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EDITORIAL BOARD
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Aslam Uqaili
Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon
Prof. Dr. Sarfaraz H. Solangi
Prof. Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan
Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar
Prof. Dr. Khan Mohammad Brohi
Prof. Dr. Khanji Harijan
Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro
Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The ICC2013 organizing committee acknowledges the research contributions from the authors who presented and shared the recent
research work with the fellow researchers from all over the world.
Special gratitude to the keynote speaker from China, Turkey, Japan, USA, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia who traveled all the ways and shared
knowledge and research.
The conference would not be possible without the cooperation of Higher
Education Commission, Pakistan Science Foundation, Sindh Engro Coal
Mining Company (GOLD sponsor) and Changhsa Kaiyuan Instruments
Co., Ltd. (CKIC), China (GOLD sponsor) for their generous cooperation
to meet the financial matters of the conference.
In the last, the conference chair appreciates the day and night efforts of
the organizing sub-committees conveners and members for their untiring
work since the announcement of the ICC2013.
5
SPONSOR PROFILE
Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (GOLD SPONSORS) Thar Block II Coal Project Overview
The Thar coal field has total lignite
reserves of 175 Billion tons which can be utilized to produce 100,000 MW for over
200 years and could also replace the
imported coal currently being used by
Cement industry and Brick Kilns.
Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (SECMC) was established in 2009 as a
Joint Venture between the Government of Sindh (GoS) and Engro Powergen
Limited (EPL). Company aims to develop a Coal Mining Project in Thar Block
II and utilize the large reserves of coal to spur economic and social development
in the region and bring energy security to the country.
Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS) for Thar Block II Coal Mining Project has been completed by internationally renowned Consultants such as RWE-
Germany, SRK-UK, Sinocoal-China in compliance with International Standards.
BFS confirmed that total lignite reserve in Thar Block II are 2 B tons with
exploitable reserve of 1.57 B tons which can support 5,000 MW for 50 years.
Moreover, it has also been confirmed that there are no significant or
unmanageable environmental threats and social implications associated with the
Coal Mining Project in Thar Block II. SECMC has obtained the NOC from
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency and Coal Reserves certification from
RWE Germany and project is ready to start.
The overall aim of the project is to ultimately generate electric power from the lignite resources in Thar. Our aim is to scale up mining operations to generate
up to 4,000 MW of electric power generation capacity and to meet the lignite
production and e coal demand of local industry. In the first phase, we plan to
develop Coal Mining & Power Projects with a capacity of 3.5 Mt/a & 600 MW
respectively. The target for Financial close of the project is June 2014 and the
project will be completed in 3.5 years.
6
SPONSOR PROFILE
Changhsa Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd. (CKIC), China
(GOLD SPONSORS)
For more than 2 decades, CKIC
(China) offered equipment and
solutions (Coal Sampling, Sample
Preparation & Coal Analysis) have
been recognized by Coal Suppliers,
Coal Consumers and Commercial
Inspection Laboratories in over 35
countries around the world as the most
RELIABLE & Cost Effective
available solutions
OTHER MAJOR SPONSORS
Higher Education Commission, Islamabad
INSPIRE program under Higher Education Commission and
British Council, Pakistan
Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad
7
PREFACE
Coal is indeed the issue of national importance to address the energy
crises in Pakistan. The country is facing the worse energy crises of all
times. The energy crisis is because of multi dimensional issues that are
not only concerned with fuel used but also ever increasing cost of power
production. This is the high time to address the issue by utilizing
indigenous resources; lessen the dependence on the import of oil & gas
for sustainable energy supply. The energy crises is not only affecting the
industrial sector but also affecting the public in general.
Mehran University plays a vital role in research areas of national
importance. The faculty is actively engaged in coal research. Coal
mining, purification & up-gradation, coal gasification, emissions and
combustion residues are the areas of research work that are in progress at
Mehran UET. In addition, research work on simulation & modeling had
also been carried out using CFD & other modeling techniques.
Prototype gasifier that can produce Syngas were also designed and
fabricated to test run the gasification process on Thar Coal. Number of
equipment is also available to support the research work in the area of
coal.
One of the prominent research scholar, Prof. Dr. A. Ghani Pathan, who
spent his life on coal research also earned funding from British Council
& Higher Education Commission under INSPIRE program. Nottingham
University, UK, Tsinghuo University, China, Shenyang Aerospace
University, China, Hacettepe University, Turkey are the other partners
in the project.
The Mehran University is also working closely with Sindh University to
establish Research Group to jointly work on coal resources of Pakistan
as a prime responsibility as most of the coal reserves lies in the province
of sindh.
8
The Mehran UET had also hold pre Conference Symposium On Thar
Coal: Utilization Issues and Possible Solutions on July 9, 2013 through
video conference. The symposium attracted audience from all over
Pakistan. The participant from Sindh Coal Authority, Sindh Coal And
Energy Board, Geological Survey Of Pakistan, Lakhra Coal Power
Company in addition to prominent research scholars had contributed and
shared the knowledge.
In this context, the university had taken initiative to hold the
International Coal Conference (ICC2013), November 7-9, 2013 in
collaboration with Nottingham University, UK, Tsinghua University,
China, Shenyang Aerospace University, China, Hacettepe University,
Turkey and Sindh University, Jamshoro. Prominent, scholars from
Turkey, China, Japan, USA, UK and Saudi Arabia and from Pakistan had
presented their research work. In addition, policy makers, stake holder,
coal producers and coal based power plant experts are also invited and
participated in the mega event.
