method. This study used 60
straw samples from 6 PO cattle aged 6 to 8 years, healthy and normal
reproductive organs obtained from 3 different Artificial Insemination
Centers (AIC) in Indonesia. Evaluation of spermatozoa acrosome
integrity using Trypan Blue - Giemsa (TBG) staining and Giemsa
staining combined with fixation using methanol. The results showed that
the motility (43.60 ± 1.65%) and viability of spermatozoa (55.75 ± 1.83%)
of ongole grade bull in BIB A was higher than in other BIB (P<0.05). The
results of the acrosome integrity of ongole grade bull of BIB A were also
higher than other BIB (P <0.05) with a percentage of 76.84 ± 1.57%
using giemsa staining. Spermatozoa acrosomes can be evaluated using
TBG staining or giemsa staining. However, TBG is more complex and
requires a long time to get the expected results. While Giemsa staining
153
combined with fixation using methanol is a simpler method and does not
require a long time to get satisfying results.
Keywords: Tannin, swietenia mahagoni, methane, rumen methanogens
diversity, T-RFLP
154
Article ID 309
Animal Model Approach to Estimate the Genetic Parameters of
Milk Yield from Imported Holstein Cows Reared under Tropical
Condition
Nada Mahfudhoh1, Subiakti3, A. Masykur1, Adi Ratriyanto1,2, Sigit Prastowo1,2, and N Widyas2*
1Postgraduate Program of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University,
Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. 2Department of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir.
Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia. 3Dairy Cattle Breeding Center, Baturraden, Kemutug Lor, Kabupaten
Banyumas, Central Java 53151, Indonesia.
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Indonesian dairy cattle population were mostly consisted of imported
Holstein cows and their descendants. Remarkable difference between
their earlier and later environments (countries) shown to affect the milk
yield. We aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of milk yield during
three lactation periods of the Holstein cows imported to Indonesia from
2012 to 2015. The data were pedigree and milk yield records
standardized for 305 days from three consecutive lactations were
collected from Baturraden Breeding Centre central java (BBPTU-HPT
Baturraden). In total 3104 cows were recorded and their lactation
information were analyzed using bivariate animal models with Restricted
Maximum Likelihood (REML) method. Heritability value for lactation one,
two and three were 0.70±0.12, 0.17±0.11, 0.12±0.38 respectively. The
phenotypic correlations among lactation were consistent on around
0.30. The low heritability values in lactation two and three followed by
low genetic correlation coefficients among lactations showed that only a
small portion of these traits are heritable.
Keywords: Holstein cows, tropical, genetic parameters, animal model
155
Article ID 325
Effect of Different Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Levels on the
Sperm Viability of Ongole Cross Bred Bull during 5oC Storage
A. Rachmawati1,2*, Ismaya2, B. P. Widyobroto2, S. Bintara2, T. Susilawati1
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya - Malang
2Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Yogyakarta
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Improving the productivity and genetic quality of local cattle, especially
Ongole Cross Bred (known as PO) is applied through Artificial
Insemination (AI). The success of AI must be supported by semen
quality. Semen processing at 5oC can cause sperm membrane damage
resulting in decreased semen quality, especially the viability of sperm.
This results in reduced sperm fertility at the time of fertilization with the
ovum. Viability is an important indicator for cold semen processing. The
use of semen diluents, Cauda Epididymal Plasma-2 (CEP-2), has been
shown to be able to maintain semen quality during storage at 5oC. The
addition of BSA as an extracellular cryoprotectant supported the function
of egg yolk in CEP-2 to prevent cold shock during storage. This study
used fresh ejaculate of PO bull with a minimum requirement of 80%
viability. The ejaculate was diluted by CEP-2 with BSA level 0; 0.2; 0.4;
0.6; 0.8 and 1%. The diluted ejaculate was stored for eight days at 5oC.
The results showed that the viability of sperm fluctuated in line with the
length of storage at each level of BSA. Significant influence of BSA on
sperm viability occurred at storage day 4 (83.29+3.53)% at 1% level and
day 8 (89.36+2.65)% at 0.2 % level (P <0.01). The conclusion was the
BSA 0.2% level maintains the highest viability of sperm during eight days
of storage. Suggestion for further research was the need for research
on motility and abnormality as a support for the successful processing
of liquid semen.
Keywords: Local cattle, artificial insemination, ejaculate, membrane,
extracellular cryoprotectant
156
Article ID 327
Effect of Green Bean Sprout and Acidifier Supplementation on
Fertility, Survival Rate, and Egg Weight of Native Chicken
M. Nur Ihsan* dan Nonok Supartini
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The aim research is to analyze the effect of green bean sprout and
acidifier supplementation on fertility, survival rate and egg weight of
native chicken with in feed. This research done in 50 days, from July to
August, 2019. Research use 12 months of age native chicken, consist
of 24 rosters with average body weight (2,29 ± 0,23) kg and 96 hens with
average body weight (2,24 ± 0,25) kg. Elite rosters have choosen from
minimum 40% of fertility category. Factorial design used which own feed
formulated with 17% level of crude protein with 48 hours germination of
green bean sprout and acidifer supplementation. Supplementation level
of green bean sprout are 0% and 1,8%, and supplementation level of
acidifer are 0%; 0,6%; and 1,2%. Rosters and hens grouped into 24
groups of mating with 1 roster and 4 hens proportion, then fed by
treatment feed in 15 days. Semen were collected from all rosters by used
teaser female method with artificial cloaca, and directly artifical
inseminated to all hens which were on their group. Each egg from groups
were collected everyday within 5 days, then put into incubator, which
were repeated twice used second incubator within 2 days after first
incubator operated. Data collected and analyzed by anova, and
continued with Tukey test, if there were significantly impact. The result
showed non significantly increased of fertility level, survival rate and egg
weight. It is mean that feed treatment did not gave direct effect to this
research parameters, but likely implicated to semen quality which were
inseminated. It is recomend to increase level of green bean sprout and
acidifier supplementation in feed.
Keywords: Native chicken, green bean sprout, acidifier, and artificial
insemination
157
Article ID 329
Strategy for Improving Production Performance and Preservation
of Madura Cattle
Suprih Bambang Siswijono* and Priyo Sugeng Winarto
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Research on strategies to improve the production performance and
preservation of Madura Cattle aims to formulate a strategy for Madura
Cattle farming management. The study utilized survey method. Data
were collected by interview, participatory observation and
documentation. The survey results showed that farmers had a negative
perception of production performance and they believed that cross-
breeding was the best way to improve the appearance of Madura Cattle.
Documentation of the study proofed that an important step had been
taken by the government in the preservation of Madura Cattle with the
establishment of institutional preservation of Madura Cattle. However,
the institution for preservation of Madura Cattle only tends to regulate
Madura cattle farmers’ obligations without regulating the rights of these
farmers. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the
institutional preservation of Madura cattle has developed significantly,
especially on their efforts to preserve Madura cattle. The result of this
study suggested that the establishment of a policy of regulating cross-
breeding patterns and the determination of economic incentives were
needed as an alternative to the institutional development of Madura
Cattle conservation.
Keywords: -
158
Article ID 332
The Natural Increase and Output of Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus
bubalis) in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Indonesia
Agus Budiarto1*, Gatot Ciptadi1, Moch Nasich1, and Fatich2
1Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University, 2Postgraduate Student Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this research was to find out the natural increase number
output of Swamp Buffalo in Banyuwangi Regency, East Jawa Indonesia.
This research was conducted in 3 subdistricts. The research material
used was 122 breeders or farmers with a total number of 384 buffaloes.
The method used surveys. Variable observed in this study is
reproduction performance, the structure of the population, mutation,
percentage of births and mortality rates, service per conception (S/C),
conception rate (CR), anestrus postpartum (APP), and days open (DO).
Data obtained are tabulated with Microsoft Excel of the average, the
standard of deviation, and then was analyzed with descriptively. The
results showed that the average value of the calving interval was 16.39
± 0.42 months, Anestrus Postpartum was 4.78 ± 0.39 months, Service
Per Conception was 1.3 ± 0.07, Conception Rate (CR) was 70.26 ±
8.30%, Days Open was 5.82 ± 0.35 months, output was 15.10% and the
natural increase (NI) value of swamp buffalo in Banyuwangi Regency
was 16,93%. It was concluded that the amount of increasing the natural
number of Buffalo in Banyuwangi Regency is a low category, and out of
balance with the number of Buffalo that comes out of breeding.
Keywords: Population structure, reproduction, births, Buffalo, natural
increase
159
Article ID 334
Natural Increase in Kacang Goat with Semi Intensive Maintenance
System in Sawohan Village Buduran District Sidoarjo East Java
Wike Andre Septian, Rina Fauziah, Kuswati, Awang Tri Satria, Suyadi
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Kacang goat is one of the local genetic source in Indonesia which has
great potential to be developed. Until now, the supporting information to
support the development of kacang goats is still limited, so it lacks
support for development of kacang goats as local breed. One of the
efforts to find supporting information is to find out the structure
population, population dynamics and natural increase of kacang goats.
