Abstract Book I

International Conference on Technology, Engineering and Science (IConTES) October 26-29, 2017, Antalya, Turkey

I Abstract Book


I Abstract Book

Index PATIENT SPECIFIC IMPLANT DESIGN AND PRODUCTION FOR CLOSURE OF SKULL DEFECTS ........1

QUANTITATIVE PHASE ANALYSIS OF ARMOUR STEEL WELDED JOINT BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION ...2

ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING ON ABS PLASTIC BY USING ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

CHEMICALS ...................................................................................................................................3

STAINING EFFECT OF PUNICA GRANATUM FLOWER EXTRACT ON HUMAN BLOOD CELLS: FIRST

RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................4

EXTRACTION OF NATURAL HISTOLOGICAL DYE FROM RED CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEAE)

AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS STAINING PROPERTY ON THE ONION ROOT CELL ...........................5

A CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PETROLEUM PRICES AND THE GDP

OF G20 COUNTRIES ......................................................................................................................6

A RESEARCH ON WOMEN EMPLOYMENT IN TURKEY ...................................................................7

THE EFFECTS OF ADHESIVE TYPES AND EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE THERMAL

CONDUCTIVITY OF PLYWOOD ......................................................................................................8

THE EFFECT OF GROWING REGIONS ON SOME TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ALDER...........9

SOME TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD PRODUCED FROM POLYETHYLENE FOAMS

WASTE ........................................................................................................................................10

EFFECT OF VENEER DRYING TYPES ON SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSTREN

COMPOSITE PLYWOOD ...............................................................................................................11

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW PHOTOSENSITIZERS TO BE USED IN

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT) ...............................................................................................12

IN VITRO COMMERCIAL MICROPROPAGATION OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA (BERTONI) ................13

LOW COST AND PRECISE ELECTRONIC TACHOGENERATOR FOR SPEED CONTROL APPLICATIONS

OF BLDC MOTOR DRIVE WITH 150-DEGREE CONDUCTION MODE INVERTER ............................14

REMOVAL OF CU(II) IONS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY CHEMICALLY MODIFIED

NATURAL PLANT WASTES ...........................................................................................................15

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE HAZELNUT SHELL WASTE ON THE

PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS ...................................................................................16

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERZATION OF VARIOUS ACID AND ALKALI MODIFIED HAZELNUT

SHELL WASTES BASED BIOEPOXY COMPOSITES .........................................................................17


II Abstract Book

USING OF TIRE WASTES IN EPOXY COMPOSITES-A NEW DEVELOPING SOLUTION TO THE WASTE

PROBLEM ....................................................................................................................................18

A REVIEW OF TACTICAL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE DESIGN STUDIES ...................................19

ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM SOME ORIGANUM SPECIES .............20

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM ORIGANUM SOLYMICUM WITH ANTIOXIDANT

ACTIVITIES...................................................................................................................................21

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AL/FE PILLARED SEPIOLITE FOR CWPO OF METHYL

ORANGE ......................................................................................................................................22

EFFECT OF SOIL-STRUCTURE DYNAMICS INTERACTION ON LATERAL FORCES AFFECTING THE

STRUCTURES ...............................................................................................................................22

DESIGN OF BIOGAS UNIT FOR CATTLE FARMS ............................................................................23

TURKEY'S RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ..................................................................................24

ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEAN UNDER HYBRID RANKED SET SAMPLING SCHEME ..........24

EFFECT OF LOCUST EXTRACT ON TYPE OF IN-LINE DRIPPING CLOGGING ..................................25

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHEMISTRY MOTIVATION WITH CHEMISTRY

LABORATORY ANXIETY THROUGH STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING ...................................26

THE EFFECT OF HIGH ENERGY BALL MILLING APPLICATIONS ON ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF

COAL FLY ASH TO REMOVAL OF SOME HEAVY METALS .............................................................27

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REGRESSION AND DIFFERENT MULTIVARIATE OPTIMIZATION MODELS

FOR CU(II) IONS ADSORPTION ONTO DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) SEEDS ...............28

CAPNODIS SPECIES (BUPRESTIDAE) IN GAZI UNIVERSITY ZOOLOGY MUSEUM ..........................29

POWERPLANT SYSTEM DESIGN FOR UNMANNED TRICOPTER ...................................................30

ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY MICRO AND NANO-SIZE MGO

PARTICLES ...................................................................................................................................31

IMAGING PLANT CELL WALLS BY USING MOLECULAR PROBES ..................................................31

EFFECT OF MECHANICAL ACTIVATION ON ACID LEACHING FOR NICKEL RECOVERY FROM

LATERITIC ORE: OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS ........................................................32

ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE IN NANOSTRUCTURES .............................................33

PRESSURE LOSS AND HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT ASSESSMENT OF LIQUID SODIUM (NA) AND

LIQUID LEAD BISMUTH EUTECTIC (LBE) IN ABSORBER TUBE ......................................................33


III Abstract Book

THE HEART OF INNOVATION-BASED INFORMATION ECONOMY: LIFE-LONG LEARNING ...........34

USE OF WASTE WIRES DERIVED FROM END-OF-LIFE TIRES (ELTS) IN SELF-CONSOLIDATING

CONCRETES .................................................................................................................................35

ABOUT THE SAFETY BY USING OF MOBILE CRANES ....................................................................35

DETERMINING MOMENT-CURVATURE RELATIONSHIP OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS 36

DETERMINING EFFECTIVE FLEXURAL STIFFNESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS AND

COMPARISON WITH CODES ........................................................................................................37

EVALUATION OF EMPIRICAL YIELD CURVATURE EQUATION DEFINED IN TECB-2016 FOR

RECTANGULAR SHEAR WALLS ....................................................................................................38

TRENGTHENING FRAMEWORK OF BENDING ..............................................................................39

CATECHIN AND EPICATECHIN INDUCE CELL DEATH AND AFFECT EXPRESSION OF CELL ADHESION

MOLECULES IN HUMAN COLON CANCER CELLS .........................................................................40

PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC) INHIBITORS BISINDOLYLMALEIMIDE I AND GO 6976 EXHIBIT ANTI-

CANCER EFFECT THROUGH DOWN-REGULATION OF CELL ADHESION MOLECULES ..................41

ANALYZING THE CONTENT OF DAIRY PRODUCTS USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES .....42

SIM900 GSM/GPRS MODULE BASED INTELLIGENT DOOR-LIGHTING SYSTEM DESIGN ..............43

INVESTIGATION OF METHODS USED IN MODELING AND FORECASTING OF STREAM FLOWS AND

LOCATION OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS IN THIS AREA ....................................................43

EVALUATION OF URBAN FURNITURES IN WATERFRONT PARKS ACCORDING TO USERS: SAMPLE

OF TRABZON ...............................................................................................................................44

INFLUENCE OF AL CONTENT AND ASSOCIATED β-PHASE MORPHOLOGY ON CORROSION

PROPERTIES OF MG/AL ALLOYS ..................................................................................................45

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF A RC SCHOOL BUILDING CONSIDERING DIFFERENT SOIL CLASSES 46

AUTOMATION SYSTEM DESIGN FOR FAULT DETECTION IN STREET LIGHTING...........................47

DESIGN OF A COIL LATH BONDING MACHINE FOR DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER ...................48

EFFECT OF SALINE WATER ON SILTY SOILS .................................................................................49

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF FLY ASH IN ROAD SUBBASE ..........................................................50

ROLE OF PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES IN IMPROVING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ SKILLS IN STOICHIOMETRY

AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS .........................................51


IV Abstract Book

HOME ELECTRICITY AUTOMATION VIA IOT: SMART MOBILE PHONE AND BEACON SUPPORTED

PROGRAMMABLE HOME TYPE FUSE ..........................................................................................52

STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF FINNISH, SLOVENIAN,

ESTONIAN AND ICELANDIC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION ..............................................................53

DETERMINATION OF BIOEQUIVALENCE OF METFORMIN TABLETS USING URINARY EXCRETION

DATA ...........................................................................................................................................54

EFFECT OF CORROSION INHIBITORS ON FOAMING TENDENCIES OF REAL INDUSTRIAL LEAN

MDEA SOLUTIONS ......................................................................................................................55

A NOVEL HYBRID EDGE DETECTION TECHNIQUE: ABC-FA ..........................................................56

A HEALTH PROBLEM BRUCELLOSIS; BRUCELLA SPP. RESEARCH IN VILLAGE CHEESES PRODUCED

IN GIRESUN REGION ...................................................................................................................57

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHROMOSOME NUMBER EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY IN

CERAMBYCIDAE (COLEOPTERA) ..................................................................................................58

STRATEGIC PLANNING TO PREVENT THE EFFECTS OF GENTRIFICATION IN KADIKOY-

YELDEGIRMENI ...........................................................................................................................59

APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR MODELS IN LOCAL GNSS/LEVELLING GEOID DETERMINATION

STUDIES ......................................................................................................................................60

AN EXEMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF GPS AND GLONASS DATA ON BASELINE PROCESSING ....61

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BENZOIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE LIGANDS ON GLUTATHIONE

REDUCTASE ENZYME ..................................................................................................................62

SYNTHESIS, DFT STUDIES AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE INHIBITITORY ACTIVITIES OF NEW

BENZIMIDAZOLYL SCHIFF BASES COPPER(II) COMPLEXES ..........................................................63

CRITICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS CHANGING OF RED PEPPER IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT

IRRIGATION METHODS AND LEVELS ...........................................................................................64

LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF CHUB SQUALIUS CEPHALUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) INHABITING

SIDDIKLI KUCUKBOGAZ DAM LAKE, KIRSEHIR, TURKEY ..............................................................65

NOVEL POLY(L-LACTIDE) MACROMONOMERS BEARING 2-[(4-FLUOROBENZYL)THIO]ETOXY AND

3-[(4-FLUOROBENZYL)THIO]PROPYLOXY UNITS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION .............66

NOVEL POLY(L-LACTIDE) MACROMONOMERS BEARING 2-[(PENTAFLUOROBENZYL)THIO] ETOXY

AND 3-[(PENTAFLUOROBENZYL)THIO] PROPYLOXY UNITS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

....................................................................................................................................................67


V Abstract Book

DETERMINATION THE EFFECTS OF DUTY CYCLE AND SWITCHING FREQUENCY ON EFFICIENCY OF

BOOST CONVERTER FOR FIXED LOAD APPLICATIONS.................................................................68

EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF LEFCA FOR INSIDE BS SITUATION IN WSNS ............................69

ENANTIOSELECTIVE RECOGNITION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS VIA TRIAZINE-BASED CHIRAL

FLUORESCENT THIAZOLES ..........................................................................................................70

ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAYS ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

FOR DAILY LOAD .........................................................................................................................71

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIUM SPP. BACTERIA FROM WILD VETCH (VICIA

CRACCA) PLANTS ........................................................................................................................72

VACCINE ASSOCIATED SARCOMA IN A CROSSBRED FEMALE CAT ..............................................73

A CASE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS CONCOMITANT WITH LYMPHOSARCOMA IN A 9 YEARS-OLD AKBAS

DOG ............................................................................................................................................74

MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA IN A THREE-YEAR-OLD ANKARA CAT .............................75

THE FUTURE OF TURKEY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY ......................................................................76

REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE AND POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) BASED

ELECTROCHEMICAL DOPAMINE BIOSENSOR IN THE PRESENCE OF ASCORBIC ACID AND URIC

ACID ............................................................................................................................................77

ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF TIO2 AND TIO2/GRAPHENE OXIDE OBTAINED BY RF-PLASMA

METHOD TOWARDS DOPAMINE ................................................................................................78

DESIGN OF LOW COST AND INNOVATIVE DATA ACQUSITION IN SOIL MECHANICS TESTING USING

OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE.........................................................................................................79

DETERMINING THE SOIL GRAIN SHAPE PARAMETERS VIA IMAGE ANALYSIS .............................80

INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF SOILS HEATED IN A MODIFIED MICROWAVE

OVEN ..........................................................................................................................................81

OPTIMUM CFRP LENGTH FOR THE HOGGING MOMENT ZONE (HMZ) OF CONTINUOUS RC T-

BEAMS ........................................................................................................................................82

FAILURE MODES OF CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE T-BEAMS STRENGTHENED USING

LAMINATES OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS ...........................................................83

ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES CHARGING METHODS AND CHARGER STATIONS........................84

ASSESSMENT OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USE IN GREENHOUSES ...............................................84


VI Abstract Book

DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FISH LENGTH AND PECTORAL FIN RAYS

LENGTH OF WELS CATFISH, SILURUS GLANIS, LINNAEUS 1758 INHABITING SIDDIKLI DAM LAKE

....................................................................................................................................................85

LIPOSARCOMA AND TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR CASE IN A TERRIER DOG ...................86

THE PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN HEART AND TONGUE IN TWO LAMBS DIED FROM MYOCARDIAL

FORM OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE .......................................................................................87

THE DETOXIFICATION PATHWAYS OF THE AFLATOXIN IN THE LIVER AND IMPORTANCE IN

POULTRY .....................................................................................................................................88

VIRTUAL ANATOMIC LAB ............................................................................................................89

SIMPLE REALIZATION OF MULTI-BIT RIPPLE CARRY ADDERS IN QCA TECHNOLOGY ..................89

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LLC RESONANT CONVERTER FOR BATTERY CHARGE

APPLICATION ..............................................................................................................................90

ESTIMATION OF WINTER SEASON SULPHUR DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS WITH AN ARTIFICIAL

NEURAL NETWORK MODEL ........................................................................................................90

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMPRESSING MEDICAL IMAGES USING DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS

....................................................................................................................................................91

A NEW RECORD FOR TURKEY: DIPLODINA VITIS .........................................................................92

PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN G-CSF FROM MICROALGAL HOST ...........................93

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA-BASED ECO-FRIENDLY MESOPOROUS NEW-

GENERATION ACIDIC CATALYSTS ................................................................................................94

DDT REMOVAL BY NANO ZERO VALENT IRON: INFLUENCE OF PH ON REMOVAL MECHANISM 95

ZOOPLANKTON FAUNA OF KARKAMIS DAM LAKE ......................................................................96

PERIOD OF OBTAINING PROGENY AND LIFE RATE FROM CATFISH (SILURUS GLANIS) ...............97

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE SENSITIVITY OF AEROMONAS SOBRIA ISOLATED

FROM GREEN TERROR (ANDINOACARA RIVULATUS) .................................................................98

THE INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE STERILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF FRITILLARIA IMPERIALIS BY THE

GREEN-SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PLANT EXTRACTS. ..................................99

PULSE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY ...........................................................................................100

THE EFFECT OF THE FRICTION PRESSURE ON THE FRICTION WELDING OF AZ91 AND TI6AL4V

ALLOS ........................................................................................................................................101

DRY SLIDING BEHAVIOURS OF FE-37.5AL-10TI ALLOY ..............................................................102


VII Abstract Book

SUPPLIER SELECTION PROBLEM DURING ONLINE SHOPPING ..................................................102

FIRST REPORT OF CRYPTOVALSA AMPELINAASSOCIATED WITH GRAPEVINE IN TURKEY .........103

IMPLEMENTATION OF FORWARD 8X8 INTEGER DCT FOR H.264/AVC FREXT ...........................104

CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ENZYME FROM ODEMIS POTATO .................105

THE RELATION OF NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION (NAO) AND NORTH SEA CASPIAN PATTERN

(NCP) WITH CLIMATE VARIABLES IN MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY ...........................106

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF USAGE OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS IN HELICOPTER ROTORS

ON THE TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS .............................................................................................107

THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND YTTRIUM SUBSTITUTION ON THE STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC

PROPERTIES OF PEROVSKITE MANGANITES .............................................................................108

A WAVELET TRANSFORMATION-GENETIC ALGORITHM-ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

COMBINED MODEL FOR PRECIPITATION FORECASTING ..........................................................108

FAST PYROLYSIS OF MARINE MACROALGAE-COAL BLENDS IN FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND

CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS .........................................................................................109

RETROFITTING SFRC BEAMS BY USING CFRP ............................................................................110

THE BEHAVIOR OF PFRC BEAMS WITH AND WITHOUT WEB REINFORCEMENT .......................111

ANALYSIS OF FACIAL CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................111

WATER QUALITY LIMITATION FOR TURBIDITY BASED SEDIMENT MEASUREMENT IN RIVERS .112

DEVELOPING LINEAR AND NONLINEAR MODELS OF ABB IRB120 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT WITH

MAPLESIM MULTIBODY MODELLING SOFTWARE ....................................................................113

AN EMOTION ANALYSIS ALGORITHM AND IMPLEMENTATION TONAO HUMANOID ROBOT ..114

IMPROVEMENT OF THE BAND DETECTION PERFORMANCE OF DNA GEL IMAGES USING A

NONLINEAR PREPROCESSING OPERATION ...............................................................................115

CONTROL OF FRONT-WHEEL STEERING ANGLE OF UNMANNED AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES WITH

ANN-BASED CONTROL SYSTEM ................................................................................................116

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF D-103 NEMATOGEN DEPENDS ON TEMPERATURE AND FREQUENCY

..................................................................................................................................................117

A STUDY ON IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS LEVEL OF TURKISH PORTS IN THE FRAME OF GREEN

PORT CONCEPT .........................................................................................................................118

EFFECT OF GA4+7 + BA ON RUSSET IN STARKSPUR GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE VARIETY ..........119


VIII Abstract Book

CHANGES IN MILK COMPOSITION DURING LACTATION PERIOD IN GOATS .............................120

COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN TERMS OF SOME

PROPERTIES ..............................................................................................................................121

THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FE50AL35TI15 ALLOYS PRODUCED BY CASTING AND SPARK

PLASMA SINTERING METHOD ..................................................................................................122

EFFECTS OF WELD TOOL ROTATIONAL SPEED AND TRAVEL SPEED ON THE MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF FRICTION STIR WELDED AA5083-H321 ALLOY ................................................123

EXAMINATION OF EXERCISE AND NUTRITION HABITS OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

..................................................................................................................................................124

ON THE GEOMETRY OF HEMI-SLANT RIEMANNIAN SUBMERSIONS .........................................125

HEMI-SLANT SUBMANIFOLDS OF LORENTZIAN KENMOTSU MANIFOLDS ................................125

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPLIED AS A METHODOLOGY OF TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION

..................................................................................................................................................126

THE EFFECT OF SAMPLE SIZE ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS OF BEETLE

MORPHOMETRICS ....................................................................................................................127

ENHANCEMENT OF ACIDITY AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ALUMINA BASED METAL ORGANIC

FRAMEWORK (MIL-53 AL).........................................................................................................128

THE EFFECT OF BIG DATA USAGE ON NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING ...............................129

THE ROLE OF UPPER ZONE OF GROWTH PLATE AND CARTILAGE MATRIX-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN

(UCMA) IN OSTEOARTHRITIS PATHOGENESIS ..........................................................................130

COLLABORATIVE TEACHING OF FC: A SAMPLE STUDY ..............................................................131

A COMPARISON OF ECHO HIDING METHODS ..........................................................................131

APPLICATION OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM MODEL IN TEACHING SCIENTIFIC ETHICS COURSE .....132

THE IMPACT OF VOSCREEN ON UDERGRADUTE STUDENTS' FOREIGN LANGUAGE LISTENING

SKILLS ........................................................................................................................................133

A NEW PERSPECTIVE AT FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION: VOSCREEN .................................133

ADSORBENTS BASED ON A NOVEL AZOMETHINE FUNCTIONALIZED ORDERED MESOPOROUS

SILICA WITH TUNABLE MORPHOLOGIES FOR DYES AND HEAVY METAL IONS REMOVAL FROM

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ..............................................................................................................134

IDENTIFICATION OF LINEAMENTS IN TRABZON BY USING GRAVITY DATA ...............................135

DETERMINATION OF DISCONTINUITIES IN CYPRUS BY USING GRAVITY DATA .........................135


IX Abstract Book

ON-LINE PRECONCENTRATION OF PD(II) USING POLYAMINE SILICA GEL FILLED MINICOLUMN

FOR FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY ................................................................136

HOSPITAL LOCATION SELECTION WITH ARAS-G .......................................................................137

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL

UNIVERSITY: ENGINEERING FACULTY .......................................................................................138

POSS BASED POLYCAPROLACTONE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES ..............................................................................................................................139

A CASE STUDY ON 3D NONLINEAR ANALYSES OF A CLAY-CORE DAM ......................................140

ABRASIVE WEAR PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYESTER COMPOSITES ..........141

INVESTIGATION OF SOLAR ASSISTED HEAT PUMPS' PERFORMANCE IN DIFFERENT CAPACITY142

AN APPROXIMATE COMPUTING METHOD IN MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION .....................143

DFT MODELING AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ASSESSMENT OF INHIBITION PERFORMANCE

OF SOME CARBOHYDRAZIDE SCHIFF BASES FOR STEEL CORROSION .......................................143

GROWTH INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTS OF WASTE RICE HUSK IN CHITOSAN

NANOPARTICLES ON VARIOUS TUMOR CELLS ..........................................................................144

ANTITUMOROGENIC ACTIVITIES OF BLUEBERRY WATER AND ACETONE EXTRACTS

ENCAPSULATED WITH CHITOSAN ON DIFFERENT CANCER CELLS ............................................145

CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF A NEW MESOPOROUS SILICA CARRIER SYNTHESIS WITH SOL GEL

TECHNIQUE IN BRAIN TUMOR CELLS ........................................................................................146

DETERMINATION OF TRACE CD AND SN CONTENT IN CANNED FOODS AND VEGETABLE SAMPLES

USING MICROEXTRACTION COUPLED WITH FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY ..147

SEPARATION AND PRECONCENTRATION OF CU, NI AND FE WITH VORTEX ASSISTED

MICROEXTRACTION METHOD AND THEIR DETERMINATION IN FOOD AND VEGETABLE SAMPLES

..................................................................................................................................................148

DETERMINATION OF PHILOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP BY PFGE AND PHYLOGENETIC GROUP BY

TRIPLEX PCR IN VIRULENCE FACTORS-DEFINED EXPEC STRAINS ..............................................149

ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATION IN MICROBIAL ELECTROLYSIS CELLS AT

HYPERTHERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES ....................................................................................150

CORROSION AND ITS IMPORTANCE..........................................................................................150

A COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION ON THE DYNAMICS OF SHALLOW WATER WAVES ........151


X Abstract Book

NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR SHALLOW WATER WAVES WITH IMPROVED KORTEWEG-DE VRIES

EQUATION ................................................................................................................................151

EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF A HOSPITAL BUILDING CONSIDERING FIXED AND ISOLATED BASE

..................................................................................................................................................152

PREVALENCE AND CIRCULATING GENOTYPES OF PARVOVIRUS B19 AMONG ADULT SICKLE CELL

DISEASE PATIENTS AND BLOOD DONORS IN BAHRAIN ............................................................153

PROTECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF VITAMIN E ON OXIDATIVE STRESS INCLUDED WITH

DELTAMETHRIN ........................................................................................................................154

USE OF POPULAR SCIENCE MATERIALS FOR TEACHING PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY ....................155

THE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE AIRFOIL TYPES OWNING HIGH PERFORMANCE FOR

WIND TURBINES .......................................................................................................................156

DOES EARTH REBALANCE ITSELF?.............................................................................................157

SOLITONS OF THE QUINTIC NLS EQUATION UNDER A PERIODIC POTENTIAL ...........................157

THE EFFECTS OF BORON APPLICATION ON YIELD AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF

CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.) VARIETIES ...............................................................158

A SPECTRAL METHOD TO OBTAIN SOLITON SOLUTIONS TO CQNLS EQUATION ......................158

B CHROMOSOMES IN COLEOPTERAN KARYOTYPES .................................................................159

VITAMIN COMPOSITION OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. AND CUCURBITA PEPO VAR. OVIFERA

SEEDS ........................................................................................................................................160

KARYOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES NANNOSPALAX XANTHODON (NORDMANN, 1840)

DISTRIBUTED IN THE BILECIK-ESKIŞEHIR-ANKARA LINE (MAMMALIA: SPALACIDAE) ...............161

EFFECT ON AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF BADGER IN WEST ANATOLIA ........................................162

ABOUT THE AUTOMATED STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR PALLETS ....................................................162

EVALUATION OF CONSTRAINTS IN SOFTWARE CODE REVIEW ACTIVITIES BY THINKING PROCESS

..................................................................................................................................................163

GAUSSIAN CALCULATIONS OF BIS-4-[3-(ETHYL/N-PROPYL-4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-5-

ON-4-YL)-AZOMETHIN]PHENYL} BIPHENYL-4,4’DISULFONATES ...............................................164

DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SOME ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT

4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-5-ONE DERIVATIVES WITH DENSITY FUNCTION THEORY ......165

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF BIOCALCIFICATION MEDIUM ................................................166

THE MICROFUNGI ON EUROPEAN MISTLETOE IN NEVSEHIR PROVINCE ..................................167


XI Abstract Book

NONLINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOLITONS .......................................................................168

DETERMINATION OF COGNITIVE STRUCTURES IN THE CONCEPT OF "SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-

ENGINEERING-MATHEMATICS (STEM)" OF MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS .................................168

DETECTION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS .............................................169

THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF INTERACTING COBALT FERRITE, MANGANESE FERRITE AND

NICKEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES WITH COMPARABLE SIZES ..................................................170

TUNING OF THE NANOMAGNETISM IN COBALT FERRITE NANOPARTICLES BY SUBSTITUTING OF

LANTHANUM IONS ...................................................................................................................171

CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROLYTICALLY SYNTHESIZED CARBON NANOTUBES AS CATHODE

FOR METAL-AIR BATTERIES ......................................................................................................172

DEVELOPMENT OF POROUS GRAPHENE BASED CATHODES FOR LI-AIR BATTERIES .................172

CUSTOMER PERCEPTION ON ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION: THE IMPACT OF ONLINE SHOPPING

ORIENTATIONS ON ONLINE BUYING INTENTION ......................................................................173

A NOVEL APPROACH TO THE AIRCRAFT SCHEDULING PROBLEM VIA GENETIC ALGORITHM ...174

BLASTING RESPONSE OF A RC RETAINING WALL ......................................................................175

EVOLUTION OF A NOVEL METHOD TO PRODUCE FEW LAYERS GRAPHENE SUPPORT MATERIALS

..................................................................................................................................................175

STUDY ON IMPACT OF THE STRATEGIES OF CHANGES IMPLEMENTED AT ENTERPRISES AT

EMPLOYEES...............................................................................................................................176

CFD AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TWO BATCH TYPE ELECTROCOAGULATION STIRRED

TANK REACTORS USED IN THE REMOVAL OF CR (VI) ................................................................177

NEW GENUS RECORD FOR TURKEY MYCOBIOTA: PSEUDOMASSARIA CHONDROSPORA .........178

ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE PLASTIC STRAIN OF POLYMERS DURING HIGH

PRESSURE TORSION (HPT) PROCESS .........................................................................................179


1 Abstract Book

PATIENT SPECIFIC IMPLANT DESIGN AND PRODUCTION FOR CLOSURE OF SKULL DEFECTS

Burak Oguzhan Savaser TOBB Economy and Technology University

Osman Erogul TOBB Economy and Technology University

In order to provide a function on the body, implant as defined organic and inorganic substance that is placed in an appropriate place, means that the type of material to be placed with in the body in medicine. Taking into account the concept called as a prosthesis that completing artificially any part of the body that is lost and helping heal, for the purposes mentioned, artificial prosthesis structures such as joint prosthesis used in orthopedic surgery, placed in tissue, skull implant prosthesis that are used in brain surgery. The biggest advantages of implant prosthesis compared with other conservative treatment methods are much more robust, comfortable and reliable. In our country, due to traffic accidents and terrorist attacks, brain injuries and damages are frequently observed. Because of that sort of situation, in the process of treatment, brain trauma, skull implants are needed. All implants that are used for surgical purposes must be sterile. Depending on technological developments, according to the needs, there are various implant manufacturing machines, software programs and hardware. In this thesis, it is targeted investigations, and development of Cranial Implant Prosthesis used for closure of skull defects and implementation to the selected patients. For this purpose, as a method, the patient will be taken into specific image called as CT, that is, Computed Tomography. Using the program MIMICS and surgical simulation tools, 3D model of the skull is created and obtained cranial implant biocompatibility tests are applied and using Patran software program, finite element of titanium is analyzed. The maximum displacement of implant, maximum stress parameters are calculated with the statistical data and supported related pictures, photos and analysis. In our study, the implementation of skull implant which is made of titanium alloy by being done various analyses on a patient sample and the results are evaluated.

Keywords: skull implant, craniofacial implant


2 Abstract Book

QUANTITATIVE PHASE ANALYSIS OF ARMOUR STEEL WELDED JOINT BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Miroslav Cvetinov University of Novi Sad

Olivera Klisurić University of Novi Sad

Maja Stojanović University of Novi Sad

Aleksandar Čabrilo University of Novi Sad

Katarina Gerić University of Novi Sad

Ultra-high tensile strength is characteristic of armour steel and in order to preserve this strength its welding process is of paramount importance. Austenitic filler material is traditionally used for welding of armour steel, yet it has lower mechanical properties than the base material, i.e. the filler material is the weakest point of the welded joint. Moreover, due to the plastic deformation at the crack tip austenitic filler material gets transformed into martensite during fatigue crack propagation. An amount of austenite transformed into martensite is directly related to crack growth resistance in the weld metal. In order to quantify martensite phase formed during the crack propagation under the effect of fatigue load, we employed method of X-ray diffraction. Diffractograms were recorded in Brag–Brentano θ:2θ reflection geometry on a Philips PW 1820/30 X-ray diffractometer employing monochromatic CuKα radiation (30 kV, 30 mA) in the range 40°-60° 2θ. For the quantitative phase analysis RIR method was subsequently employed. From the obtained data, martensite to austenite ratio was calculated for the fracture surface. Thereafter the 0.05 mm thick layer was removed from specimen surface and the diffraction patern was recorded again. This procedure was repeated till 25% of the martensite remained in two-phase mixture. α´ martensite was detected at distances up to 0.25 mm under the fracture surface. The greatest transformation of austenite into α´ martensite was 55%, seen on the fracture surface. The amount of α´ martensite declines with a distance by an average of ≈5%/0.05 mm, in the depth perception tests. At the distance of 0.25 mm, the amount of transformed austenite fell to 24%.

Keywords: x-ray diffraction, armour steel, austenite, martensite, phase analysis


3 Abstract Book

ELECTROLESS NICKEL PLATING ON ABS PLASTIC BY USING ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CHEMICALS

Canan Uraz Ege University

In this study, electroless nickel (EN) plating on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) engineering plastic by using room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) were studied. Electroless plating is a fundamental step in the metal plating on the plastic. This step makes the plastic conductive and makes it possible to a homogeneous and hard plating without using any hazardous and unfriendly chemical such as palladium, tin, etc. In the industry there are many distinct chemical materials both catalysts and activation solutions for the electroless bath which is one of the most important parts of the process. In this study the effects of the ionic liquids, plating time and sand paper size were investigated on electroless copper plating. Experiments were carried out with ionic liquid, EMIC, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (C6H11N2Cl) and with 400, 500 and 800 grit sandpaper by applying sand attrition process and 70, 80 and 90⁰C bath temperatures with 30, 60, 90 minutes of deposition time. The surface morphology and the amount of deposit analysis were performed by Fischerscope X-Ray XDL-B System, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Due to the results of experiments and analysis, the nickel plating on ABS plastic was succeeded. According to results, the best plating on ABS plastic which its surface activated with 800 grit sandpaper that was hold in plating bath in 90 min, catalyzed with EMIC ionic liquid was obtained maximum plating thickness 2.47 μm.

Keywords: ABS plastic, nickel plating, electroless plating, RTIL, EMIC


4 Abstract Book

STAINING EFFECT OF PUNICA GRANATUM FLOWER EXTRACT ON HUMAN BLOOD CELLS: FIRST RESULTS

Nilgün Güler Kuşculuo Erciyes University

Hüseyin Benli Erciyes University

Punica granatum flower plant, popularly known using for the treatment of various diseases was not investigated as a source of dye for cytological studies using human blood cells. The aim of this work was to show staining effect of Punica granatum flower extract on human blood cells. The natural dye source was Pomegranate flower Which is known as roselle, Punica granatum flower and potassium aluminum sulfate (alum=KAlSO4.12H2O ), FeSO4, CuSO4.5H2O, were used as mordants or metal salts. Distilled water was used as solvent. Fresh, clean and air-dried Punica granatum flowers were extracted with distilled water at 100°C for 30 minutes and then filtered. One drop blood, from a healthy 20 years old woman was spread as a peripheral on to ten glass slides and allowed to air-dry at room temperature. These slides were stained by soaking in hibiscus extract with/without alum (KAlSO4.12H2O ) at 100°C for 60 minutes. Slides were washed with distilled water, air-dried and viewed at magnification of x100. The different blood cells were stained in shades of pink-red in alum mordant media at 100°C. As a result, Punica granatum flower has potential for use as a stain for study of human blood cells such as eosinophil, basophil and neutrophil.

Keywords: Punica granatum flower, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, stain


5 Abstract Book

EXTRACTION OF NATURAL HISTOLOGICAL DYE FROM RED CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEAE) AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS STAINING PROPERTY ON THE ONION

ROOT CELL

Nilgün Güler Kuşçuluo Ercıyes University

H. Güzin Aslan Ercıyes University

We performed the staining of onion root cell nuclei using natural dye, mordant and salicylic aldehyde by a new procedure. The natural dye source was red cabbage (Brassica oleraceae), and potassium aluminum sulfate (alum=KAlSO4) was used as mordant or metal salt. Distilled water was used as solvent. Fresh, clean red cabbage leaves were extracted with distilled water at 100°C for 30 minutes and then filtered. One to three onion roots were stained by soaking in red cabbage extract with/without alum at 50°C for 90 minutes. Afterwards the onion root cell was reacted with salicylic aldehyde. The staining procedure was repeated in alum and non-alum media. However, there was no staining in the onion root cell nuclei. We conclude that red cabbage has potential as an alternative dye only with alum, without salicylic aldehyde, for staining the nucleus of biological materials.

Keywords: brassica oleraceae, red cabbage, onion root cells


6 Abstract Book

A CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PETROLEUM PRICES AND THE GDP OF G20 COUNTRIES

Gülşah Saydan Karabuk University

Selin Akçay Karabuk University

Günay Özbay Karabuk University

Erkan Sami Kokten Karabuk University

Economic growth is one of the most important goals for all countries. In addition, petroleum is important for development and it is one of the major energy resources of all countries. In this study, it is aimed to determine the relationship between petroleum prices and the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of G20 countries. For this purpose, the petroleum prices and the GDP of G20 countries between 1995 and 2015 were calculated. Binary correlations were applied by using the SPSS package program. Petroleum importing and exporting countries were analyzed separately. As a result, a correlation of 0.05% and a high level of about 0.01% were found between the petroleum prices and the GDP of G20 countries.

Keywords: petroleum, GDP, g20, binary correlation analysis


7 Abstract Book

A RESEARCH ON WOMEN EMPLOYMENT IN TURKEY

Selin Akçay Karabuk University

Günay Özbay Karabuk University

Erkan Sami Kokten Karabuk University

Labor force as one of the factors of production is important for economic development. The effective use of labor force is in positive interaction with the production efficiency. However, the use of the labor force is distributed unevenly in favor of men in all countries of the world. Women's labor force participation is admitted as an important factor for economic development. Whereas, one of the important points for Turkish labor market is that women’s labor force participation rate is quietly lower than men’s. In this study, employment of women in Turkey was evaluated. Questionnaire survey was used in the implementation. As a result, women’s labor force participation in Turkey were found to be insufficient. According to this, participants suggested that women’s labor force participation in Turkey should be increased. It was also found that there was a parallel relationship between education level and women employment.

Keywords: woman, employment, labor


8 Abstract Book

THE EFFECTS OF ADHESIVE TYPES AND EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PLYWOOD

Aydın Demir Karadeniz Technical University

İsmail Aydın Karadeniz Technical University

Semra Çolak Karadeniz Technical University

Thermal conductivity of wood material is superior to other building materials because of its porous structure. Thermal conductivity is a very important parameter in determining heat transfer rate and is required for development of drying models in industrial operations such as adhesive cure rate. Thermal conductivity is used to estimate the ability of insulation of material. Thermal conductivity of wood material has varied according to wood species, direction of wood fiber, specific garvity, moisture content, resin type, and addictive members used in manufacture of wood composite panels. In this study, it was examined that the effects of adhesive types and equilibrium moisture content on thermal conductivity of plywood. Beech (Fagus orientalis), alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata), spruce (Picea orientalis L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were used as wood species; urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine-urea formaldehyde (MUF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins were used as adhesive. After the panels were produced in 3 layers, they were waited in the air conditioning cabinet until reach the determined equilibrium moisture content (6-8%, 10-12% and 14-16%). Thermal conductivity of plywood panels was determined according to ASTM C 518 & ISO 8301. As a result of this study; it was found that thermal conductivity coefficient values of panels bonded with phenol formaldehyde were the least in the all groups. The highest values were obtained from panels bonded with mealmine-urea formaldehyde. In addition, it was determined that the thermal conductivity values increased with increasing the equilibrium moisture content of the panels.