9
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Technical Committee/Panel of Experts
INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL
Dr. R.N.Singh, UK
Dr. Bahtiyar Unver,
Turkey
Dr. Yoichi Kodera, Japan
Mr. Zahoor Abbasi, USA
Dr. A.J. Chaudhary, UK
Dr. Zuo Jiane, China
Dr. Ahmed Hussain,
Saudi Arabia
Ms. Julia Lauder, UK
Dr. Wang Lijuin, China
Dr. Li Rung Dong, China
Prof. Dr. M. Aslam Uqaili, Mehran UET
Prof. Dr. Niaz Akhter, NTU, Faisalabad
Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon, Mehran UET
Prof. Dr. Mansoor Hamid Inayat, PIEAS, Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Sarfraz H. Solangi, Univ. of Sindh
Prof. Dr. A. Ghani Pathan, Mehran UET
Dr. Tayyab Javaid, PIEAS, Islamabad
Dr. Moinuddin Ghori, COMSATS, Lahore
Dr. Inayatullah Memon, NED University, Karachi
Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro, Mehran UET
Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz, Mehran UET
Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui Univ. of Sindh
Advisory Committee
Prof. Dr. M.Aslam Uqaili Conference Chair & Vice Chancellor
Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon Conference Co-Chair
10
Prof. Dr. Sarfraz H. Solangi Conference Co-Chair
Prof. Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan Conference Co-Chair
Prof. Dr. B. S. Chowdhry
Prof. G. B. Khaskheli
Prof. Dr. Pir Roshan Shah Rashdi
Engr. Ghulam Sarwar Kandhir
Prof. Dr. Tauha Hussain Ali
Mr. Munir A. Shaikh
Steering Committee
Prof. Dr. M.Aslam Uqaili Conference Chair
Prof. Dr. Hafeez Ur Rehman Memon Conference Co-Chair
Prof. Dr. Sarfraz H. Solangi Conference Co-Chair
Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro Conference Secretary
Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui Conference Co-Secretary
Members
Prof. Dr. Mujeeb uddin Memon
Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz
Prof. Dr. Khanji Harijan
Prof. Dr. Khan M. Brohi
Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar
Engr. Fahad Irfan Siddiqui
Engr. Sikander M.Almani
Funding Committee
Prof. Dr. M. Aslam Uqaili - Convener
Prof. Dr. Khan M. Brohi
Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro
Mr. Munir A. Shaikh
Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui
Mr. Fawad Lashari
Mr. Aftab Ansari
Mr. Lachman Das
11
Protocol and Registration Committee
Prof. Dr. Khanji Harijan
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali Shah
Prof. Dr. Farman A. Shah Convener Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz
Dr. Noorullah Soomro
Engr. Ashfaque H. Pirzada
Engr. Muhammad Ali Memon
Engr. Ahsan Ali Memon
Engr. Aziza Aftab
Engr. Safiullah Memon
Engr. Munawar Ali Pinjaro
Engr. Zulfiqar Solangi
Ms. Murk Memon
Security Committee
Prof. Dr. Tauha Hussain Ali - Convener
Mr. Ghazi Parhiyar
Mr. Yameen Halepoto
Mr. Akram Ali Thebo
Printing and Publication
Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro-Convener
Prof. Dr. Khanji Harijan
Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz
Dr. A. Rehman Memon
Dr. Hasan Agheem
Engr. Fahad Irfan Siddiqui
Engr. Sikander M.Almani
Boarding and Lodging Committee Dr. Zubair Memon - Convener
Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui
Dr. Noorullah Soomro
12
Engr. Ashfaque Pirzada
Engr. Zulfiqar Bhatti
Mr. Yameen Halepoto
Transport Committee
Prof. Dr. Hasan Ali Durani- Convener
Dr. Syed Feroz Shah
Mr. Ghulam Sarwar Siddiqui
Dr. Imdadullah Siddiqui
Mr. Abdul Majeed
Engr. A. Qadeer Leghari
Food and Entertainment Committee
Prof. Dr. Khan M. Brohi- Convener
Dr. Syed Feroz Shah
Engr. Mohammad Yaqoob Behan
Engr. Sikandar Ali Memon
Engr. Zulfiqar Bhatti
Engr. Munawar Ali Pinjaro
Conference Hall & Stage Committee Prof. Dr. Suhail A. Soomro - Convener
Prof. Parwaiz Shakeel Pathan
Engr. Fahad Irfan Siddiqui
Ms. Qurat ul Ain
Engr. Aziza Aftab
Engr. Habib ur Rehman Memon
Ms. Sahiba
Engr. Masroor Abro
Engr. Sikander M.Almani
Engr. Riaz Qazi
Engr. Ayesha Effandi
Engr. Zeenat M.Ali
Mir Shoukat Talpur
Mr. Samad Shaikh
13
PROGRAM
Time 7th November, 2013 DAY 01
MUET Auditorium
08.30am Registration of the Participants
09.00am Guest to be seated
INAUGURATION CEREMONY
09.25am Recitation from the Holy Quran
09.30am Overview of ICC 2013 & Welcome Address by Prof.Dr.Hafeez ur Rehman, Conference Co-Chairman
09.40am Keynote-1 Dr. Bahtiyar Unver Road Map of a Coal Mining
Project-From Exploration to Production
10.10am Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company Overview
10.25am Changhsa Kaiyuan Instruments Co., Ltd. (CKIC), China Company Overview
10.40am Address by Prof. Dr. M.Aslam Uqaili, Vice Chancellor Mehran UET , Jamshoro
10.45am Address by Prof. Dr. Nazir Ahmed Mughal, Vice Chancellor,
University of Sindh
10.50am Address by Chief Guest, Prof. Dr. Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Pakistan Science Foundation