This study was conducted to find out the data of the structure population,
population dynamics and natural incerase in kacang goats with semi-
intensive maintenance system in Sawohan Village, Buduran Sub Distric,
Sidoarjo City. This research used 893samples of 2500 total population
of kacang goats. This research used survey metode with direct interview
used questionnaire that given to the owner of kacang goats. The
variables that evaluated are structure population, population dinamics
and natural increase of kacang goats. The data were analized
descriptively. The result of this research showed that the highest
stucture population was in adult female goat population (34,49%), the
population dinamics 26,98% in birth rate and 15,11% in death rate while
the natural increase was 11,87%. This result showed that the value of
the natural increase was low and it is suggested to be more intensive in
good maintenance of kacang goats to increase birth rate and reduce
mortality rate.
Keywords: Kacang goat, natural increase, structure population,
population dinamics
160
Article ID 342
The Decreasing of Quality Liquid Semen Using Four Months
Storages of Tris Aminomethan and CEP-3 Diluents
Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti*, Wahyu Dwi Cahyo, and Trinil Susilawati
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this research was to evaluate the decreasing of
Limmousin liquid semen quality using four months storages of Tris
Aminomethan and Caudal Epididymal Plasma (CEP-3) diluents. This
research was conducted at Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of
Animal Science, University of Brawijaya. The material used was fresh
semen of Limousin bull which was collected in artificial insemination
center Singosari. The method used was experimental laboratory with
two treatments and 10 replications including T0 (Tris Aminomethan +
20% Egg Yolk) and T1 (CEP-3 + 10% Egg Yolk). Data was analyzed by
using t-paired test. The result showed that Tris Aminomethan + 20% Egg
Yolk gave the best result in percentage of motility, viability and
abnormality. The individu motility of T0 was higher (27,3±1,4) than T1
(26,8±2,4). The percentage of viability on T0 was higher (60,5±1,1) than
T1 (60,0±3,0), while the percentage of abnormality was lower (13,9±0,4)
than T1 (14,4±2,6). In conclusion after 4 months storage of diluents, Tris
Aminomethan + 20% Egg Yolk gave the best treatment in motility,
viability and abnormality in liquid semen.
Keywords: Tris Aminomethan, CEP-3, Motility, Viability, Abnormality
161
Article ID 347
Phenotype of Sonok Type in Madura Cattle Breeding Development
Area, Pasean District, Pamekasan Regency, Madura Island
Kuswati*, Wike Andre Septian, and Muhammad Anugrah Ramadhan
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study was to analyze qualitative and quantitative
traits as phenotypes of Sonok Cattle in Pasean District. Sample used
were 238 heads of Sonok Cattle which have aged based on permanent
incisor growth (PI). Case study method in the field was used for this
study by observing qualitative and quantitative traits of Sonok cattle. The
random sampling technique was used for sampling procedure. The
qualitative traits of Sonok PI2 and PI4 was appropriate with Indonesian
National Standard No. 7651:2:2 (2013). The overall qualitative traits
showed that Sonok cows have brownish yellow to dark brown body
color, faint white color around the eyes, feet and butt, the black spot on
the muzzle, lips, eyelids, earline, backline and at the point of tail. The
qualitative data also showed that Sonok cows have crescent month-
shaped horn, short-folded wattle and tiny hump.The quantitative data of
Sonok cattle which standard approriate as Madura Cattle breed were
16.38 % of class 1, 15.54% of class 2 and 18.48 of class 3. The Madura
Cattle breeding development area in Pasean, Pamekasan Madura
Regency was suggested for increasing the livestock quality, both
qualitatively and quantitatively to comply Indonesian National Standard
(2013) and It colud be Sonok cattle superior breed.
Keywords: Sonok Cattle, qualitative, quantitative traits
162
Article ID 365
Phenotypic Characteristic of Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro Sub
District, Lumajang Regency
Tri Eko Susilorini*, Ahmad Furqon, Aswah Ridhowi, Ali Murtadho, Nanda Dwi Putra, Jisril Palayakun
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang
65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study was to evaluate phenotypic characteristic of
Doe Senduro Goat in Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency. The
material was 122 doe Senduro goat which consist of 8-12 months, > 12
– 18 months, > 18 – 24 months, and > 24 months. The method used in
this research was a survey which consisting of observation and direct
measurement in the field for Length of Body (LB), Height at Withers
(HW), Chest Girth (CG) and Length of Ear (LE). Doe Senduro goat has
white colour in whole body, long ears and convex face profile. LB of doe
Senduro goat base on the age 8-12 months, > 12 – 18 months, > 18 –
24 months, and > 24 months were 68±3.8 cm, 76±6.2 cm, 80±2.2 cm,
82.5±5.3 cm respectively. While, HW was 74.4±4.5 cm, 76±7.2 cm,
77±5.4 cm, 78±4.0cm respectively. CG was 79.2±2.2 cm, 79.4±5.4 cm,
84.2±7.2 cm, 87.2±4.2 cm and for LE was 31.4±1.2 cm, 32.1±3.2 cm,
34.2±2 cm, 35.2±3.0 cm respectively.
Keywords: Senduro goat, phenotypic characteristic, statistic vital
163
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY
164
Article ID 213
Sensory Property and Benzo(a)Pyrene (Bap) Level in Se’i
Processed from Cull Bali Cow Meat
Gemini E.M. Malelak*, Maria R. Deno Ratu, Gusti A. Y. Lestari, Imanuel Benu, I Gusti N. Jelantik
Faculty of Animal Science, Nusa Cendana University Jl. Adisucipto
Penfui, Kupang NTT, Indonesia 85001
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate effect of using meat
obtained from cull Bali cows differing in body condition score (BCS) on
sensory property and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) level on se’i (Rotenesse
smoked beef). Completely randomized design (CRD) 3x3 with factorial
pattern was assigned for this experiment. The first factor was body
condition score (BSC): BSC 2, BSC 3 and BSC 4. The second factor
was smoking method (SM): open smoking method (OSM); closed
smoking method (CSM) and liquid smoked method (LSM). Each
treatment consisted of 3 replications. Parameters measured were
aroma, taste, tenderness and benzo(a)pyrene content. The data of
aroma, taste, tenderness were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test
followed by Mann-Whitney test. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) content was
presented as the average of each treatment. Results showed that se’i
that processed from BCS 4 and added liquid smoke possessed higher
score on taste and tenderness than other treatments. Smoking methods
or BCS did not affect se’i aroma. Benzo(a)pyrene content of se’i that
smoked with closed smoking method (CSM) was 0,0052 ppm, whereas
in open smoke method (OSM) the benzo(a)pyrene content was 0,0018
ppm and in liquid smoke method (LSM) was 0,0028 ppm. In conclusion,
se’i made from meat of cull Bali cows with BSC 4 and added liquid
smoke produce se’i with the best organoleptic quality and contains the
lowest level of benzo(a)pyrene.
Keywords: Body condition score, smoking method
165
Article ID 221
Influence of Body Condition Score on Carcass Characteristics of
Cull Bali Cows
I G. N. Jelantik*, I. Benu and G. E. M. Malelak
Faculty of Animal Science, The University of Nusa Cendana Jl. Adisucipto Penfui, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia 85001
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of body condition
score (BCS) on dressing percentage and carcass characteristics of cull
Bali cows. As many as 12 Bali cows weighing 185 to 237 kg with body
condition 2, 3 and 4 (n=4) assigned as BCS2, BCS3 and BCS4
respectively were slaughtered at the faculty slaughter house. Weight of
noncarcass parts (skin, blood, fluck, offal, hide and head) were
recorded. Hot carcass was weighed and fabricated into lean, fat and
bone of each sub-primal cuts. Results showed that the percentage of
non-carcass did not differ (P>0.05) among BCS and neither its parts.
Dressing percentage of cull Bali cows was improved (P<0.05) from 48%
in BCS2 to 58% in BCS3 and BCS4. Front legs and rib was highest in
BCS4, meanwhile hind legs did not differ among BCS. Total lean meat
cut was significantly increased (P<0.05) from 36.84% in BCS2 to 40.63
and 41.12% in BCS3 and BCS4 respectively. Meat from hind quarter
and rib were highest in BCS3 but tender loin was highest in BCS4.
Carcass fat percentage, however, was also significantly increased
(P<0.05) in BCS4, while bone was comparable among BCS. It can be
concluded that although carcass and precious primal cuts were higher
in cows with BCS 4 but theexcessive degree of carcass fatness made
slaughtering cull Bali cows is optimal at body condition score less than
4.
Keywords: Cull bali cows, dressing percentage, primal cuts, meat, fat,
bone
166
Article ID 264
The Effect of Incubation Period in Medium Waste of Pleurotus
ostreatus and Auricularia auricular
Jamila, M. F. Latief*, K. Warta
Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The availability of waste media growing mushrooms not utilized because
of the unknown nutritional and mineral content. This study was aimed to
analyze content of Nitrogen (N), Phospor and Calium (K) medium waste
of Pleurotus ostreatus and Auricularia auricula at different incubation
period. The experimental design in this study was a complete
randomized design (CRD) factorial role consist of two factors. There
were two mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus and Auricularia auricular) as
first factor, and incubation periode (1-4 month) as second factor. The
measures variable were nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), Calium (K) of
Medium Waste. Data were testing using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The content N, P, and K in medium waste of Pleurotus ostreatus higher
than the content N, P, and K in medium waste of Auricularia auricular
at 2-4 incubation period. In conclusion, The incubation period gave effect
to mineral content in medium waste of Pleurotus ostreatus and
Auricularia auricular, and its medium waste can be use as feritlizer.
