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ABSTRACT
Feni Oktaviani, The Transposition Analysis in “You’re Nicked Ms Wiz”. Thesis:
English Letters Department. Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic
University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2011.
This research aims to give description and explanation about transposition
and their translations, in this case translation from English to Bahasa Indonesia.
The unit analysis of this research is a novel written by Terence Blacker which was
published in 1996 by Macmillan Children‟s Books, “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz” and
the Indonesian translated novel by Ramayanti which published in 2002 by PT
Gramedia Pustaka Utama, “Kau Tertangkap, Ms Wiz”.
This research was designed as a qualitative research. The qualitative
research presents the data of the research in the form of qualitative description.
The sources of the data in this study are sentences that contain transposition in
English and their translation in Indonesian.
The writer analyzes transpositions from English into Indonesia from the
change of structure. According to data analysis, the result of this research is 41
shifts that consist of The First Shift, The Third Shift and The Fourth Shift.
APPROVEMENT
THE TRANSPOSITION ANALYSIS IN “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz”
A Thesis
Submitted to English Department
Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of Strata One
Feni Oktaviani
NIM. 206026004277
Approved by:
Moh. Supardi, M.Hum
Advisor
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
2011
LEGALIZATION
Name : Feni Oktaviani
NIM : 206026004277
Title : The Transposition Analysis in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz”
The thesis has been defended before the Faculty of Letters and Humanities;
Examination Committee on May 18th
, 2011. It has been accepted as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Strata One in English Letters
Department.
Jakarta, May 18th
, 2011
The Examination Committee
Signature Date
1. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Chair Person) __________ _________
19640710 199303 1 006
2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Secretary) __________ _________
19781003 200112 2 002
3. Moh. Supardi, M.Hum (Advisor) __________ _________
4. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Examiner I) __________ _________
19650919 200003 1 002
5. Drs. H. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed (Examiner II) __________ _________
150 181 922
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
knowledge and belief. It contains no material previously published or written by
another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in text.
Jakarta, Mei 2011
Feni Oktaviani
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
All praise be to Allah SWT, Lord of the Universe Who has blessed the
writer in completing this thesis. Peace and blessing be upon our Prophet
Muhammad SAW, His family, His companions, and all of His followers.
The writer‟s gratitude goes as well to her most beloved parents for their
love, support, and continuous prayer. The writer thanks so much for her beloved
brother, Zulfikar, and her beloved sisters, Putri and Reni, who always pray and
support her.
The writer would like to give her gratitude to Moh. Supardi, M.Hum, as
her advisor for his continuous guidance, motivation, patience and correction
during finishing this thesis.
The writer would also like to give her special thanks and appreciation for
these noble persons:
1. Dr. H. Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M.Ag., the Dean of Faculty of Adab and
Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
2. Drs. Asep Saefudin, M.Pd., the Head of English Department.
3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., the Secretary of English Letters Department.
4. The lecturers and the Staffs of Faculty of Adab and Humanities.
5. Her best friends, Yanti, Yuli, Ewis, Sandra, and Ibra, who give their support
and always accompany her whenever she goes to libraries. Thanks a lot for
being with her whether in her „good‟ or even „bad‟. Also thank you so much
for Audri, Ifad, Hania, Eli and Udin who always ask her to has graduation as
soon as possible because it gives her more motivation.
6. All of her classmates in the English Department; Literature Class and
Translation Class, thanks for being her inspiration and motivation.
7. All library staffs of Center Library and English Departement Library of UIN
8. To those that cannot be mentioned one by one, whether directly or indirectly
helping her in completing this thesis.
May Allah bless and protect them always, Amin. Finally, the writer hopes
that this thesis will be useful especially for the writer and those who are interested
in it.
Jakarta, Mei 2011
The Writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………… i
APPROVEMENT ……………………………………………….. ii
LEGALIZATION ……………………………………………….. iii
DECLARATION ………………………………………………… iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ………………………………………. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………….. vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………………….. 1
A. Background of the Research …………………… 1
B. Focus of the Research …………………….......... 3
C. Research Question ……………………………… 3
D. Significance of the Research …………………… 3
E. Research Methodology …………………………. 4
1. Objective of Research …..…………………... 4
2. Method of Research …..…………………….. 4
3. Technique of Data Analysis …..…………….. 4
4. Instrument of Research …..…………………. 4
5. Unit of Analysis …………………………….. 4
6. Place and Time of Research …...……………. 5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK …………….. 6
A. Definition of Translation …………………......... 6
B. Types of Translation ……………………………. 7
C. Process of Translation …………………….......... 9
D. Transposition ……….……………………........... 11
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ……………………... 15
A. Data Description ………………………….......... 15
B. Data Analysis …………………………………... 20
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………... 38
A. Conclusion ……………………………………... 38
B. Suggestion ……………………………………… 39
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………… 40
APPENDICES …………………………………………………….. 41
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research
Nowdays, translation is not something foreign but has important role in
life because application of translation is touching in the world of science,
literature, information, technology, trade and relations between countries. From
various languages of the world, English is one of the most important language for
her role as an international language. That is why many books to be translated
from English into Indonesia. As a lover of foreign story books, of course as
Indonesian, we are greatly helped by translation version of book.
According to Catford, translation is the replacement of textual in one
language (source language/SL) by equivalent textual material in another language
(target language/TL).1 It is process to substituting a text. So a translator must be
able in SL and TL. They must have a fair and a feel for their own language
because it is compounded of intelligence, sensitivity and intuition, as well as of
knowledge.2
A translator should produce a good translation, so result of translation can
be enjoyed by all. To improve translation, translation procedure becomes very
1 J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation (Edinburgh: Oxford University Press,
1965), p. 20. 2 Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation (London: Prentice Hall International, 1988),
p. 4.
important in the harmonization process of translation stages.3 According to The
Macquarie Dictionary, “a procedure is the act or manner of proceeding in any
action or process”.4 Therefore, in translating a text, a translator must be in
accordance with translation procedure because it is useful in translation process.
According to Newmark, there are fourteen procedures that may be needed
by a translator in translation process. However, all of which is not necessarily
relevant to translation involving Bahasa Indonesia as the target language or source
language. One of the fourteen procedures that must be considered in the process
of translation is transposition. Transposition becomes a special translation
procedure because it can change a structural in SL and TL. Besides being a special
translation procedure, transposition can also be applied within a language.5
Transposition has a very important role in translation because the source language
often has a different structure from structure of the target language.