10.55am Address by Guest of Honour
11.00am Vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr. Sarfraz Hussain Solangi
INAUGURATION OF COAL EXHIBITION
11:00-11:30
Tea break
TECHNICAL
SESSION I Coal Mining
Conference Chair Dr. Bahtiyar Unver
Conference Secretary Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ali Shah
11.30pm Keynote-1 Prof. Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan
Thar Coal: A Cheap and Sustainable Energy Resource of Sindh for Pakistan
11.45pm Keynote-2 Dr.Mansoor M Khan
12.00pm Keynote-3 Dr. Farid Malik Reaching for Bulk Samples through Aquifers at Thar Coal Fields in Pakistan'
12:00pm Keynote-4 Dr. Ahmed Hussain Utilization of Low Grade Coals of Pakistan for Sustainable Energy Future
14
12.10pm CM-01 Asadullah Memon,Bilal Shams
Memon,Faisal Hussain
Memon, Hafeez-ur
Rahman, A.H Tunio
Challenges, Strategies and Risk Management during underground Coal Gasification
12.25pm CM-02 Faisal Karim Shaikh,Nafeesa Zaki,
B S Chowdhry
Wireless Sensor Network Applications for Coal Mines
12.40pm CM-03 Fahad Irfan Siddiqui,Abdul Ghani
Pathan, Bahtiyar
NVER
Integrated Openpit Mine Design at Thar Lignite Field
12:55pm CM-04 Farhad Ali Panhwar,Riaz
Ahmed,Waheed Ali
Panhwar
Coal Mine Safety Regulation in Sindh as compare to USA
01.10pm CM-05 Shah Murad Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety in the Pakistans Coal Mining Sector
01.20pm CM-06 Agha Shafi Mohammad, Abdul
Ghani Pathan, Fahad
Irfan Siddiqui
Probabilistic and FEM analysis of slope stability at Thar coal field
01:30-02.00pm
Lunch Break
TECHNICAL SESSION
II Coal Geology
Conference Chair Prof.Dr.M. Mansoor Khan
Conference Secretary Prof Dr. Sarfraz Hussain Solangi
02.00pm Keynote-1 Prof. Dr. Sarfraz Hussain Solangi
GIS Based CoalField
Assessment:A Case of Thar
CoalField of Pakistan
02.20am Keynote-2 Dr.Zahoor A. Abbasi
Understanding Thar Coal
02.40pm C-Geo-01 Asgher Ali- Daahar Hakro,Imdadullah
Siddique, Mashooque
Ali Warar
Bulk Mineralogy of the Coal bearing formation (Bara) from SB-24&S24 Boreholes, Thar Coalfield of Sindh Province.
02.55pm C-Geo-02 Imdadullah Siddiqui,Sarfraz
Hussain
Solangi,Mashoque Ali
Warar
Pore Volume,Pore Diameter and Surface Area of THAR,LAKHRA and meting
Coals of Sindh,Pakistan
TECHNICAL SESSION
III Coal Characterization & Up Gradation
Conference Chair Dr.Shah Zulfiqar Haider
Conference Secretary Mr.Gulzar Hussain Jhatial
15
03.10pm Keynote-1 Dr Yoichi KODERA
Gasification
TechnologyAdvances and Obstacles
03.30pm Keynote-2 Shah Zulfiqar Haider
Future of Coal -
International Perspective
03.50pm CCUP-01 Muddasar Habib,Amad Ullah
Khan, Shah Saud
Khan, Unsia Habib,
Jameel Ahmed,
Naveed ul
Hasan,Sultan Ali
Strenght Evaluation of Indiginiously Developed KPK Coal Briquettes.
04.05pm CCUP-02 Suhail A.Soomro, Anand Parkash, Shaheen Aziz,
Sikander M.Almani
Designing and Fabrication of Indigenous Mechanical Press for Preparation of Coal Briquettes
04.20pm CCUP-03 Amad Ullah Khan, M.Babar,Muddasar
Habib,Unsia Habib,
Jameel Ahmed,Naveed
ul Hasan,Sultan Ali
Evaluation of optimum composition of starch as a binding material for square
coal briquettes
04.40 Tea Break
TECHNICAL SESSION
IV Emission & their Control
Conference Chair Prof. Dr. Jiane Zuo
Conference Secretary Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar
04.35pm Keynote-1 Dr. Jiane Zuo Coal Mines Wastewater Characteristics and Their
Treatment and Disposal
Technologies in China
04.55pm Keynote-2 Dr.A.K.Ansari Environmental Assessment of THAR coal fields
05.35pm EC-01 Cyril Maqsood Khokhar, Rasool Bux
Mahar
Environmental Effect and Cost
Benefit Analysis (CBA) of
Washed & Un-washed Coal at
Lakhra Coal Power Plant
05.50pm EC-02 Razia begum,Toobahaq,
Suhail soomro ,Kamal
sheikh ,Aliabano, Naiz
ahmed
Physico chemical analysis of local coal at sindh and refrence to its use for different industries. A case study
06.05pm EC-03 Zeenat M.Ali,Shuaib M.Laghari,A.Jabbar
Laghari
Efficient use of burnt coal against industrial dye waters
16
06.20pm EC-04 Tasaddaq Younas,Saif Ur
Rehman,
Mian Tauseef
Raza,Azam Khan
Geochemistry Of Coal Seams In Patala Formation From Sohai River Gorge And Pail-Khushab Road Investigation
Of Environmental Impacts Of Sub-Bituminous Coals
06.35pm EC-05 Shuaib M.Laghari, Zeenat
M.Ali,,A.Jabbar
Laghari
Use of Combined flyash of Coal and Palm Fiber as adsorbent for treatment of dye waste water.
06.50pm EC-06 Mahboob Ali Kalhoro, Gulzar
Hussain Jhatial,
Santosh Kumar, Syed
Najam Ul Islam
Estimation of gross calorific value and C, H, N, O, S, and physical parameters
07.05pm EC-07 Zakiuddin Ahmed, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial,
Mateen Muhammad
Khan, Nadir Buksh
The control of sulphur, a
major pollutant and problem in the coal dynamics, for the better utilization of lakhra coal reserves present in pakistan.