Keywords: Fertilzer, incubation period, mineral, mushroom
167
Article ID 283
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Concentration Level on
Physicochemical Properties of Fermented Goat Meat Dendeng
L. E. Radiati*, A. K. Umam, A. Susila, A. A. Thoifi
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This research aimed to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum
on the manufacturing process of fermented goat meat dendeng. The
Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four
replication was applied to determining the moisture content, water
activity (AW), protein content, dissolved protein content, and protein
profile as physicochemical quality indicators. The level of Lactobacillus
plantarum used was 0 ml Lactobacillus plantarum (T0), 0.3 ml
Lactobacillus plantarum (T1), 3 ml Lactobacillus plantarum (T2), and 30
ml Lactobacillus plantarum (T3), respectively. The research result was
analyzed with SPSS for windows 16 then continued by Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test. The significant result (P<0.01) was showed on Aw
value 0.61 – 0.70, moisture content 44.24 – 46.65%, protein content
31.98 – 38.70%, and dissolved protein content 3.55 – 4.21%. While
Protein profile of molecular weight ranged from 16.69 to 143.54 kDa that
showed an unreadable protein band on T0, six protein bands (T1), seven
protein bands (T2), and eight protein bands (T3), respectively.
Keywords: Fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, moisture, protein, water
activity
168
Article ID 293
Physical Characteristics of Synbiotic Fermented Milk Enriched
with Inulin at Room Temperature as Functional Drinking Products
Manik Eirry Sawitri1*, Masdiana C Padaga2, Abdul Manab1
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Functional drinking products have been well known to provide health
promoting affects which surpassed the basic nutrient requirement, and
is closely related to the human wellbeing. The present study was
conducted to evaluate the characteristics of synbiotic fermented milk
enriched with inulin at room temperature in terms of emulsion stability,
emulsion activity and color characteristics. The fermented milk was
enriched with 2% inulin (K1) and compared with fermented milk without
fortification (K0). The results showed that 2% inulin incorporation at
isoelectric point, significantly increased the emulsion stability, color L*
and b* (P<0.05) but did not effect the emulsion activity and color a*
(P>0.05) compared to K0. The results also indicated that the addition of
inulin produced brighter color intensity (L*, a* and b*). It was concluded
that 2% inulin incorporation can improve the physical characteristics of
synbiotic fermented milk at room temperature which will support
consumer acceptability of the functional drinking product.
Keywords: Inulin, synbiotic fermented milk, functional drinking product,
emulsion stability
169
Article ID 304
Anti-Obesity Effect of Synbiotic Yoghurt in High Fat Diet Induced
Wistar Rats
Ria D A*, P P Rahayu, M W Apriliyani, M E Sawitri, A Manab, P Purwadi, A R Azkarahman
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang
65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The prevalence of obesity which tends to increase is also known to be
one of the triggers for various degenerative diseases. The main reason
for obesity is an unbalanced lifestyle. One solution that can be applied
in overcoming the problem of degenerative diseases is by consuming
functional food such as probiotics. Probiotics are mostly familiar in
fermented products, especially milk-based products as well as yoghurt.
This study uses yoghurt added with sweet potatoes containing
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Streptococcus salivarius subsp
thermophilus as a starter culture. This study aims to determine the effect
of giving synbiotic yoghurt towards body weight’s decrease in wistar rats
fed under a high-fat diet. In this study, 24 wistar rats were grouped into
4 treatment groups particularly P1 (control); P1 (by giving yoghurt with a
dose of 1 ml); P3 (1.5 ml); and P4 (2.5 ml). The treatment is carried out
for 3 weeks and weighing is done every week. The results showed that
the treatment group had the ability to reduce body weight significantly (p
<0.05) compared to the control group.
Keywords: Yoghurt, synbiotic, anti-obesity
170
Article ID 314
Characteristics of Casein-Chitosan Edible Coating and Its
Preservative Effect in Meat during Accelerated Storage
M W Apriliyani*, P P Rahayu, R D Andriani, A Manab, P Purwadi, M E Sawitri, and D T Utama
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang
65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Meat is one of perishable food that should be handled hygienically to
preserve its quality. Edible coating containing antibacterial agent can be
used for preserving meat by providing a barrier against microbial
contamination. The objective of this study was to compare the
effectiveness of edible coating made from casein-chitosan (CC) and
casein-chitosan modified (CCM) on preserving the quality of meat during
accelerated storage test. The coating solutions were characterized in
terms of their composition (carbohydrate, protein, fat, moisture content,
pH, Aw, and antioxidant capacity) in order to optimize coatings
composition, then applied to the meat for accelerated storage test for
24, 120, 216, and 312 h at 7°C. The carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash,
moisture content, pH, Aw, and antioxidant capacity of CCM edible
coating was different with those of CC edible coating. In addition, CCM
edible coating showed better preservative effect in meat during
accelerated storage than CC edible coating. Therefore, CCM edible
coating could be used to preserve meat.
Keywords: Edible coating, food safety, meat, microbiological quality,
shelf life
171
Article ID 335
Physicochemical Quality and Organoleptic Properties of
Commercial Beef Meatballs in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia
D Rosyidi*
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The objective of this research was to determine the physical, chemical
and organoleptic properties of commercial beef meatballs obtained from
five different districts; Klojen, Sukun, Blimbing, Lowokwaru and
Kedungkandang, in Malang city. Randomized complete design was
used with seven random samples obtained from each district. The pH,
water-holding capacity (WHC), elasticity, protein, moisture and fat
content of the samples were analyzed. Organoleptic quality variables
including color, aroma, flavor, and texture were observed. The results
showed that there were no significant differences found on all variables
among five districts. The pH, WHC and elasticity ranged from 6.17 to
6.32, 66.77% to 72.23%, and 20.14 N/m² to 20.55 N/m², respectively.
The moisture, fat and protein content ranged from 73.81% to 74.76%,
4.19% to 5.71%, and 12.38% to 14.28%, respectively. The acceptance
on color, aroma, flavor and texture ranged from 3.17 to 3.97, 3.02 to
4.68, 3.68 to 4.28, and 3.27 to 4.41, respectively. These suggest that
the physicochemical quality and organoleptic properties of commercial
beef meatballs in five different districts in Malang city were comparable.
Keywords: Beef meatball, quality assessment, traditional food
172
Article ID 356
Egg Yolk Biometric Color Measurement with TCS230 Color
Sensor and Arduino Microcontroller
Agus Susilo* and Herly Evanuarini
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The egg yolk color, whether in chickens or other poultries, is often used
as a determining factor for the egg quality. Aside affected by the given
feed, the egg yolk color would indicate any harms which occurred in the
egg, e.g. the fading color of egg yolk indicates spoilage. The egg yolk
color measurement is done to obtain the biometric data. Biometric
(derived from the Greek with bios means life and metron which means
to measure) in general is the study of measurable biological
characteristics. In the world of information technology, biometric relates
to the technology of authenticated physical and human behavior
analysis. The measurement of egg yolk quality requires a fast and
convenient device which provides precise and accurate results. The
widely used egg yolk color measurement is by using TCS230 color
sensor which converts the scanned color into frequencies to be
processed further by microcontroller. The microcontroller will convert the
obtained frequency to be presented in the form of values/numbers.
Arduino is the commonly used microcontroller, in this study we observe
and compare the result of egg yolk color measurement by using TCS230
color sensor with Arduino microcontroller to the egg yolk color standard.
The study was conducted as laboratory experiment with two research
stages: (1) Sensor and microcontroller production followed with
hardware testing; and (2) Software testing. The results showed that the
TCS 230 sensor with Arduino microcontroller had similar result with the
current standard. The study thus concludes that the TCS230 color
sensor with Arduino microcontroller can be used to determine the egg
yolk color.
Keywords: Biometric scanner, egg yolk color, arduino, TCS 230 color
sensor
173
Article ID 361
The Quality of Low Fat Mayonnaise using Banana Peel Flour as
Stabilizer
Herly Evanuarini* and Agus Susilo
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Low fat mayonnaise has disadvantage of having low stability, this is due
to decrease dispersed phase and increase aqueous phase. The use of
a stabilizer is needed to improve the quality of low fat mayonnaise. The
use of banana peel flour is to add the value of low fat mayonnaise. The
objective of this research was to observe the quality of low fat
mayonnaise by using banana peel flour as a stabilizer. The research
method used an experiment using a completely randomized design. The
research treatment were use of various percentage of banana peel flour
(1%, 3%, 5%) which will be compared with a control (without banana
peel flour) with 4 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using
analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s multiple range
test. The results showed that the use of banana peel flour gave a
significant difference in pH, highly significant difference with acidity and
moisture content and gave no difference to the sensory evaluation of low
fat mayonnaise. The use of banana peel flour can increase the stability
of the emulsion and can be acceptable. The conclusion of the study
using 1% banana peel flour produced good quality of mayonnaise.