According to Newmark, transposition is a change in the grammar from SL
to TL.6 For example, the word a strange coincidence is translated into kebetulan
(yang) aneh. Here there is transposition that changes structure grammatical from
Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. Second example, the word cats is
translated into kucing. Here there is transposition that changes Plural form in
English into Singular form in Bahasa Indonesia. In translating text from SL into
3 Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa
Indonesia (Tangerang: Pustaka Anak Negeri, 2009), p. 69. 4 Rochayah Machali, Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah (Jakarta: Grasindo, 2000), p. 62.
5 Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday, Translation: An Advanced Resource Book (New
York: Routledge, 2004), p. 150. 6 Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation (London: Prentice Hall International, 1988),
p. 85.
TL, transposition is main process in translation that should be taken into account
by translator.
By using transposition, a translator can adjust translation in the TL with a
more flexible and easier to read. Without transposition, a translation will feel stiff.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in analyzing
translation shift forms in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz” into “Kau Tertangkap Ms
Wiz.”
B. Focus of the Research
The research is focused on analyzing transposition forms in “You‟re
Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau tertangkap, Ms Wiz)”.
C. Research Question
Based on the limitation of the problems above, the writer formulates the
problem in the following research question:
What kinds of transposition found in SL (source language) novel and TL (target
language) novel of “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz?
D. Significance of the Research
This research is expected to advance knowledge in the field of translation
story texts, especially concerning the transposition forms and can motivate the
translators to produce a qualified translation of story texts.
E. Research Methodology
1. Objective of Research
Based on the research question, the objective of the research is to know
transposition forms in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau tertangkap, Ms Wiz)”.
2. Method of Research
The method that used in this research is a qualitative method; the writer
reads the novel and then analyzes and identifies transposition forms which
appear in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau tertangkap, Ms Wiz)”.
3. Technique of Data Analysis
The obtained data in this research will be analyzed through descriptive
analysis technique based on the theories that have been read such as
translation procedure and supporting data from several other supporting
theories, especially the theory that was proposed by Newmark.
4. Instrument of Research
Instrument in this research is the writer herself as a subject, through
reading the novel “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau Tertangkap Ms Wiz)”.
5. Unit of Analysis
Unit of analysis of the research is texts in a novel written by Terence
Blacker which was published in 1996 by Macmillan Children‟s Books,
“You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz” and the Indonesian translated novel by Ramayanti
which published in 2002 by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, “Kau Tertangkap,
Ms Wiz”.
6. Place and Time of Research
The writer starts doing the research on October 2010 at English Letter
Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities State of Islamic University
Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
CHAPTER II
THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Definition of Translation
There are many definitions of translation on the references that all give the
theories of it among others is Catford statement: “Translation is the replacement
of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another
language”7
Another definition is Nida and Taber: “Translating consist in reproducing
in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the SL message, first in
terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”8
According to Newmark: “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text
into another language in the way that the author intended the text”9. According to
him that the translation theorist is concerned with every type of translation
procedure. The procedures can be in the form of:
a. Transcription (which may or may not be required for SL institutional
or cultural words to provide authenticity or local colour respectively)
b. One to one translation
c. Through translation (the literal translation of common collocations)
7 J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation (Edinburgh: Oxford University Press,
1965), p. 20. 8 Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation (Leiden:
E.J. Brill, 1982), p. 12. 9 Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation (London: Prentice Hall International, 1988),
p. 5.
d. Lexical synonymy (translation by a close TL equivalent)
e. Componential analysis (some from of componential analysis should
always be preferred to synonymy as provisional translation procedure)
f. Transposition (the replacement of one grammatical unit by another)
g. Modulation (entails a change in lexical elements, a shift in the point of
view)
h. Compensation (when loss of meaning or sound effect or metaphor in
one part of sentence is compensated in another part)
i. Cultular Equivalent (an approximately translation where a SL cultural
word is translated by a TL cultural word)
j. Translation label (an approximate equivalent, sometime proposed as a
collocation in inverted commas)
k. Definition (recast as a descriptive noun phrase)
l. Paraphrase (amplification or free rendering of the meaning of a
sentence)10
B. Types of Translation
In this paper, there are two types of translation. Firstly, according to
Catford, he divided it into three terms: Extent, Levels, and Rank:11
1. Extent
Full vs. Partial translation relates to the extent of SL text which is
submitted to the translation process. (a) In a full translation, the entire text is every
part of the SL text which is replaced by TL text material. (b) In a partial
translation is some part or parts of the SL text are untranslatable, such literal
10
Ibid, p. 90. 11
J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, op cit, p. 21.
translation, because of more complex; and then they are simply transferred to and
incorporated in the TL text.12
2. Level
Total vs. Restricted translation is related to this term. (a) Total translation
is replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with
consequential replacement of SL phonology/graphology by (non-equivalent) TL
phonology/graphology. (b) Restricted translation is replacement of SL textual
material by equivalent TL textual material, at only one level.13
3. Rank
The grammatical units between which translation equivalences are set up
may be at any rank, and in a long text the ranks are constantly changing at one
point, the equivalence is sentence to sentence, group to group, or word to word.14
Secondly, another types of translation, mentioned that Roman Jakobson in
his article „On Linguistic Aspects of Translation‟ distinguishes three types of
translation:15
1. Intralingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by
means of other signs in the same language).
2. Interlingual translation or translation proper (an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of some other language).
12
Ibid, p. 21. 13
Ibid, p.22. 14
Ibid, p.24. 15
Susan Basnet, Translation Studies, (London: Routledge, 2002), 3rd
ed, p. 23.
3. Intersemiotic translation or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal signs
by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems).
C. Process of Translation
In translating, a translator must through processes of translation so a
translator must understand a SL text and formulating a TL text. In this paper, the
writer just shows two processes of translation. Firstly, process of translation in
Newmark‟s statement is:16
1. The Textual Level
A translator makes certain „conversion‟ and transposes the SL grammar
into their „ready‟ TL equivalents, then translates the lexical units into the sense.
This is the level of the literal translation of the SL into the TL. It also acts as a
corrective paraphrase and the purer-down of synonyms.17
2. The Referential Level
This is level of objects and events, real/imaginary. A translator visualizes
and builds up and which is an essential part, first of comprehension, then of the
reproduction process.18
3. The Cohesive Level
This cohesive level contains the two factors: the structure factor (the
proceeding from known information (theme) to new information (rheme);
proposition, opposition, continuation, reiteration, opposition, conclusion for
instance or thesis, antithesis, synthesis), and mood factor (the dialectical factor
16
Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation, op cit, p. 19. 17
Ibid, p.22. 18
Ibid, p. 23.
moving between positive and negative, emotive and neutral. A translator has a
spot the difference positive and neutral in, „awesome and „amazing‟. Similarly he
has to spot differences between negative and neutral in say „potentate‟ and
„ruler‟)19
4. The Level of Naturalness
It is to determine the deviation, and only concerned with reproduction. A
translator has to ensure: that his translation makes sense; and that it reads
naturally, that it is written in ordinary language, the common grammar, idioms
and words that meet that kind of situation. Natural usage comprises a variety of
idioms or styles or registers determined primarily by the „setting‟ of the text,
secondarily by the author, topic and leadership, all of who are usually dependent
on the setting.20
Secondly, according to Nida and Taber, they defined the translation
process into four levels. They are:21
1. Analyzing the SL text
A sentence, in this level, will be analyzed into the grammatical, word
meaning or word combination, the textual meaning, and the contextual meaning.