TECHNICAL SESSION
V Coal General
Conference Chair Dr.Fareed Malik
Conference Secretary Dr.Mujeeb uddin Memon
07.20pm CG-01 Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed,
Faiz.M.Shaikh
Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Thar Coal is Untapped Wealth and Solution
07.30pm CG-02 Muhammad Nawaz Tunio,Pir Irfan Shah
Rashdi,Qazi
Moinuddin Abro
Real status of coal in Sindh and local and world priorities to avail
08.00 Conference Dinner ( Only by Invitation )
Time 8th November, 2013 DAY 02
MUET Auditorium
Conference Chair Dr Yoichi KODERA
Conference Secretary Dr.Hafeez ur Rehman Memon
08.30am Keynote-1 Prof. Dr. Mohammad Aslam
Uqaili
Energy Crises in Pakistan:
Consequences and Solutions
09.00am Keynote-2 Prof. Dr. Shaheen Aziz
Critical Study of Clean Coal
Technology in FBC Power
Plant at Khanote
17
9.15 am Keynote-3 Shah Zulfiqar Haider
Clean Coal- Solution to
Global Warming
9.30 am Keynote-4 Dr. Mohammad Afzal Ghouri
Status of Coal
Biotechnology in Pakistan
TECHNICAL SESSION IV
Coal Utilization & Clean Coal Technology
09.40am CUCCT-01 Mohammad Younas Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) based power production from syn gas with inherent CO2 capture: Profile study of a lab scale packed bed reactor
09:55am CUCCT-02 Imran Nazir Unar,Lijun Wang,
Abdul Ghani Pathan,
Rasool Bux Mehar,
Rundong Li, M. Aslam
Uqaili
Study the Coal/Oxidant Distribution Effects in a Two-stage Dry-Feed Coal Gasifier with Numerical Simulations
10.10pm CUCCT-03 Fahim Uddin, Inayatullah Memon
,Syed Ali Ammar
Taqvi
Mitigating Energy Crisis by Coal Gasification using Steam - Sensitivity Analysis using Aspen-Plus Simulation
10:25am CUCCT-04 Shaheen Aziz, Sikander M.Almani,
Wali-ur-
Rehman,Suhail.
A.Soomro,Abdul
Jabbar Abbasi
Potential of Di-Methyl Ether (DME) from Indigenous Coal
by Gasification_ As a substitute of Diesel and LPG
10.40am CUCCT-05 Ashfaque H.Pirzada,Khurrum
Nawaz, F. A Shah,
Aziza Aftab,Ayesha
Kousar
Case Study Of Underground
Coal Gasification
10.50am CUCCT-06 Abdul Malik Memon Utilization of Indigenous Coal
11:00-11:30 Tea break
Conference Chair Dr Zahoor A.Abbasi
Conference Secretary Dr.Khanji Harijan
11.30am CUCCT-06 Shaheen Aziz,Abdul Rehman Memon,
Hafeez Ur Rahman
Memon, Suhail
Ahmad
Soomro,Yaseen
Shaikh
Stoichiometric Optimization of Process Efficiency of Coal Combustion Together with
Limestone during Fluidized Bed Combustion
18
11.45am CUCCT-07 Javaid Iqbal Large Eddy Simulation Of Turbulence Inside A Co Fired Combustor
12.00noon CUCCT-08 Shaheen Aziz, Suhail. A.Soomro, Ambreen
Shaikh, Ashique A.
Laghari, G.M.Mahar
Production of Syn Gas From Thar Coal By Gasification Process Through Fixed Bed Gasifier
12.15pm CUCCT-09 Mian Tauseef Raza,Azam
Khan,Tasaddaq
Younas
Unique Approaches, Tools and Lessons Learnt in
Development of Coalbed Methane
12.30pm CUCCT-10 Muhammad Noman Khan
Enhanced Gas Recovery and CO2 Storage in Coalbed-Methane Reservoirs: Optimized Injected-Gas Composition for Mature
Basins of Various Coal Rank
12.45pm CUCCT-11 Suhail A. Soomro, Hafeez ur Rahman
Memon, Abdul Sattar
Jatoi,Shaheen
Aziz,Sikander
M.Almani
Effect of Coal and Biomass Ratio on Calorific Value And Their Emissions Through Co Combustion- A Review Paper
01.00pm CUCCT-12 Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi, Fahim Uddin,
Inayatullah Memon
To Study the Behavior of Gasifier and Simulation of Coal Gasification Using Steam Using Aspen-Plus Model (Geometric Analysis)
01.15-02.30
LUNCH & FRIDAY PRAYER
Conference Chair Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan
Conference Secretary Dr. Mohammad Afzal Ghouri
02.30pm CUCCT-13 Izhar Mithal Jiskani, Waqar A.Qazi,
Mohammad Yakoob
Behan and Fahad Irfan
Siddiqui
Blending of Local and Imported Coal for Cement Industries
02.45pm CUCCT-14 Rashid Abro Thar coal utilization for production of coal tar
03.00pm CUCCT-15 Salman khanzada, Imran Nazir, Masroor
Abro, Talha khan
Niazi,Awais Aftab
,Furqan khan
Study of coal combustion characteristics using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
03.15pm CUCCT-16 M.H.Jokhio,Suhail Soomro,Aslam
Uquali,M.M Baloch,
M.I.Abro
Utilization of THAR coal for iron and steel industries
19
03.30pm CUCCT-17 Sikander M.Almani, Zulfiqar Bhatti,
Zulfiqar
A.Solangi,Tahir Nabi
kalhoro,Mukhtiar
A.Mirani,Babar Ali
Magsi
A review Paper on CHEMICAL-LOOPING COMBUSTION (CLC) FOR THAR COAL A glance to future.