Keywords: urea formaldehyde, melamine-urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, plywood, thermal conductivity, equilibrium moisture content


9 Abstract Book

THE EFFECT OF GROWING REGIONS ON SOME TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ALDER

Cenk Demirkır Karadeniz Technical University

Hasan Öztürk Karadeniz Technical University

Gürsel Çolakoğlu Karadeniz Technical University

When comparing the wood samples obtained from the same tree types and various parts of the same tree, they show differences in their anatomical structure, physical characteristics and chemical structure. Criteria that determine the suitability or qualities of a wood material for a particular purpose are influenced by one or more of the factors that affect the anatomical structure of the material and thus its physical properties. As a result, there may be differences in the wood properties of the same species taken from different regions. In this study, it was researched that the effect of region difference on some mechanical and physical properties of alder wood. For this reason, alder logs taken from Artvin (Arhavi), Trabzon (Akçaabat) and Giresun (Espiye) regions were used as tree species. Mechanical and physical properties of alder wood such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity, compression strength parallel to grain, equilibrium moisture content, density were conducted accordance to TS 2474, TS 2478,TS 2595,TS 2471,TS 2472, respectively. The highest bending strength values were determined in the samples taken from Artvin and Trabzon regions. The highest density values were found in the groups taken from Trabzon (Akçaabat) region and the lowest density values were found in the group taken from Giresun (Espiye) region.

Keywords: alder, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, density


10 Abstract Book

SOME TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD PRODUCED FROM POLYETHYLENE FOAMS WASTE

İsmail Aydın Karadeniz Technical University

Aydın Demir Karadeniz Technical University

Semra Çolak Karadeniz Technical University

The importance of composite wood products has increased steadily due to the increasing demand for wood products and the decrease in the quality and availability of wood raw materials, this has led to a great increase in the use of synthetic adhesives in the forest products industry and has improved the use of wood raw materials. Especially in the plywood industry, the use of formaldehyde-based resins such as urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde has increased year by year. Despite many positive properties, the most important negative case of formaldehyde-based resins is the release of formaldehyde in the panels. It has been found that released formaldehyde causes eye and throat burns, breathing difficulties, insomnia and nervous disorders depending on the amount of formaldehyde release. It is also known that formaldehyde causes a carcinogenic effect. Due to this negative property of formaldehyde-based resins, it has been started in the industry that formaldehyde scanvengers which prevent the release of formaldehyde has been used or alternative adhesives have been preferred. In Turkey, the composition of solid waste changes with the changing consumption habits, population growth, rising standard of living, increased sales of packaged products. Generally, 20% by weight and 50% by volume of formed wastes constitute packaging wastes. A significant portion of packaging wastes also form polyethylene foams. The assessment of this waste composition gains both environmental and economic importance. In this study, some technological properties of panels were produced using polyethylene foam waste as adhesive instead of formaldehyde-based resins used in plywood was aimed to investigate. For this aim, the drafts formed from poplar (Populus deltoides I-77/51 clone) veneers were produced in 3 layers with both urea formaldehyde and polyethylene foam waste. Specific gravity, equilibrium moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption, shear strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity of plywood panels were determined according to TS EN 323-1, TS EN 322, TS EN 317, TS EN 314-1 and TS EN 310, respectively. As a result of the study, the mechanical resistance values of the plywood produced using polyethylene foam waste provided the determined standards and gave lower resistance values than the plywood produced with urea formaldehyde. In addition, thickness swelling and water absorption values were found higher than those produced with urea formaldehyde. The values of specific gravity and equilibrium moisture were found to be almost the same.

Keywords: polyethylene foam waste, urea formaldehyde, plywood, poplar


11 Abstract Book

EFFECT OF VENEER DRYING TYPES ON SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSTREN COMPOSITE PLYWOOD

Hasan Öztürk Karadeniz Technical University

Cenk Demirkır Karadeniz Technical University

Gürsel Çolakoğlu Karadeniz Technical University

It is desired the wood composite materials which have broaden using areas in human residence have no negative effects on human health and environment. But because of formaldehyde content of most of resins used in wood based composite production, wood composite materials have been seen a threat on human health and environment. The formaldehyde released from wood based materials can cause irritation to eye, asthma and allergy, even more it affects the neural system and can cause cancer on human body. Therefore, numerous studies have been made to develop an effective method to decrease formaldehyde emission from the wood based panels and various methods have been tried. Unfortunately, in literature, it has not been able to find a study made decrease the formaldehyde emission released from wood based materials without improving the cost or decreasing the mechanical properties. In our previous study, it has been compared the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity values of polystren composite plywood panels with those of conventional plywood with urea formaldehyde and it's been seen the performance of plywood composite panels is good. In this study, it was investigated that effect of veneer drying type on some mechanical properties of polystren composite plywood produced different density polystren as a bonding material. Beech (Fagus orientalis, Lipsky) and scots pine (Pinus slyvestris) veneers were used to produce polystren composite plywood. The veneers were prepared with two different drying types, without drying with natural moisture content (10-12%) and drying in a drying oven, bringing it to 5-7% moisture content. Three types of polystren including different density (10, 16 and 24 kg/m3) were used as binder in the manufacturing of polystren composite plywood panels. Bonding strength, bending strength, modulus of elasticity of polystren composite plywood panels were determined according to TS EN 314-1, TS EN 310, respectively. As a result of this study, it was observed that the strength values increased due to the drying process of the composite panels produced from beech. It has been found that the strength values of scots pine plywood were decreased at 10 kg/m3 polystyrene density and increased again at the other two densities. The highest strength values were found at 10 kg/m3 polystyrene density for plywood produced with natural moisture content and at 16 kg/m3 polystyrene density for plywood produced by drying process.

Keywords: polystren composite plywood, mechanical properties, density, veneer drying type


12 Abstract Book

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW PHOTOSENSITIZERS TO BE USED IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT)

N. Tuna Subaşı Ahi Evran University

Engin U. Akkaya Bilkent University

Significant progress has been made in researches and scientific studies over the years for the treatment of cancer which is one of the biggest problems of our age. Especially in contrast to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted therapies that do not harm the patient and do not harm the non-cancerous tissues are getting good results. One of these treatment methods, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method with minimal side effects compared to traditional therapies and used for the treatment of a number of different diseases including malignant tumor, dermatological diseases and age-related macular degeneration. In this method, the compounds to be used as drugs, which are called photosensitizers, should be light-sensitive. Because many of the biomolecules in our body absorb light in the UV and visible regions and block the passage of light through the tissues, the light used in the photodynamic therapy should preferably be near infrared and the used photosensitizer should be able to efficiently absorb the light in this area. In addition, when photosensitizers are given to the body, they should be directed to the diseased tissue and show its effect only in that region. Photosensitizers that accumulate in diseased tissue actively produce singlet oxygen (1O2) when excited by red light and the consisted singlet oxygen (1O2) corrupts cell integrity and ionic balance by oxidizing lipids in the cell membrane. In addition to providing structural damage to DNA and protein performs cell death. Since singlet oxygen (1O2) is very reactive and short-lived, it shows effect only in the place where it occurs in other words in the diseased cell so the side effects of this method are very low compared to other treatment methods. Within the scope of work two new photosensitizers which have suitable properties for photodynamic therapy, which can absorb long wavelength light (600-800 nm) and have the capacity to easily generate singlet oxygen by means of heavy atoms like I, Br in their structure were designed. For this purpose, BODIPY dyes which can be easily functionalized in various positions and which are widely used in photodynamic therapy have been preferred. After the synthesis of the new photosensitizers designed based on BODIPY was completed, the characterization of these molecules was carried out by NMR and HRMS techniques.

Keywords: photodynamic therapy, photosensitizers, singlet oxygen


13 Abstract Book

IN VITRO COMMERCIAL MICROPROPAGATION OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA (BERTONI)

Meltem Bayraktar Ahi Evran University

Bärbel Röck-Okuyucu Celal Bayar University

İsmail Hakkı Akgün Ege University

Serpil Orhan-Fedakar Ege University.

Hilal Kanık Ege University

Aynur Gürel Ege University

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, originating from Paraguay, belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a wild perennial herb. The leaves of this plant synthesize non-caloric sweet-tasting compounds named as steviol glycosides (SGs). Some of them are 300-400 times sweeter than sucrose. Due to being nontoxic and low-caloric, these SGs can be successfully used as sugar alternatives for patients suffering from diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and dental maladies. Stevia is also an important plant for the food sectors and is currently being used as a sweetening agent in food and beverages. Because of these features, there is a continuous increase in the demand for these stevia-based non-synthetic sweeteners. The development of stevia lines with high and homogenous SGs contents and the propagation of sufficient planting material that show this quality characteristic are of great importance. Stevia is traditionally produced by seed or vegetative cuttings. As the seeds are very small and infertile, the seed germination rate is very poor and the seeds show a wide variation in their SGs contents and morphological characters of leaves. The propagation by stem cuttings requires a high labor input and the number of individuals that can be obtained simultaneously from a single plant limits the vegetative propagation. Therefore, the best alternative for mass propagation of S. rebaudiana would be in vitro clonal micropropagation. The aim of the present study was to determine clones that have high SGs contents and develop an efficient protocol for in vitro commercial propagation of S. rebaudiana.

Keywords: stevia rebaudiana bertoni, steviol glycosides, in vitro, micropropagation


14 Abstract Book

LOW COST AND PRECISE ELECTRONIC TACHOGENERATOR FOR SPEED CONTROL APPLICATIONS OF BLDC MOTOR DRIVE WITH 150-DEGREE CONDUCTION MODE

INVERTER

Mehmet Cihat Özgenel Erzincan University

This experimental study presents a precise speed control scheme for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Motor which is fed three-phase inverter implemented 150-degree commutation mode. In 150-degree commutation mode, four rotor position signals are required. From these four position signals can be attained pure analogue rotor speed information. Because there are four position signals, it can be easily obtained analogue rotor speed signal by implementing frequency to voltage converter. So, low cost and further precise electronic tachogenerator (ETg) can be put into practice in order to perform closed-loop precision speed control for BLDC motors. In this study, 150-degree commutation technique has been applied a BLDC motor and four rotor position signals have combined properly to attain higher frequency than one position sensor’s frequency to acquire pure analogue rotor speed information. After converting four positions signals to pure analogue rotor speed information signal by frequency to voltage converter circuitry for manufactured this study, it has been applied to a PI speed regulator in order to obtain constant rotor speed versus changing load. BLDC motor driven 150-degree commutation has been run under various loads and speeds and performance of the BLDC motor and ETg have been examined. Furthermore, a high-resolution electro mechanic tachogenerator is used in experimental setup in order to compare the performances with proposed ETg.

Keywords: 150-degree commutation mode, electronic tachogenerator, frequency to voltage converter, speed control of bldc motor


15 Abstract Book

REMOVAL OF CU(II) IONS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY CHEMICALLY MODIFIED NATURAL PLANT WASTES

Gözde Öztürk Ege University

Burcu Kuralay Ege University

Nilay Gizli Ege University

Recently, heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. Majority of industries and mainly the mining operations, tanneries and metal plating play a vital role in contaminating the environment with heavy metals. Heavy metals particularly mercury, chromium, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc and nickel have lethal effects on all forms of life even at low concentrations. Especially, copper can be present in waste water as the form of CuCO3 or organic complexes of hydrolysis products of Cu(II) ion. Different methods can be used to remove Cu(II) ion from aqueous environment. Some of these methods are as follows; chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, ion exchange, liquid extraction or electrodialysis, reverse osmosis. However, the methods are not widely used due to their high cost, low feasibility for small-scale industries and sometimes ineffective, especially when metals are present in solution at very low concentration. Recently, adsorption has become one of the alternative treatment techniques for removal of a heavy metals because of its efficiency and low cost, but conventional adsorbents such as granular or powdered activated carbon are not always popular as they are not economically viable and technically efficient. Therefore, efforts have been made to use the cheapest and unconventional adsorbents such as industrial and agricultural wastes to adsorb Cu(II) ion from aqueous solution. In this study, the usability of natural wastes as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II) ions from industrial waste water has been investigated. The adsorption capacity of different natural wastes such as banana, lemon and orange peel, tea waste and sawdust of walnut were evaluated by a series of batch sorption tests. The grinded materials were classified with respect to particle size within the range of 1~2 and 0.5~1 mm. And also, the prepared adsorbents were classified as untreated, treated with acid (0.6 M of C2H2O4) and treated with base (0.1 M of NaOH). The adsorption performances of prepared adsorbents for the sorption of Cu(II) ions were investigated by a series of batch experiments. 0.1 g of the adsorbent were equilibrated with 50 mL aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L Cu(II) ions for 24 hours at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Before and after adsorption, the concentration of Cu(II) ion were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Varian 10+). The effect of adsorbent type, modification method and adsorbent size on Cu(II) ion sorption capacities (Qe) of the prepared adsorbents have been investigated. According to the results obtained, it has been observed that the modification with basic solution increased the Cu(II) ion sorption performance of the adsorbents and exhibited the highest removal percentage up to 95% and sorption capacity (Qe) as 5 mg / g-adsorbent for both particle sizes of the base-modified sawdust of walnut.


16 Abstract Book

Keywords: adsorption, natural wastes, cu(ıı) removal

EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE HAZELNUT SHELL WASTE ON THE PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Busra Donmez Selcuk University

Suheyla Kocaman Selcuk University

Gulnare Ahmetli Selcuk University

Recent decades put accent on new requirements connected with newly improved engineering materials focused on their eco-friendliness. Natural materials are suitable option, whereas natural renewable and biodegradable materials are one of the best option to be used as components in different kind of composites (Matejka et al., 2013). In this research, hazelnut shells (HSh) modified with two different chemicals have been used to prepare DGEBA-type epoxy composite materials. Polyamine-type hardener was used as the curing agent. The composites were prepared with untreated, EDTA treated and acetic anhydride (AA) treated HSh in various percent values (10-20-30-40-50 wt%). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used for the characterization of composites. Also, the effect of HSh particle surface modification on the mechanical and water sorption properties of epoxy resin composites were investigated in detail. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composites with AA treated HSh filler were generally higher than composites with untreated and EDTA treated HSh. Higher tensile strength values of 100 MPa, 93 MPa and 78 MPa were observed for AA treated, EDTA treated and untreated HSh particles reinforced composites, respectively. It was observed that chemical-treated HSh particles had positive effects on the mechanical and wettability properties of composites.

Keywords: hazelnut shell, chemical modification, composite


17 Abstract Book

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERZATION OF VARIOUS ACID AND ALKALI MODIFIED HAZELNUT SHELL WASTES BASED BIOEPOXY COMPOSITES

Pınar Ulusoy Selcuk University



Polymer composites with natural reinforcements (fibers, particulates, flours) such as vegetable fibers (jute, hemp, flax, sisal, etc.) or lignocellulosic particles (sawdust, peanut shell, coconut shell, almond shell, rice husk, spend coffee ground, etc.) promote to obtain high environmentally friendly composite materials with new and attracting uses. These new uses contain applications of polymer composites especially in the building industry (outdoor deck floors, fences, window and door frames, railings, etc.) (Balart et al., 2016) In this study, bisphenol-A type epoxy resin (ER) was used as a matrix. Hazelnut shell (HSh) modified with different chemicals have been used as reinforcing material. HSh was modified by using three different chemical methods; alkali (NaOH), acrylic acid (AcA) and a fatty acid (FA) to improve its chemical and physical properties. The composites were prepared with HSh in varied percent values (10-20-30-40-50 wt%) using the molding technique. The morphology of the composites was characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Effects of the proportion of HSh modified with different chemicals on the mechanical, and water sorption properties of the composites were investigated. Higher tensile strength values of 132 MPa, 105 MPa and 103 MPa were observed for fatty acid (30 wt%), acrylic acid (20 wt%) and alkali (30 wt%) treated HSh particles reinforced composites, respectively. As a result of comprehensive study, the mechanical and water sorption properties of fatty acid treated HSh particles reinforced ER were found higher than the other composites. The water sorption values of the ER matrix composites changed in the range of 1.02- 4.6 wt%.

Keywords: biocomposite, epoxy resin, hazelnut shell


18 Abstract Book

USING OF TIRE WASTES IN EPOXY COMPOSITES-A NEW DEVELOPING SOLUTION TO THE WASTE PROBLEM

Merve Turkben Selcuk University



The dynamic increase of rubber wastes has become a serious environmental problem. In recent years a qualitatively novel group of sustainable composites obtained from polymer wastes has appeared. It becomes more attractive in relation to environmental protection and pollution control. In this case, rubber wastes (which containing high-quality natural and synthetic rubbers) have become the source of materials for obtaining ‘environmentally friendly’ composites with advantageous properties (Sienkiewicz et al., 2017). In this study, inexpensive tire wastes (TW) were used as fillers for the preparation of composite materials. As polymer matrices, bisphenol-A type (ER), rubber modified (NPER 450) and polyurethane modified epoxy resins (NPER-133L) firstly were used for this purpose. The morphology of the composites was characterized by XRD and SEM. Effects of epoxy resin type and TW amount on the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Modification of ER with NPER-133L and NPER-450 remarkably enhances the plasticity of ER. The inclusion of TW in various percent values (10-20-30-40-50 wt%) affected most of the mechanical properties of the epoxy matrices. The most appropriate ratio of TW was found as 30-40 wt%.

Keywords: composite, epoxy, tire waste


19 Abstract Book

A REVIEW OF TACTICAL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE DESIGN STUDIES

Sezer Coban Iskenderun Technical University

Tugrul Oktay Erciyes University

In this study, a literature search was conducted on tactical unmanned aerial vehicles. First of all, it was classified as an unmanned aerial vehicle. It is mentioned about the characteristics of ZANKA-III, which is highly autonomous, passive and active morphing, aerodynamically perfect, tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (TUAV) ZANKA-III, supported by TUBITAK's 1001 Ardeb program 115M603 by TUBITAK and it is mentioned that they have superior characteristics from other tactical unmanned aerial vehicles. Not only physical properties but also the autopilot system structure, the optimization method used, and the state space model through the executive equations of the body are briefly mentioned. For this purpose, longitudinal and lateral dynamics modeling of TUAVs produced in Erciyes University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Model Aircraft Laboratory are considered in order to obtain simulation environments. Our produced TUAV is called as ZANKA-III which has weight of 50 kg, range of around 3000 km, endurance of around 28 hours, and ceiling altitude of around 12500 m. Von-Karman turbulence modeling is used in order to model atmospheric turbulence during flight in both longitudinal and lateral simulation environments. A stochastic optimization method called as simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation.

Keywords: tuavs, autonomous, passive and active morphing


20 Abstract Book

ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM SOME ORIGANUM SPECIES

Ramazan Erenler Gaziosmanpasa University

Mahfuz Elmastas Gaziosmanpasa University

Origanum (Lamiaceae) includes twenty-three species and six hybrids in Turkey flora, fourteen of which are endemic1. Aerial part of each Origanum species was dried and powdered then extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water individually. The aqueous part of water extract was extracted with ethyl acetate to yield the water to ethyl acetate extract. The bioactive compounds were isolated by the chromatographic techniques (column chromatography, Sephadex LH 20, C18 reverse phase column and semi preparative HPLC) and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1D, 2D NMR, LC-TOF/MS. p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), hydroquinone (2), caffeic acid (3), luteolin-7-O-β-glycoside (4), luteolin-7-O-β-xyloside (5), rosmarinic acid (6), biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetraol (7), apigenin-7-O-β-glucuronide (8), acacetin-7-O-glucuronide (9), lithospermic acit-B (10) were isolated from Oringanum onites. Protocatechuic acid (11), protocatechuic aldehyde (12), myrciaphenone (13) as well as compounds (3, 6, 10) were isolated from Origanum solymicum. Ferulic acid (14), 5,6,3'-trihydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxyflavone (15), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (16), apigenin (17), eriodictyol (18), 6,7-dihydroxy-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (19), globoidnan A (20) besides, compounds (3, 6) were isolated from Origanum bilgeri. The antioxidant effects of isolated compounds were studied using DPPH•, ABTS•+, reducing power. All isolated compounds exhibited from moderate to excellent antioxidant activities.

Keywords: origanum species, antioxidant activity, spectroscopy, chromatography

Note: This work was supported by TUBITAK (113Z195).


21 Abstract Book

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM ORIGANUM SOLYMICUM WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES

Tugba Adak Gaziosmanpasa University

Ramazan Erenler Gaziosmanpasa University

Tunay Karan Gaziosmanpasa University

Mahfuz Elmastas Gaziosmanpasa University

Huseyin Aksit Gaziosmanpasa University

Gulacti Topcu Bezmialem Vakif University

Origanum genus includes twenty-four species and six hybrids. Sixteen species are endemic for Turkey.Due to the spicy fragrance, Origanum has been widely used in food products as flavouring agents. These species are well known for their essential oils which have been applied in food and cosmetic industries. Origanum Solymicum was collected from Kemer, Antalya. The aerial part of plant materials were dried and powdered then boiled in water. After filtration, water phase was partitioned with ethyl acetate. After removal of the solvent by rotary evaporator, the chromatographic methods were applied for ethyl acetate extract to isolate the bioactive compounds.3,4-dihdroxy benzoic acid (1), 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde (2), caffeic acid (3), rosmarinic acid (4), lithospermic acid (5) were isolated by chromatographic techniques (column chromatography, preparative HPLC) and spectroscopic methods (1D, 2D NMR, LC-TOF/MS) were used for elucidation of isolated compounds. All isolated natural products revealed the outstanding activities on antioxidant assays including DPPH• free radical scavenging, ABTS•+ radical cation scavenging, and reducing power (FRAP).

Keywords: origanum solymicum, chromatography, spectroscopy

Note: This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, 113Z195).


22 Abstract Book

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AL/FE PILLARED SEPIOLITE FOR CWPO OF METHYL ORANGE

İlker Kıpçak Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Esin Kalpazan Eskişehir Osmangazi University

In this study, Al/Fe pillared sepiolite catalysts with different Fe/(Al+Fe) molar ratios were synthesized for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of methyl orange azo dye. Furthermore, the catalysts were characterized by BET, XRF, XRD and SEM-EDX techniques. The catalysts were very efficient in the methyl orange oxidation reaction in diluted aqueous medium under mild experimental conditions (25°C and atmospheric pressure). 90.68% methyl orange elimination was achieved at 4 hours of reaction time under the conditions of 0.1 g/100 mL for catalyst dosage, 8% for active metal ratio, 500°C for calcination temperature, 3.7 for pH, 0.15 M for H2O2 concentration and 25°C for temperature. Meanwhile, low loss of Fe species was observed on all of the catalysts.

Keywords: azo dye methyl orange, catalytic wet peroxide oxidation, pillared clays, sepiolite

EFFECT OF SOIL-STRUCTURE DYNAMICS INTERACTION ON LATERAL FORCES AFFECTING THE STRUCTURES

Abdulhalim Akkaya Sakarya University

Mehmet Sarıbıyık Sakarya University

Structural foundations are assumed that they are fully uncastrated to ground in conventional design techniques. The seismic load is determined by using response spectrum with constant damping ratio. In that calculations soil period and its effects on damping of the system are ignored. In the study, the change of earthquake loads is investigated regarding soil-structure interaction for a 2D reinforced concrete bridge footing designed as a surface and an embedded foundation. Response spectrums of three different major earthquakes occurred in the past are created by taking into account of damping radios obtained by traditional method and soil-structure interaction effect. The results are evaluated through those spectrums in terms of periods.

Keywords: soil-structure dynamic interaction, sand and clay, damping ratio, response spectrum


23 Abstract Book

DESIGN OF BIOGAS UNIT FOR CATTLE FARMS

Ali Aybek Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam University

Serdar Üçok Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam University

Kemal Yıldız Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam University

Zeynep Arı Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam University

The use of biogas production units in our country is not widespread. This is due to socio-economic and technological structure, policies and lack of coordination and wrong system selection etc. Establishment of farm-type biogas units originally designed will be realized by domestic production, for livestock enterprises located in a prominent position will make an important contribution to livestock operations and our country in terms of social and economic. In this study, a biogas unit for cattle farms was designed. Biogas unit; consists of a single stage, wet type, vertical fixed dome, low speed, continuous flow, mixer, heat transfer surface reactor and other equipments (preliminary storage tank, pump, control elements etc.) with about 50 m3 capacity. It is aimed that the biogas unit should be simple in terms of operation and maintenance, sufficient stamina and economical. Approximately half of the vertically designed reactor tank is planned to install in the soil for thermal insulation purposes. Designed biogas unit; As of June 2017, the first investment cost is 69356.40 TL, the daily biogas production is 4.52 m³ / day, and the fermented fertilizer production is 0.66 m³ / day.

Keywords: biogas unit, design, cattle farms


24 Abstract Book

TURKEY'S RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Serdar Üçok Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Ali Aybek Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Levent Gürsel Albayram Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Turkey is a country that is rich in potential and diversity of renewable energy sources and is one of the few countries in the world in terms of hydraulic energy potential. It is estimated that the wind energy potential is about 160 TWh. In addition, due to its geographical location, it receives a high level of solar energy. In terms of geothermal energy resources, it constitutes 8% of world potential. In Turkey, where 72% of the existing energy structure is outsourced, renewable energy sources, which are high in potential, are not yet utilized sufficiently. In this study; Turkey's renewable energy sources and their more efficient use of these resources have been examined. In addition, some suggestions on the solution of the energy problem were presented.

Keywords: renewable energy sources, Turkey

ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEAN UNDER HYBRID RANKED SET SAMPLING SCHEME

Nursel Koyuncu Hacettepe University

Ranked set sampling (RSS) is highly effective sampling procedure when the auxiliary variable can be ranked easily. Most of the researchers in literature use this method to get most efficient estimates of population parameters. Haq et al. (2016) recently defined a new ranked set sampling procedure called hybrid ranked set sampling (HRSS). This procedure encompasses some existing ranked set sampling procedure. In this study we have proposed a new estimator of population mean under HRSS. We have conducted simulation study under different RSS and compared the performance of proposed estimator. In the simulation study we have used a real data. We have examined body mass index as a study variable which is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women.

Keywords: ranked set sampling, monte carlo simulation, efficiency


25 Abstract Book

EFFECT OF LOCUST EXTRACT ON TYPE OF IN-LINE DRIPPING CLOGGING

Servet Tekin Kahramanmaras Sutcü İmam University

Engin Gonen Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University

Fevzi Kıyançiçek Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University

Sermet Ayman Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University

Naciye Gönültaş Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University

Uğur İmert Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University

Hale Gümüşsoy Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University

This study was conducted with drip test bench in Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Agricultural Faculty Biosystems Engineering Department in 2017. For trials, in line dripper with % 85 obstruction ratio was used as subject and locust extract which is a carob bean processing plant waste was used as unclogger agent. Due to its high acid contend carob sap was diluted by 1:4 ratio with water. Regular channel water irrigation was accepted as reference in the beginning of the application. locust extract and channel water were applied to the clogged drip irrigation system under 1 atm pressure by 5 irrigation application with 2 repetitions. Distribution Uniformity (DU), Adjusted Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (AdjUC), Coefficient of variation (CV) and Emitter Flow Rate Variation (Qvar) values of the subject dripper were determined. Result for channel water applied dripper were found as DU %48.45, Adj.UC %69.01, CV 0.39 and Qvar 0.77 and results for locust extract applied dripper were found as DU %77.52, AdjUC %97.01, CV 0.04 and Qvar 0.17. According to results it was concluded that locust extract was effective in unclogging for drippers but it was highly corrosive for irrigation system.

Keywords: drip irrigation, locust extract, clogging


26 Abstract Book

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHEMISTRY MOTIVATION WITH CHEMISTRY LABORATORY ANXIETY THROUGH STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

Fatma Alkan Hacettepe University

Nursel Koyuncu Hacettepe University

Affective factors such as motivation, attitude and anxiety are very important in learning realization of people. Motivation is a situation which determines the willingness degree of attending an activity. Motivation contains belief, inner power and reactive behaviours to warning. Motivation is necessary for individuals to act as cognitively. Therefore, it is very important for teachers knowing in advance of their students’ motivation degree. If the teachers know the reason of their students’ low motivation to lessons, they can improve the motivation of their students. Anxiety is also a variable which affects the learning negatively. Science anxiety can be defined as a fear oriented learning science. In this research it is aimed that the analysis of the relation between motivation and anxiety variables which are highly effective on learning. For numerical analysis we studied 652 high school students in Turkey. The data is collected with chemistry motivation scale and chemistry laboratory anxiety scale. The study has been designed in relational survey model. The correlation between the variables is examined using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Structural equation modeling provides a very general and convenient framework for statistical analysis that includes several traditional multivariate procedures, for example factor analysis, correlation analysis, discriminant analyses, as special cases. With this study we conclude that there is a negative and significant correlation between chemistry motivation and chemistry laboratory anxiety. This result can be interpreted that the person with low chemistry laboratory anxiety has high chemistry motivation.

Keywords: structural equation modeling, multivariate analysis


27 Abstract Book

THE EFFECT OF HIGH ENERGY BALL MILLING APPLICATIONS ON ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF COAL FLY ASH TO REMOVAL OF SOME HEAVY METALS

Haibibu Xiyili Kocaeli University

Seda Çetintaş Kocaeli University

Deniz Bingöl Kocaeli University

Heavy metal pollution leads to serious environmental problems especially polluting water systems. Lately, the studies on heavy metal removal have included the availability of waste products as adsorbents (Bilal et al., 2013). Fly ash is also a waste that can be supplied in large quantities free of charge from the by-product of the thermal plant using coal as fuel. This study was carried out to determine the effect of high energy ball milling applications on adsorption performance of coal fly ash. The adsorption characteristics of raw and activated coal fly ashes were compared in the removal of heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption. Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) approach was applied to obtain the best metal ions removal and to investigate the effects and interactions of the factors on the metal removals (Xiyili et al., 2017). RSM, a preferred technique for optimization of the adsorption process, is a very useful tool for detailed evaluation of adsorption conditions and for a shorter time (Montgomery, 2008). In this study, the mathematical models were provided to relate the response variable with the factor effects for the removal of metal ions using a limited number of experiments. Adsorption kinetics well fitted pseudo-second order model, and the equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters were showed that the adsorption process is suitable, spontaneous and endothermic.

Keywords: adsorption, fly ash, rsm, heavy metals, mechanical activation


28 Abstract Book

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REGRESSION AND DIFFERENT MULTIVARIATE OPTIMIZATION MODELS FOR CU(II) IONS ADSORPTION ONTO DATE PALM

(PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) SEEDS


Elif Cerrrahoğlu Kocaeli University

Sermin Elevli Ondokuz Mayıs University


Water is one of the most important resources for humans' living and development, and the environmental importance of water is considered as basic necessary everywhere in the world1. Because of the rapid growth of the world population and industrialization, water contamination has become a serious environmental concern in recent years. Some of the heavy metals create essential components which are required by the living beings in short amounts for metabolic activities, but these metals can cause toxicity on the human health in larger amounts1,2. For copper the maximum contaminant level was determined 1.5 mg/L by the Environmental Protection Agency, and over this level it can cause nausea, vomiting, respiratory difficulty, abdominal pain as well as failure of the liver and kidneys3. Because of this, removal of Cu(II) ions from drinking or waste waters has become important working theme in scientific areas. In this study, a comparative study of multi linear regression (MLR), full factorial design (FFD), Box-Behnken design (BBD) and central composite design (CCD) models were performed on the adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions using date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds in a batch system. Initial pH, biosorbent mass and initial Cu(II) concentration were evaluated as experimental parameters on the adsorption capacity of date palm seed for Cu(II). Regression equations in MLR, FFD, BBD and CCD analyze were developed to explain the effects of the parameters. As a result, it was found that RSM models performed better in predicting the sorbed Cu(II) amount compared to the MLR and FFD models.

Keywords: adsorption, box-behnken design (bbd), central composite design (ccd), full factorial design (ffd), multi linear regression (mlr)


29 Abstract Book

CAPNODIS SPECIES (BUPRESTIDAE) IN GAZI UNIVERSITY ZOOLOGY MUSEUM

Üzeyir Çağlar Gazi University

Turgay Üstüner Selçuk Universiy

The aims of the study are to gain the species of Capnodis (Buprestidae) to the Gazi University Zoology Museum as a scientific museum samples which are obtained by field studies in different regions of our country between the years 2000-2015 and to contribute researchers working on the subject. Species that belongs to Capnodis genus were collected by using the sweeping net and forceps by direct observation from the different habitats and regions of Turkey between the years 2000-2015. The localities of the study sites were recorded. These samples were made into standard museum material, diagnosed and photographed. Each species distribution map has been prepared by using the literature and locality knowledge of these species. 191 male and 114 females, a total of 305 Capnodis samples were collected from the field studies carried out in different regions and habitats of Turkey Six species (Capnodis carbonaria, Capnodis cariosa, Capnodis miliaris, Capnodis porosa, Capnodis tenebricosa, Capnodis tenebrionis) were identified as a result of diagnosis of these samples. In this study, 6 species belonging to Capnodis genus were identified. . It is known from this genus that there are 18 species in the world and 15 species in the Palearctic region. There are 10 species of this genus in Turkey. Capnodis species in Gazi University Zoology Museum constitute 60% of Turkey species. It has also been constituted 40% of the species in the Palearctic region. A large number of species belonging to the family Buprestidae are known to be harmful in terms of agricultural, forestry and ornamental plants. Capnodis species are important economic species in terms of agriculture and forestry. It will be possible to follow these genus-related species with the distribution maps that given in the study. The information that given in this study is thought to be going to beneficial for scientists who are researching the subject.

Keywords: zoology museum, biodiversity, buprestidae, capnodis


30 Abstract Book

POWERPLANT SYSTEM DESIGN FOR UNMANNED TRICOPTER

Huseyın Sahin Istanbul Ayvansaray University

Tugrul Oktay Erciyes University

In this article components of powerplant system for an electrically powered unmanned tricopter is designed in order obtain safe and performable autonomous tricopter flight. Electricity is the most environmental friendly energy form. Components used in propulsion systems for a unique tricopter with rotating wing unmanned aerial vehicle that use it as electrical energy source are: propellers, motors, ESC’s (i.e Engine Speed Controller) and battery. The battery stores electricity. The storage capacity of the battery is most important factor which affecting the tricopter’s flying time but the more battery storage capacity as well as more battery weight. If the weight of tricopter is excessive, more thrust must be produced so that the movement capacity not restricted. ESC adjusts the rotation speed of the motor according to the signals received from the rc receiver and the thrust power of the tricopter is adjusted. Motors are the main factor in generating thrust power. The torque of the motor is also important parameter as much as the motor rotation speed (RPM) so that the desired thrust power can be generated. Powerless or low torque motor can heat up and break down when turn the propeller. The last component of thrust system is propeller moves the air. Propeller which is connected the moving part of motor, pushes the air from leading edge of the propeller to trailing edge for generate a thrust power. The most important factors affecting thrust power are length, pitch and RPM of propeller and forward flight speed. Other factors are like air temperature, air pressure, propeller’s angle of attack and density of air.

Keywords: uav, esc, electric motor, propeller

NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL OF CRANE RAILS

Krasimir Krastanov Todor Kableshkov University

Crane rails are an important element of the road. Their condition depends on the required speeds and on the safety of the cranes. An effective way to control the condition of the rails is non-destructive control. Its application allows timely detection of inconveniences and defects in the rails. The principle of action of the control means is based on the use of magnetic and ultrasonic methods. The aim of the paper is to review the methods for non-rational control of crane rails, to present the ways of their design and on the basis of a real section to make experimental studies on the track when it is used by a load crane.

Keywords: safety, crane rails, non-destructive control, defects


31 Abstract Book

ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY MICRO AND NANO-SIZE MGO PARTICLES

Necip Fazıl Yılmaz Gaziantep University

Murat Oduncuoğlu Gaziantep University

Halil İbrahim Kurt Gaziantep University

Musa Yılmaz Gaziantep University

Aluminum alloys, which are lighter than steel and copper alloys, are used in many areas using modern technology such as aerospace, automotive and aerospace where material properties such as high strength/weight ratio are important. In this study, the effect of micro and nano size MgO on the microstructure and hardness properties of Al-Mg composites produced by casting method was investigated. For this purpose, composites were produced by casting method at 700 oC by adding 1, 3 and 5% by weight of Mg and 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 of micro and nano MgO. Mechanical properties and microstructures of alloys reinforced MgO particles with high melting temperature (2852oC), high hardness and thermodynamic stability were investigated using hardness and optical and SEM microscopes. It has been found that the hardness changes depending on the ratio of MgO.

Keywords: stir casting, composite, mechanical properties, mgo

IMAGING PLANT CELL WALLS BY USING MOLECULAR PROBES

Utku Avcı Recep Tayyip Erdogan University

Plant cell walls are currently growing research area in plant biology due to increasing interest in using plant biomass as feedstock for the production of biofuels and other value-added products. Cell walls are composed of polymers with complex and dynamic structures that can vary in cell types anddifferent plant species, which makes better understanding of plant cell wall structure and function important. In order to address this, it is important to have powerful tools that can help imaging diverse glycans at the cellular level. Antibodies that recognize specific cell wall components are currently one of the most effective ways to determine the location and distribution of glycans in plant cell walls. Important insights obtained from the use of these cell wall-directed antibodies will be highlighted.

Keywords: cell walls, imaging, microscopy, monoclonal antibodies, plant biomass


32 Abstract Book

EFFECT OF MECHANICAL ACTIVATION ON ACID LEACHING FOR NICKEL RECOVERY FROM LATERITIC ORE: OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS



Ufuk Yıldız Kocaeli University

Mechanical activation by high-energy milling is an innovative procedure that improves the efficiency of mineral processing (Apaydın et al., 2010). In the case of high-energy milling the increase in specific surface area, decrease in mineral crystalline phase content, and reduction of particle size are the main factors, which have a favorable influence on the leaching processes in extractive metallurgy (Bujňáková et al., 2014). In this study, the effect of mechanical activation (MA) on the acid leaching (AL) was investigated for high efficiency nickel recovery from lateritic ore. For this purpose, mechanical activation and acid leaching studies were performed according to an experimental plan generated by Central Composite Design (CCD), an experimental design method. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach has been used in evaluating the experimental results to determine the effective process parameters on nickel recovery by examining both MA and AL parameters in detail. Mathematical equations and surface plots obtained from the model show the effects and interactions of the factors (Montgomery, 2008). In addition, the most suitable process conditions to achieve high-efficiency nickel recovery were determined by optimizing parameters effective for both mechanical activation and acid leaching. In the optimum process conditions determined by CCD, model and experimentally obtained nickel recovery were determined as 98.76% ± 0.10 (N=2) and 97.92% ± 1.83 (N=2), respectively. Also, various analytical tools, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the solid products after mechanical activation and leaching process. The results of the study show that changes in the ore structure during mechanical activation have a positive effect on the acid leaching, and this effect can provide higher nickel recovery in lower acid concentrations and at shorter leaching times.