Keywords: Low fat mayonnaise, stabilizer, banana peel flour
174
ABSTRACTS OF ANIMAL AGRIBUSINESS
175
Article ID 201
Level Adoption of Feed and Organic Fertilizer Technology Based
on By Products of Oil Palm Plantation Industry in Lamandau
District, Central Kalimantan
Bambang Ngaji Utomo1* and Ermin Widjaja2
1Indonesian Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Jalan RE. Martadinata 30 Bogor 16114,
2Indonesian Assessment and Development Institute for Agricultural Technology, Jalan. Tentara Pelajar No.10, Bogor 16114
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The main problem of livestock raising is feed, for that reason, the
government issued an policy about integrated livestock farming with
plants/plantations especially oil palm which has the potential to produce
feed resources. The activity was carried out in Lamandau District,
Central Kalimantan Province. The objective of the research is to know
the level of adoption of complete feed technology based on by-products
of the oil palm plantation industry and organic fertilizer in order to initiate
the activities of palm oil - cattle integration. A total of 10 farmer groups,
3 individuals and 1 UPT of Agriculture services were became
cooperators. The assessment of the level of adoption is done through
interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and field monitoring, which
are classified into 3 criteria, namely low (0.0 - 33.3%), moderate (33.4 -
66.7%) and high (66.8 - 100%). Introduction of technology and
accompaniment activities were carried out for 3 years. The results of this
study showed that in the first year only 1 farmer group adopted feed and
organic fertilizer technology. The second year the level of adoption of
cattle feed was 33.33% with the range production of 5-20 tons/month,
solid organic fertilizer 33.33% with the ring production of 3-20
tons/month and liquid organic fertilizer (biourine) 33.33% with the range
production of 1,000-4,000 liters/month. The third year, the adoption level
respectively for cattle feed is 100% (high level) with the range production
of 1-20 tons/month, 100% (high level) solid organic fertilizer with the
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range production of 1-20 tons/month and 33.33% (moderate level) liquid
organic fertilizer with the range production of 1,000-4,000 liters/month.
The conclusion is the adoption of feed technology was greater, followed
by organic fertilizer and finally liquid fertilizer technology. This is related
to how important is its use in the field. Commitment of local government
and PBS of palm oil is needed to help easily and continuously obtain
feed and fertilizers materials of palm oil mill byproduct and facilitating
marketing of their products.
Keywords: Adoption of technology, farmer groups, feed, organic
fertilizer, oil palm
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Article ID 215
Concept "Cooperative Farming" as Business Development
Strategy Model of Native Chickens in Province North Sulawesi in
Indonesia
Jolanda K.J. Kalangi*, Anneke K. Rintjap and Jolyanis Lainawa
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Livestock farming business in Province of North Sulawesi is still done by
traditional-extensive way, this condition that makes the productivity of
native chickens to meet the needs of market demand is very low. Where
the potential condition of the local area to be develop with agribusiness
approach. The purpose of this research is to find the right strategy
management model for the development of native chickens
agribusiness. The concept that is instrumental in strategy management
analysis is the "cooperative farming" model that empowers farmers in
rural areas with social engineering strategies, economic engineering,
technological engineering and value-added engineering. The research
method is qualitative case study with descriptive analysis approach, and
three stages of formulation. The results of the study are about 80 percent
of farmers in the Province North Sulawesi still maintain an extensive
traditional maintenance system because it feels the system is the safest
and comfortable and not at risk of threat of loss. The recommended
strategies for agribusiness development are market penetration, market
development, product development, backward integration, forward
integration, and horizontal integration.
Keywords: -
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Article ID 247
An Investigation on Barriers toward Acceptance of Integrated-
Farming between Paddy and Beef Cattle in Greater Surakarta
Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo*, Eka Handayanta2, Aqni Hanifa, Ayu Intan Sari, Shanti Emawati, Endang Tri Rahayu
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The study investigates the barriers that occur in the diffusion of
integrated-farming paddy and beef cattle among farmers in greater
Surakarta. The second purpose is to examine the influence of barriers
toward integrated-farming acceptance among farmers. The study was
conducted with quantitative methods to examine the barriers toward
acceptance of integrated-farming implementation. Quantitative
methodology used in this study was survey through distribute
questionnaires into respondents. The study uses descriptive statistical
data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation
modeling (SEM). In order to provide a better model on the acceptance
of integrated farming, this study applied Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM). This study has been able to collect 310 usable questionnaire
data from paddy farmers in 6 regencies of Greater Surakarta area were
Klaten, Boyolali, Sragen, Karanganyar, Sukoharjo and Wonogiri. The
data was analyzed using the software LISREL 8.8 to examine the
influence of barriers to the acceptance of integrated farming. The study
revealed the factors that significantly influence the acceptance of
integrated farming were production barriers, knowledge barriers,
government barriers and economic barriers. The study showed the
influence of those barriers toward TAM constructs were perceived ease
of use, perceived usefulness and perceived intention to use of organic
farming.
Keywords: Barriers, farmers, integrated farming, quantitative research,
technology acceptance model
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Article ID 255
The Level of Farmers Participation in the Business Partnership
System of Beef Cattle (Teseng) at Kahu District, Bone Regency
ST. Rohani1*, AR Siregar1, TG Rasyid1, M Aminawar1, M Darwis2
1Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University. 2Center for Research and Development of Democracy, Conflict,
Culture and Humanities Institute for Research and Community Service (LP2M) Hasanuddin University. Street Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10,
Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
*Corresponding email: [email protected] One effort that can be done to help farmers in developing beef cattle
business in Kahu district is to do a teseng system that requires farmer
participation so that the run can run well. The study aims to determine
the level of farmer participation in the business partnership system of
beef cattle (teseng). The research method used is descriptive. The
number of samples was 50 farmers with simple random sampling
techniques. Data collection was carried out through interviews and focus
group discussions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The
results showed that the level of farmer participation in the partnership
system of beef cattle (teseng) which consisted of the planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the Teseng system was in
the high category.
Keywords: Participation, farmers, partnership systems, beef cattle
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Article ID 256
Goat Farmers Behavior on Complete Feed Use in Jeneponto
Regency, South Sulawesi Province
TG Rasyid1*, ST. Rohani1, M Aminawar1, M Darwis2
1Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University. 2Center for Research and Development of Democracy, Conflict,
Culture and Humanities Institute for Research and Community Service (LP2M) Hasanuddin University. Street Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10,
Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
*Corresponding email: [email protected] One solution to increase the daily body weight of goats is to improve the
quality of feed by utilizing agricultural and plantation wastes into
complete feed with high nutritional value. This study aims to determine
the behavior of goat farmers on the use of complete feed. The sampling
technique was carried out by simple random sampling on 75 farmers in
Tamalatea District, West Bangkala District, and Bontoramba District.
Data collection was done through interviews and FGD using the Likert
scale on each measured variable, namely 1 = disagree, 2 = doubt, 3 =
agree which was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results
showed that determinants of farmers behavior were based on variables:
(1) attitude factors with indicators, namely relative advantage, flexibility,
reliability, complexity, and observability; (2) subjective norm factors with
indicators, namely the role of the family, the role of other farmers, the
role of community leaders, the role of government, the role of information
media; and (3) behavioral control factors with indicators, namely the
availability of raw material resources, availability of labor resources,
knowledge and skills, time, initial experience, triability, compatibility, and
risk are in the agreed category.
Keywords: Farmer behavior, goat livestock, complete feed
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Article ID 257
Participation of Farmers in Extension of Beef Cattle Farming in
Barru District, Barru Regency
Amrullah1*, TG Rasyid1, M Aminawar1, M Darwis2
1Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University. 2Center for Research and Development of Democracy, Conflict,
Culture and Humanities Institute for Research and Community Service (LP2M) Hasanuddin University. Street Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10,
Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
*Corresponding email: [email protected] One of the efforts to maintain and develop beef cattle farming is
extension. Extension has an important role in the development of
farmers. Extension is expected to lead to changes in the knowledge,
attitudes, and skills of farmers so that they are able to raise livestock and
try better and more profitable livestock. This study aims to determine
the level of participation of farmers in extension of beef cattle farming.
The sampling technique was carried out by simple random sampling of
90 cattle farmers in ten villages in Barru District. Data collection was
carried out through interviews with the help of questionnaires analyzed
using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the level of farmer
participation in beef cattle farming counseling was in the high category
at the level of planning and implementation, while at the evaluation level
it was in the medium category.
Keywords: Participation, farmers, extension, beef cattle
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Article ID 298
Financial Performance of Small-Scale Layer Farming in Malang
Regency Indonesia
Nanang Febrianto*, Budi Hartono, Hari Dwi Utami, Bambang Ali Nugroho
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang
65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research was conducted at Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia
to understand the amount of small-scale income obtained by layer
farmers. The research was conducted from January 6 to February 7,
2017. The method used was a survey method. The total sample was
109 respondents determined by purposive sampling method with the
consideration of farmers who breed laying a layer of 1000-5000 for at
least 3 years. The collection of research data consisted of primary data
and secondary data. Data were analysed using an input-output
approach and descriptive analysis. The result showed that the average
production cost of small-scale laying layer was IDR. 105,333,267 per
month while the average revenue is IDR. 113,953,351 per month. The
average income obtained by small-scale layer chicken farmers is IDR.