2. Transferring
A translator has analyzed and understood material, and she should think in
his mind and removes the material of the SL text to the TL text. He, however,
19
Ibid, p. 24. 20
Ibid, p. 25. 21
Zuchridin Suryawinata and Sugeng Haryanto, Translation: Bahasa Teori & Penuntun
Praktis Menerjemahkan (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003), p. 17.
doesn‟t produce the sequence of words yet, into the TL text and they are still in
his/her mind.
3. Restructuring
A translator tries to find the appropriate words equivalent, and the
sentence structures into the TL text. Then, she/he conveyed the messages or
meanings into the whole TL text.
4. Revising and Evaluating
The result of translation can be evaluated or suited any more with the SL text.
It should make revision, if the result is less completed equivalence of the TL text.
D. Transposition
1. Transposition is termed by Vinay and Darbelnet called transposition
involves replacing one word class with other without changing the meaning of the
message. In translation, there are two distinct types of transposition:
a. Obligatory transposition: Translation shifts which occur because of the
discrepancies in the lexicogrammatical system between the SL and the
TL; the compensatory device for the discrepancy is predictable from
the text and its context.
b. Optional transposition: Translation shifts which occur because of the
translator‟s discretion. In shifts like these, there are formal
correspondences, but the translator in light of interpersonal meaning
has selected something else.22
22
Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 88.
2. Another statement comes from Newmark and Catford. Transposition
that is termed by Catford as a shift is departures „from formal correspondence in
the process of going from SL to the TL‟23
and transposition that is termed by
Newmark is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from SL
to TL.24
In the context of translating English into Bahasa Indonesia, this change
occurs as the result of dissimilarities of the system and structure of English and
Bahasa Indonesia to convey the same meaning. The application of transposition is
aimed to avoid literal translations which only result in an unnatural translation.
There are four shifts in transposition:
The First Shift
It is an obligatory transposition and automatic, is caused by the
grammatical structure of the target language. It offers the translator no choice and
must find the equivalence in the TL text as below:
1. Plural in SL/English becomes Singular in TL/Bahasa Indonesia, such as:
a pair of shorts is translated into sebuah celana pendek.
2. Adjective + Noun in SL/English becomes Noun + Modifier in TL/Bahasa
Indonesia, such as: smart student is translated into murid (yang) pintar.25
The Second shift
It is required when an SL grammatical structure doesn‟t exist in the TL
text, and there are always options:
23
J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, op cit, p. 73. 24
Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation, op cit, p. 85. 25
Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa
Indonesia, op cit, p. 71.
1. In Bahasa Indonesia, the object is in front of the sentence, but there is no
in English grammatical structure. For example, Baju itu harus kita pakai is
translated into We must wear that clothe.
2. In Bahasa Indonesia, the adjective is in front of the sentence, and then
followed by the subject, but there is no in English grammatical structure.
For example, Bosan aku is translated into I’m bored.
3. In Bahasa Indonesia, the verbal is in front of the sentence, but it isn‟t
unusual in English, except the imperative sentence. For example, berbeda
penjelasannya is translated into The explanation differs.26
The Third Shift
It is the one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not
accord with natural usage in the TL text:
1. Noun or Noun phrase in SL becomes verb in TL.27
For example, We must
all responsible for the existence of the earth is translated into Kita semua
bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga bumi.
2. Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive in SL becomes Noun +
Clause in TL.28
For example, thinking person is translated into orang yang
berpikir.
3. Adjective + Noun in SL becomes Noun + Noun in TL. For example,
medical student is translated into mahasiswa kedokteran and engineering
technique is translated into teknik (pe)rekayasa(an).29
26
Ibid, p. 72. 27
Ibid, p. 73. 28
Ibid, p. 73.
The Fourth Shift
It is replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. For
example, He is vey pleasant but his wife is arrogant translated into Ia sangat baik
(sekali), tetapi istrinya sangat sombong. The word sekali is the replacement of a
virtual lexical gap in Bahasa Indonesia by a grammatical structure.30
29
Rochayah Machali, Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah, op cit, p. 67. 30
Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa
Indonesia, op cit, p. 73.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDING
A. Data Description
In the data description, the writer finds the cases of transposition between
the SL and TL in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau Tertangkap Ms Wiz).”
The possible structure changes that may occur in transposition can be
observed in the table below:
No. SL TL Transposition
1. On page 67:
“Oh I see,” said Mr bailey.
“Here we all are in the
middle of an English lesson,
discussing similes, and
Lizzie‟s off in a private
fantasy about her cat. That‟s
absolutely fine then, isn‟t it?
On page 5:
“Oh begitu,” kata Mr
Bailey. “Di tengah
pelajaran Bahasa Inggris,
saat kita semua sedang
mendiskusikan simile,
Lizzie malah asyik
melamun sendiri tentang
kucingnya. Bagus sekali,
bukan?
The First Shift,
in the first
point
2. On page 69:
“Our teacher is like
someone who doesn‟t know
how you feel when you lose
a pet and then he can‟t even
manage to be nice when a
person‟s so upset that she
can‟t concentrate on a
boring English lesson,
especially when it‟s taught
by a cat-hater. Or is that
metaphor, sir?”
On page 7:
“Guru kita bagaikan orang
yang tak mengerti
perasaanmu ketika kau
kehilangan binatang
piaraan. Dia bahkan tak
mampu bersikap ramah,
ketika sesorang begitu
resahnya sehingga tak bisa
memusatkan perhatian
pada pelajaran bahasa
Inggris yang
membosankan, apalagi
kalau pengajarnya adalah
pembenci kucing. Ini
simile atau metafora, sir?”
The Third
Shift, in the
second point
and The Fourth
Shift
3. On page 70:
“I‟ve looked everywhere,” On page 9:
“Mama telah mencari
said Lizzie‟s mother, when
she arrived home. “In
cupboards. Down the street.
In the park─“ she hesitated.