Keywords: mechanical activation, lateritic ore, leaching, response surface methodology


33 Abstract Book

ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE IN NANOSTRUCTURES

Ersu Lökçü Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Mustafa Anık Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Mg-Ni based, La-Ni based and CoB nanostructured alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying, electro-deoxidation and chemical reduction methods, respectively. Mg-Ni based alloys were modified by Zr, Ti, Al, Pd and Co additive elements to obtain high performance hydrogen storage alloy. In addition to the composition modification by Co and Mg additive elements, the stoichiometry of La-Ni based alloys were also changed with the novel synthesis technique. The charge/discharge mechanism was proposed for CoB nano-powders.

Keywords: hydrogen storage, mechanical alloying, electro-deoxidation

PRESSURE LOSS AND HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT ASSESSMENT OF LIQUID SODIUM (NA) AND LIQUID LEAD BISMUTH EUTECTIC (LBE) IN ABSORBER TUBE

Utkucan Şahin Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

This paper presents numerically investigation of comparison of pressure loss per meter and heat transfer coefficient among the heat transfer fluids (HTFs) in absorber tube of parabolic trough collector. Liquid sodium (Na) and liquid lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) were selected as HTFs for this purpose. And, parameters of absorber tube were considered from SEGS LS-2 parabolic solar collector. Volumetric flow rates of HTFs in absorber tube were considered as 100, 120, 140 and 160 gallons per minute (gpm). Thermopyhsical properties of liquid Na and liquid LBE were compared, also. Results showed that ratios of heat transfer coefficient of liquid LBE versus liquid Na ranged from about 300 to 1700 whereas ratios of pressure loss per meter of liquid LBE versus liquid Na ranged from about 10 to 11.7, when the fluid temperatures ranged in 150-850 °C. And, it was obtained that both of these ratios increased with increasing of volumetric flow rates. Additionally, increasing of volumetric flow rate resulted in increasing of heat transfer coefficient but also increasing of pressure loss. Moreover, pump work of HTFs were compared. For this purpose, out of surface temperature and length of absorber tube was considered as 500 °C and 10 m, respectively. Results showed that liquid LBE required about 10-10.9 times pump work than liquid Na.

Keywords: heat transfer fluids, heat transfer coefficient, absorber tube, parabolic trough collector


34 Abstract Book

THE HEART OF INNOVATION-BASED INFORMATION ECONOMY: LIFE-LONG LEARNING

Fahriye Gözgü Adnan Menderes University

Since the twentieth century, the world has undergone very significant changes and transformations in social, economic and cultural terms. In other words, these changes necessitate the education of individuals throughout their lives, requiring them to gather together and keep up with these rapid changes. Human resources, expressed as information workers, are a critical element of global competition in the knowledge economy where technological superiority is at the forefront. Demographically, innovation and innovation with information and communication technologies are seen as a result of the dynamism of the well-educated young population. Human capital; knowledge, skills, experience and dynamism that enable the production workforce to have more work and use other production factors more efficiently. These values lead to the discovery and use of new technologies, so that economic growth increases and the country's economy grows faster. In the twenty-first century societies now need individuals who are self-improving and have lifelong learning skills. It is possible that the individual can continue his daily life in a harmonious manner and closely follow developments in his profession. The self-renewal of the individual can only be achieved through lifelong learning. Life-long education, with the understanding that education must be a world-wide and lifelong process for the full development of human personality in the face of the pace of scientific, technical, economic and social change; Aims to bring individuals to the level to cope with the economic, cultural and political changes that take place in the life of the society. Life-long education has three main purposes. These are creating opportunities for lifelong learning, ensuring personal development of individuals, realizing social cohesion and ensuring economic growth. In this study, a literature review on the concept and scope of lifelong learning will be made and the relationship between lifelong learning data and innovation performance determinants will be examined in Turkey.

Keywords: information economy, innovation, life-long learning


35 Abstract Book

USE OF WASTE WIRES DERIVED FROM END-OF-LIFE TIRES (ELTS) IN SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETES

Kutalmış Recep Akça Sakarya University

Metin İpek Sakarya University

Sevgi Çelenk Sakarya University

Aykut Karabulak Sakarya University

In Turkey, approximately 200-300 thousand tons of waste vehicle tires are being sent to recycling plants that aim to provide service in this regard. This study was aimed at providing a new area of utilization to end-of-life tires (ELTs) and also recycling in order to eliminate its negative environmental impacts. Bead wires derived from ELTs were used as fiber reinforcement in self-consolidating concrete (SCC) manufacturing. Mechanical properties of the reference, industrial steel fiber reinforced (1-2-3%) and ELTs wire reinforced (1-2-3%) 28-day specimens were experimentally investigated. Within this scope, compressive and flexural tensile strength tests were carried out. Although, specimens that contain 1% and 2% ELTs wire have 4% and 14% higher compressive strength than that of reference specimen which has no fiber reinforcement respectively, homogenous mixture were not able to be obtained for 3% ELTs wire reinforced specimens. Although to a lesser extent industrial steel fiber reinforced specimens, increases in excess of 100% were observed on flexural tensile strength results for ELTs wire reinforced specimens. Besides, ELTs wires contributed positively to concrete ductility and fracture toughness values of SCC specimens increased by means of ELTs wire addition.

Keywords: self-consolidating concrete, recycle, waste tire, steel fiber

ABOUT THE SAFETY BY USING OF MOBILE CRANES

Krasimir Krastanov Todor Kableshkov University

Mobile crane incidents can cause devastating results in terms of production, property damage, and loss of human life. The paper presents analysis of different critical elements in operation of mobile cranes, Ðµxploration of problems related to stability and increasing of safety by work with mobile cranes.

Keywords: safety, mobile cranes, stability


36 Abstract Book

DETERMINING MOMENT-CURVATURE RELATIONSHIP OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

Gokhan Dok Sakarya University

Hakan Ozturk Sakarya University

Aydin Demir Sakarya University

Determining the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) members is crucial in RC structures. The nonlinear attributes of RC members are defined according to the cross-sectional behavior of RC members to evaluate the performance of structures. To be able to determine cross sectional behavior of RC members, moment-curvature relationship should be known well. In the RC structures, using moment-curvature (MC) relationship is the best way to represent cross sectional behavior and nonlinear properties of RC members. The MC relationship of RC cross sections can be evaluated by both experimentally or numerically. Some experimental studies on RC members which are applied with 1:1 scale can be difficult to define moment-curvature relationship. The purpose of the study is to obtain the MC relationship of RC rectangular and circular and circular columns numerically. By the way this study is tried to achieve determining the parameters which effect MC relationship of RC members. In the study, to evaluate MC relationship of RC members XTRACT programme which represents influentially MC relationship is used. Compressive strength of concrete, axial load on the RC sections, longitudinal and transverse reinforcing ratio, are selected as comparison parameters which effect MC relationship. As a consequence of this study curvature ductility and effective flexural stiffness of RC rectangular and circular sections are determined using these parameters. Effective flexural stiffness is compared with the values defined in design codes.

Keywords: moment-curvature relationship, reinforced concrete columns


37 Abstract Book

DETERMINING EFFECTIVE FLEXURAL STIFFNESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS AND COMPARISON WITH CODES


Aydin Demir Sakarya University


It is very important to determine the behavior of reinforced concrete members in reinforced concrete structures. In order to realistically determine the performance of reinforced concrete structures, the cross-sectional characteristics and behaviors of the structural system elements should be known. The most accurate approach is the moment curvature relation which realistically represents behavior of reinforced concrete section. Moment curvature relationship can be determined both numerically and experimentally. It is very difficult to evaluate reinforced concrete structural members by full scale modeling in experimental studies. In the study, moment curvature relationships and effective flexural stiffness of reinforced concrete shear walls are determined by numerically. In addition, parameters which are affecting effective flexural stiffness are determined for reinforced concrete shear walls. For this purpose, the XTRACT program, which reliably determines moment curvature relationships and effective flexural stiffness, is used. While the reinforced concrete shear walls dimensions are kept constant and by changing the quality of concrete with transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratios, effects of that parameters on moment curvature relationship and effective flexural stiffness are investigated. As a result of the study, ductility ratio and effective flexural stiffness values are determined for reinforced concrete shear walls considering these variables. The values obtained from the analysis results are compared with the current codes and their accuracy is compared.

Keywords: moment curvature relationship, reinforced concrete shear wall, effective flexural stiffness


38 Abstract Book

EVALUATION OF EMPIRICAL YIELD CURVATURE EQUATION DEFINED IN TECB-2016 FOR RECTANGULAR SHEAR WALLS

Aydın Demir Sakarya University



In the performance based design and assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, the damage to be occurred on structural members can be obtained by determination of sectional behavior of the members. Sectional behavior can be best investigated by moment-curvature (MC) relationship. In the study; sensitivity of an empirical formulation given in new draft Turkish seismic code for buildings 2016 (TECB-2016) to calculate yield curvature of RC rectangular shear walls is evaluated analytically. For this objective; rectangular RC shear wall sections having different transverse and longitudinal reinforcement, and characteristic concrete compressive strength are constituted. After performing MC analysis of that sections, effects of determined parameters on yield curvature are investigated. The results obtained from numerical study for each parameter are compared with the yield curvature values calculated by using code-defined equations.

Keywords: moment-curvature, yield curvature, reinforced concrete shear wall, tecb-2016


39 Abstract Book

TRENGTHENING FRAMEWORK OF BENDING

Cemal Yılmaz Sakarya University

Aydın Demir Sakarya University

Gökhan Dok Sakarya University


Naci Çağlar Sakarya University

In this study, the capacity of 90 tons with a capacity of 60 tons bending the frame for the purpose of removing three different designs studied. The first of these designs, the load in parallel to the increase in the vertical movement of the frame made to prevent bending, includes rigid base and rigid connections. Second design; includes installation of eight rod bending the support element to the frame. In the final design, the load cell under the influence of pressure, bending the steel plate in order to prevent the displacement of the midpoint of the frame supported by the includes. After the process of strengthening, we investigated the behavior of the frame under the influence of a load of 90 tons. For this purpose, the migration capacity of over 90 tons of reinforced concrete beam is produced. This beam, simple beam in bending are built into the frame in accordance with the terms. Bending strain on the frame is affixed to the midpoint of each element tij eight steel stamp. The reinforced concrete beam load cell with strain up to 90 tons of load is applied and the stamps with the help of steel elements tij in the load-strain values were obtained. As a result, the 90-ton load element under the influence of steel yield strain in the steel rod has been determined to be below the value with the value of 0.0006. According to the value obtained from the strain, bending force from 90 tons to the frame that can be applied in a higher concluded.

Keywords: bending frame, static experiment, rod


40 Abstract Book

CATECHIN AND EPICATECHIN INDUCE CELL DEATH AND AFFECT EXPRESSION OF CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN HUMAN COLON CANCER CELLS

Muzaffer Dükel Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Hülya Ayar Kayalı Dokuz Eylul University

Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer and is second cause of mortality throughout America and Europe. One million new colorectal cancer cases occur each year worldwide and more than half of these cases dies. Several methods have been used in cancer treatment and new approaches are being developed for more effective treatment. Using natural dietary agents can help to reverse or prevent carcinogenic progression therefore cancer chemoprevention has become a promising way to fight with cancer. A huge number of studies indicate that long-term consumption of diet rich in vegetables reduce the risk of cancer. Flavonoids are plant compounds that they present in human diet comprise many polyphenolic secondary metabolites and have different effect on normal and cancer cell lines. Cell adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins, which are vital for carcinogenesis, and play a key role in several physiological processes. Our previous work indicated that Catechin and Epicatechin suppress cell proliferation. In present study, we aimed to show anticarcinogenic effect of these flavonoids on colon cancer cells by testing expression of cell adhesion molecules after flavonoid treatment. We also sought reason of cell death following flavonoid treatment by testing apoptosis and autophagy gene expression. Cell culture and flavonoids treatment, immunoblot, qRT-PCR, and MTT had been performed during this study. In this study, primer colon cancer cell line Caco-2, adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 and metastatic colon cancer cells SW620, and 1 normal colon epithelial cell (CCD18Co) were cultured. To investigate effects of selected flavonoids on cell survival we treated to both normal and cancer cells via different concentration of these flavonoids and measured MTT data following 24-hour treatment. Then we decided to which concentration of flavonoids treatment has utilizable impact on colon cancer cells. To examine expression of cell adhesion molecules we analyzed alteration in expression of E-cadherin, EpCAM, Claudin-1, 3, 4, 7, CD82, CD9, Tspan8 and vimentin via immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. We also tested expression apoptosis and autophagy genes to understand how these flavonoids cause cell death in indicated cell lines. We found out that catechin and epicatechin reduce proliferation and induce cell death through either apoptosis or autophagy in colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, these flavonoids affect expression of cell adhesion molecules, which are vital for metastasis.

Keywords: catechin, epicatechin, colon cancer, cell adhesion molecules


41 Abstract Book

PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC) INHIBITORS BISINDOLYLMALEIMIDE I AND GO 6976 EXHIBIT ANTI-CANCER EFFECT THROUGH DOWN-REGULATION OF CELL ADHESION

MOLECULES

Muzaffer Dükel Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Hülya Ayar Kayalı Dokuz Eylul University

Currently, 12 members of the Protein Kinase C family have been identified and investigated in the context of cancer fallowing discovery that these serine/threonine kinases have several regulatory functions and play important role in many human diseases including cancer. Increasing evidence points to changed expression of PKCs may play important role in colon cancer development, and deficiency in PKCs activity is associated with altered cell proliferation, survival and anti-apoptosis properties in colon cancer and other cancer types. Bisindolylmaleimide I and Go 6976 are potent and selective PKC inhibitors, especially PKCα and β, which were modified from natural compounds, and both Bisindolylmaleimide derivatives and Go 6976 induce apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we observed that expression levels of PKCα, PKCβ, PKCη, are markedly up-regulated in colon cancer cells compared to normal colon epithelial cell. On the other hand, we found out that expression of PKCε, ζ are decreased in colon cancer cell lines, and no significant alteration for PKCδ. Since we knew that colon cancer cells have elevated expression of PKCα and PKCβ, and PKCη whereas normal colon epithelial cell does, we investigated whether PKC inhibitor (Bisindolylmaleimide I, Go 6976) may regulate cell survival, and whether decreased PKC activity may downregulate expression of CAM (cell adhesion molecules). In addition, the potential anticancer activity of PKC inhibitors was assessed at moderate concentration on ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and cellular damage, and activity of caspase in colon cancer cells. Cell culture and drug treatment, immunoblot analysis, qRT-PCR analysis, cell viability assay, detection of intracellular ROS generation had been performed during this study. Primer colon cancer cell line Caco-2, adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 and metastatic colon cancer cells SW620, and normal colon epithelial cell (CCD18Co) were cultured for in vitro analysis. We found out that Bisindolylmaleimide I, Go 6976 induced apoptosis and autophagy in colon cancer cell lines. In addition, we found that colon cancer cells respond to PKC inhibitors, with a decrease in expression of the epithelial marker EpCAM, E-cadherin and tight junction protein Claudin-1, 3, and 4.

Keywords: pkc inhibitors, colon cancer, cam, apoptosis, autophagy


42 Abstract Book

ANALYZING THE CONTENT OF DAIRY PRODUCTS USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

Çağla Yıldırım Pamukkale University

Ceren Atik Pamukkale University

Meriç Çetin Pamukkale University

Considering human health, it is very important for individuals to select the products they will use correctly in order to reduce the effect caused by any allergic or chronic health condition. In addition, health problems caused by nutrients are increasing day by day. Thus, people should carefully check the components and contents of their purchased products in case of any health problem. In this study, it was aimed to determine the nutrients that could trigger some health problems related to the consumption of dairy products and to prevent the consumption of these nutrients. For this purpose, an application which is user friendly and easy to use in daily life has been developed by using image processing based techniques. The mobile application, called "Dairy Products", was developed using Tesseract's Tess-two library on Android Studio with Java language. It was aimed to perform content analysis of dairy products by application developed using Optical character recognition (OCR). The objective of OCR system for general purpose is to convert scanned or photographed pictured format documents into corresponding usable symbolic representation. With this application, the dairy products that should not be consumed as a result of the content analysis can be determined specifically for the person.

Keywords: optical character recognition, image processing, android mobile applications, content analysis


43 Abstract Book

SIM900 GSM/GPRS MODULE BASED INTELLIGENT DOOR-LIGHTING SYSTEM DESIGN

Murat Dener Gazi University

In this work, SIM900 GSM/GPRS module based intelligent door-lighting system has been developed. Users can open and close the door-lighting independently from time and place with sms. At the same time, because of the developed web interface, they can monitor whether the door-lighting is on or off. This work, using SIM900 GSM / GPRS module, electric door lock, electric lighting and relay card, will be beneficial to intelligent system developers and readers.

Keywords: sim900 gsm/gprs, intelligent system, smart lighting, smart door

INVESTIGATION OF METHODS USED IN MODELING AND FORECASTING OF STREAM FLOWS AND LOCATION OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS IN THIS AREA

Osman Selvi Istanbul Aydın University

Machine learning is used today to produce different kinds of results in many areas of engineering. In our work, studies on modelling hydrological processes of machine learning methods have been investigated. The researchers make short or long-term forecasts by modeling the hydrological processes of a selected basin. Researchers thanks to the estimates made can be created early warning systems in the short term or can be provide knowledge to decision makers in the long term for sustainable water resource management. In the literature survey made in this context, the answers to the questions about the modeling methods of streamflows in hydrology, the place of machine learning methods in this area, input parameters used in modeling, input methods used for selecting models and performance evaluation methods of developed models were searched. Most commonly used methods for modeling stream flows are artificial neural network methods (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), bayesian methods, fuzzy logic methods, AR & MA derivative methods. While stream flow data is used as the basic input parameter, it is seen that parameters such as the amount of precipitation and the evaporation rate are used in some studies. The most frequently used methods for efficiency evaluation are MSE, MAE, RMSE, r, R2 and NSE.

Keywords: stream flow forecasting, machine learning


44 Abstract Book

EVALUATION OF URBAN FURNITURES IN WATERFRONT PARKS ACCORDING TO USERS: SAMPLE OF TRABZON

Buket Özdemir Işık Avrasya University

Göksu Selin Odacı Avrasya University

Waterfront plan and spatial arrangement in cities bordering a body of water enhance waterfront utilization in terms of recreational activities. This advantage that water brings psychologically makes a relaxing and calming impact on people. When viewed from this aspect, it enables waterfront users to prefer waterfront areas much more in leisure time and on holidays. In this study, frequency of usage based on user potential for the waterfront parks founded in the city of Trabzon bordering Black Sea is examined. For the study, 3 waterfront parks separetely founded in the city center and the towns Akçaabat and Arsin are evaluated according to their own users and analyzed through SPSS program. The users are asked to declare to what extent they are pleased with the design elements founded in the parks considering their functions and express their opinions about planning decisions in the park areas. According to the results, it is concluded that the waterfront parks in Trabzon typically have distinct values in terms of distance to the city (transportation) and the quality and range of urban furniturs. While projecting a further waterfront landscape planning, to evaluate urban furnitures, material types and site selection based on users’ requests at the stages of data gathering and analyzing will be able to prevent making wrong post-planning decisions.

Keywords: coast, coastal parks, coastal planning, coastal users, urban furniture


45 Abstract Book

INFLUENCE OF AL CONTENT AND ASSOCIATED β-PHASE MORPHOLOGY ON CORROSION PROPERTIES OF MG/AL ALLOYS

Sennur Candan Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University

The influence of the Al content and associated β morphology on the corrosion of Mg alloys has been studied using AZ41 and AZ91 series Mg alloys and compared with the corrosion of non-Al containing Mg alloy (i.e AZ01). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for microstructural examinations. The corrosion behaviors were evaluated by immersion tests and potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. The globular shaped β intermetallic phases were present in AZ41 alloy whereas they were transformed into a more coarsened lamellar or partially divorced β eutectics in AZ91 alloys. The results showed that the influence of Al addition on corrosion resistance was more pronounced up to 4 wt% (i.e AZ41) above which its influence was at less extent. The deterioration of the corrosion resistance of the alloys, at higher Al contents, was attributed to amount and morphology of β (Mg17Al12) intermetallics and the interruption of continuity of the oxide film on the surface of the alloys owing to coarsened β intermetallics.

Keywords: mg alloy, az series alloys, corrosion


46 Abstract Book

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF A RC SCHOOL BUILDING CONSIDERING DIFFERENT SOIL CLASSES

Murat Doğru

Güray Arslan

Occurrence of major material damage and loss of lives due to earthquakes in our country show that the earthquake safety of existing building stock is not enough. It is important of great importance to determine seismic performance of existing buildings. However, some building types have great importance such as school buildings, hospitals etc. A reliable performance estimation is very important to achieve seismic safety of this type of buildings. Seismic performance of a building depends on not only its behavior but also the soil class on which it is constructed. In this study, performance estimation of an existing RC school buildings has been conducted considering different soil types. The aim of this study is to determine the seismic behavior of school type RC buildings considering different soil classes. For this purpose, a five-story reinforced concrete (RC) school building was selected to evaluate the seismic performance and this building designed according to Turkish Seismic Code (TSC) 1975. The seismic performance of the existing building is estimated according to TSC 2007 using Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) considering different soil classes as A, B, C and D. NSP is also referred to as Pushover Analysis Method. Pushover curve is transformed to modal capacity diagram and the inelastic displacement demand of the building is estimated by intersecting the modal capacity diagram and the behavior spectrum, which is estimated by transforming the design spectrum given in TSC 2007. Soil class is considered by changing the corner periods of design spectrum. Thus, performance level is estimated for the design earthquake by using the design spectrum.

Keywords: seismic performance, reinforced concrete, pushover analysis, soil class


47 Abstract Book

AUTOMATION SYSTEM DESIGN FOR FAULT DETECTION IN STREET LIGHTING

Murat Ayaz Kocaeli University

Koray Erhan Kocaeli University

İsmail Malik Kundakcı Kocaeli University

Hüseyin Metin Ertunç Kocaeli University

Today, with the Industrial 4.0 revolution, industrial applications are being designed with information technology. Substantial properties such as decision making, action taking and traceability for industrial applications are achieved with usage of information technology. Just as in all areas of industry, lighting applications are evaluated within this scope. In this study, a fault detection system is developed to find the location of faults in street lighting. A transformer center provides energy for many street lighting fittings. In some cases, many of the lighting columns are fed by a single distribution transformer. Detection of a faulty lamp in a large number of lighting fittings is often not possible, and the user is adversely affecting comfort. Generally, the authorities are aware of the situation by means of the complaints of the neighborhood residents. With the proposed algorithm given in this study, it is possible to predict which lighting fitting is faulty with the help of the current sensors placed in the transformer center. Current values of each lines connected to the transformer is evaluated in the proposed fault detection system. As it is known how many lighting columns are in each line, it can be determined by making calculations how many lighting fittings are defective on one line. Then, the proposed system calculates the required voltage drop and estimates location of the faulty lighting fitting. For example, 15 lighting columns fed by same line are divided into 3 groups such as 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15, and the location of the faulty lighting fitting can be estimated within a certain range (groups). This allows determining the location of the faulty lighting column within a 100-meter zone instead of within lighting columns located in hundreds of kilometers zone. In this regard, intervention to the fault is possible in a short time and with great certainty. This situation provides both reducing of the workforce and improving user comfort.

Keywords: street lighting systems, industrial automation, industry 4.0, plc


48 Abstract Book

DESIGN OF A COIL LATH BONDING MACHINE FOR DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Hakan Biçil Kocaeli University

Tufan Polat Kocaeli University

İsmail Malik Kundakcı Kocaeli University

Murat Ayaz Kocaeli University

Hüseyin Metin Ertunç Kocaeli University

It is desired that each product has the same quality and standard values in industrial production systems. Accordingly, it is aimed to reduce the use of human labor force in almost every industrial production lines in order to increase the quality standards while reducing production costs. In today's developing technology, reduction of human labor is possible with industrial automation systems. This work deals with a machine design that automatically enables the bonding of lath used in high-power transformer coils. As known, lath bonding in transformers is mostly done by human power. Therefore, providing of the standard in production is becoming difficult and slow. With the designed machine, the production process is shortened and it is aimed that the process to be done is better quality and it is carried out in accordance with the standards.

Keywords: industrial automation, distribution transformers, plc, machine design


49 Abstract Book

EFFECT OF SALINE WATER ON SILTY SOILS

Kurban Öntürk Sakarya University

Mustafa Özsağır Sakarya University

Kadir Kocaman Sakarya University

Triaxial shear tests are performed to determine shear resistance parameters of the soils (c: cohesion, shear resistance angle). In the study, silty soils obtained from Sakarya region were studied. Triaxial unconsolidated and undrained shear test was preferred. Soil classification tests were applied to the sample. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of saline water on the compressibility and shear strength of silty soils. Water with different salt concentrations was added to the soil sample used in the study. Saline solutions were prepared at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% salt contents. Twenty-five compaction tests and seventy-five unconsolidated-undrained (UU) shear tests were performed. As a result, it was observed that the increase of the salt content decreased the optimum water content of the soil and increased the maximum dry unit volume weight. However, it has been determined that the shear strength of the soil decreases with the increase of the salt content.

Keywords: saline water, silty soil, compaction, triaxial shear test


50 Abstract Book

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF FLY ASH IN ROAD SUBBASE

Kurban Öntürk Sakarya University

Kadir Kocaman Sakarya University

Mustafa Özsağır Sakarya University

Soil improvement is a subject that is frequently investigated in our country. There are methods such as compaction, injection, reinforcement, stabilization etc. in the soil improvement. In the study, stabilization method with industrial wastes was preferred. The most important aim of soil improvement is to improve existing soil properties. One of the main purposes of using industrial wastes in such studies is to prevent the depletion of natural resources and to be recycled as raw materials in waste products. In the study, influences of 10% and 15% fly ash which is an industrial waste on kaolin and bentonite were investigated. Specific gravity, consistency limits, soil classification, compaction and CBR tests were carried out on the soil samples. As a result of the cost calculations made on the homogeneous artificial soil sample obtained by adding fly ash waste to natural soil samples, 131.25 m3of natural resources were prevented from being consumed during the 1 km road construction.

Keywords: fly ash, soil improvement, kaolin and bentonite, recycling, road subgrade


51 Abstract Book

ROLE OF PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES IN IMPROVING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ SKILLS IN STOICHIOMETRY AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS

Ziad Said College of The North Atlantic Qatar

Hellena Adam College of The North Atlantic Qatar

This paper presents results on improvement of college students’ knowledge of “units of measurements” understanding and their inter-conversions, and improving their skills in manipulating and understanding chemical calculations through practical experiments on corrosion of four different steel alloys. The experiments constitute a practical part (1 hour/week) of a course on materials and corrosion for second year diploma program in chemical processing. The course includes 3 hours theory as the major part. The course introduced learners to the physical and mechanical properties of materials commonly used in the chemical processing industries. One part of the course examines the factors that promote the corrosion of these materials when used in industrial processes. Learners also examine a variety of means of controlling and monitoring of corrosion and corrosion processes in chemical industries. During the academic term winter 2017, 20 students were enrolled in this course. Due to the limited time allotted to practical session, the practical part of the course was focusing on a long single experiment of monitoring corrosion rate of four bars of different steel alloys having the same surface area, placed in a solution of 3.6 % sodium chloride solution, over 8 weeks, by measuring weekly weight loss of each specimen. Students’ development of knowledge was monitored by three different theoretical tests, over the period, that involve similar calculations (but not identical) on rust and rate of corrosion. The first two tests were undertaken independent of the final results of the practical part with similar questions (but not identical) were given. The third test was undertaken after the students have submitted reports of their results and calculation. In the first test, two students only were able to score over 80% mark in the calculation part of the test which consists of two problems; four were able to solve one problem only scoring about 50%. Fourteen students were unable to solve any of the two problems. In the second test, four students scored over 80% of the mark in the calculation part and 7 students scored around 50%. The rest failed to solve any problem. In the third test 19 students scored over 80% and 1 student scored 50%. On the units of measurement that required 3 conversions, 2 students were able to manipulate all the conversion calculation correctly, 5 with two correct conversions, 13 with no correct conversion. In the second test 8 students were able to manipulate all conversions correctly (although some included few calculation error), 4 with two correct conversions and 8 with no correct conversions. In the third test 18 students were able to manipulate all conversions correctly, 2 students with two correct conversions.

Keywords: science, corrosion, practical, stoichiometry, units of measurements


52 Abstract Book

HOME ELECTRICITY AUTOMATION VIA IOT: SMART MOBILE PHONE AND BEACON SUPPORTED PROGRAMMABLE HOME TYPE FUSE

Ahmet Böbrek Mehmetakif Ersoy University

Muhammer İlkuçar Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

In condition of fuse-blowing due to an undesired event (i.e lightning) resulting to short circuit or leakage current on the electrical network system which electrical home appliances are connected to, check of the wiring and re-set of fuse become necessary. Otherwise, refrigerator, deep freezer and security alert devices will not work. Foods like meat, yoghurt etc. which are high in protein will spoil and putrefy. Due to failure of security alert systems, any alert or alarm cannot be activated and any record cannot be done during an attack or burglary. Therefore, these types of devices should not be on failure state for a long time. In addition, another undesired condition about leaving homes for a long time is to be in undesired-working state of the devices. The devices like iron, electrical teapot, water heater and electric heater should not be forgotten on working state. Through a smart fuse, a device can be put to open or closed state. Some fuses can be closed automatically when you move away from home with the aid of smart mobile phones and Beacon. Moreover, these smart fuses can be controlled from the internet and smart mobile phone via connecting them to a network system. Under favour of the system, all the electrical wiring at home can be controlled and monitored from anywhere. The system will be especially useful for disable people like alzheimer, elderly, preoccupied.

Keywords: smart fuse, programmable fuse, ıot, house automation, android controlled-home automation


53 Abstract Book

STUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF FINNISH, SLOVENIAN, ESTONIAN AND ICELANDIC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION

Ossi Autio University of Helsinki

Janez Jamsek University of Ljubljana

Mart Soobik University of Tallinn

Brynjar Olafsson University of Iceland

The research is based on a comparative study of craft and technology education curriculums and students' attitudes towards craft and technology in Finland, Slovenia, Estonia and Iceland. The study was undertaken by the Helsinki University, University of Ljubljana, University of Tallinn and University of Iceland during years 2012-2015. A literature review was completed, in order to examine and compare the curriculums of craft and technology education in Finland, Estonia and Iceland. In addition, a quantitative survey was subsequently distributed to 864 school students in Finland, Slovenia, Estonia and Iceland. It consisted of 14 questions, which aimed to ascertain students' attitudes towards craft and technology. The survey showed substantial differences in students' attitudes towards craft and technology education in the three countries: these differences may be explained by differences in the national curriculums, the different pedagogical traditions and cultural differences in the field of technology. However, for deeper understanding, the quantitative findings need to be examined further with different research methods.

Keywords: technology education, attitudes, curriculum


54 Abstract Book

DETERMINATION OF BIOEQUIVALENCE OF METFORMIN TABLETS USING URINARY EXCRETION DATA

Eva Troja Profarma SH.A. Pharmaceutical Industry, Tirana

Leonard Deda University of Medicine, Tirana

The aim of the present study was to assess the bioequivalence of two metformin tablet formulations available in the Albanian market (product R as reference formulation and product T as test formulation). The bioequivalence study was performed in twenty healthy volunteers in a two - treatment, open, crossover design. Single oral dose (tablet containing 850 mg of metformin) of each product was administered with one week of washout period. Urinary concentrations of metformin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and pharmacokinetics parameters were estimated by urinary excretion data. The bioequivalence was determined by the following parameters: the cumulative amount of metformin excreted in the urine, the total amount of metformin excreted in the urine and the maximum urinary excretion rate of metformin. Various pharmacokinetic parameters like peak excretion rate [(dDU/dt)max], time for peak excretion rate (tmax), cumulative amount (Dcum0-24), total amount of drug recovered from urine (Dcum0-â), elimination half-life (t1/2), and terminal elimination rate constant (kel), were calculated for both the formulations.The average cumulative amounts of metformin excreted in urine after administration of Formulation R and Formulation T were found to be 346.3 mg (40.74% of dose) and 358.7 mg (42.2% of dose), respectively. The urinary excretion profiles of metformin up to 24 h for both the formulations were found to be similar. Statistical comparison (90% confidence intervals of ratio) of pharmacokinetic parameters were in compliance with the international standards, indicating that products R and T can be considered bioequivalents and therefore interchangeable.

Keywords: metformin, urinary excretion, bioequivalence study


55 Abstract Book

EFFECT OF CORROSION INHIBITORS ON FOAMING TENDENCIES OF REAL INDUSTRIAL LEAN MDEA SOLUTIONS

Fawzi Banat Khalifa University

Mohammad Keewan Khalifa University

Jerina Zain Khalifa University

Corrosion inhibitors play a major role in amine foaming during the gas sweetening process. The effect of corrosion inhibitors on the foaming behavior of industrial lean amine solution was investigated. This study aimed at reducing the foaming tendency and stability of amine solutions when corrosion inhibitors such as Bis (2-Hydroxyehyl) Cocoalkylamine (BHCL) and hydrocarbon-based (HCB) were present. Set of experiments were conducted at different operating conditions including liquid height, foaming time, corrosion inhibitor concentration, nitrogen flow rate, solution temperature and pore size of gas diffuser using foam scan apparatus. . Increasing the foaming time and liquid height increased the foaming tendency. Foaming tendency of lean amine solution decreased at higher temperatures but increased in presence of corrosion inhibitors. The foam height tended to decrease at high gas flow rate in the presence of BHCL but increased in the presence of HCB. . With optimizing the operating conditions, the foaming tendency could be alleviated.

Keywords: foaming, corrosion, gas sweetening, mdea


56 Abstract Book

A NOVEL HYBRID EDGE DETECTION TECHNIQUE: ABC-FA

Elif Deniz Yelmenoğlu Isik University

Numan Çelebi Sakarya University

Tuğrul Taşçı Sakarya University

Image processing is a vast research field with diversified set of practices utilized in so many application areas such as military, security, medical imaging, machine learning and computer vision based on extracted useful information from any kind of image data. Edges within images are undoubtedly accepted as one of the most significant features providing substantial practical information for various applications working on top of miscellaneous optimization algorithms to achieve better results. Artificial Bee Colony and Firefly algorithms are recently developed optimization algorithms and are used to obtain better results for various problems. In this study, a novel hybrid optimization technique is proposed by combining those algorithms aiming better quality in edge detection on grayscale images. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with individual performances of Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and the fundamental edge detection methods. The results are demonstrated that the proposed method is encouraging and also produces meaningful results for similar applications.

Keywords: image processing, edge detection, meta-heuristic, artificial bee colony (abc), firefly (fa)


57 Abstract Book

A HEALTH PROBLEM BRUCELLOSIS; BRUCELLA SPP. RESEARCH IN VILLAGE CHEESES PRODUCED IN GIRESUN REGION

Cavidan Demir Gökışık Giresun University

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. bacteria. There is no treatment in animals. In humans, treatment is difficult and long-lasting treatment, which can lead to recurrence after treatment and many complications in various organs. Our country is an important health problem as it is in the whole world in terms of public health and animal health. Animal and human notification are obligatory diseases. Brucellosis infects people with sick animal wastes, contact with animals, infected milk and products, meat. It is also called cheese disease for Brucella spp. the main sources of human brucellosis for general population are dairy products prepared from raw milk. The most risky groups are; animal breeders, shepherds, veterinarians, farmers, slaughter workers, butchers, milkers and chefs, and microbiology laboratories. In this research, fresh village cheese made from raw milk by villagers in Giresun region and offered for sale in public markets, and local tulum cheese made from these cheeses, Brucella spp. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and the prevalence of bacteria. Between July-August 2017, 80 local fresh village cheese and 32 local overalls cheese, which are open to public sale in the central and district public markets of Giresun, were collected in sterile containers as 100 g. 5 g samples from the samples were processed with cultural methods after enrichment procedures. As a result of bacteriological studies, Brucella spp. was found in one of 80 fresh village cheese samples (1,3%) and in one of the 32 local tulum cheese samples (3,2%). Brucella spp. are suspicious. Fresh cheese made from raw milk and tulum cheeses were risky for Brucella spp. infection. As a result, fresh cheese and tulum cheeses, made directly from raw milk, without pasteurization, were found to be risky for people in the direction of Brucella spp.

Keywords: brucella spp., brucellosis, cheese, Giresun


58 Abstract Book

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHROMOSOME NUMBER EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY IN CERAMBYCIDAE (COLEOPTERA)

Atılay Yağmur Okutaner Ahi Evran University

Özkan Sarıkaya Ahi Evran University

Hüseyin Ozdikmen Gazi University

With a large number of members Cerambycidae is one of the most important families in Coleoptera It includes a large number of taxa in the subfamily and genus categories and has a very wide spread area in the world. Evolution is visible when new characters acquired by the exchange of ancestral characters with different isolations bring about a different population. In this direction sheds, the examination of biogeographic positions of close relatives populations enlighten on the population's differentiation and on thus they’s evolution. In this study, associations between chromosome numbers and biogeography of Cerambycidae are discussed with literature knowledge made up to now. The average value of Cerambycidae chromosome number distribution obtained from the literature records is 2n = 20. This value is also regarded as the number of ancestral chromosomes number for Cerambycidae. It is remarkable that the numbers of chromosomes are plus and minus extreme deviations from 2n = 20 are generally found in certain zoogeographic regions. This is a good example to divergence of a new group geographically away from the original population.