8,620,084. Moreover, the obtained R/C ratio was 1.1, thus the research
concludes that the layer farming practice in Malang regency is
categorized feasible.
Keywords: Income, layer, small-scale
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Article ID 312
Factors Affecting the Women’s Labour Participation at Home
Industry of Rambak Crackers in Tulungagung Regency
Kusumastuti, A.E.*, Ningsih, U.W, and Astuti, A.W.
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This research was conducted at the village of Sembung, Tulungagung
subdistrict, Tulungagung Regency from November - December 2017.
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the
woman’s labor participation at home industry of rambak crackres in
Tulungagung Regency. Around 75 females staff and 30 owners of home
industry were selected as respondents by purposive sampling. The
research method used was survey method. Data were collected by
survey, observation, and direct interviews by using structured
questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using multiple regression and
quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results showed that the
distance and wages were significantly influence the level of labor woman
participation. The value of coefficient determination was around 0.669.
It means that the contributions effect of X variable to Y was 66.9%. It
can be concluded that the variable of distance and the number of wages
were gave significant effect on women's labor participation rate.
Keywords: Participation, women labour, home industry of rambak
crackers
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Article ID 315
Analysis of Beef Cattle Business Stakeholders Based on the
Farmer's Viewpoint in Ringinrejo District, Kediri Regency with the
Social Network Method
J.A.Putritamara*, Z.Fanani, MB.Hariyono and N.P.Sari
Socioeconomics Department, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research aims to analyze the role of beef cattle stakeholder based
on participation in communication and structure of the communication
network based on the interests and roles of the actors. Actors involved
include farmers, broker, agency local area farms and slaughterhouses
selected by snowball sampling. Data analysis used UCINET 6,682 which
an open source software specifically for analyzing communication
network patterns. The results showed the highest in degree value
88.889% for communication between farmers relating to the
development of beef cattle business, which means the role of farmers in
this communication was high and the highest out degree value of
66.667% was related to communication between the party and and
services to farmers, which means the farmer communication network
structure with broker was high. The lowest in degree value was 33,333%
related to the distribution of information among farmers, it means that
between farmers has no effective communication in delivering new
messages about business development and the lowest out degree value
22,222% with the source and information of communication material
development of beef cattle, which means the farmers' communication
network with stakeholders were limited because farmers limit
themselves, especially with the livestock service.
Keywords: Cattle, communication, farmers, stakeholders, social
network
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Article ID 357
The Supply Chain Analysis of Duck Meat In Madura Island, East
Java, Indonesia
Nanang Febrianto, Budi Hartono*, Alditya Putri Yulinarsari
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study aims to determine and analyze the value-added in the duck
meat supply chain at Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. The
respondents in this study were duck farmer, intermediate trader,
supplier, fried duck restaurant and consumers. The primary data were
obtained through a survey method by using structured questionnaire
which consisted of information flow, material, and financial information
along with the supply chain. The secondary data were provided by
related institution. The method used in this study was survey method
with purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The obtained data were
then analyzed with quantitative descriptive analysis to analyze the value
added by following Hayami’s method. The results showed that there
were 2 channels in the meat duck supply chain at Madura Island.
Moreover, the highest value added ratio was found in duck famers in
channel I (73%) compared to other actors in the supply chain.
Keywords: Meat duck, supply chain, value added
186
Article ID 366
BEP and MOS of the Pullet Farming Partnership Scheme at
Malang, Indonesia
Hari Dwi Utami* and Oktavia Vera Madalena
Social Economic Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Brawijaya University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The pullet farming was well-growing in line with the increasing its
demand. However, the pullet farming might become less favourable
venture since they had long harvest time (three months) than those of
the layer farming. This phenomenon become attractive to deeply explore
the farm profitability and efficiency of this farm. The research was
conducted at Turen and Gedangan sub-district of Malang Regency, East
Java Povince of Indonesia. The study aimed to investigate the
profitability and efficiency the pullet farming especially Break even Point
(BEP) and Margin of Safety (MOS) perspective. There were 23 pullet
farmers that divided into three scale including scale 1 (controlling 4000-
11,667 birds; n =14), scale 2 (having 11,668-23,335 birds; n=7), scale 3
(raising > 23,335 birds; n=2). Data collection on 24th -31st March 2015
used survey method. Data analysis employed descriptive technique
using BEP and MOS formulation. Results found that overall, the pullet
farming partnership scheme has obtained little profit ranging (IDR 2,546
– IDR 3,630/ bird), less efficient in and the quite high financial risk (MOS:
5.25% -7.43%). On the basis of farming scale, scale III exhibited the
highest profit of IDR 3,630 per bird, less efficient in production cost with
the BEP price per bird of IDR 45,234, and the largest MOS of 7.43%.
Keywords: Profit, efficient, financial, risk
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ABSTRACTS FOR POSTER SESSION
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Article ID 199
Effects of Essential Oil Made of Orange Peels on Fungal
Contamination of Elephant Grass, Cassava Plant and Corn Kernel
Explants on Tissue Culture Medium
Ahmad R Z1, A Husni2 and B Bakrie3*
1Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
2Indonesia Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111,
Indonesia 3Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and
Development, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Tissue culture technology is an alternative way that can be used to
produce plant seeds that will be widely developed as feed for ruminants.
However, this technique often has constraint in the form of fungal
contamination which affect the growth of explants during culture. One
way in preventing the fungal pollution is by immersing explants in an
antifungal solution in the form of essential oil. The aim of this study was
to obtain the optimum concentration of essential oils made from orange
peels to inhibit fungal growth in explants of elephant grass, cassava
plant and corn kernel. There are 6 concentrations of essential oils as the
treatments, including 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Each treatment
consisted of 4 replications and observations were carried out for 4
months period. Results obtained that concentration of essential oil as
much as 10% was the best for preventing fungal growth followed by
concentrations of 8%, 6%, 4% and 2%. However, explants of elephant
grass and cassava plant can grow well at concentrations of 2% and 4%.
It is concluded that essential oils with a minimum concentration of 2%
can be used to prevent the growth of fungal contamination in explants of
elephant grass and cassava plant.
Keywords: Essential oil, fungal contamination, explants, tissue culture
189
Article ID 211
The Effect of Supplementation of Leucaena leucochepala Leaves
in Digestibility of BK and BO of Friesian Holstein Dairy Cows in
Lactation
Dimas Fajar Nugroho1*, Yustina Yuni Suranindyah2, dan Andriyani Astuti3
Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study was conducted to determine the effect of Leucaena
Leucocephala leaf supplementation on dairy cattle ration on
consumption and digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in
Holstein Friesian lactating cattle. The design used a complete random
design (RAL) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments
consisted of P0 (40% Concentrates + 60% forage), P1 (40%
Concentrates + 60% forage + Leucaena leaves as much as 10 % total
forage), P2: 40% Concentrates + 60% forage + Leucaena leaves as
much as 20 % total forage). Experiments lasted during 60 days using 12
lactating cows weighing 428-457 kg on their 2 to 3 months of lactation.
The variables were measured consist of dry matter intake and organic
matter intake, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. The
results of supplementation studies showed that P2 treatment was
significantly higher for dry matter consumption, digestibility consumption
of dry matter organic matter and organic matter compared to P1
livestock and cattle without treatment. In conclusion, by supplementing
additional Leucaena Leucocephala leaves can increase digestibility in
the rumen but reduce the amount of consumption of dry and organic
ingredients.
Keywords: Leucaena, digestibility, dairy cows, KcBK and KcBO
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Article ID 222
Motility and Movement Patterns of Bull Spermatozoa after
Incubation in Fertilization Media with Heparin or Caffeine In Vitro
A. Setiyono1, M. A. Setiadi1,2, E. M. Kaiin3, N. W. K. Karja1,2*
1Biology of Reproduction, Graduate School, IPB University 2Division of Reproduction & Obstetric, Department of Clinic,
Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University
3Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Motility and movement patterns of spermatozoa are important to support
the occurrence of fertilization in vitro. This study was conducted to
examine the effect of heparin and caffeine singly or its combination
supplemented in fertilization media on motility and motion patterns of
spermatozoa in vitro. Frozen-thawed semen were incubated in
fertilization only or supplemented with caffeine 2 mM, heparin 10 µg/ml,
and combination of caffeine 2 mM and heparin 10 µg/ml for 60 min. The
motility and movement patterns (amplitude of lateral displacement or
ALH, linerarity dan curvilinear velocity or VCL) of spermatozoa was
evaluated using CASA before incubation and 60 min after incubation in
38.5 oC and 5% CO2. The motility of spermatozoa in all groups
decreased after 60 min of incubation time (P<0.05). The VLC of
spermatozoa in combination of heparin and caffeine group decreased
significantly after 60 min of incubation (P<0.05) compared to other
groups. Decreasing of ALH was found in caffeine only and the
combination of caffeine and heparin groups at 60 min of incubation
(P<0.05). There was no significant effect on sperm linearity in all
treatment groups (P>0.05). These finding shows a combination of
caffeine and heparin affected the motility, VCL and ALH of bull
spermatozoa after 60 min of incubation.