“Under cars.”
dimana-mana,” kata ibu
Lizzie, ketika Lizzie tiba di
rumah. “Di lemari. Di
jalan. Di taman…” ibu
Lizzie ragu-ragu sejenak.
“Di kolong-kolong mobil.”
The First Shift,
in the first
point
4. On page 71:
Tears welled up in Lizzie‟s
eyes.
On page 9:
Air mata menggenangi
mata Lizzie.
The First Shift,
in the first
point
5. On page 71:
Mrs Thompson put her arm
around her daughter. “It‟s
dangerous for cats around
here. People drive so fast,”
she said, adding gently,
“He‟s had a good innings.”
On page 9:
Mrs Thompson memeluk
putrinya. “Keadaan di
sekitar sini berbahaya bagi
kucing. Banyak orang yang
suka ngebut,” katanya.
Kemudian ia
menambahkan dengan
lembut, “Waif sudah
mengalami hidup yang
menyenangkan.”
The First Shift,
in the second
point
6. On page 75:
“Listen, miss. I know cats.
They wander. Especially
toms.”
On page 13-14:
“Dengar, nona. Aku tahu
sifat kucing. Mereka suka
berkeliaran. Apalagi
tom31
.”
The First Shift,
in the first
point and The
Fourth Shift
7. On page 76-77:
“Don‟t worry, miss,” said
the second policeman
quickly. “We‟ll let you
know if we hear of a lost cat
just give PC Boote here the
details.”
On page 15:
“Jangan kuatir, nona,” kata
polisi kedua cepat-cepat.
“Kami akan
memberitahumu, jika kami
mendapat kabar tentang
kucing yang tersesat.
Berikan saja cirri-cirinya
pada Kopral Boote
sekarang.”
The First Shift,
in the second
point
8. On page 77:
“What you need is a spot of
magic,” said a familiar
voice.
On page 16:
“Yang kau perlukan adalah
sedikit keajaiban,” kata
sebuah suara yang tak
asing baginya.
The First Shift,
in the second
point
31
kucing piaraan jantan
9. On page 77:
A Strange Coincidence
On page 17:
Kebetulan yang Aneh
The First Shift,
in the second
point
10. On page 80-81:
An old man at the next table
was darting suspicious
looks in their direction as he
shook a tomato ketchup
bottle over his egg and
chips.
On page 19:
Seorang lelaki tua duduk di
meja disebelah meja
mereka. Ia melemparkan
pandangan penuh curiga
kearah mereka, sambil
mengocok botol saus tomat
dan menuangkan isinya
keatas telur serta kentang
gorengnya.
The First Shift,
in the first
point
11. On page 81:
“I see,” said Lizzie quietly.
She was beginning to
wonder whether she was
right to be here, sitting in a
café with Ms Wiz. A
worrying thought had
occurred to her. Maybe it
was somebody pretending
to be Ms Wiz. What if this
was the Danger Stranger she
had always been told never
to talk to?
On page 19:
“Oh, begitu,” kata Lizzie
pelan. Ia mulai bertanya-
tanya apakah perbuatannya
ini benar, duduk di kafe
bersama Ms Wiz. Pikiran
yang mencemaskan
melintas dalam benaknya.
Barangkali ini orang lain
yang berpura-pura menjadi
Ms Wiz. Bagaimana kalau
dia ternyata Orang Asing
Berbahaya yang kata orang
tuanya tak boleh diajaknya
bicara?
The Third
Shift, in the
second point
12. On page 84:
“Other facts known?”
On page 22:
“Ada fakta lain yang
diketahui?”
The First Shift,
in the first
point
13. On page 84:
“Yes,” said Lizzie. “It is
strange and all the lost cat
notices mentioned that they
had nice coats. That seemed
a bit odd.”
On page 22:
“Ya,” kata Lizzie. “Itu
memang aneh. Dan
pengumuman tantang
kucing-kucing hilang itu
menyebutkan bahwa
mereka semua memiliki
bulu yang bagus. Hal ini
sepertinya agak janggal.”
The Fourth
Shift and The
First Shift, in
the first and the
second point
14. On page 86:
Do you remember Ms Wiz,
our magical teacher?
On page 24:
Mama ingat Ms Wiz, guru
kami yang ajaib?
The Third
People called her a witch
but she always said that she
was a paranormal operative.
Well it‟s her. Except now
she‟s a tramp.
Orang bilang dia penyihir,
tapi dia sendiri selalu
mengatakan, dia pekerja
paranormal. Nah, dialah
yang kutemui. Hanya saja,
sekarang dia jadi
gelandangan.
Shift, in the
third point
15. On page 87:
Mrs Thompson read the
note again. Slowly the
awful truth began to sink in.
On page 25:
Mrs Thompson membaca
surat itu sekali lagi.
Perlahan-lahan, kenyataan
yang mengerikan itu mulai
dicernanya.
The First Shift,
in the second
point
16. On page 88:
Because it wasn‟t really a
home at all. It was an
extremely old car with flat
tyres and dents all over it. It
did have curtains but even
they were more like rags,
hung over the windows to
stop people peering in.
On page 26:
Karena itu sama sekali
bukan rumah. Itu hanyalah
sebuah mobil yang sudah
sangat tua, dengan ban-ban
yang kempes dan badan
lecet-lecet. “Rumah” itu
memang bertirai, tapi
tirainya lebih mirip kain
gombal yang sekadar
digantungkan di jendela
agar orang tak dapat
mengintip kedalam.
The First Shift,
in the first and
the second
point
17. On page 91:
Lizzie couldn‟t believe her
eyes. It was as if she was no
longer in a rusty old wreck
of a car but in a warm
country cottage.
On page 29:
Lizzie tak dapat
mempercayai matanya. Ia
seperti tak lagi berada
dalam sebuah mobil tua
yang rongsok, tapi dalam
sebuah pondok pedesaan
yang hangat.
The First Shift,
in the first and
the second
point
18. On page 92:
“Gloves,” said Ms Wiz
grimly.” That‟s why all the
cats that have disappeared
have nice coats.”
On page 30:
“Sarung tangan,” kata Ms
Wiz dengan muram.”
Itulah sebabnya semua
kucing lenyap itu bulunya
bagus-bagus.
The First Shift,
in the first
point
19. On page 96:
“According to information
received, this Ms Wiz has in
the past turned teachers into
geese, removed a school
On page 34:
“Menurut informasi yang
kami terima, Ms Wiz ini
diwaktu yang lalu telah
mengubah guru-guru
The First Shift,
in the first
point
inspector‟s trousers and
released about a thousand
white mice into the
children‟s ward of a general
hospital. That‟s not what I
call alright.”
menjadi angsa, melucuti
celana panjang, Penilik
Sekolah, dan melepaskan
sekitar seribu ekor tikus
putih kedalam bangsal
anak di rumah sakit umum.