03.45pm CUCCT-18 Saqib Nawaz Talpur, Suhail. A. Soomro,
Salman
Talpur,Shaheen Aziz,
Sikander M.Almani
Demineralization & Desulfurization Of Lignite Coal By Acid Leaching To Increase The Calorific Value and reduction in SOx emissions For Power Generation
04.00pm CUCCT-19 Santosh Kumar, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial,
Anila Sarwar and Syed
Kabir Shah
Conversion of Indigenous Coal
into Substitute of Natural Gas and
Petroleum Products By non-
conventional Technology:
Underground coal gasification
CONCLUDING CEREMONY
04.15pm Guest to be seated
04.20pm Recitation from the Holy Quran
04.25pm Welcome Address
04.35pm Conference Report & Recommendations
04.45pm ICC 2013 Concluding Remarks
05.00pm Address by Prof.Dr M.Aslam Uqaili,Vice Chancellor Mehran UET
05.10pm Address by Chief Guest, Mr. Ejaz Ahmed Khan, Secretary, Energy & Coal Department Govt. of Sindh
05.15pm Address by Guest of Honour, Prof. Dr. Nazir Mughal
05.20pm Vote of Thanks
REFRESHMENT
Time 9th November, 2013 DAY 03
Only for Registered Participants for field visit
08.00am Departure from Mehran UET, Auditorium
10.30am Arrival at Ranikot Fort
Visit of Ranikot
01.30pm Departure from Ranikot Fort
04.00pm Arrival at Mehran UET.
20
Table of Contents EDITORIAL BOARD .......................................................................... 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................. 4
SPONSOR PROFILE ....................................................................... 5
PREFACE ............................................................................................ 7
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ............................................................. 9
ABSTRACTS ....................................................................................27
THEME 1: .........................................................................................28
COAL MINING .................................................................................28
Road Map of a Coal Mining Project From Exploration to Production 29
Dr. Bahtiyar NVER ...........................................................................29
Thar Coal: A Cheap and Sustainable Energy Resource of Sindh for
Pakistan ...............................................................................................30
Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan .......................................................................30
Challenges, Strategies And Risk Management During Underground Coal
Gasification .........................................................................................31
Asadullah Memon1, Bilal Shams Memon
1, Faisal Hussain Memon
1,
Hafeez-ur-Rahman2, Abdul Haque Tunio .............................................31
Wireless Sensor Network Applications for Coal Mines ........................32
Faisal Karim Shaikh, Nafeesa Zaki, Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry ........32
Integrated Openpit Mine Design at Thar Lignite Field: A Proposed Study
............................................................................................................33
Fahad Irfan Siddiqui1, Abdul Ghani Pathan
1 and Bahtiyar NVER
2 .....33
21
Farhad Ali Panhwar1, Riaz Ahmed
1 and Waheed Ali Panhwar
2 ............34
Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety in the Pakistans Coal
Mining Sector ......................................................................................35
Shah Murad .........................................................................................35
THEME 2: .........................................................................................36
COAL GEOLOGY ............................................................................36
GIS Based Coalfield Assessment: A Case Study of Thar Coalfield of
Pakistan ...............................................................................................37
Sarfraz Hussain Solangi*, Imdadullah Siddiqui*, Imdad Ali Brohi*,
Abdul Salam Soomro**, and Agha Asadullah* ....................................37
Understanding Thar Coal .....................................................................40
Zahoor A. Abbasi.................................................................................40
Bulk Mineralogy Of The Coal Bearing Formation (Bara) From SB-24 &
ST-24 Boreholes, Thar Coalfield Of Sindh Province ............................41
Asgher Ali- Daahar Hakro, Imdadullah Siddiqui and Mashooque Ali
Warar...................................................................................................41
Pore Volume, Pore Diameter And Surface Area Of Thar, Lakhra And
Meting Coals Of Sindh, Pakistan ..........................................................42
Imdadullah Siddiqui, Sarfraz Hussain Solangi and Mashoque Ali Warar
............................................................................................................42
THEME 3: .........................................................................................45
COAL CHARACTERIZATION AND UPGRADATION .............45
Gasification Technology - Advances and Obstacles ..............................46
Yoichi Kodera .....................................................................................46
Future of Coal - International Perspective.............................................49
Shah Zulfiqar Haider ............................................................................49
Strength Evaluation of Indigenously Developed KPK Coal Briquettes ..51
22
Muddasar Habib1, Amad Ullah Khan
1, Shah Saud Khan
2, Unsia Habib
1,
Jameel Ahmed1, Naveed ul Hasan
1, and Sultan Ali
1. .............................51
Designing and Fabrication of Indigenous Mechanical Press for
Preparation Of Coal Briquettes .............................................................52
Suhail A.Soomro, Anand Parkash, Shaheen Aziz, Sikander M.Almani .52
Evaluation of Optimum Composition of Starch as a Binding Material for
Square Coal Briquettes .........................................................................53
Amad Ullah Khan, Muhammad Babar, Muddasar Habib, Unsia Habib,
Jameel Ahmed, Naveed ul Hasan, and Sultan Ali .................................53
THEME 4: EMISSION AND THEIR CONTROL .............54
Jiane Zuo, Jian Zhao, Lili Gan and Dongbei Yue .................................55
Environmental Assessment of Thar Coal fields ....................................56
A.K Ansari, M.A.Shishmahal, Mariam Mangi, .....................................56
Environmental Effect and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Of Washed &
Un-Washed Coal at Lakhra Coal Power Plant ......................................57
Cyril Maqsood Khokhar1 and Rasool Bux Mahar
2 ................................57
Physico Chemical Analysis of Local Coal at Sindh and Reference to Its
Use for Different Industries: A Case Study ...........................................58
1Raziabegum,
1Toobahaq,
2Suhail A. Soomro ,
1Kamal Sheikh ,
1Aliabano and
1Naiz Ahmed .................................................................58
Efficient Use of Burnt Coal against Industrial Dye Waters ...................58
Zeenat M.Ali1, Shuaib M. Laghari
2 and A. Jabbar Laghari
3 ..................58
Geochemistry of Coal Seams in Patala Formation from Sohai River
Gorge and Pail-Khushab Road, Pakistan: Investigation of Environmental
Impacts of Sub-Bituminous Coals ........................................................60