Keywords: cerambycidae, evolution, biogeography, chromosome number

Note: This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: FEF.E2.17.048).


59 Abstract Book

STRATEGIC PLANNING TO PREVENT THE EFFECTS OF GENTRIFICATION IN KADIKOY-YELDEGIRMENI

Büşra Gezer Yıldız Technical University

Zeynep Enlil Yıldız Technical University

Yeldegirmeni is a valuable center of Kadikoy with its historical identity and neighborhood culture. With the value of field, in 2010, under the leadership of the Kadikoy Municipality and the CEKUL Foundation, the 'Yeldegirmeni Regeneration Project' was started. Because of the idea of municipality that artists should stay in Yeldegirmeni, it has been exposed to gentrification process in which some of its influences are nowadays experienced. Also, Yeldegirmeni has become a very attractive area for artists who are considered pioneers of gentrification because of all the features mentioned and the low rental values at the beginning. When the artists came to the Yeldegirmeni, a large number of new generation bohemian cafes came along. Due to rapid increase of cafes, rent and property prices which are low at first have begun to increase. Increasing rent prices have not been able to meet by artists and they have begun to leave their workshops. According to a pilot survey of 100 interviews, the household has moved to areas where the rent and property prices are lower than the Yeldegirmeni. It is foreseen that this event will harm the neighborhood culture of Yeldegirmeni. Increasing the rate of non-recognition in the area due to new relocations. Due to the gentrification process observed in Yeldegirmeni, artisans and tourism facilities are adversely affected. In the face of the new generation cafes, artisans have begun to lose importance and close the shop. Whereas artisans are one of the indicators of the neighborhood culture. In addition, artisans are in need of both households and artists (in shopping terms). During the gentrification process, new structures called 'airb-nb' were observed at Yeldegirmeni. This structure, which is unregistered and unsecured, is not required to be in the field by all other users, especially the household, and attracts the user base of the tourism facilities. The tourism industry operators in the field complain very much about this situation. With a pilot survey of 100 questionnaires, different users of the Yeldegirmeni (Households, trade: artisans and new generation cafes separately, tourist facilities and real estate agents to understand airbnb structuring,) were listened to separately. It is aimed to develop a solution to the problem of how to reduce or prevent the effects of the process of gentrification in the Yeldegirmeni by identifying problems that are both different and mutually shared. A 'Strategic Planning' will be carried out for the Yeldegirmeni in accordance with this aim.

Keywords: gentrification, new generation cafes, neighborhood culture, creative-cultural class, relocation, airb-nb (daily room rental), strategic planning, kadikoy/yeldegirmeni


60 Abstract Book

APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR MODELS IN LOCAL GNSS/LEVELLING GEOID DETERMINATION STUDIES

Fariz Mikailsoy Igdir University

Ekrem Tusat Selcuk University

One of the most common issues encountered in applied sciences involves modeling methods and techniques. Since determination of position through GNSS satellites has become widespread in recent years, geoid determination studies have also gained importance because heights determined with the help of satellites are ellipsoidal heights but in practical life, orthometric heights are used. To see the relationship and transformation between the two, one needs to determine the geoid model belonging to the study areas. Various methods (interpolation, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic etc.) are used by researchers and practitioners for local geoid modeling. This study investigated whether or not non-linear (irrational) models could be used in local GNSS/leveling geoid determination studies. To this end, calculations were made using data obtained from an application site in the province of Konya. Irrational models were formed in the project site, making use of the points whose geoid heights are known. Parameters of the models, which had been formed, were determined and statistical characteristics were calculated for each of them. Then, the most appropriate model was selected from among them that best represented the measurement value. According to these values, the most suitable model for the study area was determined.

Keywords: ellipsoidal height, local geoid modeling, nonlinear models, orthometric heights

Note: The second author (Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ekrem Tusat) is the corresponding author for this paper.


61 Abstract Book

AN EXEMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF GPS AND GLONASS DATA ON BASELINE PROCESSING

Mustafa Qasim Selcuk University

Ekrem Tusat Selcuk University

In parallel with the developments in technology, positioning through satellites is gradually gaining in importance. Today, GPS (an improved form of TRANSIT) is the first satellite system that jumps to mind with regard to positioning via satellites. GPS is the most developed and preferred satellite system. GLONASS, on the other hand, can be used alone in addition to being used together with GPS thanks to the satellites that have been recently launched. As a result of the developments in technology in recent years, GNSS systems and applications have systematized collection of data according to certain standards, their assessment and delivery to users for different methods in various areas such as geological studies, geodetic measurements, remote sensing and data collection/production for CBS applications. Positional accuracy of baseline components (DX,DY,DZ) and points in GLONASS/GPS networks depends on several factors such as environmental and hardware errors, baseline length, duration of measurement etc.. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GPS and GLONASS satellite data in a local network on the results of baseline solutions using commercial software. To this end, measurements taken simultaneously for a period of 24 hours in accordance with the static measurement method at 6 points, of which 5 were CORS-TR (Continuously Operating Reference Stations - Turkey) placed in the study area within the borders of the Turkish Republic, and 1 was IGS (International GNSS Service), were used. Using Leica Geo Office 7.0 of GNSS process software, the obtainment of final coordinates from rinex data was investigated using data from CORS-TR and IGS. The differences between baseline components obtained separately for GPS and GLONASS satellite systems were computed.

Keywords: baseline components, global positioning system (gps), russia global navigation satellite system (glonass) , cors-tr, international gnss service (igs)

Note: The second author (Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ekrem Tusat) is the corresponding author for this paper.


62 Abstract Book

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BENZOIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE LIGANDS ON GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE ENZYME

Turgay Tunç Ahi Evran University

Nadir Demirel Ahi Evran University

Nurcan Karacan Gazi University

Benzimidazole is a widely used group in the development of new pharmaceutical and biological substances. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have been used for several therapeutic applications as in antibacterial, antiulser, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, analgesic and anticancer agent. Glutathione reductase inhibitors are used for investigating oxidative stress and related diseases as well as antimalarial and anticancer drugs. To the best of our knowledge that the glutathione reductase inhibitory activities of Schiff bases are not reported in literature. Thus, in this study, benzimidazole Schiff bases containing sulfonamide moiety were synthesized. Their structures were by identified using elemental and spectroscopic analysis. Their glutathione reductase inhibitory activity was determined according to the Carlberg and Mannerviks method. Decrease in the absorbance at 340 nm due to oxidation of NADPH was monitored with UV spectrophotometer.

Keywords: benzimidazole, sulfonamides, glutathione reductase inhibition

Note: This study was supported by Ahi Evran University Scientific Researchs Foundation under grant No MMF.E2.17.020.


63 Abstract Book

SYNTHESIS, DFT STUDIES AND GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE INHIBITITORY ACTIVITIES OF NEW BENZIMIDAZOLYL SCHIFF BASES COPPER(II) COMPLEXES

Turgay Tunç Ahi Evran University

Nadir Demirel Ahi Evran University

Nurcan Karacan Gazi University

Copper complexes comprising imidazole based Schiff base ligands have attracted particular interest due to their potential antitumor, antibacterial and antiviral activity. Therefore, investigations on copper complexes are becoming increasingly more important in the research area of bioinorganic chemistry. Glutathione reductase (GR) is a key enzyme in the maintenance of GSH/GSSG ratio, by catalyzing the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to the reduced form (GSH). This biochemical processes are essential for detoxification of free radicals and protection of cells against various oxidative stresses. From a drug development perspective, it is a target enzyme for antimalarial and antitumor drugs. For this reason, discovering new GR inhibitors is important for drug development. There is a good number of studies into Schiff bases inhibiting various enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase, alkalinephosphatase, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, protein kinases e.g. However, there is no report on Schiff bases and their metal complexes as GR inhibitors. In this study, two copper(II) complexes of new benzimidazole Schiff bases ligands bearing sulfonamide moity were prepared. Their structures were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, LC-MS, techniques. DFT calculation of the copper (II) complexes was also carried out using DFT/CAM-B3LYP/6-31(d,p) level. In addition, their inhibition potential on glutathione reductase enzyme was evaluated for the first time.

Keywords: benzoimidazoled, copper(ıı) complex, glutathione reductase inhibitors

Note: This study was supported by Ahi Evran University Scientific Researchs Foundation under grant No MMF.A3.16.006.


64 Abstract Book

CRITICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS CHANGING OF RED PEPPER IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT IRRIGATION METHODS AND LEVELS

Semih Metin Sezen Çukurova University

Asiye Akyıldız Çukurova University

Erdal Ağçam Çukurova University

Attila Yazar Çukurova University

Yıldız Daşgan Çukurova University

Servet Tekin Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

New irrigation technologies and commonly used traditional furrow irrigation methods were compared to drip irrigation in order to increase colour, total dry matter, total carotenoid and vitamin C of red pepper widely grown in the Mediterranean part of Turkey. This research was carried out in 2010 - 2011 growing seasons at Tarsus in Turkey. The experimental treatments; Drip treatments consist of full irrigation (DI100), deficit irrigation DI75, DI50, DIPRD50, and DIFPRD50 Alternative partial root drying (DIPRD50) and fixed partial root drying (DIFPRD50) received 50 % of DI100. Irrigation was applied when 25 % and 40 % of the available water in the 60 cm soil profile were consumed in DI100 and FI100treatments in drip and furrow systems, respectively and soil water replenished to field capacity in DI100 and FI100 treatments. In furrow irrigation, treatments consist of full irrigation (FI100), alternative furrow (FIA50) and PRD furrow (FIPRD50). FIA50 and FIPRD50 received 50 % of water applied to FI100. In FIA50 the same furrows were irrigated while FIPRD50 irrigated alternately. The highest yields in drip and furrow systems were obtained from the DI100 and FI100treatments, respectively. In generally, DIFPRD50 treatment was the highest a* value in drip irrigation system which means that fruits had more red colour. On the other hand, b* values (it represents yellow colour because of positive values) decreased following the first picking. In generally, the colour parameters (a* and b*) of furrow irrigation treatments in the different picking times was not statistically significant. Total carotenoid rates increased with following picking time both drip and furrow irrigation systems and it is lower value under drip system than in the furrow system. Finally, results indicate that in drip irrigation DI100 treatment; and in furrow irrigation, FI100 treatment was recommended. Under water scarcity conditions, DI75 and FIPRD50 treatments can be recommended.

Keywords: red pepper, irrigation methods, colour, total carotenoid, vitamin c


65 Abstract Book

LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF CHUB SQUALIUS CEPHALUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) INHABITING SIDDIKLI KUCUKBOGAZ DAM LAKE, KIRSEHIR, TURKEY

Okan Yazıcıoğlu Ahi Evran University

Ramazan Yazıcı Ahi Evran University

Mahmut Yılmaz Ahi Evran University

In this study, length-weight relationships (LWR) of Chub, Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) samples collected Siddikli Kucukbogaz Dam Lake in Kirsehir province between September 2015- August 2016 were shown. Sex composition was 75.9 % female and 24.1 % male. Total lengths of individuals ranged from 14.0 cm to 39.6 cm and weights ranged from 35.7 g to 915.0 g. Length-weight relationships for female, male and all samples were found as W= 0.0103.TL3.09(r²= 0.956), W= 0.0075.TL3.16 (r²= 0.973) and W= 0.0072.TL3.19 (r²= 0.965), respectively. According to b value of LWR, the growth of female individuals was isometric growth (b=3, P>0.05), while the growth of male and total samples was positive allometric (b>3, P<0.05). For Siddikli Kucukbogaz Dam Lake, length-weight relationships of species were given for the first time.

Keywords: length-weight relationship, chub, squalius cephalus, sıddıklı küçükboğaz dam lake

Note: This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: TBY.E2.17.010).


66 Abstract Book

NOVEL POLY(L-LACTIDE) MACROMONOMERS BEARING 2-[(4-FLUOROBENZYL)THIO]ETOXY AND 3-[(4-FLUOROBENZYL)THIO]PROPYLOXY UNITS:

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

Murat Mısır Ahi Evran University

Ahmet Bilgin Kocaeli University

Çiğdem Yağcı Kocaeli University

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) can be performed both in a controlled and living manner, depending on the monomer and initiator/catalyst system [1]. Aliphatic polyesters, synthesized via (ROP) of lactones and lactides, are of significant interest owing to good mechanical properties, hydrolyzability and biocompatibility [2,3]. To address pharmacological, biomedical, environmental and agricultural concerns, the issue of sustainability and ever-limited petroleum resources, aliphatic polyesters such as polyglycolide, polylactides (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) have received considerable interests in polymer science [3]. In this work, a series of poly(L-LA)s with different arm length were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide with 2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)thio]ethanol (1) [4] and 3-[(4-fluorobenzyl)thio]propan-1-ol (2) as the initiators, Sn(Oct)2 as a catalyst under inert atmosphere in toluene at 120°C. The synthesized initiators and polymers were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectral data and GPC technique.

Keywords: ring-opening polymerization, macromonomer, polylactides

References: [1] T. Biela, A. Kowalski, J. Libiszowski, A. Duda, S. Penczek, Macromol. Symp., 2006, 240, 47-55. [2] A. C. Albertsson, I. K.Varma, Biomacromolecules, 2003, 4, 1466-1486 [3] A. Bilgin, Ç. Yağcı, European Polymer Journal, 2014, 61, 240-252. [4] U. P. Lad, ‘‘Synthetic studies on the development of green methodologies and natural products’’, PhD Thesis, 2009, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji Unıversity, Kolhapur , India.


67 Abstract Book

NOVEL POLY(L-LACTIDE) MACROMONOMERS BEARING 2-[(PENTAFLUOROBENZYL)THIO] ETOXY AND 3-[(PENTAFLUOROBENZYL)THIO]

PROPYLOXY UNITS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

Murat Mısır Ahi Evran University

Ahmet Bilgin Kocaeli University

Çiğdem Yağcı Kocaeli University

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) can be performed both in a controlled and living manner, depending on the monomer and initiator/catalyst system [1]. Aliphatic polyesters, synthesized via (ROP) of lactones and lactides, are of significant interest owing to good mechanical properties, hydrolyzability and biocompatibility [2]. Among aliphatic polyesters such as polyglycolide, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), is one of the most promising polymers which could be produced from renewable sources such as starch [3]. In this work, a series of poly(L-LA) s with different arm length were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide with 2-[(pentafluorobenzyl)thio] ethanol (1) and 3-[(pentafluorobenzyl)thio] propan-1-ol (2) as the initiators, Sn(Oct)2 as a catalyst under inert atmosphere in toluene at 120 °C. The route followed during synthesis of initiators and polymers is given in Scheme 1. The synthesized initiators and polymers were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectral data and GPC technique.

Keywords: ring-opening polymerization, biodegradable polymers, polylactides

Acknowledgement: This study was supported by Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Foundation under grant MMF.E2.17.019.


68 Abstract Book

DETERMINATION THE EFFECTS OF DUTY CYCLE AND SWITCHING FREQUENCY ON EFFICIENCY OF BOOST CONVERTER FOR FIXED LOAD APPLICATIONS

Enis Barış Bulut Trakya University

Korhan Cengiz Trakya University

Recent years, power converters have been a significant part of daily applications such as PV systems, wind turbines, electrical vehicle chargers and several adapters. Due to the arising energy demand and the energy restrictions of the environment, energy efficiency of power converters becomes crucial. Energy efficiency of these converters can be enhanced using appropriate converter topology, effective modeling and control algorithms. Therefore, in this study, we aim to model and analyze the power losses of boost converter to determine best usage interval in terms of duty cycle and switching frequency of boost converter. The proposed model is designed by using Simulink and the results in terms of efficiency and power losses are obtained and analyzed in MATLAB. The results of this study demonstrate that, with appropriate selection of duty cycle and switching frequency provide lower power losses and thus higher efficiencies.

Keywords: boost converter, power loss analyzes, power converters, efficiency analyzes


69 Abstract Book

EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF LEFCA FOR INSIDE BS SITUATION IN WSNS

Enis Baris Bulut Trakya University

Zhaleh Sadreddini Giresun University

Korhan Cengiz Trakya University

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used for a great number of applications such as earthquake measurements, fire rescue, environmental monitoring, health care, smart homes approximately for twenty years. Therefore, researchers still try to design routing and MAC protocols for WSNs. In these studies, authors aim to improve common performance metrics which are energy efficiency, throughput and network lifetime by using several approaches. To achieve these improvements commonly used scheme is clustering. Clustering provides equal load distribution in the network by decreasing communication distances of sensor nodes thereby enhances energy efficiency of the network. LEACH is a fundamental routing protocol that forms clusters in a self-adaptive way to extend the lifetime of the network significantly. However, it has frequent cluster failures which cause network disconnection. This issue can be very critical for vital applications such as fire rescue, health care schemes and earthquake measurements. As a result, we design low energy fixed clustering algorithm (LEFCA) to overcome these issues and prolong network lifetime of LEACH based protocols in a significant manner. In this paper, we aim to investigate performance of LEFCA when base station (BS) is deployed into the sensor field. LEFCA is a fixed clustering algorithm which has threshold based cluster head (CH) determination approach as well as it has intelligent CH election process at the initialization of the protocol by the help of BS. In simulations, LEFCA is compared with LEACH and ModLEACH in terms of network lifetime, variation of total remaining energy and total data delivered to the BS for inside BS situation. According to the results, LEFCA provides remarkable performance improvements when compared with LEACH based protocols.

Keywords: wireless sensor networks, routing protocols


70 Abstract Book

ENANTIOSELECTIVE RECOGNITION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS VIA TRIAZINE-BASED CHIRAL FLUORESCENT THIAZOLES

Erkan Halay Uşak University

Selahattin Bozkurt Uşak University

By imitating nature, building novel substrates with chiral moiety in order to recognize chiral molecules has been a major point of interest in supramolecular, environmental and biological sciences over the years. Besides, many methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, X-ray, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy have been developed for determining chiral structures whereas exploration of new chiral discriminating procedures which enable rapid analysis and high resolution is increasing. Among these methods, molecular recognition measurements made by analyzing the change in fluorescence properties present many appealing advantages including high sensitivity and selectivity, waste reduction, low cost, easy detection and especially suitability as diagnostic tool for biological concern. Enantioselective sensors containing fluorophore group take important place for the rapid recognition of the chiral organic compounds including carboxylic acids, amines, amino alcohols and amino acids. In this context, driving forces such as hydrogen bonding and p-interactions have gained much more importance because of giving well-defined supramolecular architectures. In this manner, melamine and its derivatives, which can be involved in both types of interaction, have provided a variety of elegant approaches to new syntheses. Therefore, increasing research activity in the area of supramolecular chemistry about co-assembly of melamine-cyanuric acid was observed in the last twenty years. Its useful chemical structure and fascinating H-bonding interaction sites distinguish melamine and its analogous derivatives as scaffolding components in the field of supramolecular chemistry to develop the desired architecture. Taking into account all of these mentioned above, we designed some chiral fluorescent compounds containing both triazine group (as a melamine analogue) and thiazole group (having fluorescence property). Accordingly, due to the highly selective recognition of carboxylic acids; synthesis and application of triazine based chiral sensors with fluorescence property owing to thiazole group were reported. All the synthesized compounds were structurally established by spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR. Luckily, during the enansitoselectivity studies of these compounds against carboxylic acids, it was observed that the solution of these compounds in DMSO did not show any fluorescence emission while the emission increased 44 and 55 fold for compound 1 and 2, respectively in 95% water similar with the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characterized compounds. Chiral selectors 1 and 2 show strong binding and good recognition ability for the enantiomers of 2-chloromandelic acid and mandelic acid. Besides, it was determined that the R-isomers of carboxylic acid form more favourable complexes with the chiral selectors than the S-isomers.

Keywords: triazine, thiazole, fluorescence spectroscopy, chiral recognition, aggregation-induced emission, hydrogen bonding


71 Abstract Book

Note: This work was supported by the Research Foundation of Uşak University (2017/MF001).

ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAYS ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS FOR DAILY LOAD

Serkan Bahçeci Erciyes University

Ferhat Daldaban Erciyes University

Because of the many disadvantages of classical energy production systems as production and transmission cost, air pollution, raw material problem (natural gas, coal etc.), reliability etc., the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) to distribution network is one of the most important goals for new energy strategies. Photovoltaic (PV) Arrays as RES is widely used at distribution networks nowadays. DC voltage is produced with PV arrays based on solar irradiation and temperature. Because of the solar irradiation PV arrays cannot produce power all day. Therefore, Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) is an important part for RESs. Energy can be stored with ESSs and can be used at the peak time. In this way the peak power and energy cost can be decreased with usage of ESS with PV arrays. In this work, total load power, power losses and energy coast are analysed at 30 bus distribution network (DN) for the integration of RESs and ESSs, and optimum usage of ESS for producers is examined.

Keywords: pv array, energy storage, distribution network, renewable energy


72 Abstract Book

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIUM SPP. BACTERIA FROM WILD VETCH (VICIA CRACCA) PLANTS

Hatıce Ogutcu Ahi Evran University

Hulya Avsar Ahi Evran University

Makbule Erdogdu Ahi Evran University

Legume plants are very significant not only ecologically but also agriculturally because they are responsible for major change of nitrogen from atmospheric N2 to ammonia. Vetch (Vicia sativa) has an important potential in terms of fodder production, and it is grown under both arid and wet conditions in every region of Turkey. Vetch is nodulated by the strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum subsp. viciae. Additionally, symbiotic rhizobia of naturally growing legumes successfully establish effective symbioses under these conditions In this study, total 30 pieces of Rhizobium spp. isolated from wild vetch (Vicia cracca) plants existing in the central and the disricts of Kirsehir province. Nodules were obtained from this plant were sterilized, YMA plates were streaked and petri dishes 28 0C were incubated for 3-5 days. Colonies appear after incubation typically constitute (white, clear or slightly opaque, mucosity) 21 isolates were selected and transferred to tubes and refrigerated YMA were stored at +4 0C . For this purpose; YMA containing Bromothymol blue, Congo red, gram stain reaction, movement and subjected to catalase and oxidase tests were evaluated. The cytological and biochemical analysis of results showed that 21of 30 strains belonged to Rhizobium spp.

Keywords: rhizobium spp., wild vetch, nitrogen fixation

Note: This work was supported Ahi Evran Univ. BAP No:.FEF.B2.16.004.


73 Abstract Book

VACCINE ASSOCIATED SARCOMA IN A CROSSBRED FEMALE CAT

Mustafa Ortatatlı Selcuk University

Mehmet Burak Ates Selcuk University

Fatih Hatipoglu Selcuk University

Funda Terzi Selcuk University

Ozgur Ozdemir Selcuk University

In this case presentation, macroscopic and microscopic findings of a vaccine site fibrosarcoma located in the subcutaneous tissue of interscapular region in a 5,5 year old female crossbred cat were described. The tumor mass of 10x8x5 cm sized was taken by surgical operation at the Hospital of Veterinary Faculty of Selcuk University and then it was routinely pathologically processed and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin in the Pathology Department, and examined by light microscope. Grossly, the mass was well-circumscribed and solid consistency, and the cut-surface of the tumor was gray-white in color. In the microscopic examination, there were tumoral areas consisting of fibroblastic type cells in which interwoven bundles and vortex structures were prominent. It was noticed that the cells in these areas showed distinctive atypical features, abnormal and diffuse mitotic figures as well as abnormal giant cells with multiple nuclei. Mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates were also detected in the periphery of the tumoral areas. Necrosis was also occasionally observed within the tumor structure. As a result, it was concluded that this tumor, which is reported to develop after rabies and leukemia vaccinations, is a vaccination site fibrosarcoma and it may be worth to present it because it has been diagnosed for the first time in our Faculty with a long history of 35 years.

Keywords: vaccine site, sarcoma, cat, pathology


74 Abstract Book

A CASE OF LEPTOSPIROSIS CONCOMITANT WITH LYMPHOSARCOMA IN A 9 YEARS-OLD AKBAS DOG


Funda Terzı Selcuk University


M. Kemal Ciftci Selcuk University


Zeynel Arslan Pendik Veterinary Control Institute


In this presentation, the case was described that leptospirosis characterized by diffuse hepatic injury and prominent icterus accompanied by multifocal tumoral areas of lymphoid origin in the heart, liver and kidney in 9 years-old Akbas dog. The Akbas dog with the complaint of anorexia and vomiting was brought to Veterinary Faculty Clinics of Selcuk University, and the necropsy was performed in department of pathology because of the dog died after clinical examination. During necropsy, bloody fluid in abdominal cavity and significant icterus on brain, external surface of parenchymal organs, subcutaneous and fat tissue were determined. Congestion, splenomegaly and white foci of 3-4 cm in diameter were also seen in spleen. Routine histopathological procedures were carried out to the tissue samples taken from all organs for pathological examination. Histopathological examinations revealed tumoral areas consisting of lymphoid cells with multifocal localization in the kidney, heart and liver. In these tumor areas, atypical features were evident in lymphoblastic type tumor cells, and there were extensive mitosis and tumor type giant cells. Mononuclear cell infiltrations in the portal area, necrosis, dissociation, intrahepatic cholestasis as well as hemosiderosis and numerous megakaryocytes were found in the liver which had multifocal tumor areas. In the kidneys, tumoral foci at intertubuler interstitium and atrophy in some glomeruli, dilation and fluid accumulation in Bowman cavity and tubular dilatation with hyaline cylinders were seen. Extensive necrosis of the spleen, hemorrhage and thrombosis were found. An anthracosis was also seen in the lung. In conclusion, this case of acute leptospirosis with multiple localized lymphosarcomas has been presented suitable for the purpose of contributing to the veterinary field.

Keywords: leptospirosis, lymphosarcoma, dog, pathology


75 Abstract Book

MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA IN A THREE-YEAR-OLD ANKARA CAT


M. Kemal Ciftci Selcuk University




Ahmet Ercan Selcuk University

M. Sefa Hebipoglu Selcuk University


In this presentation, a malignant fibrous histiocytoma with a storiform pleomorphic type located on the tail and limbs of a male Ankara cat 3-year-aged was described. This tumor, which is defined as primitive pleomorphic sarcoma showing fibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation, is usually encountered in middle aged dogs and cats. Although this tumor is described as one of the histologic variants of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats, it may rarely be seen in dermis and subcutis in unvaccinated regions. In animals, 3 types are seen as storiform-pleomorphic, giant cell and inflammatory. It was reported that a constantly growing mass was observed on the tail root for a year, similar occurrences were reported in the ventral part of the middle of the tail and in the posterior extremities, and the mass in the right dorso-lateral of the tail root was extirpated. On the macroscopic examination, it was noticed that the tumor mass was 3x3x4 cm in size with hard consistency and the cut surface was white-gray colored. Microscopically, fibroblast-like cells forming storiform (chartwheel) structures mixed with oval or polygonal histiocytic cells were seen, and inflammatory cells were also found in these areas. Significant nuclear atypia and numerous mitoses were detected in the tumor cells. In addition, sclerotic collagenous stroma and occasional necrosis were also observed in some tumoral areas. With these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as storiform pleomorphic type of fibrous histiocytoma. This tumor, which also reported as a special histological variant of vaccine-associated sarcomas, was found to be suitable for presentation because it is rare in cats.

Keywords: fibrous histiocytoma, cat, pathology


76 Abstract Book

THE FUTURE OF TURKEY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY

Ferit Artkin Kocaeli University

Turkey obtains more than half of its electricity generation from fossil fuels as of the end of 2016. As Turkey is almost completely dependent on foreign countries in traditional fossil fuels, this dependence brings great burdens on Turkish economy due to the compelling economic conditions with the increasing need of Turkey for energy. Developing technology and population growth lead to an increase in energy consumption. Today, energy is governed by national and international policies. In the coming years, the costs decreasing in the investments in energy storage, solar and wind energy are bringing a rapid increase in renewable energy sources, especially for solar energy in Turkey and in the world. The use and promotion of renewable energy resources in the coming years, along with the increasing demands for energy, are of utmost importance for the public benefits for the future. Strategically, for Turkey to meet its energy needs depends on renewable energy sources. It is an important alternative to save our country from dependence on external sources. The main renewable energy sources are; Hydro-energy, Wind, Geothermal, Sun, Biomass, Biogas and Marine Energy (Sea Wave, Tidal Energy). The development and dissemination of these sources are very important for Turkish economy. The cost of fossil fuels is high and also, they cause climate change in the world due to their environmental damage and greenhouse effect. Turkey is a rich country in terms of hydo-electric, biogas, biomass, geotermal, wind and solar energy potential. This study contains recommendations and suggestions the future of Turkey in terms of renewable energy sources. Turkey obtains more than half of its electricity generation from fossil fuels as of the end of 2016. As Turkey is almost completely dependent on foreign countries in traditional fossil fuels, this dependence brings great burdens on Turkish economy due to the compelling economic conditions with the increasing need of Turkey for energy. Developing technology and population growth lead to an increase in energy consumption. Today, energy is governed by national and international policies. In the coming years, the costs decreasing in the investments in energy storage, solar and wind energy are bringing a rapid increase in renewable energy sources, especially for solar energy in Turkey and in the world. The use and promotion of renewable energy resources in the coming years, along with the increasing demands for energy, are of utmost importance for the public benefits for the future. Strategically, for Turkey to meet its energy needs depends on renewable energy sources. It is an important alternative to save our country from dependence on external sources. The main renewable energy sources are; Hydro-energy, Wind, Geothermal, Sun, Biomass, Biogas and Marine Energy (Sea Wave, Tidal Energy). The development and dissemination of these sources are very important for Turkish economy. The cost of fossil fuels is high and also, they cause climate change in the world due to their environmental damage and greenhouse effect. Turkey is a rich country in terms of hydo-electric, biogas, biomass, geotermal, wind and solar energy potential. This study contains recommendations and suggestions the future of Turkey in terms of renewable energy sources.

Keywords: engineering and energy, energy systems, renewable energy and applications, Turkey


77 Abstract Book

REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE AND POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL DOPAMINE BIOSENSOR IN THE PRESENCE OF ASCORBIC ACID

AND URIC ACID

Sadik Cogal Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Dopamine (DA) is an important molecule in human metabolism and unusual level of this molecule leads to many diseases. Therefore, the accurate, fast and selective detection of DA is very important. Among the different methods for detection of DA, biosensors have attracted increasing attention due to their advantages including simple fabrication, low cost, portability, short detection time and high selectivity. In order to enhance these properties of biosensors and consequently improve their potential applications, the researchers have been extensively studied different materials. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been widely studied conducting polymer due to its high electrical conductivity, high electrochemical stability and easy of synthesis, which makes it potential candidate for biosensor application. Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized form of graphene, which contains some chemically reactive oxygen functionalities. The oxygen-containing groups on surface of GO greatly enhanced the surface ability to bind with other materials. RGO can be prepared from GO by using chemical or electrochemical reduction methods. Electrochemically RGO has some advantages in comparison with chemical methods due to low cost, easy and fast preparation and toxic free RGO exhibits better conductivity than GO and it has more active edge plane defects. To facilitate more applications, various materials have been used to modify the GO and RGO surfaces. In this study, it was expected that the combination of the excellent properties of RGO and PEDOT will enhance their charge transport and electrocatalytic properties for electrochemical DA biosensor application. In this work, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was deposited on the pre-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and applied in electrochemical biosensor for detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The prepared GCE-RGO-PEDOT electrode exhibited fast electron transfer and better electrocatalytic activity towards DA compared with GCE-RGO and GCE-PEDOT electrodes. Electrochemical kinetic parameters of GCE-RGO-PEDOT including charge transfer coefficient and electron transfer rate constant were also determined and discussed.

Keywords: electrochemical biosensor, dopamine, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), reduced graphene oxide


78 Abstract Book

ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF TIO2 AND TIO2/GRAPHENE OXIDE OBTAINED BY RF-PLASMA METHOD TOWARDS DOPAMINE

Sadik Cogal Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Gamze Celik Cogal Suleyman Demirel University

Aysegul Uygun Oksuz Suleyman Demirel University

Modification of electrodes has attracted a great interest in the field of electrochemical devices. For this reason, the researchers have focused on various types of materials to modify the electrodes surfaces and enhance their capabilities. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely studied metal oxide due to its electrical conductivity, non-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, long-term stability, large surface area and high catalytic activity. Moreover, the structure and morphology of TiO2 can be controlled using different methods. On the other hand, the graphene materials have received significant attention in academic research and industrial applications. Certainly, this is due to the excellent optical, electrical and thermal properties of graphene. Among graphene derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized form of graphene and has chemically reactive oxygen functionalities on its surface, which makes it useful for a wide range of applications. Therefore, it was expected that the combination of the TiO2 and GO could lead to materials with enhanced properties. In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2/graphene oxide were prepared by using RF-plasma method. The electrocatalytic activities of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the obtained materials were studied towards dopamine (DA) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using three-electrode cell configuration. The electrochemical kinetic parameters such as charge transfer coefficient and electron transfer rate constant were calculated and investigated.

Keywords: titanium dioxide, graphene oxide, electrocatalytic activity, dopamine Note: This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; Project no. 114M867), by bilateral project SAS- TUBITAK JRP 2014/2.


79 Abstract Book

DESIGN OF LOW COST AND INNOVATIVE DATA ACQUSITION IN SOIL MECHANICS TESTING USING OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE

Nihat Dipova Akdeniz University

Sensors are increasingly in our lives, microprocessor technology is evolving and open source hardware is becoming widespread. Preparation of experimental setups using open-source hardware reduces research costs. Arduino is an open source development platform which is operated with an open source software. It consists Atmel AVR microcontroller, circuit elements for interfacing, a 5 volt regulated power and a 16MHz crystal oscillator. With 10 bit ADC, it can read 0-5V voltages in 1024 steps. There are at least six analog inputs and 13 digital input-output pins, which can meet the channel requirements of a soil mechanics laboratory. Together with the "do-it-yourself" civil movement, the use of these platforms by young engineers in particular will gain experience that can be helpful in different applications. This study explains design and development of a low cost and open source data acquisition system for soil mechanics laboratories. The main advantage of making laboratory scientific equipment by using open source hardware is that, shared design promotes a better design as the scientific community can contribute to its design. In modern geotechnical laboratories sensor readings are essential for many setups such as consolidation, uniaxial compression, triaxial compression and shear box tests. Moreover, some tests need temperature and humidity conditioning. In the setup, Arduino Uno model was used as a microcontroller. Sensors with a 5 volt supply can be connected directly, and a booster circuit is added to the circuit for sensors requiring a 10 volt supply. The data of sensors having 0-5 volt input signal can be directly digitized. For sensors with millivolt output such as load cells, a driver circuit is added. The code is written in the C ++ language. The acquired data are tabled on an Excel sheet and it is possible to process the data for specific needs.

Keywords: DAQ, open source hardware, soil mechanics laboratory


80 Abstract Book

DETERMINING THE SOIL GRAIN SHAPE PARAMETERS VIA IMAGE ANALYSIS


Size and shape of soil grains reflect geological origin, transportation, and depositional environments. Grain shape is characterized by three dimensionless ratios; sphericity, roundness and roughness. Sphericity indicates equality of three dimensions of a grain. The roundness is measured as the average radius of curvature on the grain surface which respect to the radius of the maximum sphere inscribed in the grain. Roughness portray the surface texture. These parameters are generally independent. Sphericity and roundness are related to abrasion. Chipping may increase the sphericity, but it decreases the roundness. Round grains can have non-spherical shape and equidimensional grains can be very angular. In addition to particle size, particle shape can also have a significant impact on mechanical behavior of soils. Geotechnical soil classification systems do not take grain shape into consideration. Mechanical sieving does not measure the axial dimension of a grain, especially for elongated and flat grains a sieve analysis will not yield a reliable measure. In this study, grain shape parameters of granular soils have been determined following image processing and analysis techniques, using simple apparatus, non-professional cameras and free software. The image processing includes, storing images of objects in a computer and processing with the computer for the specified purpose. Image analysis is an expression of the images of objects numerically by means of mimicking the functioning of the human eyes and the generation of numerical data. Image analysis provides the capability for rapid measurement for numerous engineering parameters of materials including soils. The sample is put on a transparent plate which is illuminated with a white backlight. Digital images were acquired with a high resolution CCD camera. The segmentation of the particles is achieved by image thresholding, binary coding and particle labeling. Local contacts or limited overlaps were overcome using watershed split. The geometrical measurements of each particle are obtained by the automated pixel counting technique.