Menurutku, itu bukannya
taka pa-apa.”
20. On page 97:
“This tabby puss is a young
„un,” said the older man.
“Shall I let it go?”
On page 35:
“Pus betina ini masih
muda,” kata pria yang lebih
tua. “Apa sebaiknya
kulepaskan saja?”
The First Shift,
in the second
point
21. On page 99: “The moment we arrive, we
put our plan into action,”
said Ms Wiz as they drove
quietly down the dark
streets always keeping a
safe distance from the
catnappers in front of them.
On page 37:
“Begitu kita tiba, kita akan
menjalankan rencana kita,”
ujar Ms Wiz, ketika
mereka diam-diam
berkendara di jalanan yang
gelap. Mereka selalu
berhati-hati menjaga jarak
dari para penculik kucing
didepan mereka.
The First Shift,
in the first and
the second
point
22. On page 100: “What a lovely cat,” Ms
Wiz said.
On page 39:
“Kucing yang sangat
cantik,” kata Ms Wiz.
The First Shift,
in the second
point
23. On page 101: The men were carrying the
sack up the steps to the
house when Lizzie, now a
sleek black cat, went after
them. As they opened the
door, she slipped in behind
them.
On page 39:
Pria-pria itu menaiki
tangga menuju ke rumah,
sambil membawa karung
berisi kucing-kucing hasil
tangkapan mereka. Lizzie
yang kini sudah menjadi
seekor kucing berbulu
hitam yang mulus, segera
mengejar mereka. Ketika
mereka membuka pintu,
Lizzie menyelinap masuk
dibelakang mereka.
The First Shift,
in the second
point
24. On page 102:
It was then that she felt a
heavy hand on her shoulder.
On page 40:
Saat itulah ia merasakan
sebuah tangan yang berat
jatuh ke atas bahunya.
The First Shift,
in the second
point
25. On page 103: On page 41:
Nobody noticed you, for
example. You could creep
under tables and hide in the
shadows.
Tak seorang pun
memperhatikanmu…itu
salah satu contoh enaknya
jadi kucing. Kau bisa
menyusup kebawah meja
dan bersembunyi di tempat
gelap.
The First Shift,
in the first
point and The
Fourth Shift
26. On page 104:
“This is the last time I take
you on a job,” said the
younger man.
On page 42:
“Ini terakhir kali aku
memberimu pekerjaan,”
kata pria yang lebih muda.
The First Shift,
in the second
point
27. On page 110: “Right,” said the sergeant.
“She can spend the night in
the cells. Tomorrow
morning we‟ve got two of
Lizzie‟s classmates coming
in to tell us whether this
really is the famous Ms
Wiz.”
On page 48:
“Baiklah,” ujar sersan.
“Biar dia menginap di sel
malam ini. Besok pagi dua
teman sekelas Lizzie akan
datang untuk memberitahu
kita apakah dia benar-benar
Ms Wiz yang tersohor.”
The First Shift,
in the first and
the second
point
28. On page 115: “Think of them as pelts,
Mrs D‟Arcy,” said the
younger catnapper
nervously. “That‟s what
they will be soon.”
On page 55: “Anggap saja mereka kulit
bulu, Mrs D‟arcy,”
penculik kucing yang lebih
muda berkata dengan
gugup. “Sebentar lagi toh
mereka akan dikuliti.”
The First Shift,
in the first and
the second
point
29. On page 118: Just then the older catnapper
limped up the stairs from
the cellar.
On page 57:
Tepat pada saat itu,
penculik kucing yang lebih
tua berjalan terpincang-
pincang menaiki tangga
dari gudang bawah tanah.
The First Shift,
in the first and
the second
point
30. On page 124: “All right,” said PC Boote,
shaking himself as if he had
just awoken from a rather
strange dream.
On page 63:
“Baik,” kata Kopral Boote,
mengguncang dirinya
sendiri seakan-akan baru
terbangun dari mimpi yang
aneh.
The First Shift,
in the second
point
B. Data Analysis
In the data analysis, the writer analyzes the process of transposition:
1. SL: “oh I see,” said Mr Bailey. “Here we all are in the middle of an
English lesson, discussing similes, and Lizzie‟s off in a private fantasy
about her cat. That‟s absolutely fine then, isn‟t it?”
TL: “Oh, begitu,” kata Mr bailey. “Di tengah pelajaran Bahasa Inggris,
saat kita semua sedang mendiskusikan simile, Lizzie malah asyik
melamun sendiri tentang kucingnya. Bagus sekali, bukan?”
In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from
plural in SL into singular in TL: similes is translated into simile. This is
transposition in the first point of The First Shift. The translator doesn‟t
need to translate similes into simile-simile because it will experience words
improvidence that is not appropriate in norm of Bahasa Indonesia.
2. SL: “Our teacher is like someone who doesn‟t know how you feel when
you lose a pet and then he can‟t even manage to be nice when a person‟s
so upset that she can‟t concentrate on a boring English lesson, especially
when it‟s taught by a cat-hater. Or is that metaphor, sir?”
TL: “Guru kita bagaikan orang yang tak mengerti perasaanmu ketika kau
kehilangan binatang piaraan. Dia bahkan tak mampu bersikap ramah,
ketika sesorang begitu resahnya sehingga tak bisa memusatkan perhatian
pada pelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang membosankan, apalagi kalau
pengajarnya adalah pembenci kucing. Ini simile atau metafora, sir?”
In the sentence above, there are transpositions in words a boring
English lesson that is translated into pelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang
membosankan and or is that metaphor sir? that is translated into ini simile
atau metafora, sir?. This translation case shows a structural change from
Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive into Noun + Clause
and replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. This
is transposition in the second point of The Third Shift and The Fourth
Shift. The translator translates a boring English lesson into pelajaran
Bahasa Inggris yang membosankan because in SL those words are a noun
phrase, so the translator must translate it into noun clause in TL; so that it
doesn‟t change the meaning.
3. SL: “I‟ve looked everywhere,” said Lizzie‟s mother, when she arrived
home. “In cupboards. Down the street. In the park─“ she hesitated. “Under
cars.”
TL: “Mama telah mencari dimana-mana,” kata ibu Lizzie, ketika Lizzie
tiba di rumah. “Di lemari. Di jalan. Di taman…” ibu Lizzie ragu-ragu
sejenak. “Di kolong-kolong mobil.”
In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from
plural in SL into singular in TL. This is transposition in the first point of
The First Shift. The translator only translates cupboards and cars into
lemari and mobil because in Bahasa Indonesia it represents the entire
cupboard and car in the world.