Keywords: Bovine, heparin, caffeine, in vitro, motility
191
Article ID 228
Difference of Nutritional Value and Antioxidant Activity between
Goat Milk Yoghurt Casein with Freeze Dried Goat Milk Yoghurt
Casein
R Sutrisno1, A E P Haskito2*
1Alumni of Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
2Lecturer of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Puncak Dieng Eksklusif Dau Malang, 65151, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Proteolytic enzyme in Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus
bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, dan Lactobacillus acidophilus)
added in yoghurt making caused active peptide from milk precursor
protein to be hydrolyzed. Bioactive peptide in goat milk is better
compared to cow milk. Casein is the biggest component of milk protein
which contain bioactive peptide derivates which potentially act as
antioxidant. The limitation of shelf life for yoghurt became a problem in
maximizing the bioactive peptide potential contain in casein. Casein
drying by freeze drying method is an alternative in solving this limitation.
This research aimed to determine the difference of nutritional value
(protein content, fat content, water content, ash content, and
carbohydrate content) and antioxidant activity between goat milk
yoghurt casein compared to freeze dried goat milk yoghurt casein.
Research design used is Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with one
treatment factor and 3 repetition. Nutritional value was obtained by
proximate analysis while antioxidant activity was obtained by 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Research result showed that
nutritional value and antioxidant activity between casein and freeze-
dried casein of goat milk yoghurt underwent changes. The average
nutritional values of goat milk yoghurt casein were 4.85% protein, 9.32%
fat, 78.85% water, 0.73% ash, and 6.25% carbohydrate while the
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average nutritional value for freeze-dried goat milk yoghurt casein were
31.59 % protein, 31.87% fat, 4.98% water, 2.9% ash, and 28.67%
carbohydrate. The average antioxidant activity value in goat milk yoghurt
casein was 25.43 mg/ml while the average antioxidant activity value for
freeze-dried goat milk yoghurt casein was 4.52 mg/ml.
Keywords: Antioxidants, casein, freeze drying, nutrient values, yoghurt
193
Article ID 229
Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) of Goat Milk Yoghurt, Casey Goat
Milk Yoghurt, and Freeze Dry Casey Goat Milk Yoghurt
A.E.P. Haskito1*, C. Mahdi2
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Puncak Dieng Eksklusif Dau Malang 65151
2Faculty of of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Veteran Malang 65154
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Yoghurt is one of functional food which fermented from milk by using
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Fermentation is the process of clotting milk
casein due to microbial activity. Casein is the most important of milk
protein, covering 85% of the total milk protein. Casey goat milk yoghurt
contains bioactive peptides which have the potential as antioxidants.The
objective of this study was to determine total LAB of goat milk yoghurt,
casey goat milk yoghurt, and freeze dry casey goat milk yoghurt. The
research was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with single
factor and three repitition. Yoghurt was made with add starter consisting
of LAB Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and
Lactobacillus acidophilus. Casein was obtained by centrifuging yoghurt
with 1200 rpm of speed for 10 minutes, then filtered. Dry casein was
obtained by drying with freeze drying method at 0°C of temperature and
4,58 torr of presseure. Total LAB analyzed using Total Plate Count
(TPC). Results showed that the total LAB of goat milk yoghurt is 3,4x107
cfu/ml, total LAB of casey goat milk yoghurt is 2,1x107 cfu/ml, and total
LAB of frreze dry casey goat milk yoghurt is 2,2x105 cfu/ml.
Keywords: Casein, goat milk, freee dry, LAB, yoghurt
194
Article ID 235
Soybean Phospholipids-Based Extender as an Alternative for Bull
Sperm Cryopreservation
M. Gunawan1*, E. M. Kaiin1, G. S. Mudita2, R. R. A. Chaidir2
1Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Raya Bogor, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
2Fakulty of Teknobiologi, University of Teknologi Sumbawa, Sumbawa Besar, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different
concentrations of soybean phospholipid (SP) in extenders for bull sperm
cryopreservation. The Friesian Holstein (FH) bulls were used, and the
ejaculates were obtained using an artificial vagina method. The semen
samples were pooled and diluted in a Tris egg yolk-based extender
(control group; CG) or Tris extender supplemented with SL at different
concentrations (G1 = 0.5%, G2 = 1%, G3 = 1.5%, G4 = 2%, G5 = 2.5%)
for a final concentration of 25×106 spermatozoa/0.25 mL. The semen
samples were packed in straws (0.25 mL), freezing is carried out over
liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes and stored in liquid nitrogen
(−1960C). After thawing (370C/30s), the samples were evaluated for
sperm quality parameters, including sperm motility, viability and
membrane integrity. The control group presented a significantly higher
in motility, viability and membrane integrity at the stage of dilution,
equilibration and after thawing compared to treatment group (P<0.05).
No significant difference was observed among the treatment groups G4
and control groups for all of the parameters using Computer Assisted
Sperm Analysis (CASA) (P>0.05). The conclusion in this study was the
addition of a 2% soybean phospholipid in Tris extender can be used for
freezing bull semen and to show the ability of fertility values in the post-
thawing normal range.
Keywords: Extender, soybean phospholipids, bull sperm, thawing
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Article ID 240
Identification of Insulin Induced Gene 1 (INSIG1) Encoded Milk Fat
in Friesian Holstein Cattle in Several Location in Indonesia
Ari Sulistyo Wulandari*, Slamet Diah Volkandari, Nina Herlina, and Saiful Anwar
Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
(LIPI) Jl Raya Bogor km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911.
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Milk fat is one of milk components that used for growth. Milk fat is
composed of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids
(MUFA) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Milk fatty acids were
encoded by polygene and one of them is Insulin Induced gene 1
(INSIG1).The aim of this study was to identify of genetic diversity of
Insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1) in Friesian Holstein cattle (FH). One
hundred and twenty three of FH cattle were used in this study. The
samples were collected from three locations i.e Enrekang South
Sulawesi, Tasikmalaya and Bogor West Java. DNA was extracted from
blood samples using High Salt methods. INSIG1 gene was amplified by
PCR method. Genotyping of INSIG1 gene used PCR-RFLP method with
TaqI restriction enzyme. The gene variation identification of INSIG1
gene resulted in the finding of two allelic types i.e.A allel and G allel.
Also, the identification acquired three types of gene i.e. GG, AG dan AA.
In the observed population obtained frequency of A allel which was
(0.62) that of G allel (0.38). Whereas, the highest frequency of genotypic
was AG genotype (0.56) compared to AA (0.33) and GG (0.01). The
study result shows that INSIG1 gene is polymorphic in three population
of Friesian Holstein cows in Indonesia.
Keywords: Insulin Induced gene 1, milk fat composition, Friesian
Holstein cattle
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Article ID 242
Distribution of the Quality of Milk Dairy Cattle in West Java
Nova Dilla Yanthi1*, Muladno2, Retno Damayanti3, Anneke Anggraeni4, Syahruddin Said1
1Biotechnology Research Center, Cibinong, Bogor 16691 2Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga
Campus, Bogor 16680 3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University,
Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680 4Livestock Research Institute, Ciawi, Bogor 16720
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The aim of this research was to analyze the quality of the content and
chemical composition of milk in several locations farms in the West Java
region. Milk is a food that has complete nutritional value in balanced
proportions. Good quality of milk contains the composition of fat content,
total solid, protein, water and contamination content contained in it in
accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 3141.1.2011.
The measurement of milk quality is used by the FT 120 MilkoScanTM
(Foss) tool. The milk is collected as much as 50 ml and then dipped in a
milkcan probe. The parameters observed included pH, specific gravity
(BJ), fat, protein, water and non-fat dry matter (BKTL) (%). The highest
fat content found in milk samples in the Subang district is at 3.62 ± 1.40.
Lembang has the highest lactose concentration among the other
sampling regions which is 4.58 ± 0.22. The highest concentration of dry
matter content is indicated in Subang 12.57 ± 1.87. The highest value at
the content of the nonfat dry ingredients in Subang area is 8.87 ± 0.70.
Pangalengan and Lembang have milk density of 103 2.44 ± 2.51 and
1032.27 ± 1.74 respectively. The concentration of FPD seen in the
highest results with a concentration value above SNI from the Subang
region 0.55 ± 0.06. The highest concentration of acidity was in the
Subang district with a value of 7.84 ± 1.41.
Keywords: Milk quality, dairy cattle, livestock
197
Article ID 266
Improvement of Ruminal Feed Fermentation by Addition of
Eucalyptus Based Mix Essential Oil
Asih Kurniawati*, Dosi Nur Wigati and Lies Mira Yusiati
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] In vitro fermentation methodology was used in this research to explore
the effect of mix eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) and pine (Pinus
merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) essential oil (MEO) on feed digestibility
and parameter of ruminal feed fermentation. Mix essential oil was added
and mix with feed particle to meet the end concentration of 100 µl/L of
fermentation media. Incubation was done at 39ºC for 24 h. Upon finished
the incubation, residual feed was collected by filtration for further dry
matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) analysis. Content of DM and OM
then were used to calculate the DM and OM digestibility. Meanwhile
filtrate also collected for determination of pH, ammonia, protozoa
number and microbial protein synthesis. Data analysis showed MEO
addition did not affect pH, ammonia concentration, DM and OM
digestibility. Addition of MEO increased microbial protein synthesis
(P<0.05) from 133.89 mg/L (control) to 189,66 (treatment). Otherwise,
protozoa number in MEO treatment was lower compared to control
(P<0.05). In conclusion, mix essential oil of eucalyptus and pine
essential oil up to level 100µl/L could be used as feed additive with a
positive effect.