Tasaddaq Younas1, Saif Ur Rehman
1, Mian Tauseef Raza
2, Azam Khan
2
............................................................................................................60
23
Use of Combined Fly Ash of Coal and Palm-Fiber as Adsorbent For
Treatment of Dye Wastewaters ............................................................61
Shuaib M. Laghari1, Zeenat M. Ali
2 and A. Jabbar Laghari
3 .................61
Estimation of gross calorific value and C, H, N, O, S, and physical
parameters ...........................................................................................62
Mahboob Ali Kalhoro, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial, Santosh Kumar and Syed
Najam Ul Islam ....................................................................................62
The Control of Sulphur, a Major Pollutant and Problem in the Coal
Dynamics, For the Better Utilization of Lakhra Coal Reserves Present In
Pakistan ...............................................................................................63
Zakiuddin Ahmed, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial, Mateen Muhammad Khan
and Nadir Buksh ..................................................................................63
THEME 5: .........................................................................................64
COAL GENERAL .............................................................................64
Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Thar Coal is Untapped Wealth and
Solution ...............................................................................................65
Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed1 and Faiz.M.Shaikh
2.......................................65
Real Status of Coal in Sindh and Local and World Priorities to Avail ...66
Muhammad Nawaz Tunio, Pir Irfan Shah Rashdi, Qazi Moinuddin Abro
............................................................................................................66
THEME 6: .........................................................................................67
COAL UTLIZATION AND CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY ......67
Critical Study of Clean Coal Technology in FBC Power Plant at
Khanote ...............................................................................................68
Dr. Shaheen Aziz .................................................................................68
Clean Coal Solution to Global Warming............................................69
Shah Zulfiqar Haider ............................................................................69
24
Status of Coal Biotechnology in Pakistan .............................................71
Ghauri, M. A., Akhtar, N., Haider, R., Akhtar, K..................................71
Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) Based Power Production from
Syn Gas With Inherent CO2 Capture: Profile Study of a Lab Scale
Packed Bed Reactor .............................................................................73
Dr. Mohammad Younas .......................................................................73
Study the Coal/Oxidant Distribution Effects in a Two-stage Dry-Feed
Coal Gasifier with Numerical Simulations............................................75
Imran Nazir Unar1, Lijun Wang
2, Abdul Ghani Pathan
3, Rasool Bux
Mehar4, Rundong Li
2, M. Aslam Uqaili
5 ..............................................75
Mitigating Energy Crisis by Coal Gasification using Steam - Sensitivity
Analysis using Aspen-Plus Simulation ..............................................76
Fahim Uddin, Inayatullah Memon and Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi ............76
Potential of Di-Methyl Ether (DME) from Indigenous Coal by
Gasification -As a Substitute of Diesel and LPG...................................77
Shaheen Aziz1, Sikander M.Almani
1, Wali-ur-Rehman
2, Suhail.
A.Soomro1, Abdul Jabbar Abbasi
1 ........................................................77
Case Study of Underground Coal Gasification......................................78
Ashfaque H.Pirzada, Khurrum Nawaz, Farman Ali Shah, ....................78
Aziza Aftab,Ayesha Kousar .................................................................78
Stoichiometric Optimization Of Process Efficiency Of Coal Combustion
Together With Limestone During Fluidized Bed Combustion ...............79
Shaheen Aziz, Abdul Rehman Memon, Hafeez Ur Rahman Memon,
Suhail A. Soomro and Yaseen Shaikh .................................................79
Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulence inside a Co Fired Combustor .....80
Javaid Iqbal .........................................................................................80
25
Production of Syn Gas from Thar Coal by Gasification Process Through
Fixed Bed Gasifier ...............................................................................81
Shaheen Aziz, Suhail. A.Soomro, Ambreen Shaikh, Ashique A. Laghari
and G.M.Mahar....................................................................................81
Unique Approaches, Tools and Lessons Learnt In Development of Coal
Bed Methane........................................................................................82
Mian Tauseef Raza1, Azam Khan
1, Tasaddaq Younas
2 .........................82
Enhanced Gas Recovery and CO2 Storage in Coal bed-Methane
Reservoirs: Optimized Injected-Gas Composition for Mature Basins of
Various Coal Rank ...............................................................................84
Muhammad Noman Khan ....................................................................84
Effect of Coal and Biomass Ratio n Calorific Value and Their Emissions
Through Co Combustion- A Review Paper ...........................................86
Suhail A. Soomro1, Hafeez ur Rahman Memon
2, Abdul Sattar Jatoi
1,
Shaheen Aziz1, and Sikander M.Almani
1 ..............................................86
To Study the Behavior of Gasifier and Simulation of Coal Gasification
Using Steam Using Aspen-Plus Model (Geometric Analysis) ............87
Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi, Inaytullah Memon and Fahim Uddin ..............87
Blending of Local and Imported Coal for Cement Industries ................88
Waqar A. Qazi, Izhar Mithal Jiskani, Mohammad Yakoob Behan and
Fahad Irfan Siddiqui ............................................................................88
Thar Coal Utilization for Production of Coal Tar ..................................89
Rashid Abro .........................................................................................89
Study of Coal Combustion Characteristics Using Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) ..................................................................................90
Salman Khanzada, Imran Nazir, Masroor Abro, Talha khan Niazi,
Awais Aftab, Furqan khan....................................................................90
Utilization of Thar Coal for Iron and Steel Industries ...........................91
26
Mohammad Hayat Jokhio1, Suhail Soomro
2, M. Aslam Uquali
3, M.M
Baloch1 and M.I.Abro
1 .........................................................................91
A review Paper on Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) for Thar
Coal: A glance to future .....................................................................92
Sikander M.Almani, Zulfiqar A. Solangi, Zulfiqar A. Bhatti, Tahir Nabi