Keywords: grain shape, image analysis, sand


81 Abstract Book

INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF SOILS HEATED IN A MODIFIED MICROWAVE OVEN


Microwaves lie between infrared radiation and radio waves (300 and 0.3 GHz) in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Use of microwave (MW) technology in drying may lead to significant savings in both energy consumption and process time. Moreover, the unique internal heating phenomenon associated with MW energy can enhance equal temperature distribution that can hardly be realized using conventional ovens. Some limitations of MW ovens also exist. There is no temperature control in commercial MW ovens, but only power control. Despite reaching high temperatures in a short time, it is not possible to measure this temperature and to make thermostat control. The temperature distribution in large volume samples heated in MW oven is not uniform. At the peak of the sinusoidal wave, the maximum temperature is applied and the amplitude is zero at the wave axis. While evaporation occurs in the hot regions, there is condensation in the cold regions of the sample container. The temperature of the pore water does not rise above 100°C due to evaporation, but due to the heat transfer to the solid materials continuously by convection, the solid parts, which have high heat capacity, can be overheated. The overheated sample will gain humidity rapidly from the air during the process of removing the sample from the oven and putting the desiccator in the dry state. This study aims to elucidate what happens in a soil sample when heated in a MW oven. Temperature change of sample in time was the main question at the beginning. A household type microwave of 650 w, with energy supplied by magnetron operating at 2450 MHz in the continuous mode, was used in this study. The oven was modified integrating an infrared non-contact temperature sensor. Data-logging of temperature values was achieved with an Arduino microcontroller board which is based on the ATmega328P microprocessor. Automatic control of the oven was also carried out with the same board and using an auxiliary relay board. In the first stage of the study, temperature change of the sample, which is heated under constant MW energy, was recorded. The recorded values show that the drying process included an extremely high rate warming-up. Theoretically, this is related to the warming of pore water due to good microwave absorbing property of water. As the temperature reaches to boiling point of water, warming rate should decrease and temperature profile tends to be a plateau. However, due to the high power of the household oven, the heating rate is too high and rapid evaporation prevented the infrared measurement. In addition to the high rate of heating, as solid parts warm-up due to heat transfer from pore water, sample temperature rises. As the temperature higher than 105°C is undesired in standard methodologies, there is a need to control the temperature in the drying process. Then, the temperature was limited to 105°C by applying on-off switching. By this way a sawtooth shape temperature change was recorded and overheat of the sample was prevented. It can be concluded that MW ovens should be modified with temperature sensors to meet the needs of standard moisture content methodologies.

Keyword: microwave oven, soil, temperature change


82 Abstract Book

OPTIMUM CFRP LENGTH FOR THE HOGGING MOMENT ZONE (HMZ) OF CONTINUOUS RC T-BEAMS

Mohammad Mohie Eldin Beni-Suef University

Ahmed M. Tarabia Alexandria University

Rahma F. Hasson Sirte University

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates were proved as very effective method for either repairing or strengthening of used structures. However, the literature has no enough information about the behavior of RC continuous (two-span) T-section beams strengthened with CFRP laminates, especially in hogging moment zone (HMZ). This paper examines the effect of CFRP laminates lengths, used for strengthening of the hogging moment zone, upon the behavior of such beams, to determine the optimum strengthening length. 3-D theoretical models using the Finite Element (FE) Package ANSYS are used. The paper contains the main details of the FE modeling process; used element types, material properties, meshing, yield criterion and boundary conditions. The results of the proposed FE model were compared with those of a previous experimental research and very good agreement was found between both FE and experimental results. Three parameters were used in the parametric study; CFRP length, CFRP thickness, percentage ratio of the steel reinforcement (different diameters for reinforcement steel bars). To examine the effect of changing CFRP strengthening lengths, different types of results for the proposed parametric study were obtained for better understanding of behavior. Adding to this, these results were compared and analyzed at different stages of loading between first cracking of the RC studied T-beams and their failure. These results include load-deflection curves, bending moment diagrams, stresses and strains of the CFRP laminates, stresses and strains of steel reinforcement bars, redistribution of moments, energy dissipation, ductility, shear (bond) stresses and failure modes of the studied beams. It can be concluded that changing CFRP length in the HMZ is very effective upon the overall behavior of T-section continuous RC beams. This effect begins after first crack and considered as effective after the yielding of upper steel bars. Increasing the lengths of CFRP laminates increases capacity, ductility and energy dissipation of strengthened beams in the hogging moment zone. Also, it improves utilizing of upper steel bars and redistribution of moments between sagging and hogging moments. Practically, Design-Codes of using CFRP in strengthening of structures concern only with both CFRP strengthening length and its corresponding anchorage length. As a result, definitions of both optimum CFRP strengthening length and CFRP anchorage length were expressed. Finally, criteria to calculate both of them were concluded.

Keywords: ANSYS, CFRP, optimum length, RC beam, T-beam

Note: The first author (Dr. Mohammad Mohie Eldin) is the corresponding author for this paper.


83 Abstract Book

FAILURE MODES OF CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE T-BEAMS STRENGTHENED USING LAMINATES OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS

Ahmed M. Tarabia Alexandria University

Mohammad Mohie Eldin Beni-Suef University

Rahma F. Hasson Sirte University

Strengthening, repairing and rehabilitation of existing structures are very important functions of the construction industry nowadays. Laminates made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) have proved an excellent behavior when used for the strengthening, repairing and rehabilitation of existing structures. When CFRP laminates are used to strengthen continuous reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams, they may be fixed either in the lower soffit of the beam in the hogging moment zone (HMZ); or in the upper surface of the beam, in the sagging moment zone (SMZ) in the vicinity of mid-supports. Three types of failure modes may occur in such structures; crushing of concrete, debonding between CFRP laminates and concrete surfaces, and rupture of CFRP laminates. Each failure mode is conducted according to a certain criterion which is a function of both mechanical properties of materials (concrete, reinforcement, CFRP, and adhesive) and dimensions of both RC beam and CFRP strengthening laminates. This paper explains the sequence of occurring of the different failure modes of RC continuous T-beams of two spans strengthened using CFRP laminates either in SMZ or in HMZ. The paper contains the main details of the finite element (FE) modeling process, behavior of the strengthened beams either in SMZ and HMZ and the explanation of the different mechanisms of the failure modes of the strengthened beams. Studied parameters include CFRP length, thickness, width and locations of CFRP laminate across the flange of the studied T-beams. Also, unstrengthened (control) beams were studied to compare the results with the strengthened ones for better understanding of the effect of CFRP strengthening upon the behavior of the studied T-beams. ANSYS which is a very powerful FE tool is used to create 3-D models of this study. It was found that CFRP dimensions are the principle factors that affect the type of the failure mode occurred in the strengthened beam. Rupture occurs, only when strengthening of the HMZ, if the CFRP stress reaches its maximum value (strength) by using very small CFRP thickness comparing with the corresponding length. Debonding of CFRP laminates occurs if shear stress, in the adhesive (contact) (bond layer) between the laminate and the concrete, reaches its maximum value. Crushing of concrete occurs as a final stage after yielding of steel reinforcement, formation of a plastic hinge, moment redistribution till the capacity of the beam is reached which means failure.

Keywords: ANSYS, CFRP, failure, RC beam, T-beam

Note: The second author (Dr. Mohammad Mohie Eldin) is the corresponding author for this paper.


84 Abstract Book

ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES CHARGING METHODS AND CHARGER STATIONS

Harun Özbay Bilecik Seyh Edebali University

Akif Karafil Bilecik Seyh Edebali University

Selim Öncü Karabuk University

Electric vehicles (EV) with a historical development started in the 19th century have become very popular nowadays due to increase in greenhouse gases and air pollution caused by internal combustion engines (ICE). Therefore, there has been a great interest in the studies on different types of EV. In addition, fast charging and longer range have been provided with the improvements in battery technology. Therefore, the studies on battery technology have gained importance. As a result, EV charger stations have increased recently. In this study, EV battery technologies, charging methods, charger stations and charger station sub-structures are examined and compared.

Keywords: electric vehicles, battery charging methods, charger stations

ASSESSMENT OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USE IN GREENHOUSES

Necati Çetin Erciyes University

Cevdet Sağlam Erciyes University

Greenhouse farming has a significant economic potential in Turkey. Climate factors influence greatly the growth, yield and quality of agricultural products. All these factors are put under control in greenhouse environments. Ventilation, cooling, lightening and heating are all controlled in greenhouses. Among these parameters, heating constitutes the greatest cost item. Indoor temperatures should be kept within certain limits for optimum plant growth in cold seasons. There are several resources used in greenhouse heating. Geothermal energy has recently been used in greenhouse heating. Geothermal energy a new area of use for geothermal energy since it is a renewable, sustainable, cheap, safe and environment-friendly resource. Geothermal energy significantly reduces heating costs and allows growers a year-long production. In this study, construction costs and annual energy consumption of a greenhouse was calculated and potential use of geothermal energy in greenhouses were pointed out.

Keywords: geothermal, energy, greenhouse, cost


85 Abstract Book

DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FISH LENGTH AND PECTORAL FIN RAYS LENGTH OF WELS CATFISH, SILURUS GLANIS, LINNAEUS 1758 INHABITING

SIDDIKLI DAM LAKE

Ramazan Yazıcı Ahi Evran University

Okan Yazıcıoğu Ahi Evran University

Mahmut Yılmaz Ahi Evran University

In this study, a total of 171 samples was collected from Siddikli Dam Lake between September 2015 and August 2016. Relationship between fish total length (TL) and pectoral fin rays length (PFRL) was determined using linear regression model. Paired t-test was used for determining the difference in measurements of left and right pectoral fin rays length and between sexes were tested by t-test. No significant differences were observed between left pectoral fin rays length and right pectoral fin rays length (P=0.310). Therefore, right pectoral fin rays were chosen for analyses. Differences between sexes were not significant (P=0.231). For this reason, the relations were established on the right pectoral fin rays of all samples. Regression equation was determined as PFRL= 0.0826.TL - 0.6674, rÂ²= 0.96. Consequently, there was a high correlation between PFRL and TL. This equation can be useful for paleoichthyology and paleofauna.

Keywords: biometry, wels catfish, total length, pectoral fin ray

Note: This work was financially supported by Ahi Evran University (Project No: TBY.A4.17.003).


86 Abstract Book

LIPOSARCOMA AND TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR CASE IN A TERRIER DOG


Fatıh Hatipoglu Selcuk University


M.kemal Ciftci Selcuk University

Ayse Celebi Selcuk University



In this report, a retroperitoneally located anaplastic liposarcoma and the accompanying transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) case in a 12-year-old terrier breed male dog has been described. Patient was brought to Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty Clinics with a complaint of intermittent urination. In the experimental laparatomi of the dog, a mass of 6x3x2 cm adhered to the urine sac in the pelvis space was extirpated and delivered to Department of Pathology for histopathological diagnosis. Grossly, the mass was slightly stiff, and the cross-section was greyish-white and showed a lobular pattern. Histopathologic examination revealed that the tumor was composed of two different tumors. The first tumor consisted mainly of round and oval shaped uniform cells creating loose sheets, rows and cords separated by thin fibrous bands. These cells contained mostly a large oval or roundish nucleus surrounded with marginally condensed and dark stained chromatin (hyperchromasie) and a single nucleolus in the middle. A large number of mitoses were found in these cells. Inflammatory mononuclear cells infiltration was also occasionally seen in the tumor tissue. In the second tumor pattern; the cells including sharp-edged vacuoles of varying size in the cytoplasm showing prominent atypical features were seen, and most of them have a distinct, hyperchromatic, round to polygonal, variable sized and centrally located nucleus. Besides, there were shuttle-shaped or spindle-cells population and some large, bizarre multinucleated giant cells in this component of the tumor. Some necrotic changes and regions were also seen within the tumoral area. Consequently, a mixed tumor of retroperitoneally situated TVT concomitant with anaplastic or pleomorphic liposarcoma was defined on the basis of histopathological findings. It was thought to be worth presenting this interesting case because of absence of any tumor in other genital organs and the development of these two tumors together side by side in the same mass.

Keywords: liposarcoma, venereal tumor, dog, pathology


87 Abstract Book

THE PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN HEART AND TONGUE IN TWO LAMBS DIED FROM MYOCARDIAL FORM OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

M. Kemal Ciftci University of Selcuk

Muammer Inanc University of Selcuk

Rapid diagnosis is crucial to prevent and control outbreaks, especially at the first appearance of the disease, due to the high morbidity of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In this study, samples from two lambs which were determined to have died due to myocarditis form of foot-and-mouth disease, and to contribute to the diagnosis of the disease their tongues without lesions were investigated by histopathological methods. For this purpose, macroscopic findings were recorded from two lambs which were determined to have died due to FMDV serotype A Nepal-84 strain infection by the Şap Institute (Turkey). Also, samples from two lambs were examined by histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions that signs of foot-and-mouth disease were observed in the heart. By IHC staining, macrophages and monocytes were evaluated as antigen positive for FMDV serotype Nepal-84 (G-VII). Histopathologically, significant hydropic degeneration was observed in the stratum spinosum cells of tongue indicating the onset of vesicle formation. These findings are important findings in the histopathological diagnosis of FMD that will provide important support for myocarditis findings. Thus, although vesicle formation is not observed at the macroscopic level in the deaths related to the myocarditis form, it has been understood that taking the sample for the histopathological examinations will contribute to the diagnosis. In conclusion, there is also a need for new investigations involving tongue and mouth mucosa as well as interdigital region and breast tissue.

Keywords: foot and mouth disease, immunohistochemistry, tongue, histopathology


88 Abstract Book

THE DETOXIFICATION PATHWAYS OF THE AFLATOXIN IN THE LIVER AND IMPORTANCE IN POULTRY





Aflatoxins have hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive effects against humans and animals as well as a serious public health hazard due to their potential carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic activities. Poultry is highly susceptible to the toxic and immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxins, which cause producers to lose millions of dollars annually due to reduced rates of growth, reduced egg production, increased susceptibility to disease and mortality. The most important pathological findings in acute and chronic aflatoxicosis are formed in the liver. Macroscopically, enlargement, paleness and rounding in margins are seen in liver. Microscopically, hepatocytes show blurred swelling, hydropic and fatty degeneration and bile duct proliferation. In addition, widespread or solitary cell necrosis around central veins, periportal fibrosis, heterophile and lymphoid cell infiltrations can be observed. Molecular studies show that aflatoxins have the effects on some of nuclear receptors. In particular, messenger RNA expression of nuclear receptors such as AhR, PXR and CAR is increased. These receptors are known to induce some cytochromes that are involved in the Phase-I metabolism of aflatoxins. Furthermore, the resistance of adult mice to aflatoxin is based on the presence of the A3 enzyme, a subunit of GST in Phase-II, which exhibits high catalytic activity against aflatoxin in the liver. The activity of this enzyme in the poultry is unknown. On the other hand, Aflatoxin reduction pathway, which has an important role in aflatoxin detoxification and is catalyzed by Aflatoxin-B1 aldehyde reductase (AFAR), is also among the issues to be investigated in poultry. In conclusion, in this presentation, we have tried to give a brief summary of the importance of aflatoxins and detoxification mechanisms in the liver. Since aflatoxin contamination of human and animal foodstuffs is very difficult to prevent, aflatoxicosis is still a problem that can not be easily solved. There is a need for more studies on the pathways of metabolism and detoxification, especially at the molecular level, after consumption of contaminating feeds, especially in poultry and other animals.

Keywords: aflatoxicosis, ahr, pxr, car, afar, gsta3


89 Abstract Book

VIRTUAL ANATOMIC LAB

Murat Sahin Kocaeli University

Serdar Kucuk Kocaeli University

This electronic document presents a 'Virtual Anatomic Lab(ViALAB)' prepared for educational purposes for ordinary people, medical students and researchers. This application was developed for training using the highresolution anatomical models with the advanced game engine 'Unity Game Engine'. The application addresses anyone who wants to learn anatomy. Especially developed for medical students, it gives information on the skeletal system, muscular system, joints, organs and functions of them. With the augmented reality, virtual reality and mobile platform options, it is aimed to learn anywhere anytime by having fun.

Keywords: biomedical, anatomy education, simulation, virtual reality in medical

SIMPLE REALIZATION OF MULTI-BIT RIPPLE CARRY ADDERS IN QCA TECHNOLOGY

Nuriddin Safoev Kumoh National Institute of Technology

Jun-Cheol Jeon Kumoh National Institute of Technology

An addition in digital signal processing is an important constructional unit for making all arithmetic operations. A full adder is a simple circuit that adds binary numbers. Ripple carry adder (RCA) is a cascade of the full adders that is used to add 8, 16, 32, etc. bit numbers. In this paper, multi-bit RCA is designed based on promising nanotechnology Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). In fact, QCA is getting investigated as an alternative to currently silicon-transistor based technology. The proposed RCA adder is designed as multilayer structure and is found as low complexity design in comparison with other RCA designs.

Keywords: quantum-dot cellular automata, ripple carry adder, multilayer cross-over


90 Abstract Book

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LLC RESONANT CONVERTER FOR BATTERY CHARGE APPLICATION

Sevilay Cetin Pamukkale University

This work presents a wide output voltage range design approach of LLC resonant converter for neighborhood electrical vehicle battery charge applications. Lithium-ion battery cells are evaluated for the design approach because of their high-power density. Therefore, design approach is discussed the optimal operation region based on wide range output voltage regulation. The operation region of LLC resonant converter is optimized taking into consideration the high efficiency. In the optimization, efficiency values of LLC converter is extracted by simulation to make a comparison of possible operation regions. The comparison results give that efficiency values of the operation above-below resonance are higher than the operation only above resonance frequency. According to optimization results, a prototype is built and operated above-below resonance to validate soft switching operation and wide range output voltage regulation of LLC resonant converter. The output voltage regulation is validated between 42 V and 54 V at 148.15-210 kHz switching frequency range when the input voltage is applied as 370-400 V.

Keywords: battery charge applications, llc resonant converter, design optimization

ESTIMATION OF WINTER SEASON SULPHUR DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS WITH AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL

Mehmet Aktan Necmettin Erbakan University

Ahmet Reha Botsalı Necmettin Erbakan University

An understanding of pollution sources and emissions, and their interactions with terrain and the atmosphere isthe most important step in developing appropriate airpollution management plans and action strategies. In thisstudy, relationship between sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentration and meteorological parameters such as wind direction, wind speed, temperature, air pressure, precipitation, sunshine amount, sunshine duration, and relative humidityis modeled by using winter season data. Since the relation betweenSO2 concentrations and many meteorological parameters iscomplex, an artificial neuralnetwork (ANN) model is developed to predict the SO2levels. Wind direction is modeled as the combination of two variables, which enables to appropriately define thewind direction. The ANN model exhibited an R–squaredvalue of 0.85.

Keywords: air pollution, artificial neural network, estimation


91 Abstract Book

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMPRESSING MEDICAL IMAGES USING DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS

Osman Özkaraca Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Mehmet Osman Devrim Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Musa Peker Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Image processing is used in many fields. Medical systems are the most important of these fields. Medical imaging systems have vital importance considering its purpose and mission. In recent years, increased diagnostic and diagnostic methods have led to the emergence of many medical data. Moreover, the increase in the number and quality of these data led to many problems. The most important of them is the storage space problem. Because raw images require large amounts of disk space, the need for compression of images emerges. When sending images over the network with image compression, saving on storage space and time is achieved. Since each value of the data is important at this stage, it is important that the image is compressed in a lossless manner and how much it can be compressed. In this study, a given medical image has compressed and decompressed with and application prepared in MATLAB platform. At the end of the study, three different methods used in the study have been compared according to different evaluation parameters. According to the results obtained, it is seen that compression of the medical images increases the storage area.

Keywords: medical image, image compression, matlab


92 Abstract Book

A NEW RECORD FOR TURKEY: DIPLODINA VITIS

Semra Arslan Ahi Evran University

Makbule Erdoğdu Ahi Evran University

The genus Diplodina was introduced by Westendorp (1857), with Diplodinasalicisas the type species. According to Allescher (1901), the genera Ascochytaand Diplodinaare only separated in their substrated (Ascochyta - on leaves, Diplodina - on other parts of host plant). However, Diedicke (1912) described differences between these genera in the structure of the pycnidial wall (thin and soft in Ascochyta, Phoma-like in Diplodina). Plant specimens infected with microfungi were collected from Kırşehir province of Turkey and prepared according to established herbarium techniques. The fungal specimens were prepared from the host plants by obtaining thin sections. Microscopical features were examined and microphotographs were made using a Leica DM E light microscope. The microfungi were identified using relevant literature. Identified species and their author’s names were checked by Index fungorum database (2017). The examined specimens have been deposited in the mycological collection of the Ahi Evran University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, in Kırşehir province of Turkey. The present study includes the new recordof Diplodinafrom Kırşehirprovince. Diplodina vitisBrunaud (Gnomoniaceae, Ascomycota) on dead branches of Vitis viniferaL. is reported as new to the mycobiota of Turkey.Distinguishing morphological characters are described and illustrated for this species.

Keywords: microfungi, new record, vitis vinifera

Note: This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Number: FEF.B2.16.003).


93 Abstract Book

PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN G-CSF FROM MICROALGAL HOST

Arzu Yıldırım Ege University

Beth A. Rasala Illumina Inc.

Stephen P. Mayfield UC San Diego

Microalgae has a great potential as a cheap and easy recombinant platform compared to other host systems. Eukaryotic microalgal nucleus is capable of producing proteins with desired post-translational modifications important for proper formation and activity of the molecule. Human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a small glycoprotein and an important element of blood proteins, which stimulates neutrophil production in mammalian systems. It has been recombinantly produced from different hosts, and it's in use as a valuable drug for the patients suffering from neutropenia or different types of cancer. In this study, we expressed recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) for the first time in the nucleus of model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardii. The protein is secreted to the culture media, and purified by precipitation and affinity chromatography techniques. It's simple glycan structure is identified by deglycosylation of the protein. The results show the potential of microalgal system for the production of this high value protein as an alternative for mammalian culture based productions.

Keywords: microalgae, recombinant protein production, g-csf


94 Abstract Book

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA-BASED ECO-FRIENDLY MESOPOROUS NEW-GENERATION ACIDIC CATALYSTS

Veli Şimşek Bilecik Seyh Edebali University

Pınar Avci Bilecik Seyh Edebali University

Recently, mesoporous materials and acidic catalysts have been attracted catalyst researchers due to its high surface area narrow pore size distribution, eco-friendly and no corrosion. To improve the catalytic properties of the support materials, which are used active compounds such as, metal, metal oxides, heteropoly acids(HPA) etc.. It are loaded by different methods on the support materials. In the present paper, the synthesis of silica-based SBA-16 support material and acidic catalysts were carried out direct hydrothermal method. Firstly, SBA-16 was synthesized by the direct hydrothermal method. Then, the active compound (STA) was loaded by dry impregnation method on the support material. The loading rates of active compound were determined as 5,10,20,40 % based on W/Si(w/w) ratio of tungsten(W) in the active compound to Si(silicium) of SBA-16. After the synthesis, the physical properties of the synthesized support material and catalysts were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, DRIFT, TG/DTA, SEM / EDX and MAPPING analysis methods. The changes of the active substance in the structure of the support material were determined by depending on the active compound loading rates.Keywords: sba-16, direct-hydrothermal synthesis, sta, teos


95 Abstract Book

DDT REMOVAL BY NANO ZERO VALENT IRON: INFLUENCE OF PH ON REMOVAL MECHANISM

Kubra Altuntaş Yildiz Technical University

Eyup Debik Yildiz Technical University

Persistent organic compounds are resistant to biological degradation and can be transported long distances by releasing into the atmosphere and can be found in the atmosphere for a long time. DDT is one of the persistent organic compounds which is prohibited by Stockholm Convention. Against the prohibition in many countries, DDT, which is still in limited use in undeveloped countries, has a very low carcinogenic concentration (0,23 μg/L). It is stated in the literature that nanomaterials have been used effectively in the last decades for the removal of environmental pollutants. In this study, the mechanism of removal by nano zero valent iron was investigated by researching the pH effect at low DDT concentration. pH and ORP changes after treatment were investigated. Almost total DDT was removed within 5 minutes and pH effect on removal mechanism has found to be negligible. The ORP values decreased rapidly during the first minutes of the study. In addition, the effluent Fe2+ concentrations were also investigated and these results showed that oxidation was effective in the removal mechanism.

Keywords: ddt, nzvı, removal mechanism, orp


96 Abstract Book

ZOOPLANKTON FAUNA OF KARKAMIS DAM LAKE

Rıdvan Tepe Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

Serap Saler Firat University

Hilal Bulut Firat Universitiy

Gökhan Karakaya Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

Ayşe Gül Şahin Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

Ahmet Sesli Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

This study was carried out to determine the zooplankton fauna of Karkamis Dam Lake. For this reason, samples were taken on a monthly basis between January 2015 and December 2015. A total of 55 zooplankton species were recorded during the survey. There are 35 species of Rotifera, 11 species of Cladocera and 9 species of Copepoda and of the species identified, 63.6% belong to rotifer species, 20.0% belong to Cladocera species and 16.4% belong to Copepoda species. Three zooplankton species were recorded each month during the survey. Zooplankton abundance and decrease in the number of species were observed in winter, and a significant increase in zooplankton species diversity was recorded during the winter and spring months. In our study; A. ecaudis, C. catelia, species not recorded in previous studies in dam reservoir were recorded. In our study; Species that have not been recorded in previous studies have been identified in the same dam reservoir. These species were recorded as A. ecaudis, C. catelia, P. remata, P. similis, T. capucina, A. exigua, M. macropoda, D. lacustris, A. robustus, and M. viridis species.

Keywords: karkamış dam lake, zooplankton, rotifera, cladocera, copepoda


97 Abstract Book

PERIOD OF OBTAINING PROGENY AND LIFE RATE FROM CATFISH (SILURUS GLANIS)

Reşit Bilici Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute


Rıdvan Tepe Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

Özlem Emir Çoban Firat University

In this study, egg feeding, incubation success and the survival rate of the offspring obtained from the catfish (Silurus glanis) and the initial feeding were examined. Seven broodstock, three female and four male, were used in the right atrium. Female rootstocks were between 5 and 6 years old and weighed 4.450-7.600 and 7.950 kg. Male catfish between 4 and 5 years old were measured as 9.247-7.961-8.860-9.750 kg. Offspring intake took place from May to June 2017. The fish were taken to the production building four days before offspring intake and adapted. Before milking, the anesthesia with Quinaldine was made ready for delivery. To the females, 0.5 mg pituitary gland and 0.5 ml saline were injected at 1 kg body weight in the first injection, 4 mg pituitary gland and 1 ml saline were injected in the second injection. Male injections were given 1 injection of 1 kg body weight, 4 mg pituitary and 1 ml saline. 1 and 2 injections were performed with a 12 hour period. Egg intake was provided approximately 10 hours after the injection. At the end of milking, the amount of eggs taken was weighed in 1256 gr. The resulting eggs were placed in zuger flasks. Later, the larvae were taken into the growing tanks and fed twice a day with artemia as ad-libitum. Counts of dead and unfertilized ovaries were counted from right to left and approximately 62% of eggs were calculated to be opened. As a result, the incubation of the springfish eggs adapted to the culture medium has been successfully carried out. However, it is thought that researches should be continued in order to obtain more detailed information on the level of survival of the offspring to the optimum level.

Keywords: silurus glanis, pituitary, offspring intake, survival rate


98 Abstract Book

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE SENSITIVITY OF AEROMONAS SOBRIA ISOLATED FROM GREEN TERROR (ANDINOACARA RIVULATUS)


Ahmet Turan San Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

Selahattin Gürçay Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

Serhat Murat Alkan Elazığ Fisheries Research Institute

Motil Aeromonas species are responsible for the formation of significant hemorrhagic septicemia in freshwater fish. Aeromonas are characteristic freshwater bacteria. They are often found in the ecosystem due to their being mobile. It microflora in water and pathogens in various water creatures and in humans. In this study, it was determined that the bacterial strains obtained from green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus) were Gram-negative, rod-shaped. VITEK-2 compact system is used for identification. The bacterial strain was diagnosed as Aeromonas sobria. The antimicrobial activity of Aeromonas isolate against 12 different antimicrobial agents was evaluated by disk diffusion method. While Cefquinome was found to be the most effective in the tested antimicrobials, the lowest sensitivity rate was determined against trimethoprim / sulphamethoxazole.

Keywords: andinoacara rivulatus, aeromonas sobria, vıtek-2 compact system, antimicrobial susceptibility


99 Abstract Book

THE INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE STERILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF FRITILLARIA IMPERIALIS BY THE GREEN-SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PLANT

EXTRACTS.

Esra İlhan Ayışığı Ege University

Aynur Gürel Ege University

Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical and chemical, and biological (green synthesis) methods. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is more eco-friendly, low-cost and faster method than other technics (Tran et al, 2013). This study reported to the green synthesis potentials of extracts of Gentiana cruciata and Rubia tinctorum as reducing agents for production of silver nanoparticle without use of any external reducing or capping agent. After the silver nitrate solution incubated with aliquot amount of G. cruciata or R. tinctorum extracts in darkness, the appearance of dark brown color indicated the complete nanoparticle synthesis. These silver nanoparticles produced by green synthesis were used for the surface sterilization of Fritillaria imperialis (crown imperial) green leaf explants and also blocking of darkening problem and contribute regeneration on these explants during in vitro culture. F. imperialis L. is grown as semi-endemic in our country. Since crown imperial is used as ornamental plant for a long time because of its splendid flowers and it is forbidden to remove from nature. Among the AgNPs and NaOCl (50%) sterilization methods, although the highest sterile explant ratio was obtained from NaOCl sterilization for a 6 minute as 100%, the AgNPs sterilant synthesized via R. tinctorum extract for a 15 minute was taken a second place as 95.84%. Moreover other AgNPs sterilant synthesized via G. cruciata extract was next. This study has shown a new application technique for the prevention of darkening caused by the secretion of phenolic compounds from interrupted surfaces of explants and their oxidation, which can lead to high material losses in large scale production.

Keywords: fritillaria imperialis, surface sterilization, in vitro


100 Abstract Book

PULSE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

Hatice Pekmez University of Gaziantep

The year 2016 was declared "International Pulse Year" by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Pulse is cheap, high quality source of vegetable protein, rich in starch and dietary fiber, high in digestibility, free of gluten, low in fat, low in cholesterol and low in glycemic index. When properly and regularly consumed, it is effective on many diseases. Cleaning, the first process in pulp processing technology, is carried out in fixed and mobile cleaning devices in order to improve the physical properties of the products and to remove foreign materials. Dry cleaning is applied as coarse separation, fine separation, magnetic separation, pod peeling and stone separation. In coarse separation, coarse sieve, aspirators (aspirator sieve, duo aspirators, classification aspirators), cylindrical sieves, scalperators (drum, vibro, circular) and selectors; in fine separation, silo aspirator purifier, mill aspirator purifier and trieurs are used. In magnetic separation, the metal parts in the pulses are caught by magnets. Rubbing and friction movements result in the outer pod of the product to be removed, while stone separators are used for removal of stone. Clean product is subjected to calibration which is carried out with screening machines to obtain a homogeneous structure and to standardize the product in terms of cooking time for the final consumer. Pulses, then are subjected to sorting according to the color and hand sorting. A computer sorting system is used based on color while hand sorting is performed by selectors on both sides of the selection band to remove foreign and defective particles under hygienic conditions. Finally, the pulses are packed through a metal detector to remove metal parts. Cellophane, polyethylene (PE) pieced cardboard boxes, polyethylene bags are usually used as the packaging materials. Volumetric filling system and vertical type packaging machines are generally preferred. The shelf life of pulses is about two years.

Keywords: pulse, cleaning, calibration, sorting, packaging


101 Abstract Book

THE EFFECT OF THE FRICTION PRESSURE ON THE FRICTION WELDING OF AZ91 AND TI6AL4V ALLOS

Osman Torun Afyon Kocatepe University

İbrahim Çelikyürek Osmangazi University

Bedri Baksan Osmangazi University

In this study, Ti6Al4V and AZ91 magnesium alloys were welded by friction welding method. The samples were machined to a cylindrical form having a diameter of 8 mm and 40 mm in length. Friction welding processes were carried out for 20, 40 and 60 MPa friction pressures under a friction time 12 s, 60 MPa forging pressure, 10 s forging time and 1000 rmp rotational speed. A continuous drive friction welding was used for friction welding process. After welding, the microstructures of welding interfaces of the welded samples were examined with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical microscopy and SEM investigations were revealed that the welding interfaces of friction welded of AZ91 magnesium and Ti6Al4V alloys have a smooth morphology without any crack or pore. Diffusion zone was occurred in the interfaces of the welded samples. The mechanical properties of welding interfaces were determined using a specially designed shear test apparatus. The samples inserted in the apparatus were cut on the universal tension-compression testing machine. The hardness values were measured from the center of the welding interface to both sides. The micro hardness measurements of the welding interfaces showed that the hardness values differ slightly at welding interface.

Keywords: friction welding, az91 magnesium alloy, ti6al4v, ınterlayer, hardness


102 Abstract Book

DRY SLIDING BEHAVIOURS OF FE-37.5AL-10TI ALLOY


Fe-Al-Ti based alloys are regarded to have a potential for the improvement of intermetallic-based materials for elevated temperature processes. In the study, dry sliding behavior of Fe-37.5Al-10Ti alloy was examined. The Fe37.5Al10Ti alloy was prepared by vacuum arc melting under argon atmosphere. The microstructure of the alloy was examined by optical microscopy. The results showed that microstructure of Fe37.5Al-10Ti alloy was different from that of Fe-Al alloy. Hardness value of alloy measured and hardness measurement demonstrated that the cast Fe37.5Al10Ti alloy is harder than the cast Fe-Al. The dry sliding wear test of this alloy was performed by ball on disc geometry using tungsten carbide ball. It was observed that the wear resistance of the cast Fe37.5Al10Ti alloy was higher than that of Fe-Al alloy. Worn surface of both alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy.

Keywords: intermetallics, fe-al-ti, dry sliding, wear

SUPPLIER SELECTION PROBLEM DURING ONLINE SHOPPING

Ahmet Reha Botsalı Necmettin Erbakan University

Mehmet Aktan Necmettin Erbakan University

Today, during internet shopping it is very common that the same item can be sold at different prices by different suppliers. Especially this problem is clearly seen while shopping from online sites like n11.com, amazon.com, etc. If there is no shipping and handling cost then the least costly option for the customer is buying each item from the lowest price supplier. On the other hand, when there exist different shipping and handling cost rates for each supplier, the problem becomes more complex. In addition if the customer plans to buy complementary or substitute shopping items, another dimension is added to the problem. In this study we give two different models, integer programming and constraint programming models, and compare them with each other. Also we discuss alternative solution methods and strategies.

Keywords: supplier selection, integer programming, constraint programming


103 Abstract Book

FIRST REPORT OF CRYPTOVALSA AMPELINAASSOCIATED WITH GRAPEVINE IN TURKEY


Semra Arslan Ahi Evran University

Diatrypaceous fungi are found commonly on dead or declining wood of angiosperms (Glawe and Rogers, 1984). A few species have been shown to cause serious disease in native or cultivated plants. Several fungi in the Diatrypaceae are known to occur on grapevines worldwide, with species in the genera Cryptovalsa, Diatrype, Diatrypella, Eutypa, and Eutypella (Farr et al., 1989; Trouillas et al., 2001). The present study includes a new record diatrypaceousmicrofungus on Vitis vinifera L.from Kırşehir province in Turkey. Plant specimens infected with microfungus were collected from Çiçekdağı district in Kırşehir province of Turkey and prepared according to established herbarium techniques. Microscopical features were examined and microphotographs were made using a Leica DM E light microscope. The microfungi were identified using relevant literature. Identified species and their author’s names were checked by Index fungorum database (2017). The examined specimens have been deposited in the mycological collection of the Ahi Evran University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, in Kırşehir province of Turkey. Cryptovalsa ampelina (Nitschke) Fuckelon pruned canes of Vitis viniferais reported as new to the mycobiota of Turkey. The fungus can be readily distinguished from other members in the family by its polysporous asci and the coloured ascospores. Distinguishing morphological characters are described and illustrated for this species.

Keywords: microfungi, new record, vitis vinifera

Note: This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Number: FEF.B2.16.003).


104 Abstract Book

IMPLEMENTATION OF FORWARD 8X8 INTEGER DCT FOR H.264/AVC FREXT

Antoinette Ringnyu Bunji Kocaeli University

Ali Tangel Kocaeli University

The H.264/AVC image encoding standard has been used in many systems, especially in HD(High Definition) devices because of the introduction of the FRExt standard, which is intends leads additional characteristics in this standard like the Higher Resolution and Higher Bit rates. With the introduction of the FRExt, a good number of amendments were to the AVC standard, most importantly at the level of the transform block. This included , using an 8x8 Integer DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) matrix, in addition to the 4x4 Integer DCT. This work focuses on the Forward 8x8 Integer Transform block implementation of the H.264 FRExt standard, exploring different methods of implementations, and examining how these methods affect the hardware and the maximum frequency. There is the 2D implementation (Matrix multiplication) using multipliers and adders and the 1D implementation (butterfly algorithm) using adder, extracted from the JM software reference using adders. These implementations are done using VHDL and MATLAB. The simulations are done in Vivado Design Suite.

Keywords: h.264 frext, integer dct, matlab, vhdl


105 Abstract Book

CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ENZYME FROM ODEMIS POTATO

Dudu Demir Suleyman Demirel University

Toygan Yavuz Suleyman Demirel University

Metehan Kuşcu Suleyman Demirel University

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals and plants. PPO is the major cause of enzymic browning in higher plants. PPO as present in plant tissues plays an important role in the quality of fruit and vegetable processing and during storage of the processed foods. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important nutrients in the first place among carbohydrate sources. It is one of the main products consumed worldwide. Potato browning after the peeling and cutting is an undesirable alteration and a primary limiting factor for potato commercialization and the browning degree varies according to the potato cultivar. In this study, polyphenol oxidase enzyme was purified from Odemis potato by using affinity gel comprised of Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-amino benzoic acid. The KM and Vmax values of PPO enzyme purified from Odemis potato towards catechol substrate were determined by Lineweaver-Burk method; KM and Vmax values as 5 mM and 2500 U/mLmin, respectively.