Keywords: Eucalyptus, pine, essential oil, in vitro ruminal feed
fermentation
198
Article ID 271
Correlation between Body Size and Body Weigth of Kacang Goats
in UPT. Agri Science Technopark Islamic University of Lamongan
N. Badriyah*, M. Abchori dan Ratna K.D
Faculty of Animal Science, Islamic University of Lamongan, Jl. Veteran No 53. Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
The study aims to determine the correlation between Body Size and The
weight of the kacang goat body at UPT Agri Science Technopark
UNISLA. The samples used were 16 animals which were distinguished
by 8 male goats and female goats, the method used in this study was
conducting a survey to the location and using purposive sampling
techniques, the observed variables were hip width, chest circumference,
hip height, shoulder height, chest width and body length, the data were
analyzed using Ms. Excel Program and SPSS Version 20 Program. The
results of this study showed that chest circumference had a very
significant effect (P < 0.1) on both female and mate Kacang goats with
a correlation very significant 0,731 and 0.791, white the best regression
in female goats Y = -75.077 + 0.76X2 + 0.234X3 + 1.33X5 with a value
of determation of 0.894 mate Kacang Goat Y = -38.55 + 0.577X2 +
0.46X4 + 0.09X6 with a determinaton value of 0.756 respectevely. The
conclusion of this is that body Size can be used to determine body
weight in Kacang Goat.
Keywords: Body size, estimated body weight, kacang goat
199
Article ID 273
Synbiotic Garlic and Lactobacillus acidhopilhus on Broiler Chick
Weight Gain and Environmental Temperature
P. Sunu*, D.Sunarti, V.D. Yunianto and L. D. Mahfudz
Faculty of Animal Science, Diponegoro University. Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto S. H,Tembalang, Kec. Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah
50275, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The general objective of this study was to determine the potential of
garlic as a prebiotic combined with lactobacillus acidhopilus as a
synbiotic for broilers. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of
Poultry Production Laboratories, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and
Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The study design with
CRD, as a treatment of TO = basal feed; T1 = basal feed + 2 ml synbiotic;
T2 = basal feed + 4 ml synbiotic. The parameters observed were
performance which included weight gain and ambient temperature. The
results showed that garlic and Lactobacillus acidhopilus could increase
the body weight of broilers in 4 ml synbiotic treatment (T2) amounting to
1202.78 gr (P <0.05). The temperature of the cage in the study around
25oC - 33oC and humidity of the cage around 45 % - 71 %.
Keywords: Allium sativum, synbiotics, body weight, temperature, broiler
chickens
200
Article ID 280
Supplementation of Methionine Lysine on Leucaena Leaf Meal
Fermented for Quality Broiler Chickens Feed
Nita Yessirita1*, Zasmeli Suhaemi2, and Yurnalis1
1Faculty of Agricultural, University of Ekasakti, Jl.Veteran, Padang 25113, Indonesia
2Faculty of Animal Science, University of Taman siswa, Jl. Taman Siswa, Padang 25138, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] This study was conducted to determine the value of nitrogen retention,
metabolizable energy and protein consumption of broiler ration
containing different treatment of leucaena leaf meal (LLM). Research
used 30 of broiler chicken 6-8 weeks of age. the experiment was
designed by a completely randomized design , which consist of 3
treatments and 8 replications. The treatment were: R0= based ration
+ 7,5% LLM unfermented, R1= based ration + 7,5% LLM Fermented by
Bacillus laterosporus and R2= based ration + 7,5% LLM Fermented by
Bacillus laterosporus with suplementation 0,40% methyonine 1,2%
lysine. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and
continued by Duncan New Multiple Range Test. Parameters observed
were protein consumption, nitrogen retention and metabolizable
energy. The results showed that treatment highly significant (P < 0,01)
on protein consumption, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy of
broiler chicken. Based on this study it can be concluded that 7,5% LLM
Fermented by Bacillus laterosporus with suplementation 0,40%
methyonine 1,2% lysine in ration can be used as one of alternative feed
ingredients in the ration of broiler chickens seen from the increasing
value protein consumption (48,24 g), nitrogen retention (66,84%) while
viewed from energy metabolism (3013,49 kcal/kg) of broiler chickens.
Keywords: Supplementation, protein consumption, nitrogen retention,
energy metabolism
201
Article ID 281
Decrease Quality During Storage Packaged Beef Sausage Edible
Coating by Durian Seeds Starch – Chitosan with the Addition of
Kesum Leaf Extract
R B Lestari*, E Permadi, and R P Harahap
Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tanjungpura, Jl. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak 78124,
Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] There is an alternative for maintaining quality and extending sausage
storage is an edible coating, which is packaging in the form of a thin
layer made from edible materials, applied as a coating (coating). This
study aimed to determine the effect of the type of packaging and frozen
storage time of beef sausage on the decrease in the quality of beef
sausage in edible coating durian-chitosan seed starch with the addition
of kesum leaf extract. The study was conducted using the factorial
completely randomized design experimental method with 2 treatment
factors. The first factor is the type of sausage packaging consisting of 3
levels, namely: K1 = packaging of edible coating starch of durian seeds
- chitosan, K2 = packaging of edible coating starch of durian seeds -
chitosan - kesum leaf extract, and K3 = LDPE synthetic plastic
packaging. The second factor is storage time consisting of 5 levels,
namely: L0 = Storage time of 0 months, L1 = Storage time of 1 month,
L2 = Storage time of 2 months, L3 = Storage time of 3 months, and L4
= Storage time of 4 months. Each combination was repeated 4 times.
The research parameters observed were the sausage quality test,
namely: TBA (Thio Barbituric Acid) and pH. The results showed that the
type of packaging treatment, storage time, and interaction had a very
significant effect on TBA and had no significant effect on pH. The lowest
average TBA value in synthetic packaging sausage at 1-month storage
(K3L1) which is 0.21 mg malonaldehyde/kg, while the highest in edible
coating without kesum leaf extract at 4 months storage (K1L4) is 0.48
202
mg malonaldehyde/kg. The lowest average pH value in edible coating
sausage packaging without kesum leaf extract at 1-month storage
(K1L1) was 5.84, while the highest was at synthetic plastic packaging
sausage at 3 months storage (K3L3) which was 6.30.
Keywords: -
203
Article ID 291
The Cured Egg Yolk Quality on Different Salting Time
Imam Thohari*, Herly Evanuarini and Hildan Hanif Geovani
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The cured egg yolk is salted egg made from yolk egg that dipped in salt
powder for several time. The purpose of this research was to determine
the best salting time on physicochemical were texture protein, moisture
content and water activity. The method used laboratory experiment with
Completely Randomized Design (CRD), four treatments and four
replications. The treatments were P1 (24 Hours), P2 (48 Hours), P3 (72
Hours) and P4 (96 Hours) of salting time. The data were analyzed by
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there were significant differences will
be continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result
showed that the salting time of cured egg yolk was highly significant
different (P<0.01) on protein content, moisture content, water activity
(Aw) content and texture. It could be concluded that the salting time of
curing the yolk on 96 hours of cured egg yolk gave the best treatment
and suggested to do further research on shelf life, microbiological test
and the addition of other materials to the cured egg yolk quality.
Keywords: Cured egg yolk, salting time, salt
204
Article ID 292
Physical Quality and Microstructure of Prebiotic Fermented Milk
to Support a Healthy Lifestyle
Manik Eirry Sawitri*, Premy P. Rahayu, Ria D. Andriani, Mulia Winirsya A.
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Inulin was used as prebiotic to improve the quality of fermented milk in
regards to the consumers acceptability towards healthy lifestyle. This
study aims to examine the physical (viscosity and syneresis) and
microstructures (CLSM) properties of prebiotic fermented milk. The
materials used include skimmed milk powder, inulin, and standard
yoghurt culture starter (Lactobacillus bulgaricus FNCC-0041 and
Streptococcus thermophilus FNCC-0040 from the Center of Food and
Nutrition Study, Universitas Gajah Mada) with the ratio at 1:1 (v/v). The
study was conducted through experimental method with Complete
Randomized Design. The prebiotic fermented milk fortified with 2% inulin
(K1) was compared with fermented milk without fortification (K0). The
results indicate that at the isoelectric point, K1 highly significant
increased the viscosity and also reduced syneresis (P <0.01) compared
to the K0. The microstructure analysis of prebiotic fermented milk
showed that 2% inulin fortification is able to strengthen gel formation with
finer and more uniform structures. It was concluded that 2% inulin can
improve viscosity, inhibit syneresis and provide a more refined, compact
and identical strusture of the fermented milk.