kalhoro, Mukhtiar A.Mirani, Babar Ali Magsi ......................................92
Demineralization & Desulfurization of Lignite Coal by Acid Leaching to
Increase the Calorific Value and Reduction in SOx Emissions for Power
Generation ...........................................................................................94
Suhail. A. Soomro, Saqib Nawaz Talpur, and Shaheen Aziz .................94
Conversion of Indigenous Coal Into Substitute Of Natural Gas And
Petroleum Products By Non-Conventional Technology: Underground
Coal Gasification .................................................................................95
Santosh Kumar, Gulzar Hussain Jhatial, Anila Sarwar and Syed Kabir
Shah ....................................................................................................95
Utilization of Indigenous Coal .............................................................96
Engr. Abdul Malik Memon ..................................................................96
27
ABSTRACTS
28
THEME 1:
COAL MINING
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Road Map of a Coal Mining Project From Exploration to
Production
Dr. Bahtiyar NVER
Department of Mining, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
There seems to be no viable alternative to coal for energy production in
the near future. In contrary to general belief, production of electricity
from coal can be environmentally friendly provided that necessary precautions are taken properly. Wind and solar energy are expensive and
discontinuous. Hydraulic energy can be an efficient source of electricity
production if coupled with an irrigation project. However, it changes
ecological condition of the region which is established for millions of years. Hydraulic energy is also a discontinuous source of energy. If there
is no enough water, electricity production may be halted. For base
electricity production, other alternatives such as natural gas, petrol and nuclear cannot possible compete with coal in terms of cost of electricity
produced. Therefore, if a country has enough coal resources to produce
electricity, theyd better make use of it properly. Because, to maintain development enough and affordable electrical energy is a must.
This keynote paper will presents the stages of a coal resource
development project from exploration to energy production. A special emphasis will be given to Thar coal field. Project alternatives mainly on
the production strategies will be discussed. Surface and underground
alternatives will be critically compared. Thar coal field is very large. At some locations stripping ratio is high that makes the surface mining
impossible. Therefore, underground mining possibility will be examined
both in terms of technical and capital and operational cost.
Keywords: Thar coal, surface mining, stripping ratio, longwall mining
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Thar Coal: A Cheap and Sustainable Energy Resource of
Sindh for Pakistan
Dr. Abdul Ghani Pathan
Department of Mining, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology,
Jamshoro
Pakistan possesses the seventh largest lignite resource in the world with 193 billion tonnes of lignite/coal reserves mainly concentrated in Thar
region in the eastern part of Sindh Province. Practically all coal rich
nations, regardless of their stage of economic development, have made appropriate use of indigenous coal resources to support their electricity
generation sector. For a nation whose identified resources of coal could
support, without doubt, its electricity needs for centuries, Pakistans massive reliance on imported oil for electricity production should be viewed as an anomaly. Development of Thar coal has been a dream of
the people of Pakistan since its discovery. Many efforts, made so far by
Pakistan has not yielded any concrete result due to multifarious reasons, including technical, financial, geo-political and security
This paper encompasses various engineering aspects including resource evaluation, coal mining methods, design alternatives, ground water
management and power generation at Thar lignite filed. According to the
findings of current research, both underground and surface mining
methods are suitable for Thar coal field based on the vertical stripping ratio. The surface mining method is feasible for only 46% of the deposit
whereas the underground mining method (longwall mining method) is
suitable for 54% of the entire Thar deposit. The technical and engineering comparison of surface and underground mining is presented.
It is concluded that the development of surface mine at Thar requires
USD 1114 million for 6.5 million ton capacity mine whereas an underground mine with capacity of 3 million ton only requires USD 200
million. It is recommended that initially an underground mine may be
developed at Thar with development period of 3 years and requires less
capital cost as compared to opencast mining.
Keywords: Thar coal, surface mining, stripping ratio, longwall mining
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Challenges, Strategies And Risk Management During
Underground Coal Gasification
Asadullah Memon
1, Bilal Shams Memon
1, Faisal Hussain Memon
1, Hafeez-
ur-Rahman2, Abdul Haque Tunio
1Lecturer, Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran
UET SZAB Khairpur 2Professor, Institute of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Mehran UET
Jamshoro
Advancement in developing activities in coal mining has attempted to
enhance recoveries since last two decades. Basically, underground Coal Gasification (UCG) converts coal to valuable gases and these gases are
an alternative to natural gas and potentially offer cost effective and
environmental friendly methods by eliminating coal mining, transport
and solid waste generated.
During UCG process, coal decomposes and generates four valuable
products like CO2, H2, CO and CH4. CO2 emissions and storage is one of the most important challenges now days being faced as CO2
emissions cause global warming and ocean oxidization. Mitigation of
these emissions by converting low value fuel (CO2, H2 and CO) into a
Synthesis Gas and it can be used to produce power, hydrogen and basic chemical like Methanol and Ammonia. Alternatively, Sequestration of
CO2 in un-mineable coal seams is an important strategy for the
mitigation of global warming, greenhouse gas effect and anthropogenic hazards.
This research study covers the effective and efficient methodology by utilization of all underground product gases which may results reducing
emissions, protect environment and to produce Power, Hydrogen and
Basic Chemical.
Keywords: Coal Bed Methane, CO2 emissions, Coal Gasification, CO2
Sequestration
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Wireless Sensor Network Applications for Coal Mines
Faisal Karim Shaikh, Nafeesa Zaki, Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro
With the availability of cheap hardware and the standardization of
wireless communication standards, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are
reality now. This is evident from the increasing amount of research being done in the area of WSN, and the growing number of off the shelf WSN
solutions. Accordingly, the WSN are utilized in diverse application
domains. Possible applications of WSN are of interest to the most diverse fields. Environmental monitoring, warfare, child education, surveillance,
micro-surgery, agriculture, and coal mines are only a few examples.