Keywords: polyphenol oxidase, ödemiş potato, affinity chromatography


106 Abstract Book

THE RELATION OF NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION (NAO) AND NORTH SEA CASPIAN PATTERN (NCP) WITH CLIMATE VARIABLES IN MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF

TURKEY

Cenk Sezen Ondokuz Mayıs University

Turgay Partal Ondokuz Mayıs University

North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and North Sea Caspian Pattern (NCP) is two of the atmospheric circulations which are efficient on climate parameters. The purpose of this study is determining the effects of NAO and NCP on the temperature and precipitation regime of Mediterranean region in Turkey. In this regard, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between respective atmospheric indices (NAO, NCP) and climate variables (temperature, precipitation) as annual and seasonal. The correlation results were assessed according to Student's t-test. In this context, it was found that NAO is negatively correlated with temperature in summer, winter seasons and annual, in addition, NCP has remarkable negative correlation with temperature data especially in winter, autumn seasons and annual, as well. As for the linkage between precipitation and aforementioned atmospheric circulations, it was detected that NAO is correlated with autumn and winter precipitation negatively, whereas NCP has negative correlation with winter precipitation and positive correlation with summer precipitation in some parts of the region. As a result, NAO and NCP have remarkable influences on temperature and precipitation regime of Mediterranean region of Turkey for either seasonal or annual.

Keywords: mediterranean region, north atlantic oscillation, North Sea caspian pattern, precipitation, temperature


107 Abstract Book

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF USAGE OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS IN HELICOPTER ROTORS ON THE TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS

Oğuzhan Nazlım Kirikkale University

Hakan Arslan Kirikkale University

In this study the effects of using shape memory alloys instead of aluminum alloys for helicopter rotors was examined. For that purpose, the program SOLIDWORKS is used to design and modelling the helicopter rotor and propeller. Vibration analysis for two different rotor materials is carried out using the ANSYS finite element modeling program. All elements of the rotor system were carefully chosen to suit the size and geometry of the original structure for modeling analysis, completed model is transferred to ANSYS Design Modeler and installation connections for each element were arranged accordingly. The whole system was defined as a single system and the air friction was neglected for the transient and harmonic analysis. Modal analysis was done after the materials are assigned to the system components, to find the torsional modes and frequencies. In order to obtain the amplitudes occurring in the detected rotor torsional frequencies, in the harmonic analysis, original opposite moment values on the propeller and shaft was selected. Transient Analysis is used to obtain amplitude values occurring at specific time intervals in the rotor system and vibration values occurring during motion and the charts of them were obtained. Vibration data obtained for shape memory alloy and aluminum alloy rotor shaft were compared regarding the RMS, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis and skewness. The results of the analysis’ indicate that the shaft made of shape memory alloy causes less vibration than the shaft made of aluminum alloy.

Keywords: helicopter, rotor, shape memory alloys, vibration analysis


108 Abstract Book

THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND YTTRIUM SUBSTITUTION ON THE STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF PEROVSKITE MANGANITES

Yusuf Samancıoğlu Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Calcium and Yttrium substituted perovskites manganites, La0.65A0.35MnO3 (A=Ca,Y), were prepared by sol-gel method and sintered in air 1000oC for 24 h. Substitution of Ca2+ and Y1+ for La3+ by amount of element give rise to tremendous changes in magnetic and structural properties of LaMnO3 compounds. From the magnetic properties explored bulk sample, the Curie temperature (TC) and the isothermal magnetic entropy changes (-ΔSM) were determined by magnetic property measurement system (MPMS) and structural properties which SEM-EDS and XRD techniques are used. The Curie temperature, TC, of the sample with x=0.35 doping is determined as 273 K. The magnetic entropy change in a field-change of 1 T is determined to be 4.1 jkg-1K-1. The Curie temperature decreases to 182 K for La0.65Ca0.30Y0.05MnO3 compound due to the substitution of Ca2+ by a small amount of Y1+. For the magnetic field change of 1 T, while the isothermal magnetic entropy change for La0.65Ca0.30Y0.05MnO3 compound was found to be 1.68 jkg-1K-1 and it decreases to 0.89 jkg-1K-1 and 0.79 jkg-1K-1 for the La0.65Ca0.25Y0.10MnO3 and La0.65Ca0.20Y0.15MnO3 compounds, respectively.

Keywords: composite materials, magnetocaloric effect, perovskite

A WAVELET TRANSFORMATION-GENETIC ALGORITHM-ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK COMBINED MODEL FOR PRECIPITATION FORECASTING

Cenk Sezen Ondokuz Mayıs University

Turgay Partal Ondokuz Mayıs University

Black box models are one of the most common hydrological models in order to make predictions of hydrological variables such as precipitation and stream flow. In this study, performance of a combined model which consists of wavelet transformation, genetic algorithm and artificial neural network (WGANN) were tested for prediction of monthly precipitation by using North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, Southern Oscillation (SO) index and precipitation data as input in the model. The case study was carried out for Antalya which is located in Mediterranean region of Turkey. As a result, it was attained that WGANN model performed more successful than usual artificial neural network (ANN), multiple linear regression (MLR) and genetic algorithm-artificial neural network (GANN) models.

Keywords: artificial neural network, genetic algorithm, precipitation, regression, wavelet transformation


109 Abstract Book

FAST PYROLYSIS OF MARINE MACROALGAE-COAL BLENDS IN FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS

Zeynep Yıldız Ondokuz Mayıs University

Selim Ceylan Ondokuz Mayıs University

The world’s energy production strongly depends on coal reserves. However, enormous consumption rates have caused decline in rich and quality coal reserves. Besides, environmental problems such as global warming and greenhouse gas release are in serious levels. Thus, research on alternative energy sources gaining more importance. Biomass is considered as a promising alternative, clean and renewable energy source. Macroalgae biomass has several advantages over land biomass such as; production capability in all seasons; no need for irrigation, no competition for arable land; effective photosynthetic capacity. However, its sole usage is limited because of its moisture content and lower heating value. Coal and biomass are both important for a sustainable energy strategy. Biomass can be used as a cheap and renewable hydrogen source for coal pyrolysis to improve quality and the yield of obtained bio-oil. However, high oxygen content of bio-oil prevents its widespread usage due to high viscosity and radical compound content. Catalytic pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion process which increases the selectivity to deoxygenated compounds in the bio-oil. In this study, the catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis properties of a macroalgae species (Ulva lettuca) and lignite coal mixtures were investigated using fluidized bed reactor and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Raw materials were characterized by FT-IR spectrometer, proximate and ultimate analysis and high heating value measurements. ZnO catalyst was used as pyrolysis catalyst. Fluidized bed reactor experiments Ulva lettuca-coal mixtures were conducted in the absence and catalytic added mediums under inert nitrogen atmosphere for 60 minutes at 650 °C at a heating rate of 13 °C/min. Characterization of pyrolysis-derived liquid (bio-oil) and solid (bio-char) products were investigated using analytical tools such as elemental analysis, FTIR, GC-MS. The formation of aromatic benzene derivatives and phenolic compounds which has low oxygen content in bio-oil obtained by catalytic pyrolysis experiments confirmed the improvement in bio-oil properties.

Keywords: pyrolysis, fluidized bed reactor, macroalgae, coal

Note: This study was supported by TUBİTAK with a project number of 214M153.


110 Abstract Book

RETROFITTING SFRC BEAMS BY USING CFRP

Riza Secer Orkun Keskin Yildiz Technical University

Kadir Sengun Yildiz Technical University

Guray Arslan Yildiz Technical University

The use of structural members made of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) has been increasing since it has been shown through numerous researches that steel fibers promotes the mechanical properties of concrete beyond cracking and improve the crack control characteristics of concrete significantly. A particular use of steel fibers aims to enhance the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without web reinforcement. Even thouh there have been numerous researches focused on the contribution of steel fibers to the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without web reinforcement, the studies on retrofitting of SFRC beams is very limited. An advantegous retrofitting method is to use carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) due to the fact that it has relatively high tensile strength and low weight, and it can be applied easily and rapidly. In this study, RC beams with a shear span-to-effective depth ratio of 4.5 were loaded up to their load-carrying capacities and then tested again after retrofitting with CFRP. The experimental results were examined in the context of strength, stiffness and ductility.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, beam, steel fiber, carbon fiber reinforced polymer


111 Abstract Book

THE BEHAVIOR OF PFRC BEAMS WITH AND WITHOUT WEB REINFORCEMENT

Mehdi Ozturk Yildiz Technical University

Riza Secer Orkun Keskin Yildiz Technical University

Guray Arslan Yildiz Technical University

Numerous researches have focused on the contribution of steel fibers to the shear and flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without web reinforcement. While it has been shown that the addition of steel fibers makes concrete tougher and more ductile, there exists a relatively limited amount of studies concerning the shear behavior of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC) beams. For this purpose, an experimental program was carried out for investigating the shear behavior of PFRC beams. This paper presents the test results of PFRC beams with and without web reinforcement. It is shown that the use of polypropylene fibers improved the shear capacities of RC beams. However, the additional shear resistance provided by polypropylene fibers was not sufficient to overcome the shear demand and change the failure mode from shear to flexure.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, beam, polypropylene fiber, stirrup

ANALYSIS OF FACIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Fatma Göngör Adana Science and Technology University

Recently, physiognomic evaluation of human face has been widely considered in computer based visual applications. This paper presents a facial character analysis algorithm and its application to a person. This algorithm has 3-stages: Initially, face is detected from images with Viola-Jones algorithm and then crucial facial distance measurements are measured with Geometric based facial distance measurement technique. Finally, measured facial distances are evaluated with Physiognomy science to interpret characteristic properties of the person based on nose-forehead, mouth-chin and eyes-cheeks facial measurements. The simulation results show that performed facial character analysis reveals important information about the character of the experimented person.

Keywords: facial character analysis, geometric based facial distance measurement, physiognomy, viola-jones algorithm


112 Abstract Book

WATER QUALITY LIMITATION FOR TURBIDITY BASED SEDIMENT MEASUREMENT IN RIVERS

Ramazan Meral Bingol University

Sebahattin Kaya Bingol University

Azize Dogan Demir Bingol University

Yasin Demir Bingol University

Suspended sediment transport in river is the crucial problem for hydroelectric power generation systems. It causes difficulties for dam operation due to reduce of reservoir storage of dam, the abrasion of turbines of hydropower plants and reduces their generating efficiency and can require expensive repairs. The measurement of suspended sediment has some difficulties in river condition. The direct water sampling method is generally used as traditionally. But this method is restrictive to represent continuous monitoring, especially during exchangeable and high discharge conditions In addition the sampling and filtering processes are required more time and labor. These limitations have led to new devices with the technological advances for continuous and precision sediment monitoring. Especially in terms of using light and sound scattering or attenuation by particles in water has used to estimate sediment concentration. This new technique has gained importance within the researcher, and its validation has been tested in many laboratory and field studies. In this study conducted a river study to supply continuous monitoring sediment transport with turbidity methods under two different water quality conditions. The results of study showed that turbidity based sediment measurement method has potential for continuous monitoring. But water quality parameters should be considered and defined for different conditions to more accurately estimate sediment concentration with turbidity values.

Keywords: suspended sediment, turbidity, water pollution, environmental


113 Abstract Book

DEVELOPING LINEAR AND NONLINEAR MODELS OF ABB IRB120 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT WITH MAPLESIM MULTIBODY MODELLING SOFTWARE

İsmail Çalıkuşu Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University

Önder Tutsoy Adana Science and Technology University


Orang Vahid Maplesoft Company

Duygun Erol Barkana Yeditepe University

Industrial robots have been extensively used in various industrial applications due to a number of advantages such as accuracy and speed in performing tasks. To achieve complex applications with industrial robots, sophisticated controllers should be developed; henceforth, precise model of the industrial robots must be obtained by using multibody modelling softwares. The purpose of this paper is to create an ABB IRB120 industrial robot representation for simulating and analyzing dynamics and kinematics of the industrial robots by using MapleSim. In addition, this paper presents how linear and nonlinear models of the robot can be obtained and makes available them to public. Therefore, it will be possible to design linear and nonlinear controllers for ABB IRB 120 industrial robot by using the developed models, without requiring any multibody modelling software.

Keywords: industrial robots, linear and nonlinear models, maple, maplesim, modelling, six-dof abb irb120


114 Abstract Book

AN EMOTION ANALYSIS ALGORITHM AND IMPLEMENTATION TONAO HUMANOID ROBOT


Önder Tutsoy Adana Science and Technology University

Duygun Erol Barkana Yeditepe University

Hatice Köse Istanbul Technical University

Humanoid robots are extensively becoming an essential part of the social life. It is crucial for humanoid robots to understand the emotions of the people for efficient human-robot interaction. Even though a great number of facial emotion analysis algorithms have been developed and a number of them have been implemented to humanoid robots, there are still gaps in improving accuracy, computational burden and speed of these algorithms. This paper proposes a 4-stage emotion analysis algorithm and then presents its application to NAO humanoid robot. Initially, the robot detects the face using Viola-Jones algorithm. Later, important facial distance measurements are taken with geometric based facial distance measurement technique. Then, facial action coding system technique is used to detect movements of the measured facial points. Finally, measured facial movements are evaluated to understand instant emotional properties of the person. Although this algorithm can be implemented to all humanoid robots, in this research, it has been specifically applied to NAO humanoid robot. The reliability of the emotion analysis is verified by analyzing each terminal decision made based on the facial distance measurements. In addition, the accuracy, computational burden and speed of the algorithm are assessed to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Keywords: emotion analysis, facial action coding system, geometric based facial distance measurement technique, facial expression, viola-jones algorithm


115 Abstract Book

IMPROVEMENT OF THE BAND DETECTION PERFORMANCE OF DNA GEL IMAGES USING A NONLINEAR PREPROCESSING OPERATION

Erdoğan Aldemir Dokuz Eylül University

Eda Şen University of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali

Tuba Yağcı University of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali

Gülay Tohumoğlu Dokuz Eylul University

Data and image processing have been used as an effective tool in many scientific fields as well as in biology and genetics. In last decade, various image processing software and algorithms have been developed for molecular biology and genetics. Two-dimensional (2D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gel electrophoresis images are used to visualize the fragments of DNA. DNA-based molecular techniques are frequently employed in phylogenetic studies since they are considered as precise and sensitive methods. Separation of the fragments is the key point for the assessment of the images. Although a great deal of software has been developed to separate the fragments automatically, there is an ongoing demand to improve their qualitative and quantitative performance. In this study, it is aimed to improve the performance of the DNA fragment analysis software by applying preprocessing operations to the DNA gel images. Nonlinear image analysis methods were applied to gel images to improve fragment separation performance for band calculations by enhancing the visual quality of the image. For this purpose, anisotropic diffusion filtering (ADF) was applied to edge enhanced images for the improvement of image quality. The numerical simulation has been done on a set of 2D deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gel electrophoresis images. The results revealed that the application of appropriate preprocessing operator increased the automatic separation efficiency of the fragment gel images. The preprocessing done by ADF have significantly contributed the efficiency of the software by up to 20 by boosting edge regions of the gel images. In the future, the same filter would be developed to be used as a part of executable software packages and applied for the analysis of a larger dataset, accordingly.

Keywords: image processing, edge enhancement, anisotropic diffusion filtering, dna fragment


116 Abstract Book

CONTROL OF FRONT-WHEEL STEERING ANGLE OF UNMANNED AGRICULTURAL VEHICLES WITH ANN-BASED CONTROL SYSTEM

Zeynel Abidin Kuş Erciyes University

İkbal Eski Erciyes University

Thanks to advances mainly in the fields of robotics and control systems, unmanned agricultural vehicles are now being used more than ever. Therefore, current researches have mostly focused on potential use of unmanned vehicles in agricultural practices. Today, agricultural vehicles are used in hoeing, spraying, seeding, harvesting, weed and pest control practices. Considering the high labor costs and time-consuming applications, such unmanned vehicles will bring about significant savings in agricultural practices. For all of the tasks specified above, precise control of the vehicle is the most significant issue. Following pre-specified path (route) is the primary control process of these vehicles. The present study was conducted to determine the success of a PID controller and model-based neural network PID control system for controlling front-wheel steering angle of an unmanned agricultural vehicle. Three different input signals (unit step, sinusoidal and random) were used to test the performance of control structures. Present tests revealed favorable results for the response of developed control structure to defined signals. Further researches are recommended for potential use of designed control systems in agricultural practices.

Keywords: unmanned agricultural vehicles, pid controller, neural network control


117 Abstract Book

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF D-103 NEMATOGEN DEPENDS ON TEMPERATURE AND FREQUENCY

Atilla Eren Mamuk Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Nejmettin Avcı Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Pınar Özden Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Arif Nesrullazade Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

The admirable physical properties of liquid crystal (LC) compounds have captivated a growing interest for the researchers. Investigation of these materials has significant improvements in display and sensor technology, because of its multidimensional productive applications in liquid crystal technology. Due to LCs anisotropic properties, intensive studies of their physical properties such as phase transition temperature, optical properties, behaviors of LC compounds under external fields e.g. electric field, magnetic field etc. have been absolutely necessary. LCs have weak electrical permittivity and can be polarized under external electric field. Dielectric permittivity is a macroscopic quantity and depends on external electric field and macroscopic polarization. In this study, electrical measurements of D-103 specific nematic LC have been performed from isotropic liquid phase to nematic phase for both planar and parallel state with varied temperatures and frequencies. Moreover, dielectric constants of D-103 LC have been investigated under thermal field. Detailed information and discussions of study will be given.

Keywords: liquid crystal, dielectric properties, nematic

Note: This work has been partially supported by the Research Foundation of Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Grant No. 15/098.


118 Abstract Book

A STUDY ON IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS LEVEL OF TURKISH PORTS IN THE FRAME OF GREEN PORT CONCEPT

Selim Aksoy Istanbul Technical University

Yalçın Durmuşoğlu Istanbul Technical University

Recently, our world has been globalizing very fast as an indispensable result of technological innovations of today’s informatics age that blazes a trail in information management. Nowadays, when industry 4.0 concept is discussed, national borders have become more indistinct day by day and this makes good and cash flow much more rapid. Technological innovations create need of raw material and that causes fast depletion of goods and financial resources. Increase in production and consumption activities consumes natural resources and causes environmental problems. As for that fast increase in production and consumption activities intrinsically creates an intensive demand for transportation sector. Beyond any doubt maritime sector is one of the major sectors that influenced by taken steps in order to answer this demand. On the other hand, when it comes to maritime transportation, first of all ports spring to mind. However, ports have strong bonds to cities that they are located. These strong bonds get weaken under recent circumstances. While positive impacts of a port spread wider area, negative impacts intensify in the location of port. To lead to regional economic development by increasing the competition levels of the ports, while minimizing the negative impacts is the main issue in this study. For this purpose, in order to increase the competitiveness and performance level of the port, it has been proposed to implement the "Port Community System (PCS)" and the dry port railway connection. In order to reduce the harmful gas emission values of ships in port, usage of renewable and environmentally friendly energy generated by "Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)" method as an "Onshore Power Supply System" have been proposed.

Keywords: port competitiveness, green port concept, alternative energy


119 Abstract Book

EFFECT OF GA4+7 + BA ON RUSSET IN STARKSPUR GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE VARIETY

Emel Kaçal Fruit Research Institute

İbrahim Gür Fruit Research Institute

Melih Aydınlı Fruit Research Institute

Hakkı Koçal Fruit Research Institute

Halit Yıldız Fruit Research Institute

Murat Cansu Fruit Research Institute

Süleyman Akol Fruit Research Institute

Russet is defined as a physical defect that begins in the epidermal and hypodermal cell layer during the early stages of fruit development. Rusty fruits have no market value. This study was carried out to determine the effect of GA4 + 7 + BA on the formation of russet on Starkspur Golden Delicious apple variety grafted on seedling rootstock. Three different GA4 + 7 + BA (17.5ml/100L, 35ml/100L and 70ml/100L) doses were used in the study. Applications were made three times in 10 days intervals from the full bloom period. In both years, the lowest fruit russet rate was obtained from application of 70ml/100L, and the rusty fruit rate difference appeared between years. According to the applications, the ratio of fruit russet changed between 75.59% (control) - 26.90 (70ml/100L) in 2015 and 75.85% (control) - 45.40 (70ml/100L). The effect of applications on fruit quality characteristics were found significant.

Keywords: malus x domestica, physiological disorders, plant growth regulators, fruit quality


120 Abstract Book

CHANGES IN MILK COMPOSITION DURING LACTATION PERIOD IN GOATS

Selma Buyukkilic Beyzi Erciyes University

Hasan Rüştü Kutlu Cukurova University

Yusuf Konca Erciyes University

Murat Gorgulu Cukurova University

In the experiment, 40 Aleppo goats with a mean parity of 2.53 ± 0.8 (multiparous) and 25 ± 5 days in milk at the beginning of the experiment were used. The goats were selected from 200 of herd and experimental diet based on alfalfa hay (60%) and concentrate feeds (40%). Before the experiment began, the goats were fed a commercial diet for a 3-week adaptation period. In all experiment, goats were fed individually. The diets were offered ad libitum and clean water was always available with automatic waterers. The experimental periods were 12-weeks long, and the goats were milked daily at 08:00 and 18:00 h. The experiments were conducted during spring and summer (from May through the end of September). The individual milk subsamples were collected over 3 consecutive milking of the experimental period (per 3 day-totally 24 times). The individual milk samples were stored at 4ºC with a protective tablet (Broad Spectrum Microtabs II) until they were analyzed for total solid (TS), solid non-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, casein, urea, density, acidity, free fatty acid (FFA), citric acid, freezing point depression (FPD) at a milk analyzer (Foss, MilkoScan™ FT2). The data were analyzed by ANOVA using the GLM procedure of the SPSS software package. Contrast statements were included to compare 2 weeks periods (6 groups) effects. The differences were considered significant if P<0.05. Milk SNF, casein and citric acid were not affected by lactation periods (P>0.05); It was observed that the ratio of TS (11.74-13.79), fat (3.32-5.59), protein (2.96-3.53) and lactose (4.11-4.22) increased as the lactation progressed (P<0.05). Milk density decreased as lactation progressed (1031-1028) (P<0.05). The rate of acidity, urea, FPD, lactose did not show a regular change with the change of the lactation period and the rate decreased as the lactation progressed but it increased again towards the end of lactation (P<0.05). FFA in milk increased as the lactation progressed, but decreased again towards the end of lactation (P<0.05). As a result, it is emphasized that the milk composition varies considerably in each period in the goats and that this change should be considered in the products obtained from the milk.

Keywords: goat milk composition, lactation period


121 Abstract Book

COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN TERMS OF SOME PROPERTIES

Selma Buyukkilic Beyzi Erciyes University

Yusuf Konca Erciyes University

In our country and in the world, demand for organic products is increasing. Consumers generally prefer organically obtained products to be considered to be healthier than conventional products. Organically grown products are subjected to a number of certification procedures from the point of sale and are offered with organic certificates. For this reason it is expected that theoretically organic and conventionally produced herbal and animal products are derived from natural products, are not contaminated with heavy metals and pollutants, are distant from residues, have different microbial loads, are more delicious and nutritious. However, the advantages and disadvantages of these produced products must be demonstrated and compared with those obtained conventionally. In this sense, it is inadequate to have studies done. According to the results of this study, although significant chemical, sensory and microbiological differences were detected in organic and conventional animal products, it is not possible to obtain a clear result. However, when the results of the study are examined, it can be seen that when animal foods are obtained organically, they also emphasized that the ratio of meat fat and cholesterol is decreasing while it is higher in terms of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids which are very important for nutrition. However, according to the sensory analysis results, it is pointed out that the taste is better in the animal products obtained organically. However, in many studies, some adverse effects on microorganism load were found in animal products obtained organically compared with those obtained conventionally. As a result, there is a need for more comparative research and a homogeneous comparison in the studies to be able to produce a clear picture.

Keywords: organic, conventional, animal product


122 Abstract Book

THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FE50AL35TI15 ALLOYS PRODUCED BY CASTING AND SPARK PLASMA SINTERING METHOD

Kerem Aybar Eskişehir Osmangazi University


İbrahim Çelikyürek Eskişehir Osmangazi University

In this study, Fe50Al35Ti15 alloy were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process. The aim of this work was to compare the mechanical properties of the materials produced with the casting and SPS process. SPS is a process that enables fast production and dense (nonporous) parts at high heating rates. In this method, densification occurs at lower temperatures and shorter times, therefore grain coarsed is avoided. Fe-Al based alloys have an important potential for material development especially structural applications. The L21 phase greatly increases the strength at high temperatures in the Fe-Al-Ti alloys. In this work, L21 ordered Fe50Al35Ti15 alloy was selected then, the cast alloy was prepared by vacuum arc melting under an argon atmosphere. Cast alloy were milled by ball milling and the final powder size obtained was <45Î¼m. The powder was consolidated using SPS process at temperature of 1100Â°C and at pressure of 60 MPa. The microstructure of the alloys was examined by optical microscopy. The microhardness values of alloys produced by as-cast and sintered material are 638 HV and 690 HV, respectively. The compression tests were carried out at room temperature and 900Â°C at a strain rate of 10-4 s-1. 0.2% yield stresses values obtained were 610 MPa (as-cast) and 1900 MPa (sintered material) at room temperature. 0.2% yield stress values were found as 120 MPa (as-cast) and 130 MPa (sintered material) at higher temperatures (900 Â°C). The results obtained in this study show that, the mechanical properties of the alloy produced by the SPS process are comparable or better than as cast.

Keywords: iron aluminides, spark plasma sintering, mechanical properties


123 Abstract Book

EFFECTS OF WELD TOOL ROTATIONAL SPEED AND TRAVEL SPEED ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRICTION STIR WELDED AA5083-H321 ALLOY

Kerem Aybar Eskişehir Osmangazi University

Nedret Aydınbeyli Eskişehir Osmangazi University

In this study, the aluminum sheets AA5083-H321 with thickness of 4 mm were joined by friction stir welding (FSW) using different process parameters. Then, the microstructure and the mechanical properties of theses plates were examined. The parameters employed during FSW were 800, 1000 and 1200 rpm for rotating speeds and 25 and 50 mm/min for welding speeds. Besides, the geometry of the tool used for the friction stir welding was kept constant. As a microstructural investigation, optical microscopy was used for the base and the welded zones. Measurement of the hardness was carried out to obtain the hardness profile of each welded plates. The tensile and the 3-point bending tests were applied to the specimens by using electrical discharge machining (EDM) at room temperature. It was observed that the specimens welded at 50 mm/min and 800 rpm showed the best behavior in terms of mechanical performance. The results showed that the 0.2% yield stress and the tensile stress values of the welded plates were 113 MPa and 183 MPa, respectively. The maximum stress value obtained was 537 MPa from the face bending test and the maximum stress value obtained was 583 MPa from the root bending test.

Keywords: friction stir welding, mechanical properties, aluminum alloys


124 Abstract Book

EXAMINATION OF EXERCISE AND NUTRITION HABITS OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Canan Birimoğlu Okuyan Mustafa Kemal University

Ebru Deveci Hasan Kalyoncu University

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the exercise behaviors and nutritional habits of the students in vocational high school. In this descriptive study, it was aimed to reach the entire universe without using any sampling method and a total of 406 among 680 female students were included in the study. Data were collected with a questionnaire developed by researchers, including students' personal information, exercise and nutrition habits, and with the 'Decision Balancing Inventory for Exercise' (DBI-E) to determine the importance of the positive / negative factors that were effective in deciding not to continue exercise behavior between March-April 2015. The obtained data were evaluated in SPSS 22.0 statistical package program and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis. The average age of the participants in the survey was 16.46 ± 1.07, 35.2% of them in the 9th grade, and 39% of them have no regular breakfast habits. Also, it was found that 95.6% of the subjects have no obstacle to doing sports but 69.7% of them did not exercise regularly for the last one month. In terms of exercise habits, It was determined that 43.1% of those who exercise was walking. When the sub-dimensions of the Decision Making Balance scale are examined according to the students who do sports and do not, there was a significant difference in subscale positive (gain) perception (t (396) = 7,459; p <.05). Besides, the subscale negative (loss) perception (t (396) =, 896; p >.05) did not show any significant difference. It has been determined that the students who play sports perceive the exercise as gain according to the students who do not exercise and that there is no habit of exercising regularly to maintain a healthy life. Besides, it was seen that the students did not feed regularly. Findings of this study suggest that adolescents should be encouraged to increase the level of health promotion behaviors in adolescents.

Keywords: vocational school students, exercise, nutrition habits


125 Abstract Book

ON THE GEOMETRY OF HEMI-SLANT RIEMANNIAN SUBMERSIONS

Ramazan Sarı Amasya University

Mehmet Akif Akyol Bingöl University

As a generalization of anti-invariant submersions, semi-invariant submersions and slant submersions, we introduce hemi-slant Riemannian submersions from Sasakian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We obtain characterizations; investigate the geometry of foliations which arise from the definition of this new submersion. After we investigate the geometry of foliations, we obtain necessary and sufficient condition for base manifold to be a locally product manifold and proving new conditions to be totally umbilical and totally geodesicness, respectively. We investigate that some properties ofhemi slant submersions of an Sasakian-space form whose ϕ−sectional curvature is constant. Moreover, some examples of such hemi-slant submersions are mentioned.

Keywords: riemannian submersion, sasakian manifold, space form, anti-invariant submersions, semi-invariant submersions, slant submersions

Note: This paper is supported by Amasya University Research Project (FMB-BAP 17-0284).

HEMI-SLANT SUBMANIFOLDS OF LORENTZIAN KENMOTSU MANIFOLDS

Ramazan Sarı Amasya University

Elif Aksoy Sarı Amasya University

In this paper, hemi-slant submanifolds of Lorentzian Kenmotsu manifold are studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given on a submanifold of Lorentzian Kenmotsu manifold to be hemi-slant submanifold. We study integrabilities and parallel conditions of the distribution on hemi-slant submanifolds of Lorentzian Kenmotsu manifold. Morever, we also study hemi-slant submanifolds of locally warped product Lorentzian Kenmotsu manifold. We are given examples of slant submanifold a warped product Lorentzian Kenmotsu manifold.

Keywords: hemi-slant submanifold, lorentzian kenmotsu manifold, warped product

Note: This paper is supported by Amasya University Research Project (FMB-BAP 17-0284).


126 Abstract Book

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPLIED AS A METHODOLOGY OF TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION


Aslı Doğan Sarıkaya Ahi Evran University

Yavuz Koçak Ahi Evran University

A problem of taxonomic identifications is the lack of modern quantitative methodologies to obtain more detailed descriptions of morphological characters. Multivariate analyses, such as discriminant analysis and principal component analysis, are the most common statistical techniques used for this situation. A popular alternative to these traditional statistical methods is to use machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural network (ANN), in the research field of taxonomy. The development of an automatized species identification method like an ANN would be a valuable and more accessible resource for taxonomists. In this study, an artificial neural network approach was proposed for the identification and classification of species of tiger beetles, viz. Calomera fischeri fischeri (Adams, 1817), Calomera littoralis mandli (Mandl, 1967), Calomera caucasica (Adams, 1817), Cephalota circumdata cappadocica (Franzen, 1996), based on head shape characters. After defining and capturing landmarks on head, generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) was performed to superimpose landmark configurations. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to describe variations in shapes among the studied beetles and then principal components of superimposed landmarks were used as input to ANN. We tested the hypothesis that classification using ANN is better than traditional classification by multivariate discriminant analysis. We show that the results obtained using the proposed ANN approach are in general greater correct classification percentages than those obtained using the traditional method. It can be said that the results emphasize the power of ANN, which partially automates the taxonomic identification.

Keywords: artificial neural network, geometric morphometrics, landmark, taxonomy, beetle


127 Abstract Book

THE EFFECT OF SAMPLE SIZE ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS OF BEETLE MORPHOMETRICS

Aslı Doğan Sarıkaya Ahi Evran University



One of the most problematic issues in geometric morphometrics is how many individuals one needs to achieve accuracy in samples. Actually, this is one of the most regularly asked questions for multivariate analyses. There is no simple and absolute answer to this question. Although there are a number of techniques for exploring the effect of sampling, we know of no previous assessment of minimum sample sizes for geometric morphometrics of beetles. Thus, using bootstrapping methods and principle components analysis based on randomized subsamples, we can compare results of PCA for effects of sample size. In this study, geometric morphometrics approach was firstly employed to evaluate the head shape and size variation of four cicindelid beetles. Then 1000 samples were produced by bootstrapping method from the beetles identified as the reference set. On the other hand, different sample sizes have been specified in the simulation for testing effectiveness. We compared the classification performance of principal components analysis (PCA) for different sample sizes of each species (n=10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100). The results showed that the sample size should minimally twice the number of landmarks and increasing sample size improves the results obtained by PCA, in many cases.

Keywords: geometric morphometrics, landmark, pca, sample size, taxonomy


128 Abstract Book

ENHANCEMENT OF ACIDITY AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ALUMINA BASED METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORK (MIL-53 AL)

Esra Yılmaz Ege University

Emine Sert Ege University

Ferhan Sami Atalay Ege University

Abstract Metal organic frameworks are highly porous materials which are formed by combination of metal precursor and salts as inorganic part and ligand as organic part. They have many advantages such as low density, high surface area, tunable pore size and high porosity. Due to peculiar features, such as unsaturated metal active sites, high surface area and easily functionalization, its usage as catalyst are promising. The MIL-53(Al) structure contains chains of trans corner-sharing [AlO4(OH)2] octahedra that are connected to each other by 1,4 benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) ligands, and thus 3D net in which one-dimensional channels run parallel to the inorganic backbone of the structure is formed. There are so many studied on usage of aluminium based metal organic framework in adsorption and gas adsorption and separation processes. However, there is very limited number of studies on catalytic properties of this material. MIL-53(Al) provides several advantages compared with other MOFs such as high thermal stability, cheap, and available raw materials. It is also moisture resistant and has relatively high surface area which makes it an attractive MOF alternative for catalytic processes. In this study, aluminium salt was selected as metal precursor and MIL-53 (Al) was synthesized by solvothermal method. Then the synthesized material was sulfated to increase the acidity. The characterization of synthesized and sulfated materials were performed by FT-IR, BET, XRD and TGA methods. The catalytic activity of sulfated material was tested in esterification reaction of acetic acid. The effects of time, sulfation, temperature and alcohol type were investigated.

Keywords: mof, mıl-53(al), solvothermal, sulfation, and acidity


129 Abstract Book

THE EFFECT OF BIG DATA USAGE ON NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Güncel Sarıman Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Ecir Küçüksille Süleyman Demirel University

With the increasing amount of data and the ability of computer hardware to store large amounts of data and to analyze at high capacity, the development of systems that make life easier by using big data is becoming more widespread. Collection and storage of all these data from different sources, such as social media shares, photo archives and log files which are recorded every second, creates an infrastructure that can actually produce much more information and allow for different studies, although it has previously seen as burden and cost. One of the most important steps in analyzing the texts in big data is natural language processing for institutions and organizations investing in big data technologies. With the natural language processing, many works can be done that can benefit people such as automatic translation of written documents, question-answer machines, automatic speech and command understanding, speech synthesis, speech generation, automatic text summarization and information retrieval. With the current study structure, the data processing times are also getting longer with the growth of the data. This prevents the systems to respond in the desired time and adequacy. In this study, a developed system is explained to complete the preprocessing and feature extraction phases more quickly in natural language processing process. The system which are running in web environment, movie comments are used as a data set that are downloaded from Internet Movie Database (IMDB). Data were transferred to NOSQL and relational databases in preprocessing and feature extraction stages, and transmission times were recorded at various processing stages. The most suitable database system for the natural language processing process has been revealed by comparing the durations between the databases.

Keywords: big data, natural language processing, nosql database


130 Abstract Book

THE ROLE OF UPPER ZONE OF GROWTH PLATE AND CARTILAGE MATRIX-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (UCMA) IN OSTEOARTHRITIS PATHOGENESIS

Hamza Malik Okuyan Mustafa Kemal University

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease. OA causes physical disability and severe pain as well as a tremendous socioeconomic burden. In recent years, many molecules that play a role in the pathogenesis of OA have been discovered, some of which may be have strong therapeutic target for OA. UCMA (Upper zone of growth plate and cartilage matrix associated protein)/GRP (Gla rich protein) has recently been defined as a novel vitamin-K-dependent protein and its function is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to review recent research into the potential role of UCMA in OA pathogenesis. All related and recent literature in the field of UCMA and OA was reviewed. A systematic search was performed in the electronic database (PubMed) using the following terms in all possible combinations: 'UCMA' or 'GRP' or 'Osteoarthritis'. For the first time, UCMA has been discovered in the cartilage of a 'Sturgeon' fish. New research suggests that UCMA is actively involved in the molecular pathogenesis of OA. UCMA expression is upregulated in OA cartilage and UCMA may have the chondroprotective effect. It is considered that UCMA is mostly expressed in chondrocytes, but it is not a specific protein to the cartilage. UCMA is associated with promoting subchondral bone turnover. Recent studies show that UCMA may have a role in the calcification and inflammation processes in OA. However, UCMA-deficient mice did not reveal any alterations in skeleton development. In conclusion, UCMA might be a promising molecular target for OA prevention and therapy.

Keywords: osteoarthritis, cartilage, subchondral bone, ucma


131 Abstract Book

COLLABORATIVE TEACHING OF FC: A SAMPLE STUDY

Mehmet Urfa National Defence University

Gürhan Durak Balıkesir University

Ufuk Taylan Ministry of National Education

This study aims to present collaborative preparation of the Flipped Classroom (FC) model, development of course materials and application of the model. Different from the traditional method, the FC model, frequently mentioned in related literature in recent years, requires exchange of homework assignments and in-class activities. In order to use this model effectively and efficiently, a variety of materials were prepared for 11 weeks, and the in-class activities were carried out in a collaborative way. When studies in related literature are examined, it is seen that the FC model should not be used alone and that collaborative learning activities should be embedded into FC to provide more active environment for learners. Consequently, it is thought that this study, in which FC model is applied collaboratively, will be an important reference for future studies in terms of the structure of the courses.