4. SL: Tears welled up in Lizzie‟s eyes.
TL: Air mata menggenangi mata Lizzie.
In this translation case, a change of word occurs from plural in SL
into singular in TL: tears is translated into air mata and eyes is translated
into mata. In English, some noun such as eyes always occurs in a plural
form. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. The
translator translates eyes into mata because eyes consist of two eyes that
can‟t separate. If the translator translates into mata-mata, it will have
different meaning.
5. SL: Mrs Thompson put her arm around her daughter. “It‟s dangerous for
cats around here. People drive so fast,” she said, adding gently, “He‟s had
a good innings.”
TL: Mrs Thompson memeluk putrinya. “Keadaan di sekitar sini berbahaya
bagi kucing. Banyak orang yang suka ngebut,” katanya. Kemudian ia
menambahkan dengan lembut, “Waif sudah mengalami hidup yang
menyenangkan.”
In the sentence above, there is translation case typifies a structural
change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: good innings is
translated into hidup yang menyenangkan. This is transposition in the
second point of The First Shift. In the underline words above, the
translator translates good innings into hidup yang menyenangkan because
in Bahasa Indonesia a Noun is always followed by Adjective or Modifier.
6. SL: “Listen, miss. I know cats. They wander. Especially toms.”
TL: “Dengar, nona. Aku tahu sifat kucing. Mereka suka berkeliaran.
Apalagi tom.”
In the sentence above, the words I know cats is translated into aku
tahu (sifat) kucing, the translator use the word sifat, so there is
transposition of The Fourth Shift as a replacement of a virtual lexical gap
by a grammatical structure and then other transposition that changed from
plural in SL into singular in TL are the words cats and toms is translated
into kucing and tom. This is transposition in the first point of The First
Shift. The translator translates cats and toms into kucing and tom because
in Bahasa Indonesia we don‟t need to say kucing-kucing or tom-tom, we
just need to say kucing or tom that is enough to say the entire cat or tom in
the world.
7. SL: “Don‟t worry, miss,” said the second policeman quickly. “We‟ll let
you know if we hear of a lost cat just give PC Boote here the details.
TL: “Jangan kuatir, nona,” kata polisi kedua cepat-cepat. “Kami akan
memberitahumu, jika kami mendapat kabar tentang kucing yang tersesat.
Berikan saja cirri-cirinya pada Kopral Boote sekarang.”
In the sentence above, there is transposition in word lost cat that is
translated into kucing yang tersesat. This translation case shows a
structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is
transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator
translates lost cat into kucing yang tersesat because in Bahasa Indonesia
an adjective or a modifier can‟t be in front of noun.
8. SL: “What you need is a spot of magic,” said a familiar voice. It was the
tramp who had seen Lizzie in the park. She was pushing a pram full of old
rags. On which sat a china cat with odd, glowing eyes.
TL: “Yang kau perlukan adalah sedikit keajaiban,” kata sebuah suara yang
tak asing baginya. Itu suara gelandangan yang tadi melihat Lizzie di
taman. Gelandangan itu mendorong sebuah kereta bayi penuh pakaian
bekas. Diatasnya bertengger seekor kucing porselen yang matanya tampak
berbinar aneh.
In the sentence above, there is transposition that happen; Adjective
+ Noun into Noun + Modifier. Here there is transposition of word familiar
voice that is translated into suara yang tak asing lagi. This is transposition
in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates familiar
voice into suara yang tak asing lagi because in Bahasa Indonesia, there is
no an adjective or a modifier in front of noun.
9. SL: A Strange Coincidence
TL: Kebetulan yang Aneh
This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective +
Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of
The First Shift. The translator translates a strange coincidence into
kebetulan yang aneh because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always
followed by adjective or modifier.
10. SL: An old man at the next table was darting suspicious looks in their
direction as he shook a tomato ketchup bottle over his egg and chips.
TL: Seorang lelaki tua duduk di meja disebelah meja mereka. Ia
melemparkan pandangan penuh curiga kearah mereka, sambil mengocok
botol saus tomat dan menuangkan isinya keatas telur serta kentang
gorengnya.
There is transposition that happens: Plural in SL into Singular in
TL: chips is translated into kentang goreng. This is transposition in the first
point of The First Shift. The translator translates chips into kentang goreng
because in Bahasa Indonesia it will experience repetition that doesn‟t need
if the translator translates it into kentang goreng-kentang goreng.
11. SL: “I see,” said Lizzie quietly. She was beginning to wonder whether she
was right to be here, sitting in a café with Ms Wiz. A worrying thought
had occurred to her. Maybe it was somebody pretending to be Ms Wiz.
What if this was the Danger Stranger she had always been told never to
talk to?
TL: “Oh, begitu,” kata Lizzie pelan. Ia mulai bertanya-tanya apakah
perbuatannya ini benar, duduk di kafe bersama Ms Wiz. Pikiran yang
mencemaskan melintas dalam benaknya. Barangkali ini orang lain yang
berpura-pura menjadi Ms Wiz. Bagaimana kalau dia ternyata Orang Asing
Berbahaya yang kata orang tuanya tak boleh diajaknya bicara?
This translation case shows a structural change from Noun phrase
with Adjective from Verb intransitive into Noun + Clause: worrying
thought is translated into pikiran yang mencemaskan. This is transposition
in the second point of The Third Shift. The translator translates a worrying
thought into pikiran yang mencemaskan because in SL those words are a
noun phrase, so the translator must translate it into noun clause in TL; so
that it doesn‟t change the meaning.
12. SL: “Other facts known?”
TL: “Ada fakta lain yang diketahui?”
This translation case shows a structural change from Plural in SL
into Singular in TL. This is transposition in the first point of The First
Shift. In the underline word above, facts is translated into fakta because in
Bahasa Indonesia, it is enough to say all the facts.
13. SL: “Yes,” said Lizzie. “It is strange and all the lost cat notices mentioned
that they had nice coats. That seemed a bit odd.”
TL: “Ya,” kata Lizzie, “itu memang aneh. Dan pengumuman tantang
kucing-kucing hilang itu menyebutkan bahwa mereka semua memiliki
bulu yang bagus. Hal ini sepertinya agak janggal.”
In the sentences above, the words it is strange is translated into itu
(memang) aneh, the translator use the word memang, so there is
transposition of The Fourth Shift as a replacement of a virtual lexical gap
by a grammatical structure and then other transpositions that changed
from Plural in SL into Singular in TL: coats is translated into bulu, and
Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: nice coats is translated into bulu
yang bagus. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The
First Shift. The translator translates nice coats into bulu yang bagus
because in Bahasa Indonesia Adjective can‟t be in front of Noun.