Keywords: Inulin, prebiotic fermented milk, viscosity, syneresis,
microstructure
205
Article ID 294
Performance Production of Male Joper Chicken (3-8 Weeks Old)
with Different Protein Level in Feed
Muharlien*, I. W. Nursita and V.M. Pangestu
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research was conducted to determine the effect of feed protein level
on feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion on male
Joper chicken (3-8 weeks old). The materials used were 168 male Joper
pullet of 3 weeks old, with an average body weight of 154.34 ± 9.74
g/head and coefficient of variation of5.67%. The research method was
an experiment with a completely randomized design. The treatment
consisted of P1: Feeding of 14%protein level, P2: Feeding of 16%
protein level, P3: Feeding of 18% protein level andP4: Feeding of 20%
protein level. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and if
the result showed significantly different than continued by Duncan’s
Multiple Range Test. The variables observed were feed consumption,
body weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed the level of
protein in feed had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on feed
consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The conclusionis
that the increasing level of protein in feed results in increasedfeed
consumption, body weight gain and decreases feed conversion. Protein
level 20 % in feed produces the best performance production (feed
consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion) in male Joper 3-8
weeks old.
Keywords: Joper chicken, protein, feed consumption, body weight gain,
feed conversion
206
Article ID 339
The Diversity of Phenotypes Madura Cattle from A Cultural
Perspective in Pamekasan District
Desi Kurniati Agustina* and Nurul Hidayati
Prodi Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Madura
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The research aims to characterize the phenotype diversity of Madura
cattle based on its cultural status, namely Sonok cattle and Kerapan
Cattle. Which later will be useful as additional information which is the
basis for the preparation of the management and empowerment
program of Madura cattle germplasm. The diversity of madura cattle
phenotypes is used as a basis for selection and culling of offspring from
Madura cattle that show performance. This research was conducted at
the “Sonok” and Bull Race centers, in the Waru and Pademawu districts.
Data were analyzed for coefficient of diversity) and phenotypic
frequency of livestock traits. The results showed the results showed
there were differences in phenotypic diversity both in qualitative and
quantitative nature between sonok cattle and Kerapan cattle, namely on
chest circumference, body length, tail length and horn length. Whereas
the qualitative nature is the color of the feathers, the shape of the horns,
eye patterns, eye lines, and back lines. A coefficient of diversity of 5%
for each quantitative trait of cattle.
Keywords: Cattle, Sonok, Kerapan, Diversity, Phenotipe
207
Article ID 340
The Utilization of Fresh Water Snail Shell’s Meal as Additive in
Commercial Feed on Quail Growth Phase
S.Dharmawati1*, Syarif. D1, N. Firahmi1, M. Faridi2
1Faculty of Agriculture, University of Islamic Kalimantan Banjarmasin, Jl. Adhyaksa Kayu Tangi Kalimantan Selatan, 70123 , Indonesia.
2Departemen of Animal Husbandry, Hulu Sungai Selatan, Kalimantan Selatan, 71211 Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Minerals that was instrumental in the formation of eggs is Ca and P
deposition of minerals especially Ca and P on the tibia bone to spare in
the formation of the eggshell is very important, so that the provision of a
source of Ca and P closely related the tibia bone growth. The fresh water
shells are abundantly available and is a waste, because most farmers
only have used meat (content) fresh water snail. Shells contain
minerals that are needed by the body of the poultry, namely Ca and P.
The aim of this study was to find out increment of apple snail’s meal
increment in commercial feed to the quail growth phase. This research
was conducted at Bakarung village, district of Angkinang, Hulu Sungai
Selatan. The treatment was increment of fresh water snail’s shell to
commercial feed at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%. Each treatment
repeatedly 4 times. Feed, weight gain, feed conversion, body weiht and
long of the tibia bones were perceived from the study. Data analysis
used Anova single factor, if the result significant, we perform DMRT test.
The result showed increment of fresh water snail’shell in commercial
feed had significantly effect on feed consumption, weight gain, feed
conversion, and bogy weight than not significant on long of tibia bones.
Keywords: Fresh water snail’s meal, additive, commercial feed, quail,
growth phase
208
Article ID 343
Comparative Study of the Price of Input and Output Layer Farm in
Blitar East Java and Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatera
W. Sartika* dan E. Rahmi
Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, West Sumatra
*Corresponding email: [email protected] In Layer farm, input prices are the most important component that must
always be considered, high input prices will affect the course of the
production process. Likewise with the output that will determine the
future of the business. This study aims to examine the comparison of
input and output prices in layer farm in Blitar, East Java and Lima Puluh
Regency, West Sumatra. The study was conducted using historical
methods or literature study used data like input prices (price of day old
chick, corn and bran) and output prices (prices of eggs, afkir chicken and
manure) for the last 10 years. Data analysis was performed descriptively
qualitatively with the tables and graphs. The results showed that the
development of input and output prices tended to fluctuate. Input and
output prices in Blitar Regency are relatively lower compared to input
and output prices in Lima Puluh Kota Regency such as the DOC price
in Blitar District Rp 6,100 / head while the DOC price in Lima Puluh Kota
Regency is Rp 7,500 / head. For the price of output such as eggs in
Blitar, Rp. 20,000 / kg, while in Lima Puluh Kota, Rp. 22,000 / kg.
Keywords: Layer, input price, output price
209
Article ID 349
The Effectiveness of Phytopharmaca of Ethanol Extract Sambiloto
Leaf as an Alternative of Control to Coccidiosis
Rositawati Indrati1, and Nurina Titisari 2
1Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brawijaya
*Corresponding email: [email protected] Coccidiosis is a protozoan infestation of Eimeria spp. Control of
coccidiosis in addition to using chemical anticoccidial agents and
vaccines, then as an alternative and complementary can use
phytoextracts and phytocompounds. Sambiloto (Andrographis
paniculata, Nees.) contains saponins, tannins, and andrographolides
which can lyse oocysta, are effective against humoral immune
responses, and have anticoccidial activity. This study aims to analyze
and evaluate the ethanol extract of Sambiloto leaf (Andrographis
paniculata. Nees) on reducing the amount of oocysts. The material of
this research is extract ethanol of sambiloto leaf (ESL) in capsules, 20
male Etawa Crossbreed goats aged 3-4 months. This study used
experimental with post test only control group design with 5 groups and
4 repetitions. Group P1 (Negative Control: 500 mg Curmin), P2 (Positive
Control, without anticoccidial), P3 (caps. ESL = 750 mg), P4 (caps ESL
= 1125 mg), P5 (caps ESL= 1500 mg). Stool collection two (2) times,
(Pre research) before treatment and the- 4th week after treatment.
Count of oocysts using the Mc Master modification methode. The
analysis showed that at the beginning of treatment all coccidia/Eimiria
spp infested groups were naturally treated. The ANOVA statistical
analysis showed a significant difference (P <0.05) between group.
Groups P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 showed a decrease in the number of
oocysta (Oocysta per Gram = OPG) - respectively P1: 71.62%
(beginning 2960-end 840), P2: 38.78% (3816-2323), P3: 51.96% (3632
- 1636), P4: 75.15% (3928-976), and P5: 68.91% (2856-888). Turkey
test results showed that P1 groups no significant P5 (P>0.05), P1 and
210
P5 were significantly different (P <0.05) with P2, P3 and P4. Conclusion,
Ethanol extract of Sambiloto Leaf (ESL) is effective as an alternative
control for coccidiosis based on phytopharmaka dose EDS = 1125 mg
with the highest reduction in OPG amount of 75.15% in Etawah
Crossbreed goats.
Keywords: Sambiloto leaf extract (Andrographis paniculata, Nees),
coccidiosis, infestation of Eimiria spp, OPG.
211
Article ID 351
Supplementation of Red Dragon Peel Extract (Hylocereus
polyrhizus) in Extender on the Quality of Limousin Chilled Semen
Sri Wahjuningsih*, Ade Grace, Amalia
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon peel
extract in CEP-2 extender on the quality of chilled semen of Limousin
during cooling 3-5oC. Semen was collected using artificial vagina twice
a week for 5 weeks. The treatment in this research was supplementation
of dragon fruit skin extract 0%, 1% , 3% and 5% on the base extender
of CEP-2. The variables observed were the percentage of motility,
viability, abnormalities and integrity of plasma membranes. The results
showed that the addition of red dragon fruit skin extract in CEP-2
extender gave a significant effect (P <0.05) on the percentage of motility,
viability and plasma membrane integrity while the percentage of
abnormalities did not give significant effect (P> 0.05). Supplementation
of dragon fruit skin extract 3 % better than 0, 1 and 5 % on the
percentage of motility, viability, and plasm membrane integrity during
cooling process. It was concluded that the addition of 3% red dragon
fruit peel extract was the best treatment in maintaining the quality of
Limousin bull semen at cold temperature.
Keywords: Bull, CEP-2, extender, quality of semen
212
THE 4TH APIS SECRETARIATE
Sekretariat APIS
Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya
Gedung V, Lt. 5
Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
Phone: (+62)341-553513
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://apis.ub.ac.id
THE 4TH APIS SECRETARIATESekretariat APISFakultas Peternakan, Universitas BrawijayaGedung V, Lt. 5Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia Phone: (+62)341-553513E-mail: [email protected]: http://apis.ub.ac.id
APIS
Penerbit
FAKULTAS PETERNAKANUNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYAJl. Veteran Malang 65145 IndonesiaTelp (0341) 553513