Keywords: flipped classroom model, scientific ethics, collaborative learning

A COMPARISON OF ECHO HIDING METHODS

Kadir Tekeli Adnan Menderes University

Rıfat Aşlıyan Adnan Menderes University

Echo-based data hiding algorithms are known to be very popular in audio watermarking research. In this study, several echo kernels such as single, bipolar, backward-forward, bipolar backward-forward and time-spread, which are coded in Matlab, are compared in terms of robustness against mp3 compression, imperceptibility and capacity. Mixer signals with sinusoidal smoothing are used to improve imperceptibility. All kernels are tested on the same audio database for a fair comparison. Importance of parameters is discussed during comparison. Results show that bipolar backward-forward echo kernel is more robust against compression and gives a higher SNR (Sample-to-Noise Ratio).

Keywords: audio steganography, watermarking, echo hiding


132 Abstract Book

APPLICATION OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM MODEL IN TEACHING SCIENTIFIC ETHICS COURSE


Gürhan Durak Balikesir University


This study aims to present students' views about a recently popular application of the Flipped Classroom (FC) model, in which different from traditional methods, homework and classroom activities are exchanged. The study was conducted with 24 students within the scope of the Scientific Ethics course in the department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies in 11 weeks in 2016. The research data were collected form semi-structured observations and interviews and analyzed in the framework of Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory. In this respect, it is important to determine the difficulties in applying FC model and to identify the learners' views about the model and effectiveness of the model. The results of the study revealed that (1) the participants had positive attitudes towards cooperative learning in the Scientific Ethics course with FC model; (2) that the model increased the participants' motivation; (3) that it should be disseminated; and (4) that the participants intended to use this model in their future profession.

Keywords: scientific ethics, flipped classroom model


133 Abstract Book

THE IMPACT OF VOSCREEN ON UDERGRADUTE STUDENTS' FOREIGN LANGUAGE LISTENING SKILLS




This study aims to investigate the influence of Web 2.0 tool VoScreen on undergraduate students' levels of foreign language listening. In the study, 94 volunteering students were given training for 8 weeks. The research data were collected via pre- and post-tests, an anxiety scale for learning English, interviews and focus group interviews. The data were interpreted according to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory. The study is thought to be important for undergraduate students since it tried to demonstrate their foreign language listening skills and their attitudes towards foreign learning English by using VoScreen.

Keywords: voscreen, English language teaching, web 2.0, listening skill

A NEW PERSPECTIVE AT FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION: VOSCREEN




This study aims to examine the VoScreen application, which has been widely used in foreign language teaching in recent years. VoScreen is a WEB 2.0 tool based on the gamification method, and its mobile application is available as well. The VoScreen application is used in 74 countries, and it has over 1.7 million users. It includes videos including daily life conversations which last 15 seconds at most at various levels and in different categories. Recent studies have demonstrated that the application helps students increase their foreign language proficiency level and motivation. With the use of this application for different sample groups, future studies could investigate to what extent it will be influential on students’ foreign language levels taking other variables into account.

Keywords: voscreen, english language education, web 2.0


134 Abstract Book

ADSORBENTS BASED ON A NOVEL AZOMETHINE FUNCTIONALIZED ORDERED MESOPOROUS SILICA WITH TUNABLE MORPHOLOGIES FOR DYES AND HEAVY

METAL IONS REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Emel Ermiş Anadolu University

In this present work, an efficient and facile nonpolar solvent-assisted Stober method has been used to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica materials with tunable pore size and diverse morphologies by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica precursor in a simple aqueous-phase synthesis system1. By simply changing the amount of n-hexane and ammonia−water in the system, ordered mesoporous silica with various morphologies such as nanospheres (MSNS) and nanocubes (MSNC), pore sizes of 7.32−5.32 nm, a high surface area of 878.60-903.85 m2/g, and a large pore volume of 0.79-0.91 cm3/g are synthesized, respectively. Surface morphology of the synthesized MSNS and MSNC silica materials was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of MSNS and MSNC were successfully modified with novel azomethine compounds. The novel azomethine compounds and modified MSNS and MSNC were characterized by 1H-13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The modified MSNS and MSNC were used as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The results of adsorption studies showed that MSNS, MSNC, modified MSNS and modified MSNC can be effectively used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Scheme 1. Synthesis of azomethine modified MSNS and MSNC.

Keywords: stöber method, mesoporous silica, azomethine modified silica nanocubes, adsorption


135 Abstract Book

IDENTIFICATION OF LINEAMENTS IN TRABZON BY USING GRAVITY DATA

Ali Elmas Karadeniz Teknik University

The aim of this study is to define the lineaments using gravity data in Trabzon. For this purpose, horizontal gradient magnitude, analytic signal, tilt angle, and hyperbolic of tilt angle techniques were operated. These techniques were applied to the first vertical derivative of the regional gravity data. The basement topography was calculated using the Parker-Oldenburg algorithm. Identified fault-related geological structures were compared with the existing faults in the region. Although there is a good agreement between this study and the previous studies, some new fault-related structures were also identified. There is a significant relationship among the distribution of the fault-related geological structures, mineral deposits, and also earthquake epicenters in the region. It is believed that the results of the study may be a guide to the search for new mineral deposits and the identification of risky locations for earthquakes.

Keywords: analytic signal, tilt angle, hyperbolic of tilt angle, Trabzon and vicinity, horizontal gradient derivative

DETERMINATION OF DISCONTINUITIES IN CYPRUS BY USING GRAVITY DATA

Ali Elmas Karadeniz Teknik University

Horizontal gradient magnitude and tilt angle techniques were operated to define the discontinuities using gravity data in Cyprus Island. By applying these techniques to the first vertical derivative of the regional gravity data, the discontinuities were identified from maximum amplitude values with horizontal gradient magnitude, and zero amplitude values of the tilt angle maps for this region. Also, the basement topography was calculated using the Parker-Oldenburg inversion algorithm. Some new discontinuities were also identified. It is believed that the results of the study may be a guide to the search for new mineral deposits and the identification of risky locations for earthquakes.

Keywords: horizontal gradient derivative, tilt angle, Cyprus island, first vertical derivative, structural discontinuity


136 Abstract Book

ON-LINE PRECONCENTRATION OF PD(II) USING POLYAMINE SILICA GEL FILLED MINICOLUMN FOR FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY

Sezen Sivrikaya Duzce University

Bülent Karslı Sakarya University

Mustafa Imamoglu Sakarya University

The modified silica gel with polyamine group was used for the on-line preconcentration and adsorption of Pd(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Pd(II) uptake properties of the polyamine silica was studied batchwise by investigating acidity and chloride concentration of sample solution, contact time and equilibrium of Pd(II) ions. Pd(II) adsorption capacity was found to be 158.73 mg/g from sample solution containing 0.1 M HCl. Then, on-line preconcentration of Pd(II) was optimized with main analytical parameters including sample and eluent flow rate, eluent type and volume and matrix ions. The preconcentration factor and sampling frequency were calculated to be 23.9 and 60 seconds, respectively. The calibration graph was linear over the range 10-200 µg L-1 under the optimum conditions. The limits of detection (3σ) and quantification (10σ) values were computed to be 3 µg L-1and 10 µg L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the developed method was successfully checked by determination of Pd level of certified reference material platinum ore (SARM 7B). The proposed method was successfully applied for palladium determination in various environmental water samples such as river, lake, sea and tap water and auto catalyst.

Keywords: on-line preconcentration, solid phase extraction, flame atomic absorption spectrometry


137 Abstract Book

HOSPITAL LOCATION SELECTION WITH ARAS-G

Halil Şen Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

The facility location selection is one of the most important decisions for investors and entrepreneurs. It is a strategic issue besides often decides the fate of such a facility. In this kind of strategic decisions, decision makers should take into account various objectives and criteria and the process of location selection is inherently complicated. Hospital location selection problem is an important issue in terms of location selection problem. Hospital location selection plays a vital role in the hospital construction and management. From aspect of the government, appropriate hospital location selection will help optimize the allocation of medical resources, matching the provision of health care with the social and economic demands, coordinating the urban and rural health service development, and easing social contradictions. From aspect of the citizen, proper hospital location selection will improve access to the health care, reduce the time of rescue, satisfy people’s medical needs as well as enhance the quality of life. From the aspect of the investors and operators of the hospital, optimum hospital location selection will definitely be cost saving on capital strategy. This paper considers the hospital location selection for a new public hospital by using an additive ratio assessment method with gray values (ARAS-G). Analysis of the locations by ARAS-G method allows determining value of locations' in compared with the optimal location. As a result, the closest location to the optimal location was selected using this method.

Keywords: location selection, multi criteria decision making, additive ratio assessment method, gray values


138 Abstract Book

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY: ENGINEERING FACULTY

Ayşe Tansu Cyprus International University

Haitam Mohammed Ahmed Hashem Cyprus International University

A global demand for quality products and services has placed quality assurance to the forefront. The same way quality is realized as a determining factor for the survival of a product. Quality is also a significant index in ranking every higher institution. Quality education system captures the institution management approach in running the affairs of the University. Quality is one of the most important attribute for customer satisfaction in every sector; as an example of poor quality is an airline that has lost a passenger’s luggage, a dry cleaner that left clothes wrinkled or stained; a packaged product whose content is found damaged or broken, a completed project whose design is not found in good conformance to customer’s specifications. Progressively in the same line of thought, poor quality in the educational sector could be inappropriate or poor course offering and scheduling at the higher institution of learning. This research work is inclined to initiate quality measures and the concept of quality management into the academic sector with special concentration on Cyprus International University, Engineering Faculty. At the implementation of this research work, it would be able to model an information system that depicts the present and expected level of quality education obtainable in Cyprus International University, Engineering Faculty. The questioner is applied Engineering Faculty academic staff and engineering faculty students at the same time. The statistical analysis is performed based on five categories, IT Compliance and Relevance Level; Plight for Improvement; Management Pattern and Process Monitoring; Student Attitude, Awareness and Feedback; Games and Social Activities. The research conclusion was majorly based on opinions from the respondent with respect to the institution management approach and perceived standard education.

Keywords: quality, education


139 Abstract Book

POSS BASED POLYCAPROLACTONE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Pınar Demir Fırat University

İlknur Yırtar Düşükcan Fırat University

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are a special class of nanosized cage-type structures, derived from hydrolysis and condensation of trifunctional organosilanes with a formula of [RSiO3/2]n (n: even integer from 6 to 12), and where R are various types of organic groups [1]. POSS is an inorganic organic moiety easily incorporated into polymeric architectures to alter their physical and chemical properties[2]. PCL is a linear polyester, which has attracted an increasing interest in recent decades, due to its biodegradability and suitability for biomedical applications [3-5]. We synthesized a series of the organic/inorganic hybrid lineer PCLs through coordinated ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone using 3-hydroxypropyl heptaizobutyl- POSS (OH-POSS) as the initiator [6]. All polymers characterized with FT-IR, IH-NMR. Thermal properties of polymers determined TGA and DSC. Modulus of elasticity (Et), tensile strength (rM), strain at break (eB) as well as flexural modulus (Ef) and stress at 3.5% strain (rf) were determined.

Keywords: poss, pcl, mechanical properties, characterization

References: [1] Y.H. Liu, K. Zeng, S.X. Zheng, React. Funct. Polym. 67 (2007) 627. [2] Li, G.; Wang, L.; Ni, H.; Pittman, C. U., Jr. J. Organomet. Polym. 2001, 11, 123–154. [3] Woodruff M.A, Hutmacher D.W. The return of a forgotten polymer-Polycaprolactone in the 21st century. Progress in Polymer Science 2010, 35, 1217–1256. [4] Koutroumanis K.P, Holdich R.H, Georgiadou S. Synthesis and micellization of a pH sensitive diblock copolymer for drug delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics 2013, 455 (1), 5-13. [5] Laouini A, Koutroumanis K.P, Charcosset C, Georgiadou S, Fessi H, Holdich R.H, Vladisavljevic G.T. pH-sensitive micelles for targeted drug delivery prepared using a novel membrane contactor method. ACS applied materials & interfaces 2013, 5 (18), 8939-8947. [6] Chan SC, Kuo SW, Chang FC. Synthesis of the organic–inorganic hybrid star polymers and their inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. Macromolecules 2005;38:3099–107.


140 Abstract Book

A CASE STUDY ON 3D NONLINEAR ANALYSES OF A CLAY-CORE DAM

Ayşe Bengü Sünbül Bulent Ecevit University

Murat Çavuşli Bulent Ecevit University

Murat Emre Kartal İzmir Demokrasi University

Fatih Sünbül Ulster University

Clay core (CC) dams are commonly used and the chosen model in dam construction due to their low cost and rapid construction advantages; morevover playing a key role in national water and power management systems. In terms of large water reservoir impoundment behind a high dam, they include a risk to the public, in case of an earthquake, especially for urban areas. Therefore, the stability of dam embankment and analysing seismic safety is of great concern to geotechnical engineers. In fact, these analyses are complex issues which concern both elastic and dynamic effects on the influence of the seismic response to real earthquake records. The objective of this study is to evaluate the three dimensional static and dynamic degrading behaviour of a CC dam through using the finite difference method (FLAC3D software). The static part of analysis considers the layered construction, reservoir impoundment and vertical displacement whereas, the dynamic part considers the response of the dam to real earthquake recording which represents the typical measures of a peak acceleration (PGA) of the study area. Dams should be designed in considering an extreme earthquake with maximum intensity values. In this view of this, we have investigated the 3D non-linear seismic behaviour of a CC dam subjected to the 1999 Mw 7.1 Duzce earthquake and this is consistent with the idea of an extreme earthquake of about maximum intensity in structural seismic response analysis. The mechanical behavior of the dam material was described using the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. Dynamic analyses of the model are performed and the dam behaviour and possible failure phenomena presented. Discussions and comparisons between the non-linear simulationn results and existing parameters are expressed.

Keywords: clay core dam, static and dynamic non-linear analyses, flac3d software, mohr-coulomb failure, mw 7.1 duzce earthquake


141 Abstract Book

ABRASIVE WEAR PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYESTER COMPOSITES

Erol Feyzullahoğlu University of Kocaeli

Composites are usually used because of their evident features such as low density, high rigidity and high strength. Polymeric materials are commonly reinforced with synthetic fibers. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester (GFRP) composite materials are used in different applications such as aviation, space, defense, automotive, agriculture, marine etc. for manufacturing different parts nowadays. The different filler materials are used in manufacturing of glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) composites. GFRP parts can be worn because of relative motion of contact surfaces. Wear resistance is an important factor which influences the working life of GFRP products. As the wear is important, the numerous scientific work are researched to prevent and decrease wear. The aim of this study is investigation of effects of different filler materials on abrasive wear properties of GFRP. In this experimental study, Polymetilmetacrilat (PMMA), Glass beads (GB) and Glass sand (GS) were used as filler material in GFRP composite samples. In this experimental study, GFRP samples were produced by hot-compression molding at 140°C, 150bar for 3min. Abrasion tests were performed to determine tribological properties of samples. The abrasive wear behaviors of samples were carried out using DIN Abrasion Resistance Tester. In abrasion tester, the sample was pushed against to rotating drum with a specific force (2,5N) and the rotating drum was covered with an alumina sand paper (#60 grid). The diameter of drum was 150mm and was rotated at 40rpm. The sliding distance was 40m in wear test. The volume loss and wear rate values of samples were calculated according to test results. The Barcol hardness values of samples were measured. The densities of samples were measured. Results show that the abrasive wear resistance of PMMA filled GFRP composite samples was much more than non-filled, GB and GS filled GFRP composite samples.

Keywords: abrasive wear, glass fiber, polyester, filler materials


142 Abstract Book

INVESTIGATION OF SOLAR ASSISTED HEAT PUMPS' PERFORMANCE IN DIFFERENT CAPACITY

Gülşah Karaca Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Tolga Ural Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Ali Keçebaş Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Interest in renewable energy sources is growing when economic values such as air pollution, climate change and external dependency on the environment are considered in the process of depletion of fossil fuels. Despite of energy supply security ensuring thanks to availability of renewable energy resources, they cannot respond instantly. Therefore, they are used together with non-polluting or electricity sources such as electricity. In this study, the number of planar solar collectors was changed between 2 and 10, and the coverage ratio of the solar energy in the heating system, coefficient of the performance and the performance factor of the system were examined via POLYSUN simulation program.

Keywords: air source heat pump, planar solar collector, cop, spf


143 Abstract Book

AN APPROXIMATE COMPUTING METHOD IN MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION

Refail Kasimbeyli Anadolu University

Behnam Soleimani Martin - Luter University

Gurkan Ozturk Anadolu University

In this paper, a method for computing the efficient set of nonconvex multiobjective optimization problems, is presented. The suggested method computes efficient and properly efficient elements corresponding to the given set of weights and the given reference point. To compute the efficient elements corresponding to the given set of weights and the given reference point at every iteration, the conic scalarization and the Pascoletti-Serafini methods are used. The convergence of the proposed method is proven, and it is shown that the method terminates in a finite number of steps for a given error accuracy, and the resulting set generated by this method, approximates the efficient set for the given problem. The method is illustrated on numerical examples.

Keywords: multiobjective optimization, conic scalarization method, nonconvex optimization

DFT MODELING AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ASSESSMENT OF INHIBITION PERFORMANCE OF SOME CARBOHYDRAZIDE SCHIFF BASES FOR STEEL CORROSION

Burak Tüzün Cumhuriyet University

Savaş Kaya Cumhuriyet University

DFT and Monte Carlo simulation were performed on three Schiff bases namely, 4-(4-bromophenyl)-Nı-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazole-2-carbohydrazide (BMTC), 4-(4-bromophenyl)-Nı-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)thiazole-2-carbohydrazide (BDTC), 4-(4-bromophenyl)-Nı-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)thiazole-2-carbohydrazide (BHTC) recently studied as corrosion inhibitor for steel in acid medium. Electronic parameters relevant to their inhibition activity such asEHOMO,ELUMO, Energy gap (DE), hardness (n), softness (r), the absolute electronegativity (x), proton affinity(PA)and nucleophilicity (w) etc., were computed and discussed. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to search for the most stable configuration and adsorption energies for the interaction of the inhibitors with Fe (110) surface. The theoretical data obtained are in most cases in agreement with experimental results.

Keywords: alloy, modeling studies, acid inhibition, monte carlo simulations


144 Abstract Book

GROWTH INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTS OF WASTE RICE HUSK IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES ON VARIOUS TUMOR CELLS

Gozde Budak Kocaeli University

Esra Ilhan Ege University

Sultan Gulce-Iz Ege University

Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas Ege University

Canan Sevimli-Gur Kocaeli University

Waste lignocellulosic biomass rice husk is abundantly found in our country. Since it has various biological activities with a content of polyphenol, flavonoid, oil and protein, interest in its usage in medical, pharmaceutical and food industries is increasing day by day. In this study, the main objectives are to characterize rice husk protein extracts obtained using high pressure hot water, and to encapsulate the extracts with chitosan using ionic gelation method. In order to eliminate the low stability of proteins and to increase their bioavailability, the protein extracts are encapsulated with chitosan. In this context, particle size distributions were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, the lowest particle size was 171.6nm (PDI 0.346) and its encapsulation efficiency was 65%. Cytotoxic activity of chitosan nanoparticles containing rice husk protein extracts has been investigated in A549 (human, lung, carcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (human, breast, adenocarsinoma), MCF-7 (human, breast, adenocarcinoma), Vero (African, green monkey, kidney) cell lines within six concentrations ranging between 3.12 and 100Î¼g/ml for 48 hours using MTT assay. Chitosan nanoparticles exhibited the highest cytotoxicity particularly on human lung carcinoma (A569) cells among three different cancer cell lines tested and was not cytotoxic to the normal Vero cells. The lowest cell viability has been seen as 41% at 3.13Î¼g/ml with A549.

Keywords: waste rice husk, high pressure hot water extraction, chitosan nanoparticles, dsc, ftır, sem, cytotoxic activity, tumor cells


145 Abstract Book

ANTITUMOROGENIC ACTIVITIES OF BLUEBERRY WATER AND ACETONE EXTRACTS ENCAPSULATED WITH CHITOSAN ON DIFFERENT CANCER CELLS

Aslihan Kazan Ege University



Nurhan Tugut Dunford Oklahoma State University

Blueberries are rich in anthocyanins. Short shelf life of fresh blueberries and chemical instability of anthocyanins make the handling of blueberries very challenging. Hence, the objectives of this study are to characterize anthocyanin contents of blueberry water and acetone extracts and to encapsulate the extracts with chitosan. The encapsulated material was analyzed for its particle size distribution, thermal characteristics, and efficacy to reduce cancer cell proliferation. The solvent type had a significant effect on the yield and chemical composition of the blueberry extracts. The effect of the blueberry extracts on cancer cell lines was dose-dependent and varied with the cell type and the composition of the extract. The lowest IC50 values were achieved with the water extract obtained at 22 °C, 8.2, and 8.4 μg/mL extract for human lung carcinoma (A549) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), respectively. The data reported in this study are essential for designing experiments to further examine the mechanism of the effect of the blueberry extracts on cancer cells.

Keywords: blueberry extract encapsulation, anthocyanin, water extraction, cancer cell viability

Note: We would like to thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), The Scientific Research Council of Kocaeli University (KOU-BAP-2016-081) and Sabbatical Leave Program, for the funding provided to N.T. Dunford.


146 Abstract Book

CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF A NEW MESOPOROUS SILICA CARRIER SYNTHESIS WITH SOL GEL TECHNIQUE IN BRAIN TUMOR CELLS


Cansu Pala Ege University

Emel Oyku Cetin-Uyanikgil Ege University


Mesoporous silica carriers are emerging as therapeutic drug delivery systems. The objective of this study was to develop a formulation for synthesizing silica-PAMAM dendrimer hybrid nanoparticles with sol gel technique. Subsequently, black carrot anthocyanins were encapsulated and investigated for their capability in terms of inhibiting the proliferative effects of neuroblastoma (Neuro 2A). In this context, particle size distributions were ascertained followed by thermal analysis (DSC), scanning electron microscopy and encapsulation efficiency. Subsequently, in vitro release kinetics was determined along with cytotoxicity of empty and anthocyanin doped hybrid nanoparticles. The lowest particle size was 134.8 nm with a zeta potential of ş19.78 mV which enhanced electrostatic interaction with the cell membrane in the cytotoxicity analyses. As the anthocyanin content was totally released at the end of 6 days, the cytotoxicity was observed for 134 h, reaching an inhibition of 87.9%. On the other hand, Neuro 2A cells incubated with empty nanoparticles exhibited a high proliferation indicating that hybrid nanoparticles were not toxic to the cells and the inhibitory effect was associated with the anthocyanins.

Keywords: nanoparticle, sol-gel, dendrimer, neuro 2a, cytotoxicity, ın vitro release profile

Note: We would like to thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK (113M196) and The Scientific Research Council of Kocaeli University (KOU-BAP-2016-081).


147 Abstract Book

DETERMINATION OF TRACE CD AND SN CONTENT IN CANNED FOODS AND VEGETABLE SAMPLES USING MICROEXTRACTION COUPLED WITH FLAME ATOMIC

ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY

Adil Elik Cumhuriyet University

Ramazan Gürkan Cumhuriyet University

Nail Altunay Cumhuriyet University

In the study, a vortex-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-IL-DLLME) procedure has been developed for the determination trace amounts of Pb and Sn in vegetable samples by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Pb(IV) and Sn(IV) ions were complexed with 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (Pyrogallol) at pH 5.0. The hydrophobic ternary complexes containing analytes formed in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as auxiliary ligand were extracted from the sample into a 150 μL volume of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6) by the assistance of vortex agitator. Parameters such as pH, amount of IL and chelating ligand, sample volume, dispersive solvent amount, vortex time and rate, as well as effects of interfering species were optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions, the limits of detection (three times the standard deviation of the blank) were 0.03 µg L−1 with linear range of 0.1-250 µg L−1 for Pb(IV), and 0.18 µg L−1 with linear range of 0.5-180 µg L−1 for Sn(IV). And standard deviations range from 2.8 to 4.9% (n =8). The enrichment factors for Pb and Sn were 85 and 103, respectively. Validation of the proposed method was checked analysis by certified reference material (CRM) and spiked samples. The method was successfully applied to several matrices such as canned food and vegetable samples using standard addition. In addition, three canned foods and five vegetable samples were analyzed and avarage concentrations of them, respectively were found as Pb; 145.7±5, Sn; 12.7±1 µg kg−1 and as Pb; 85.3±4, Sn; 121.4±6 µg kg−1.

Keywords: lead, tin, microextraction, green chemistry, canned food, vegetables, flame atomic absorption spectrometry


148 Abstract Book

SEPARATION AND PRECONCENTRATION OF CU, NI AND FE WITH VORTEX ASSISTED MICROEXTRACTION METHOD AND THEIR DETERMINATION IN FOOD AND

VEGETABLE SAMPLES

Nail Altunay Cumhuriyet Universty

Adil Elik Cumhuriyet Universty

Ramazan Gürkan Cumhuriyet Universty

Transition metal composition of environmental samples is of interest because of their essential or toxic nature. The accurate and precise determination of these ions is one of the main challenges of analytical chemists. In this study, total Cu, Ni and Fe were determined in some food and vegetable samples after development vortex assisted microextraction procedure using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) ions were complexed with hydroxynaphthol blue at pH 4.5. These complexes that formed later were pulled to the ionic phase with the help of vortex. Effects of some analytical parameter including pH, sample volume, reagent amount, vortex rate and time, etc. on the proposed microextraction system were studied for the quantitative recoveries of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) ions. The influences of matrix ions were examined. The detection limits for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) were 0.03, 0.02, and 0.8µg per liter, respectively. Enrichment factors for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) were 88, 130, and 105, respectively. Relative standard deviation was 4%. NIST SRM 1515 Apple leaves and GBW-07605 Tea certified reference materials were used to confirm the accuracy of the method. The present method was successfully applied to the analysis of these metal ions in food and vegetable samples.

Keywords: fe, cu, ni, vortex assisted microextraction, vegetables, flame atomic absorption spectrometry


149 Abstract Book

DETERMINATION OF PHILOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP BY PFGE AND PHYLOGENETIC GROUP BY TRIPLEX PCR IN VIRULENCE FACTORS-DEFINED EXPEC STRAINS

Cansu Önlen Güneri Correspond

Suna Kızılyıldırım Assistant Researcher

Başak Bedir Assistant Researcher

Fatih Köksal Researcher

Escherichia coli (E.coli) is one of the most common microorganisms in human intestinal microbiota. This bacteria in the normal flora of the colon becomes a serious pathogen causing morbidity through the acquisition of genes encoding virulence factors inside intestine and outside the intestinal tract as well as resulting in the cost of treatment. Pathogenic E.coli types are generally divided as diarrhaegenic and extraintestinal E.coli (ExPEC). ExPEC diffrent from commensal E.coli in terms of virulence factors. Virulence factorsused in the study were two important factors/toxin, (Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor (CNF) Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT)) that are responsible for cell death and host cell adhesion-invasion. The possible phylogenetic relationship of virulent E.coli strains is very important in terms of determining the source of infection. It was studied with virulence factors-defined 156 ExPEC strains. These 156 ExPEC strains were found to be distributed in 106 large clusters that is the highest of which consisted of 5 member according to 80% similarity level and 128 large clusters that is the highest of which consisted of 3 members to 85% similarity level by Xbal PFGE (Pulsed Field Gel Electroforesis). Phylogenetic analysis showed that E. coli divided 4 groups (A, B1, B2, D). Virulent ExPEC primarily related to groups B2 (60.8%) and D (30,7%) by Triplex PCR. Different strains of E.coli in terms of evolution have led to conclusion that have acquired ExPEC properties by acquiring different virulence genes resulting in deletion, recombination mutations and It is thought that infections caused by these strains was more likely community-acquired rather than hospital-acquired. Commensal E.coli mostly related to groups A, B1 whereas Non-commensal E.coli primarily related to groups B2 and D.

Keywords: pfge, pcr, virulence genes, e.coli


150 Abstract Book

ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATION IN MICROBIAL ELECTROLYSIS CELLS AT HYPERTHERMOPHILIC TEMPERATURES

Yasemin Yilmazel Rochester Institute of Technology

Few microorganisms have been examined for current generation under thermophilic conditions (40-65 oC) in microbial electrochemical systems and no studies have reported electricity production by archaea at hyperthermophilic temperatures (65-80 oC). Two iron-reducing archaea from were shown to be able to generate current at hyperthermophilic temperatures in single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), with one species producing 0.68 Â± 0.11 A/m2 at 85 oC, and the other producing 0.57 Â± 0.10 A/m2 at 80 oC, with an applied voltage of 0.7 V. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that both strains produced a sigmoidal catalytic wave, with a mid-point potential of -0.39 V and -0.37 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The comparison between CV signals generated by spent medium and turnover CV coupled with the detection of peaks at the same potentials in both turnover and non-turnover conditions suggested that mediators were not used for electron transfer and that both archaea produced current through direct contact with the electrode. These two archaeal species, and other hyperthermophilic exoelectrogens, could be useful for improving and widening applications of microbial electrochemical technologies for producing biofuels and other bioelectrochemical products under extreme environmental conditions.

Keywords: bioelectrochemical cells, hyperthermophilic, biofuels

CORROSION AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Semra Bilgiç Ankara University

Generally, corrosion can be defined as the deteoration of metals and alloys due to the interaction of chemical and electrochemical with their environment. We can see the many examples of corrosion in our environment. The rust on the iron, darkness on silver, the formation of green patina on copper and brass can be given as a few samples. Corrosion is an important both academically and economically undesirable phenomenon. Corrosion wastes our sources and products, the production is stopped by corrosion and causes several accidents. The economic losses caused by corrosion in a country are determined as 3.5-5.0% of gross national product (GNP) of a country. In addition, it is predicted that the twenty percent of iron produced is lost by corrosionevery year.

Keywords: corrosion, , its importance , economic losses


151 Abstract Book

A COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION ON THE DYNAMICS OF SHALLOW WATER WAVES

Turgut Ak Yalova University

S. Battal Gazi Karakoc Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University

The dynamics of shallow water waves has been an active research area for the past several decades. In this context, there are several models that govern this wave flow. In this study, finite element method based on B-spline interpolation functions are successfully applied to Korteweg-de Vries equation with power law nonlinearity to examine the motion of a single solitary wave whose analytical solution is known. The stability analysis is also carried out for these waves. Also, evolution of solitons is studied with Gaussian and undular bore initial conditions.

Keywords: kdv equation, finite element method, shallow water waves

NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR SHALLOW WATER WAVES WITH IMPROVED KORTEWEG-DE VRIES EQUATION

Turgut Ak Yalova University

S. Battal Gazi Karakoc Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University

The dynamics of shallow water wave flow is studied with several models. KdV equation is the most popular model that is frequently visible in the literature. This study revisits another form of KdV equation that is referred to as improved KdV (IKdV) equation. This contains an additional dispersion term apart from the usual third order dispersion. It is the spatio-temporal dispersion. Anumerical treatment of the IKdV equation is introduced using finite element method based on B-spline functions. To examine the performance of the scheme, two test problems consisting motion of single solitary wave and interation of two solitary waves are investigated. Also, stability analysis is studied. Finally, the presented method can be reliably applied to similar types of non-linear problems.

Keywords: kdv equation, finite element method, shallow water


152 Abstract Book

EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF A HOSPITAL BUILDING CONSIDERING FIXED AND ISOLATED BASE

Barış Sevim Yildiz Technical University

Ezgi Sevim Yildiz Technical University

Buildings have been started to design considering no damage with the recent development on the technology. The name of the technology is seismic isolation systems. In such a technology, seismic isolators such elastomeric bearings are placed to base of buildings. The main properties of these systems are to be have high rigidity in vertical direction and low rigidity in horizontal direction. The main aim of these system are to increase the period of building and to decrease the horizontal loads such as earthquakes. Due to low rigidity in horizontal direction the buildings move to motion direction during an earthquake. So earthquake energy is absorbed by the isolators and the building do not damage. In this study, it is aimed to see the effects of seismic isolators on the response of a reinforced concrete hospital building. The hospital building is firstly designed as fixed base according to Turkish Seismic Code 2007 considering frame-shear wall structural system. Then earthquake response of the system are investigated under an earthquake. The 3 d finite element modeling and analyses are performed in SAP2000 software. Then the similar studies are performed for only frame system with the same building and geometry. Lastly, seismic isolators are placed to this frame system and analyses are performed again. After analyses, acceleration, shear force and displacement changes are examined and evaluated. The analyses results obtained from three models are presented as graphs and contour diagrams. The results showed that the isolators are importantly affected the structural response of the building.

Keywords: earthquake response, frame-shear wall systems, hospital building, reinforced concrete, seismic isolators


153 Abstract Book

PREVALENCE AND CIRCULATING GENOTYPES OF PARVOVIRUS B19 AMONG ADULT SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS AND BLOOD DONORS IN BAHRAIN

J Alawi University of Bahrain

Parvovirus (PV) is a single-stranded DNA virus with a non-enveloped nucleus having a size of 18-26nm. It comprise 60 structural proteins which are of two types. PV B19 transmits through respiratory droplets or blood transfusion but some nosocomial infections also give a chance to PV B19 for causing an infection. The study was particularly conducted on Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) patients and focuses on the determination of parvovirus among Bahraini population by relying on their clinical status. Three groups have been taken for the serological study of PV B19. Moreover, around 100 healthy blood donors were taken in which both the males and females were included. However, samples were taken from the emergency unit of Salmania Medical Complex (SMC) and Ibrahim Khalil Kano Center (IKKC). It is a cohort study based on total 250 people among which 150 were SCA patients, and 100 were healthy individuals. The findings reveal that approximately 40% patients suffered from VOC whereas, only 20% were detected in SCA patients with Non-Vaso-Occlusive Crises (NVOC). It was observed that the percentages were relatively same in both the male and female groups i.e. 33.2%. The percentage for the control group was 33.6 % in which 84 males and 16 females were included. Parvovirus is a pathogenic virus and sometimes considered as life-threatening specifically for those individuals who have SCA due to which a risk of transient aplastic crisis increases. This virus is only associated with those patients who have some haematological disorders such as haemolytic anaemia and erythro-cytopenia. It is observed that just because of inappropriate features of testing the risk of PV B19 infection can increase. An effective screening test must be performed in the future to reduce the risk of PV B19 infection.

Keywords: parvovirus b19, sickle cell anemia, prevalence, genotype


154 Abstract Book

PROTECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF VITAMIN E ON OXIDATIVE STRESS INCLUDED WITH DELTAMETHRIN

Haci Ahmet Deveci Gaziantep University

Gokhan Nur Gaziantep University

Izzettin Guler Gaziantep University

Mehmet Ozaslan Gaziantep University

Deltamethrin is an insecticide from the α-cyano pyrethroid class, which has a high kill effect on flies. In agricultural activities, it is used against product quantity and quality loss. In our study, control, deltamethrin (DM) and deltamethrin + Vitamin-E groups were formed in 8 rats in each group. The control group was orally administered dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To the deltamethrin group, 5 mg / kg of deltamethrin dissolved in DMSO was administered intragastrically. To the deltamethrin + Vitamin-E group, first vitamin-E 120 mg / kg dose was administered intragastrically After 1 hour, the deltamethrin 5 mg / kg dose was administered intragastrically. In all groups the applications were maintained for 30 days . Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under ketamine / xylazine anesthesia and their blood was taken intracardiac. Total antioxidant, total oxidant and total sialic acid levels were measured in the obtained plasma samples. Following appropriate procedures, preparations from the liver were examined by light microscopy for histological evaluation. Compared to the control group, antioxidant activity decreased and oxidant activity and total sialic acid levels increased in the deltamethrin group. In the Deltamethrin + vitamin-E group, the biochemical parametres approached the control group levels compared to the deltamethrin group. Histopathological examination of the preparations revealed congestion in the control group, in the deltamethrin group revealed congestion and cell infiltrations. Similar lesions were detected in the deltamethrin + vitamin-E group. Vitamin-E administration against deltamethrin toxicity was found to be partly ameliorative to the toxic effect of insecticide.

Keywords: deltamethrin, vitamin-e, histopathology, sialic acid, total oxidant / total antioxidant level


155 Abstract Book

USE OF POPULAR SCIENCE MATERIALS FOR TEACHING PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY

Franciscisco Gallego Lupianez Universidad Complutense

We describe an experience of use of popular science articles, books and posters, for university teaching of Projective Geometry for undergraduate students. In undergraduate studies in Mathematics, in Spain, from time immemorial, there is a required course on Projective Geometry, which is a compulsory subject for all students enrolled this grade. The current situation creates a serious problem of failure among students, for in the classroom where the projective geometry is explained, there are students from 2nd or 3rd year degree, which then will be inclined, some to pure mathematics, but other to things such as statistics, Computational Mathematics, Astronomy, ... where it is quite doubtful the usefulness of the projective geometry. In addition, for many students the topic is difficult because of the abstract nature of the concepts that appear in it, which causes a certain decrease in attendance for some students, as they see the projective geometry as remote from practical applications. In last years, I have begun to take direct action to motivate students to the study of projective geometry. In the degree is possible to make workshops (in some subjects). I have taken the decision to include in these workshops the exhibition and comment on popular science materials on projective geometry for this level. Although can, in principle, seem strange, this type of material (books, articles, posters) is relatively abundant, beautiful and motivating for students who are new to the study of projective geometry. The practical procedure that can be followed in the classroom may be the prior distribution among students of popular science materials (articles or book chapters), for example through the virtual campus and later in the classroom, clarify or comment on the blackboard the concepts that appear on these materials. The existing information material on projective geometry, does not cover all course topics explained in the grade, but there is enough variety to develop many of the concepts that appear throughout the course. Specifically, we start by presenting the relationship between painting and Projective Geometry (especially Renaissance); the concepts of cross ratio, duality, etc. are illustrated by popular science material with attractive designs, and finally, I do the emphasis on the concept of conics, presenting applications of these curves in the art (painting and architecture).