14. SL: Do you remember Ms Wiz, our magical teacher? People called her a
witch but she always said that she was a paranormal operative. Well it‟s
her. Except now she‟s a tramp.
TL: Mama ingat Ms Wiz, guru kami yang ajaib? Orang bilang dia
penyihir, tapi dia sendiri selalu mengatakan, dia pekerja paranormal. Nah,
dialah yang kutemui. Hanya saja, sekarang dia jadi gelandangan.
In the sentence above, there is transposition that happens: Adjective
+ Noun into Noun + Noun: paranormal operative is translated into
pekerja paranormal. This is transposition in the third point of The Third
Shift. The word paranormal operative is a noun phrase in English, but in
Bahasa Indonesia is translated into pekerja paranormal that is a unity of
noun.
15. SL: Mrs Thompson read the note again. Slowly the awful truth began to
sink in.
TL: Mrs Thompson membaca surat itu sekali lagi. Perlahan-lahan,
kenyataan yang mengerikan itu mulai dicernanya.
In the sentence above, there is translation case typifies a structural
change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: awful truth is
translated into kenyataan yang mengerikan because in Bahasa Indonesia
an adjective or a modifier can‟t be in front of noun. This is transposition in
the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates awful truth
into kenyataan yang mengerikan because in Bahasa Indonesia, there is no
an adjective or a modifier in front of noun; so that it caused a structural
change between SL/English and TL/Bahasa Indonesia.
16. SL: Because it wasn‟t really a home at all. It was an extremely old car with
flat tyres and dents all over it. It did have curtains but even they were more
like rags, hung over the windows to stop people peering in.
TL: Karena itu sama sekali bukan rumah. Itu hanyalah sebuah mobil yang
sudah sangat tua, dengan ban-ban yang kempes dan badan lecet-lecet.
“Rumah” itu memang bertirai, tapi tirainya lebih mirip kain gombal yang
sekadar digantungkan di jendela agar orang tak dapat mengintip kedalam.
In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1)
Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: flat tyres is translated into ban-
ban yang kempes, and (2) Plural in SL into Singular in TL: curtains, rags
and windows are translated into tirai, kain gombal and jendela. This is
transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In word
flat tyres is translated into ban-ban yang kempes because in Bahasa
Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier; whereas in
words curtains, rags and window, we don‟t need to translate it into plural
word in Bahasa Indonesia, we just need to translate into tirai, kain gombal
and jendela.
17. SL: Lizzie couldn‟t believe her eyes. It was as if she was no longer in a
rusty old wreck of a car but in a warm country cottage.
TL: Lizzie tak dapat mempercayai matanya. Ia seperti tak lagi berada
dalam sebuah mobil tua yang rongsok, tapi dalam sebuah pondok pedesaan
yang hangat.
This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective +
Noun into Noun + Modifier that consist of adjectives row and number: a
warm country cottage is translated into sebuah pondok pedesaan yang
hangat beside that, it shows a structural change from Plural in SL into
Singular in TL: eyes is translated into mata. This is transposition in the
first and the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates warm
country cottage into sebuah pondok pedesaan yang hangat because if a
noun phrase in English consists of adjectives row and number, the
translating begin from the closest adjective with the noun.
18. SL: “Gloves,” said Ms Wiz grimly.”Fur gloves. That‟s why all the cats
that have disappeared have nice coats.”
TL: “Sarung tangan,” kata Ms Wiz dengan muram. “Sarung tangan bulu.
Itulah sebabnya semua kucing lenyap itu bulunya bagus-bagus.
In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from
plural in SL into singular in TL: gloves, cats and coats are translated into
sarung tangan, kucing and bulu. This is transposition in the first point of
The First Shift. In words gloves, cats and coats are translated into sarung
tangan, kucing and bulu because in Bahasa Indonesia, it will experience
words improvidence if it is translated into sarung tangan-sarung tangan,
kucing-kucing, and bulu-bulu.
19. SL: “All right?” PC Boote seemed surprised. “According to information
received, this Ms Wiz has in the past turned teachers into geese, removed a
school inspector‟s trousers and released about a thousand white mice into
the children‟s ward of a general hospital. That‟s not what I call all right.”
TL: “Tak apa-apa?” Kopral Boote kelihatan heran. “Menurut informasi
yang kami terima, Ms Wiz ini diwaktu yang lalu telah mengubah guru-
guru menjadi angsa, melucuti celana panjang, Penilik Sekolah, dan
melepaskan sekitar seribu ekor tikus putih kedalam bangsal anak di rumah
sakit umum. Menurutku, itu bukannya tak apa-apa.”
In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from
plural in SL into singular in TL: geese, trousers and mice are translated
into angsa, celana panjang, and tikus. This is transposition in the first
point of The First Shift. In the underline words above, geese, trousers and
mice are translated into angsa, celana panjang, and tikus because it will
experience words improvidence that is not appropriate in norm of Bahasa
Indonesia if it is translated into angsa-angsa, celana panjang-celana
panjang, and tikus-tikus.
20. SL: “This tabby puss is a young „un,” said the older man. “Shall I let it
go?”
TL: “Pus betina ini masih muda,” kata pria yang lebih tua. “Apa sebaiknya
kulepaskan saja?”
This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective +
Noun into Noun + Modifier: older man is translated into pria yang lebih
tua. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The
translator translates older man into pria yang lebih tua because in Bahasa
Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.
21. SL: “The moment we arrive, we put our plan into action,” said Ms Wiz as
they drove quietly down the dark streets always keeping a safe distance
from the catnappers in front of them.
TL: “Begitu kita tiba, kita akan menjalankan rencana kita,” ujar Ms Wiz,
ketika mereka diam-diam berkendara di jalanan yang gelap. Mereka selalu
berhati-hati menjaga jarak dari para penculik kucing didepan mereka.
In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from
Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: dark streets is translated into
jalanan yang gelap. Beside that in word streets, shows a structural change:
Plural in SL into Singular in TL. This is transposition in the first and the
second point of The First Shift. In word dark streets is translated into
jalanan yang gelap because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always
followed by adjective or modifier.
22. SL: “What a lovely cat,” Ms Wiz said.
TL: “Kucing yang sangat cantik,” kata Ms Wiz.
This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective +
Noun into Noun + Modifier: lovely cat is translated into kucing yang
sangat cantik. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift.
The translator translates lovely cat into kucing yang sangat cantik because
in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.
23. SL: The men were carrying the sack up the steps to the house when Lizzie,
now a sleek black cat, went after them. As they opened the door, she
slipped in behind them.
TL: Pria-pria itu menaiki tangga menuju ke rumah, sambil membawa
karung berisi kucing-kucing hasil tangkapan mereka. Lizzie yang kini
sudah menjadi seekor kucing berbulu hitam yang mulus, segera mengejar
mereka. Ketika mereka membuka pintu, Lizzie menyelinap masuk
dbelakang mereka.
This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective +
Noun into Noun + Modifier that consist of adjectives row and number: a
sleek black cat is translated into seekor kucing berbulu hitam yang mulus.
This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. This case is
indicating that if a noun phrase consists of adjectives row and number, so
the translating begin from the closest adjective with the noun.
24. SL: It was then that she felt a heavy hand on her shoulder.
TL: Saat itulah ia merasakan sebuah tangan yang berat jatuh ke atas
bahunya.
This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective +
Noun into Noun + Modifier: heavy hand is translated into tangan yang
berat. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The
translator translates heavy hand into tangan yang berat because in Bahasa
Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.
25. SL: Nobody noticed you, for example. You could creep under tables and
hide in the shadows.
TL: Tak seorang pun memperhatikanmu…itu salah satu contoh enaknya
jadi kucing. Kau bisa menyusup kebawah meja dan bersembunyi di tempat
gelap.
In this translation case above, the translator use the words enaknya
jadi kucing in translating nobody noticed you, for example into tak seorang
pun memperhatikanmu…itu salah satu contoh (enaknya jadi kucing,), so
there is transposition of The Fourth Shift as a replacement of a virtual
lexical gap by grammatical structure in TL and then there is transposition
of word tables that is translated into meja. A change of word category
occurs from plural in SL into singular in TL. This is transposition in the
first point of The First Shift. In word tables is translated into meja because
in Bahasa Indonesia, we just need to say meja to say the whole tables in
the world.
26. SL: “This is the last time I take you on a job,” said the younger man.
TL: “Ini terakhir kali aku memberimu pekerjaan,” kata pria yang lebih
muda.
In this translation case above, there is transposition of word
younger man that is translated into pria yang lebih muda. A change of
word category occurs from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This
is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator
translates younger man into pria yang lebih muda because in Bahasa
Indonesia adjective or modifier always follows noun.
27. SL: “Right,” said the sergeant. “She can spend the night in the cells.
Tomorrow morning we‟ve got two of Lizzie‟s classmates coming in to tell
us whether this really is the famous Ms Wiz.”
TL: “Baiklah,” ujar sersan. “Biar dia menginap di sel malam ini. Besok
pagi dua teman sekelas Lizzie akan datang untuk memberitahu kita apakah
dia benar-benar Ms Wiz yang tersohor.”
In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen (1)
Plural in SL into singular in TL: cells is translated into sel, (2) a change of
word category occurs from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier:
famous Ms Wiz is translated into Ms Wiz yang tersohor. This is
transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In the first
point, the translator translates cells into sel because if we see the whole
sentence “she can spend the night in the cells”, it means “dia dapat
menghabiskan malamnya di sel” not “dia dapat menghabiskan malamnya
di sel-sel”. So, “she” in this sentence only one person and can spend the
night only in one cell. The translator translates famous Ms Wiz into Ms Wiz
yang tersohor because in Bahasa Indonesia adjective or modifier can‟t be
in front of a noun.
28. SL: “Think of them as pelts, Mrs D‟Arcy,” said the younger catnapper
nervously. “That‟s what they will be soon.”
TL: “Anggap saja mereka kulit bulu, Mrs D‟arcy,” penculik kucing yang
lebih muda berkata dengan gugup. Sebentar lagi toh mereka akan dikuliti.”
In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1)
Plural in SL into singular in TL: pelts is translated into kulit bulu, (2)
Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: younger catnapper is translated
into penculik kucing yang lebih muda. This is transposition in the first and
the second point of The First Shift. In word younger catnapper is
translated into penculik kucing yang lebih muda because in Bahasa
Indonesia there is no adjective or modifier in front of a noun.
29. SL: Just then the older catnapper limped up the stairs from the cellar.
TL: Tepat pada saat itu, penculik kucing yang lebih tua berjalan
terpincang-pincang menaiki tangga dari gudang bawah tanah.
In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1)
in word stairs is translated into tangga, a structural change from Plural in
SL into singular in TL, (2) in word older catnapper is translated into
penculik kucing yang lebih tua, it shows a structural change from Adjective
+ Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the first and the
second point of The First Shift. In word stairs, the translator translates into
tangga, because “tangga” consist of several “anak tangga”; so in English
people called it stairs as a plural noun but in Bahasa Indonesia people just
called it tangga as a singular noun; the translator translates older
catnapper into penculik kucing yang lebih tua because in Bahasa
Indonesia an adjective or a modifier always follows a noun.
30. SL: “All right,” said PC Boote, shaking himself as if he had just awoken
from a rather strange dream.
TL: “Baik,” kata Kopral Boote, mengguncang dirinya sendiri seakan-akan
baru terbangun dari mimpi yang aneh.
This is translation case typifies a structural change from Adjective
+ Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of
The First Shift. The translator translates a rather strange dream into mimpi
yang aneh because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by
adjective or modifier; so that it caused a structural change between
SL/English and TL/Bahasa Indonesia.
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the result of the research that has been conducted by the writer, it
can be concluded that there are so many transpositions that can be found in
“You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz”. As the writer knows, English and Indonesia are two
different languages that have different rules. So, it causes a different structure
between two languages. In this case, the writer also concludes that transposition is
a structural change from SL to TL without changing the meaning.
In this research, the writer has found at least forty one transpositions, the
details are as follows:
1. The first point of the first shift is a structural change from Plural in SL into
Singular in TL: sixteen shifts.
2. The second point of the first shift is a structural change from Adjective +
Noun in SL into Noun + Modifier in TL: eighteen shifts.
3. The second point of the third shift is a structural change from Noun phrase
with Adjective from Verb intransitive in SL into Noun + Clause in TL:
two shifts.
4. The third point of the third shift is a structural change from Adjective +
Noun in SL into Noun + Noun in TL: one shift.
5. The words as the replacement of the virtual lexical gap in TL by the
grammatical structure which are found in The Fourth Shift: four shifts.
B. Suggestion
There are some suggestions that the writer would like to give as follows:
1. To get a good translation, a translator must be able in SL (source
language) and TL (target language) in order to adapt and improvise on the
translation.
2. To get a good translation, a translator must have a good knowledge about
structure in SL (source language) and TL (target language).
3. To get a good translation, a translator must refer in translation procedure
especially transposition.
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