Keywords: experience teaching, university teaching, geometry, materials, mathematical disclosure


156 Abstract Book

THE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE AIRFOIL TYPES OWNING HIGH PERFORMANCE FOR WIND TURBINES

Hasan Düz Batman University

In this study, to be used on wind turbines, different airfoil types have been investigated numerically over their performance coefficient. Five airfoils were selected from the different airfoil families available online. In the study, all airfoil perfomances were tested across the attack angles between 0o and 20oand the wind speeds (4, 8, 16 ve 32 m/s). According to the numerical results obtained, it is seen that all airfoil performances becomes maximum at the attack angles between 4oand 7o and increases as the wind speed increased. Upon the reviewing process of the pressure distribution on the upper and lower surfaces of airfoils each, a hybrid airfoil was created by combining surface profile datas of two different airfoil which have represent the best pressure distribution according the airfoil performance affected. Here the numerical data obtained for the hybrid has shown that the hybrid profile represent a higher performance than two profiles for the attack angles between 4oand 7oand has eliminated the disadvantages of the two profiles in the remaining attack angles. So as an outcome, the hybrid has shown a more stable performance than all other five profiles investigated.

Keywords: airfoil, wind turbine, numerical, attack angle


157 Abstract Book

DOES EARTH REBALANCE ITSELF?

Abdul Razzaq Touqan An-Najah National University

Imad Al-Qasem An-Najah National University

Sumatra earthquake (2004) and Japan earthquake (2011) shifted earth’s axis by (7cm) and (17cm) respectively. Al-Qasem and Touqan suggested different solutions to the problem in their paper titled “Importance of Returning Earth Axis to Its Original Direction”. Their solution was enlightened from the holy Quran. Surprisingly their first solution proposed to be done at 11/3/2013 occurred naturally without human interference one year later at 1/4/2014 almost exactly at at their suggested location. This raises a question: Does earth rebalance itself if human is behind doing his role? Almost one fourth to one fifth of the population of the earth believes that Quran is a universal reference. After the above scientific proof derived from both scientific data and the understanding of the authors, this paper tries to provide an understanding derived from the Quran the answer of the question in head. Dealing with global issues and developing international references is for sure a matter of admiration for scientific area. If the claim of muslins is right, having a universal reference that helps human understandings in less developed countries to be able to forecast universal issues is an image to human possibilities for developed countries of the horizon that can be opened to scientists in various fields.

Keywords: earth’s axis, rebalance, ozone layer, earthquakes

SOLITONS OF THE QUINTIC NLS EQUATION UNDER A PERIODIC POTENTIAL

İzzet Göksel Istanbul Technical University

Boaz Ilan University of California

The focusing quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equation describes the variation of the complex-valued amplitude of a propagating electromagnetic wave. In this work, a periodic potential possessing PT-symmetry is added to the system and numerical solutions are obtained by means of a spectral fixed-point iteration method. The stability properties of the obtained solitons are then investigated by spectrum analysis.

Keywords: quintic nls, soliton, periodic potential, pt-symmetry


158 Abstract Book

THE EFFECTS OF BORON APPLICATION ON YIELD AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.) VARIETIES

Erman Beyzi Erciyes University

Adem Güneş Erciyes University

Mehmet Arslan Erciyes University

Coriandrum sativum L. is a single-year medical and aromatic plant known as kişniş, aşotu, kuzbere in our country belonging to the Umbelliferae family. Plant nutrients on the yield and quality of medicinal plants have significant effects. Particularly boron is very effective in the formation of cell walls, root length and plant growth parameters. Therefore, this study was carried out in Kayseri province in 2014 to determine the effects of boron application (control, 4, 8, 12 kg / da) on the yield and morphological characteristics of four coriander varieties (Arslan, Gurbuz, Gamze, Erbaa). The parameters such as plant height, first branch height, number of branches, number of umbrellas, number of fruits in umbrella, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were examined in the experiment. According to the results of the research; the highest seed weight and seed yield was obtained from Erbaa variety in control application, the highest 1000 seed weight was obtained from Gamze variety at application of 4 kg/da. At the end of the study, it was determined that boron application was not effective on seed yield and seed yield decreased due to boron application.

Keywords: coriandrum sativum, coriander, boron, plant height, seed yield

A SPECTRAL METHOD TO OBTAIN SOLITON SOLUTIONS TO CQNLS EQUATION


İlkay Bakırtaş Istanbul Technical University

In optics, the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger (CQNLS) equation models electromagnetic wave propagation in various optical media. Competing cubic and quintic nonlinearities will allow the existence of stable soliton solutions. In this study, a numerical method is introduced to obtain these solitons in different self-focusing / self-defocusing cubic-quintic media. Solitons obtained numerically by this spectral method are then validated by comparison with exact solutions.

Keywords: nonlinear schrödinger equation, soliton, spectral methods


159 Abstract Book

B CHROMOSOMES IN COLEOPTERAN KARYOTYPES


Atılay Yağmur Okutaner Ahi Evran University

B chromosomes (Bs) have been considered one of the main topics of chromosome biology. Ever since their first discovery Bs have attracted much interest. Bs are small and predominantly heterochromatic chromosomes that are also referred to as supernumerary, accessory, additional or extra chromosomes. These dispensable karyotypic elements i) are not homologous and do not pair with any of the standard A chromosomes, ii) do not obey Mendelian laws of inheritance, iii) are not required for the normal growth and development of organisms, iv) can be present or absent from individuals within a population. The importance of Bs is to be found in their widespread occurrence in all major eukaryotic clades. Therefore, there have been many attempts to put into describing Bs in a variety of organisms. The existence of Bs has been reported in an ever-increasing number of species. Indeed, roughly 2000 species corresponding to nearly 15% of living species are known at present to possess Bs and new ones are continually being found. A number of Bs studies have also been carried out on insects. In these studies, the presence of Bs has been mainly described in the orders Coleoptera, Diptera and Orthoptera. In Coleoptera, Bs have so far been identified in approximately 80 karyotyped species and subspecies belonging to some 11 different families. The previous studies have mostly used classical cytogenetic techniques and focused on the presence or absence of Bs in species with the knowledge of their number, morphology and behavior. Because of the scope of our review we will present and discuss the findings of Bs studies heretofore performed in beetle species. Furthermore, we will point out new developments and directions in Bs research in recent years and how we might use them as tools to investigate wider issues of chromosome dynamics and genome organization in beetles.

Keywords: b chromosomes, coleoptera, karyotype


160 Abstract Book

VITAMIN COMPOSITION OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. AND CUCURBITA PEPO VAR. OVIFERA SEEDS

Kevser Karaman Erciyes University

Akife Dalda Şekerci Erciyes University

Halit Yetişir Erciyes University

Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) and Cucurbita pepo var. ovifera (ornamental pumpkin) are the members of Cucurbitaceae family. Bitter melon is generally grown for medicinal purposes and it’s all plant organs can be used for different purposes. Cucurbita pepo var. ovifera is commonly cultivated for ornamental uses. In this study, to evaluate the fat-soluble vitamin composition of bitter melon and ornamental pumpkin seeds, tocopherol fractions and β-carotene contents were measured. During the growing period of 2015-2016, pumpkin and bitter melon seeds produced in research areas belonging to Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture were used. The seeds were harvested and dried under suitable conditions and were ground with a mill having a diameter of 1 mm sieve. For vitamin analysis, oil extraction was first carried out in the seeds. In the study, 25 ml of hexane was added to grounded samples for 5 hours in a shaker and after filtration n-hexane was evaporated. The obtained oils were stored at +4° C until analysis. In pumpkins, α-tocopherol content ranged between 343.18 to 1885.0 mg/kg; γ-tocopherol was detected between 212.26 to 1178.40 mg/kg. δ-tocopherol was found in only one pumpkin genotype. β-carotene was measured in all genotypes, ranging from 19.63 to 150.88 ppm. In the bitter melon genotypes, while G1 coded sample contained all tocopherol fractions, G2, G18, G19, and G24 coded samples contain gamma and delta tocopherols. β-carotene was present in all the genotypes and the ratio was between 56.57 and 116.75 mg/kg.

Keywords: cucurbitaceae, bitter melon, ornamental pumpkin, tocopherol, vitamin


161 Abstract Book

KARYOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES NANNOSPALAX XANTHODON (NORDMANN, 1840) DISTRIBUTED IN THE BILECIK-ESKIŞEHIR-ANKARA LINE

(MAMMALIA: SPALACIDAE)

Nahit Pamukoğlu Kırıkkale University

Nursel Aşan Baydemir Kırıkkale University

Tuba Yağcı Bilecik University

Bünyamin Bozbıyık Kırıkkale University

Many studies have been achieved on the karyology of the family Spalacidae, distributed in the Palearctic region. As a result of these studies, more than 50 chromosomal forms are determined by various researchers. With having about 30 chromosomal forms, Turkey show the maximum diversity. Variations in the chromosome number and shapes of this species have led discrepancies between the researchers. With this study, Diploid chromosome number (2n) Nannospalax xanthodon samples taken from Ankara was recorded as 60. Basic chromosome number of Ankara samples (NF) 82, the number of autosomal chromosome arms (NF) 78, the X chromosome is submetacentric, the Y chromosome is subtelosentric. Autosomal chromosomes are constituted from 10 pairs subtelocentric and 19 pairs acrocentric chromosomes. In Eskisehir samples 2N = 60, NF = 78, NF = 74, the X chromosome is submetacentric, the Y chromosome is subtelosentric. Autosomal chromosomes are constituted from 9 double subtelocentric and 20 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes. In Bilecik samples, value of karyotype was determined 2N = 60, NF = 76, NFa = 72. The data obtained in this study will make a contibution to the phylogenetic studies of the species in the future.

Keywords: nannospalax xanthodon, morphometric analysis, karyological analysis, Bilecik, Eskisehir, Ankara, Turkey

Note: We would like to thank Mr. Assoc. Dr. Teoman KANKILIÇ for his help and support in the preparation of the samples. This study was financially supported by the Kırıkkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (project number: BAP-2011/18).


162 Abstract Book

EFFECT ON AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF BADGER IN WEST ANATOLIA

Nahit Pamukoğlu Kırıkkale University

This research is based on field studies carried out in the western part of the Samsun-İskenderun line where the distribution of badger. The main purpose of this research is to reveal the influence of the genus Meles on agricultural land. Findings obtained in this study are based on field observations and records of camera. In western Anatolia, it has been found that badgers eat various insects, small mammals and worms as animal food, and also eat corn, grapes, figs, cherries, apples, beans, chick peas, plums and blackberry as vegetable. In some regions, some vegetables and fruits such as beans, potatoes, sunflowers, peanuts, grapes, strawberries and watermelons, especially corn and beets, have also been found. Often the badger is looked at as an animal that is harmful due to its feeding regime. Badgers are often confronted with people whose habitats are shrinking and badgers are sometimes hunted by people because badgers damage crops on the fields. In some undisturbed regions, badgers can sustain their assets, even if they are limited. Alternative measures should be taken to compensate for the damage that the badger makes to the vineyards, gardens and fields, and it should be possible to continue the generation of the badger which has an important place in the ecological balance and food chain.

Keywords: badger, meles, west Anatolia, agricultural fields, feeding

ABOUT THE AUTOMATED STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR PALLETS

Boris Petkov Todor Kableshkov University

Boyka Krastanov Todor Kableshkov University

The using of Automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) allow users to optimize storage space and increase the efficiency of managing all processes in them. The main problem for optimization in AS/RS is principally on travel time estimates and different control policies such as dwell-point of the stacker crane, storage assignment, request sequencing and so on. The paper presents comparison between AS/RS types, storage technologies used and types of storage machines. The opportunities to optimize the processes in these AS/RS are presented.

Keywords: automated storages, electric lifts trucks, stacker cranes, optimization


163 Abstract Book

EVALUATION OF CONSTRAINTS IN SOFTWARE CODE REVIEW ACTIVITIES BY THINKING PROCESS

Pınar Yıldız Kumru Kocaeli University

Yıldız Şahin Kocaeli University

Özgür Gün Kocaeli University

The quality of the software produced in the software projects is vital for the success of the institutions. A single undetected error or lack of software development process can cause very problematic results during operation. Software errors and deficiencies can also lead to reduced customer satisfaction, increased maintenance costs, and / or reduced productivity and utility. Although the processes are defined for software projects, the software projects are still prone to error. Since the output of the code review is not delivered to the customer, these activities are usually not given the necessary attention by the software engineers. Existing errors and deficiencies must be recognized and resolved in the development process, otherwise problems can be costly and difficult to solve. Software code review is one of the important techniques in improving software quality.It is a process that the code is evaluated by one or more people after writing the code, before releasing the new version and putting it in a code repository. The main aim of the code review is to prevent errors and to carefully examine the code against deviations from the development standards. In addition to this, it also contributes to making the code understandable and can be maintained. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the reasons why the code review process can not be implemented and to solve these reasons with the Theory of Constraints "Thinking Process".

Keywords: software code review, theory of constraints, thinking processes


164 Abstract Book

GAUSSIAN CALCULATIONS OF BIS-4-[3-(ETHYL/N-PROPYL-4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-5-ON-4-YL)-AZOMETHIN]PHENYL} BIPHENYL-4,4’DISULFONATES

Murat Beytur Kafkas University

Haydar Yüksek Kafkas University

Zeynep Turhan İrak Iğdır University

Recently, many studies have shown that nonlinear optical properties of molecule change in calculations made by adding different donor-acceptor groups to aromatic molecules. The donor-acceptor theory states that low band width is a very important factor for the nonlinear optical properties of molecules. In this study, bis-4-[3-(ethyl/n-propyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on-4-yl)-azomethin]phenyl} biphenyl-4,4’disulfonates were was optimized by using the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) and HF/6-311G (d,p) basis sets. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR isotropic shift values were calculated by the method of GIAO using the program package Gaussian G09W. Experimental and theoretical values were inserted into the graphic according to equitation of δ exp=a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via SigmaPlot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. IR absorption frequencies of analyzed molecules were calculated by using the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) and HF/6-311G (d,p) basis sets. The veda4f program was used in defining IR data which were calculated theoretically. The experimental and the obtained theoretical values were compared and found by regression analysis that are accurate. Furthermore, geometric properties (bond angles, bond lengths and dihedral angles), electronic properties (total energy, dipole moment), the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), Mulliken atomic charges have been investigated by using Gaussian 09W program. Also, nonlinear optical properties of heterocyclic molecules containing 1,2,4-triazole were calculated by using Becke's three-parameter energy function B3LYP hybrid approach in density function theory by adding different electron attracting and electron donating groups. By making geometric optimizations of the molecules were calculated static polarizability, anisotropic polarizability and static hyperpolarizability.

Keywords: 1,2,4-triazol-5-one, gaussian 09w, 6-311g(d,p) basis set, gıao, nlo


165 Abstract Book

DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SOME ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT 4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-5-ONE DERIVATIVES WITH

DENSITY FUNCTION THEORY

Zeynep Turhan İrak Iğdır University

Murat Beytur Kafkas University

Haydar Yüksek Kafkas University

Organic electronic devices are quite remarkable due to their optoelectronic features. These devices can be examined under three main headings. These are; organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic thin-film transistors (OTFT) and organic solar cells. These devices are usually structured in the form of anode-organic material-cathode layers placed on top of each other. OLEDs are devices that can generate light via organic molecules in a thin membrane layer when an electric current is applied. They are prepared by placing one or more organic semiconductor layers between two metals. Both the anode and the cathode can be semi-permeable. The device that emits light during electroluminescence is called (OLED). In this study, the potential organic electroluminescent 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives that have recently attracted much of the scientists' interest is discussed. The electronic features of these heterocyclic organic compounds are examined with computational methods. The calculation operations were conducted with the high-performance server systems (workstation) running on LINUX and Windows operating systems. The geometries of the studied molecules were plotted using the GaussView 5.0 computer program. Theoretical calculations were conducted using the Gaussian09W program. Later on, the HOMO-LUMO shapes of the molecules that were optimized with theoretical calculations were obtained. The HOMO-LUMO energy difference (ΔE) of each molecule was calculated in terms of eV. The results were compared with the values obtained from relevant literature. According to the theoretical and simulation results obtained from the B3LYP 6-31 ++ G (d,p) basic set calculations of the DFT (Density Functional Theory) method used in this study; when the HOMO-LUMO energy differences were examined, it was determined that from among the studied candidate molecules, there were potential molecules that have / could have optoelectronic features. Therefore, it is expected that the study will shed light on synthetic organic chemistry procedures in terms obtaining optoelectronic materials.

Keywords: 1,2,4-triazol-5-one, organic light emitting diode, density functional theory


166 Abstract Book

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF BIOCALCIFICATION MEDIUM

Irem Deniz Manisa Celal Bayar University

Tugba Keskin Ege University

Burak Talha Yılmazsoy Ege University

Alpcan Arıç Ege University

Ozge Andıc-Cakır Ege University

Aylin Sendemır-Urkmez Ege University

Didem Akyol-Altun Dokuz Eylul University

Ayca Tokuc Dokuz Eylul University

Gulden Kokturk Dokuz Eylul University

Feyzal Avcı-Ozkaban Dokuz Eylul University

Biocalcification is a bio-inspired phenomenon that may lead to bio-cementation and self-healing of cementitious materials with the process involving the activity of the enzyme urease. It is cost effective and environmentally friendly compared to its conventional substitute. A limited number of microorganisms exhibit urease-producing ability and calcium carbonate production using biocalcification process. It is well-known that temperature and the calcium ion content in the medium highly affect the precipitated CaCO3 amount. In this study, Sporosarcina pasteurii was chosen to produce and precipitate CaCO3 using synthetic medium containing calcium nitrate and calcium chloride. Thus, temperature, the calcium salt type and the molarity of the calcium ions were optimized using Central Composite Design by Design Expert 7.0.0. The results showed that the ability of the microorganism may lead the way to be used in the healing cracks of concrete buildings. With a holistic approach, this study may develop architectural design products that is in harmony with the nature with partnership of bioengineering. This is the first study to show a successful optimization for biocalcification medium by Sporosarcina pasteurii.

Keywords: biocalcification, bioengineering, central composite design, optimization, sporosarcina pasteurii


167 Abstract Book

THE MICROFUNGI ON EUROPEAN MISTLETOE IN NEVSEHIR PROVINCE

Ali İhsan Karayel Ahi Evran University


Viscum album L. (European mistletoe) of Santalaceae is an evergreen, perennial, epiphytic, hemiparasitic shrub (Zuber, 2004), which is able to infect more than 450 woody species (Barney et al., 1998) and is widely distributed in Europe. Mistletoes can affect their host trees in many ways. Known effects include that mistletoe infections lower the vigor of the host, induce premature mortality, reduce the quality and quantity of wood produced, reduce fruiting of infected trees and predispose trees to be attacked by other agents, such as insects or decay fungi (Hawksworth, 1983). Infected European mistletoe leaves, berries, and stems were collected from Nevsehir province of Turkey and preserved as dry herbarium samples. The fungal material for examination were isolated from the host plants by obtaining thin sections or scraping. Microscopical features were examined and microphotographs were made using a Leica DM E light microscope. The microfungi were identified using relevant literature. Identified species and their authors' names were checked by Index fungorum database (2017). The examined specimens have been deposited in the mycological collection of the Ahi Evran University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, in Kirsehir province of Turkey. Control of mistletoe is an important problem for the forest service in Turkey (YÃ¼ksel et al., 2005). Research and experience have demonstrated the potential use of hyperparasitic fungi as biological control agents for management of European mistletoes. This study is carried out to identify microfungi on European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in Nevsehir province. As a result of mycological researches, the most promising biological control agents are Aureobasidium harposporum (Bres. & Sacc.) Herm.-Nijh. which attack leaves and stems of European mistletoe and Sphaeropsis visci (Alb. & Schwein.) Sacc. which attack leaves, berries, and stems of European mistletoe. The use of these two hyperparasitic fungi as potential biological control agents for management of Europen mistletoes is under investigation.

Keywords: viscum album, biological control, microfungi, Nevşehir

Note: This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. (Project Number: FEF.A4.17.006).


168 Abstract Book

NONLINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOLITONS


It is well known that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation admits soliton solutions which can be obtained numerically or even analytically in particular cases. However, obtaining a soliton is usually not enough, especially if it suffers from collapse or blows up in finite time. Thus, it is of great importance to analyze the stability of the obtained solitons. In this work, the nonlinear stability properties of the solitons will be analyzed by a split-step Fourier method and compared with the power analysis.

Keywords: nonlinear schrödinger equation, soliton, stability

DETERMINATION OF COGNITIVE STRUCTURES IN THE CONCEPT OF "SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-ENGINEERING-MATHEMATICS (STEM)" OF MIDDLE SCHOOL

STUDENTS

İsmail Dönmez Ministry of National Education

Şahin İdin Ministry of National Education

The purpose of this study is to determine the cognitive structures of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) of middle school students who are studying at 7th and 8th grade. Qualitative research method was used in the research. The data of the study were obtained from 120 middle school students in 7th and 8th grade in a secondary school located in the province of Altindag and Kecioren, Ankara. Independent word association test was used to collect the data. The obtained data were evaluated according to the content analysis. According to the results of the analysis, 365 data on science concept, 318 on engineering concept, 270 on engineering concept and 346 on mathematical concept were collected from the independent word association test on conceptual structures related to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) of middle school students. From this data, the science sciences of the 2017 national education ministry were associated with the program dimensions. In this context, it is observed that middle school students' knowledge and design skills are focused on the Science dimension of cognitive structures about STEM "concepts. In addition, it has been expressed in the form of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) concept network. It has been seen that the cognitive structures of the students in the field of engineering are more limited than the other fields while there is a close relation in the field of science, mathematics and technology.

Keywords: STEM, independent word association test, cognitive structure


169 Abstract Book

DETECTION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS

G. Saliha Alagöz Gaziantep University

Mehmet Özaslan Gaziantep University

Tekin Karslıgil Gaziantep University

İ. Halil Kilic Gaziantep University

In immunocompromised individuals, Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infection, reactivation and reinfection may cause severe disease with a high case fatality unless diagnosed and treated appropriately at an early stage. This is a well-known complication transplantation and HIV individuals. There are several potential ways in which CMV could act as a cofactor for HIV infection, defined as “an infectious agent which interacts at the molecular or cellular level to promote HIV pathogenicity”. By mechanisms outlined below, CMV replication may drive HIV replication to higher levels, which again may cause more rapid CMV replication, thus creating a vicious circle That so in our study we researched detection of HIV in CMV individuals. In our study, 42 HIV (+) patients (11 female, 31 male) were isolated and RealTime PCR was used to evaluate the results. According to PCR results were 10 patients were CMV (+). The prevalence of the HIV infections in the patient population leads to both a weak immune system and an increase in HIV/HCMV infections of the patients. Some patients with high viral load were negative. More accurate results can be obtained by increasing the number of patients so that a reduction of this ratio can be achieved by administering a treatment for CMV.

Keywords: hv, cmv


170 Abstract Book

THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF INTERACTING COBALT FERRITE, MANGANESE FERRITE AND NICKEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES WITH COMPARABLE SIZES

Çiğdem Elif Demirci Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Palash Kumar Manna University of Manitoba

Selçuk Aktürk Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Johan Van Lierop University of Manitoba

CoFe2O4, MnFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with comparable sizes (~18 nm) were synthesized using a method modified from conventional organic phase process. The structural and magnetic properties were studied in detail by x-ray diffraction(XRD), dynamic light-scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry (MPMS XL-5). A significantly higher coercivity (~ 0.78 kOe) was observed at room temperature for CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K = (2.96±0.03)x106ergs/cm3 ) which is higher than the bulk value. The differences observed in magnetism of three ferrite systems are discussed in some detail with reference to interparticle interactions among the particles and cation distributions of the tetrahedral and octahedral sites which suppressed surface spin effects.

Keywords: cobalt ferrite, manganese ferrite, nickel ferrite, interparticle interactions, cation distribution


171 Abstract Book

TUNING OF THE NANOMAGNETISM IN COBALT FERRITE NANOPARTICLES BY SUBSTITUTING OF LANTHANUM IONS

Çiğdem Elif Demirci Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Palash Kumar Manna University of Manitoba

Selçuk Aktürk Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Johan Van Lierop University of Manitoba

In this study, we aim to provide a better understanding of the physics behind the effective hyperthermia heating of CoFe2O4 and CoLa0.2Fe1.8O4nanoparticles with comparable sizes (~5.4 nm), focusing on the role of the effective magnetic anisotropy that strongly depends on cation distribution due to the preferred occupied positions of Lanthanum ions (La3+). The XRD results showed that the crystallization of CoLa0.2Fe1.8O4nanoparticles occurs at relatively high annealing temperatures (at 600 °C for 6 hrs). The measurements of the zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization revealed that the substitution of La3+ions in place of Fe3+ions leads to a decrease in blocking temperature from well above 400 K to room temperature (300 K). The discussion of the difference in magnetic properties (such as saturation magnetization, coercivity and magnetocrystalline anisotropy) with reference to cation distributions is useful to understand the heating mechanism in these systems.

Keywords: cobalt ferrite, nanomagnetism, cation distribution, magnetic measurements


172 Abstract Book

CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTROLYTICALLY SYNTHESIZED CARBON NANOTUBES AS CATHODE FOR METAL-AIR BATTERIES

Mustafa Anık Eskisehir Osmangazi University

Ersu Lökçü Eskisehir Osmangazi University

Developing of an efficient and low cost anode and cathode material is a significant issue for the high performance metal-air batteries. In this work, we synthesized both the anode and cathode materials to design the new improved metal-air battery. Carbon nanotube cathodes were synthesized by the electrolysis directly from graphite in LiCl:NaCl melt at 800⁰C. Li-Si based alloy (Li22Si5) anodes were synthesized by mechanical alloying under the protective atmosphere. The charge-discharge characteristics of the electrodes were investigated from 2 V to 4.5 V at a constant 0.01 mA cm-2 with LiTFSI:DME electrolyte in metal-air cell.

Keywords: metal-air battery, carbon nanotube, li-si alloy

DEVELOPMENT OF POROUS GRAPHENE BASED CATHODES FOR LI-AIR BATTERIES

Ersu Lökçü Eskisehir Osmangazi University

Mustafa Anık Eskisehir Osmangazi University

In this work we tried to optimize the porosity of the graphene cathode on the basis of relationship between the specific surface area/pore size and capacity values in Li-O2 cell. Porous graphane based cathodes with a specific surface area varies from 200 to 400 m2g-1 were synthesized with the template method by using graphene oxide solution and silica nanoparticles (50 nm – 200 nm) template, followed by the heat treatment. The cathode materials were examined structurally by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and scanning electron microscopy. The Li-O2 cell consisted of a lithium metal anode and LiTFSI:DME electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetry with in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements were applied to identify the pore size effect gravimetrically in same electrolyte. The designed cathode structures which has 314 m2g-1 specific surface area with a combination of different pore sizes lead to improvement in capacity values and cathode kinetics for Li-O2 battery.

Keywords: porous graphene, lithium-air battery


173 Abstract Book

CUSTOMER PERCEPTION ON ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION: THE IMPACT OF ONLINE SHOPPING ORIENTATIONS ON ONLINE BUYING INTENTION

Arsalan Ghouri Universiti Pendidikan

Mirza Amin Ul Haq Iqra University

Naveed Khan Bahria University

This paper endeavors to recognize the customer perception on online purchase intention among youth in the Pakistan context. Customer perception on online purchase intention, thus our research variables are impulse purchase orientation, brand orientation and quality orientation were considered along with online trust and prior online purchase experience. The results are focused 292 responses got from the online study. The exploration made that impulse purchase orientation; prior online purchase experience and online trust have positive effect on the customer purchase intention. Males are found to have more intention to shop online than females The study has implications for web-retailers, advertising directors, web advertisers, online merchants and web-customers in Pakistan. Pakistani online customers commonly have a tendency to look for offers and extraordinary worth value bargains rather than brand or quality. Online retailers may focus on the impulse purchase orientation aspect in Pakistani consumers and must concentrate on expanding online trust.

Keywords: purchase intention, impulse purchase orientation, brand orientation, quality orientation.


174 Abstract Book

A NOVEL APPROACH TO THE AIRCRAFT SCHEDULING PROBLEM VIA GENETIC ALGORITHM

Alper Ören Anadolu University

Özlem Şahin Anadolu University

The immense demand airspace access has brought the issue about efficiency/capacity utilization of airspace and/or airport. However, airspace and/or airport capacity cannot keep increasing at a rate necessary to match the rising demand. When an airport's capacity is reduced, the demand for an airport's resources exceeds the capacity that the airport can afford. This can be called capacity-demand imbalance. Demand refers to the number of flights scheduled to arrival in a given time period. On the other hand capacity is the maximum number of flight arrivals in a given time period. The direct result of the capacity-demand imbalance is the airport congestion and flight delay. In literature aircraft scheduling algorithms especially in arrival are generally proposed for the common solution of airport congestion and flight delay. Aircraft scheduling for arrival is a method that aims to help to maximize of airspace efficiency/capacity considering local airspace requirements and constraints. The method is generally applied in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA) in order to optimize the operating capability during the descent/approach phase of flight so as to minimize delays. In order to facilitate scheduling and sequencing air traffic flows, many various scheduling algorithms such as, first come first out, time advance, constrained position shift methods, etc. are available. In general, FCFS method is a common used method which determines the aircraft landing sequence based on the estimated time of arrival (ETA) at the runway. With FCFS, the first aircraft needs no delay whereas succeeding aircraft need larger delays. In this study, a set of (10) aircraft, distributed over 210 seconds, was used as arrival traffic data. For each aircraft has the earliest time, target time and latest time of arrival which are predetermined. On the other hand, aircraft scheduling for arrival, separation minima also need to be considered. Separation time for arrival traffic directly related to the aircraft wake turbulence category (WTC) and refers to minimum time requirement for aircraft landing consecutively. Distribution of aircraft wake turbulence category is based on the aircraft types using the airspace. The proposed model consists 70% Heavy WTC Aircraft and 30% Medium WTC Aircraft. The arrival order was created randomly and ICAO wake turbulence separation minima was used. The actual landing time of aircraft depend on the preceding aircraft actual landing time and the separation time. The aim of this model is to keep the aircraft target times very close the aircraft actual landing time. The differences between the actual landing time and the target time turn to the penalty cost. If any aircraft lands earlier or later than the target time, it creates penalty cost to the aircraft. A proposed aircraft scheduling method is based on genetic algorithm. In this paper the proposed model is compared to a FCFS method in terms of penalty costs in order to minimize penalty cost. The results indicate that the possible advantages of a new method over first-come-first served scheduling. Also, this study evaluated the performance differences between the computation of (optimal solutions using mixed integer linear programming) and computing solutions using genetic algorithms.

Keywords: aircraft scheduling, genetic algorithm, arrival optimization


175 Abstract Book

BLASTING RESPONSE OF A RC RETAINING WALL

Ahmet Tuğrul Toy Yildiz Technical University

Barış Sevim Yildiz Technical University

This study aims to investigate blasting response of a reinforced concrete (RC) retaining wall using numerical methods. For the purpose, finite element model of a RC retaining wall is constituted using ANSYS Workbench software, and the model is imported to ANSYS AUTODYN software to perform explicit analyses. In AUTODYN software, a sum of TNT explosive is defined 3,5 m away from the wall and solution is done. Numerical results are compared with those of obtained from empirical equations. Similar study is also considered for equal explosive which is the 1,5 m away from the wall. The results are represented by graphics and contour diagrams of such as plastic and damaged regions. Also, maximum overpressures are obtained from the software are compared from some empirical equations. It is showed that numerical results are suitable with those of empirical equations. The results showed that distance of explosive away from the wall is highly affected the structural response of it.

Keywords: blasting response, empirical equations, rc retaining wall, finite element model

EVOLUTION OF A NOVEL METHOD TO PRODUCE FEW LAYERS GRAPHENE SUPPORT MATERIALS

Oğuz Kaan Özdemir Yildiz Techical University

Aydin Hasimoglu Gebze Techical University

Carbon supports suffer from electrochemically oxidation to surface oxides, and eventually CO2 during long-term operations at the cathode, which leads to agglomeration and/or detachment of catalytic metal nanoparticles. In the past several years, researches has given many efforts to develop high surface area, electrically conducting and chemically stable alternatives, such as carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, stacked nanocups and graphitic nanofibe, and carbon nanofibers for immobilizing the catalysts. Graphene, a two-dimensional graphite form, is an interesting material with its unique physical and electrical properties, high tensile strength, Young's modulus, large specific surface area, electron mobility and thermal conductivity. Additionally, it also has significant properties in oxygen reduction reaction. Due to all these superior features, graphene can serve as an ideal support for nanoparticles. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to synthesize graphene for supporting Pt catalysts.

Keywords: graphene, fuel cells, support materials


176 Abstract Book

STUDY ON IMPACT OF THE STRATEGIES OF CHANGES IMPLEMENTED AT ENTERPRISES AT EMPLOYEES

Nigar Guliyeva Scientific Research And Training Center On Labor And Social Problems

Fuad İsmayilzada Bakulift

Identification of new targets is extremely crucial for maintaining global competitiveness of enterprises, and implementation of new strategies is very important from the perspective of business support and further expansion of enterprises. However, implementation of strategies of changes has different impact at employees and, in most cases, provokes their resistance to changes. It is necessary, therefore, to identify impact factors influencing employees at the organizations and mitigate or even quell the resistance to changes in order to provide successful implementation of the strategies of changes. The overall purpose of this workout writing is study on sosial, psychological and economic impact of the strategies of changes applied at organizations and putting suggestions on elimination of this impact as well as prevention of resistance to changes. To achieve the aforementioned purpose, the author checked and tested the hypotheses on impact of changes strategies at employees through researches into data obtained from questionnaire surveying at enterprises operating in different sectors and fields of economy in Azerbaijan and Turkey. In this regard, the author applies Cronbach's alpha test, simple mean calculations and correllation analysis. The author also proves the stronger positive impact of economic, social and psychological changes provoked by the strategies of changes over employees at enterprises if compared with negative impact, gender-based differences in psychological impact of the changes and significant relation between changes-related uncertainty and negative impact of the changes.

Keywords: strategy of changes, behaviour of employees, sosial and psychological impact, resistance to changes, policies changes in human resource


177 Abstract Book

CFD AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TWO BATCH TYPE ELECTROCOAGULATION STIRRED TANK REACTORS USED IN THE REMOVAL OF CR

(VI)

Umran Tezcan Un Anadolu University

Phanindra Prasad Thummala Anadolu University

In this study, hydrodynamics of two batch type electrocoagulation stirred tank reactors, used for the treatment of Cr(VI) wastewater, was carried using CFD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of mixing characteristics on overall performance of electrocoagulation reactor. The CFD simulations were carried using ANSYS FLUENT 14.4 software. The mixing performance of each reactor was evaluated by numerically modeling tracer and studying its dispersion in each reactor configuration. The uniformity in tracer dispersion was assumed when 90% of the ratio of the maximum to minimum concentration of the tracer was realized. In parallel, experimental evaluation of both the electrocoagulation reactors for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater was also carried out. The results of CFD and experimental analysis clearly show that the reactor which can give higher uniformity in lesser time, will perform better as an electrocoagulation reactor for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater.

Keywords: cfd, electrocoagulation, treatment


178 Abstract Book

NEW GENUS RECORD FOR TURKEY MYCOBIOTA: PSEUDOMASSARIA CHONDROSPORA


Elşad Hüseyin

Hatice Öğütcü Ahi Evran University

Pseudomassaria is a member of the Pseudomassariaceae with immersed perithecia and asci having a well-developed apical ring and pore. It is closely related particularyly by the unequally uniseptate spores. Approximately thirty species are currently classified in this genus. Pseudomassaria is recorded as a new genus for Turkey. Plant specimens infected with microfungi were collected from Kastamonu Kure Mountains National Park and prepared according to established herbarium techniques. Microscopical features were examined and microphotographs were made using a Leica DM E light microscope. The microfungi were identified using relevant literature (Yacevskiy, 1913; Ellis and Ellis, 1987). Identified species and their authors names were checked by Index fungorum database (2017). The examined specimens have been deposited in the mycological collection of the Ahi Evran University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, in Kirsehir Province of Turkey. During studies of mycobiota biodiversity on trees and shrubs in Kastamonu Kure Mountains National Park, the ascomycetous genus Pseudomassaria was isolated from branches of Tilia rubra DC. subsp. caucasica (Rupr.) V. Engler. The genus Pseudomassaria and the species P. chondrospora (Ces.) Jacz. are reported for the first time from Turkey. Distinguishing morphological characters are described and illustrated for this species.

Keywords: microfungi, new record, Turkey


179 Abstract Book

ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE PLASTIC STRAIN OF POLYMERS DURING HIGH PRESSURE TORSION (HPT) PROCESS

Ahmed Drai University of Mascara

Benaoumeur Aour Ecole Nationale Polytechnique D’Oran

The high-pressure torsion (HPT) is an efficient process to obtain enhanced microstructures via super-plastic deformation. In view of its optimization, it is of prime importance to assess the relationships between processing conditions and material flow. More precisely, detailed knowledge of the plastic strain distribution in the deformed material in relation to HPT processing variables is very useful. In this context, the present work is focused primarily to highlight the effect of the temperature on the plastic strain distribution into the processed polymers by HPT. The effect of the sample thickness is also studied. To this end, the material parameters of an elasto-viscoplastic phenomenological model were derived from compressive tests at different temperatures and strain rates on a typical thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene (HDPE)). The distribution of the equivalent plastic strain and the loading conditions were analyzed. Recommendations on process conditions were proclaimed at the end of this work.

Keywords: hpt, hdpe, finite element, plastic strain, temperature


180 Abstract Book

Documents

Abstract Book I