In coal mines the wired network can be effective in many parts of the
mine due to its reliability and high data rates. However, it has
disadvantages for certain places due to complex topographic features and
equipment layout, such as the face and the goaf of the coal mine. Limited by the complex underground conditions, WSN are more suitable for data
transmission in coal mines.
In this regard, we realize that there is a great need for an unambiguous
classification of WSN applications for Coal mines. Such a classification
scheme would benefit the WSN research and coal mining community. We consider the spectrum of applications ranging from static WSN to the
heterogeneous applications for the classification. The classification
scheme is based on functionality of the application. The application
attributes are grouped into five broad categories: communication standards, scalability, energy efficiency, sensing capabilities, and other features. Each of these is further classified to provide sufficient details that are required for a typical Coal mine WSN application.
Keywords: WSN, coal mines, communication
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Integrated Openpit Mine Design at Thar Lignite Field: A
Proposed Study
Fahad Irfan Siddiqui1, Abdul Ghani Pathan
1 and Bahtiyar NVER
2 1Department of Mining, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology,
Jamshoro, Pakistan 2Department of Mining, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
The current research work is an endeavor to conduct an integrated mine
design practice at Thar lignite field, Pakistan. Being an energy-deficient
country, Pakistan must have to develop and exploit the indigenous and sustainable energy sources to fulfill its exponentially increasing energy
needs. The indigenous coal reserves of Pakistan can play an important
role to eradicate current energy crisis. Thar lignite field (the largest coal
reserves of Pakistan, approximately 175.506 billion tons) is still unexploited due to various technical, economical, and geo-political
reasons. In this regard, a PhD research project has been envisaged to
facilitate the exploitation of Thar lignite reserves through an indigenous research.
This research work will include collection of geological data from
existing boreholes in various exploration blocks of Thar, literature review on basic geostatistics, geostatistical estimations and simulation,
block modeling techniques, ultimate pit limits algorithms, pit
optimization techniques, conduct of geostatistical estimation and simulation for quantity and quality parameters of Thar lignite, pit and
waste dump design.
It is hoped that this research work will provide comprehensive solution
to the problems of Thar lignite field. The outcomes of the research will
furnish reliable insitu lignite reserve estimates with quantified
uncertainty; quality attributes maps for identification of favorable areas for economical and productive exploitation and various mining scenarios
or alternatives for exploitation of Thar lignite.
Keywords: Thar coal, pit limits, pit optimization, SURPAC, geostatistics,
block models
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Coal Mine Safety Regulation in Sindh as Compare to USA
Farhad Ali Panhwar
1, Riaz Ahmed
1 and Waheed Ali Panhwar
2 1Mehran University of Engineering and Science and Technology, Jamshoro
2University of Sindh Jamshoro
USA and Sindh (Pakistan) are the worlds largest producers and consumers of coal. Production of the coal is inherently risky. Its fatalities
are unavoidable in the large coal economic point of view. Sindh (Pakistan) has developed complex system of law to regulate the coal
mine safety.
Inspite of similarities between the separate systems of mining law, the Sindh significantly trails the USA in terms of coal mine safety. Instead of
large disparity in economic development, it may be inappropriate to
compare USA and Sindh. However, the Sindh mine safety record is significantly worse than that of other large producers who are similarly
underdeveloped. It appears that the Pakistan (Sindh) has failed to
effectively implement its mining safety laws. Several arguments have been made as to the cause of this failure, including lack of judicial
review of agency actions, lack of Meaningful trade unions, government
corruption and geographical difficulties of controlling rural mines with a
central government. Present study explores similarities and differences between the coal economies of the Sindh (Pakistan) and USA, and
introduces some of the arguments used to explain the gap in safety.
Keywords: Sindh, safety, labour, mining, mine law
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Regulation of Occupational Health and Safety in the
Pakistans Coal Mining Sector
Shah Murad
Department of Law, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology,
Karachi.
Coal mining has played a dominant role in the socio-economic
development, employment generation and sustainable development
globally. Coal accounted the largest energy source for electricity production in the world. Pakistan has also been endowed with
immense untapped coal reservoirs. Now Pakistan is increasingly looking
towards foreign investment in the mining sector to cope with ongoing energy crisis in the country. Although application of modern technology
has improved safety in the mining sector but fatal accidents in the mines
are consistently increasing due to hazardous gas explosions and lack of
preventive measures. Pakistani coal mines are considered among the world deadliest and claim several lives every year. However, at present,
there is no law in Pakistan to regulate the occupational health and safety
needs of miners. Mining often involves potential hazardous, accordingly the International Labor Organization (ILO) adopted Safety and Health in
Mines Convention, 1995 (No. 176) and its accompanying
Recommendation No.183, which set out a guideline for bringing about improvement in the working conditions of miners. In order to promote
decent work in the mining sector, government should devise adequate
legislative framework in conformity with the ILOs Conventions for the occupational health and safety of miners. This paper addresses deficiencies in the existing legal system of Pakistan in the context of
regulating the occupational health and safety in the mining industry and
proposes possible solutions.
Keywords: Occupational Health & Safety, Coal Mining, ILO, Legal
Regime
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THEME 2:
COAL GEOLOGY
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GIS Based Coalfield Assessment: A Case Study of Thar
Coalfield of Pakistan
Sarfraz Hussain Solangi*, Imdadullah Siddiqui*, Imdad Ali Brohi*, Abdul
Salam Soomro**, and Agha Asadullah* * Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro,
Pakistan
** Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Mehran
University of Engineering and Technology,
Jamshoro, Pakistan
This paper develops a Geographic Information System (GIS) based
geodatabase for improved assessment of Thar coalfield of Pakistan (Fig. 1). Based on the existing data the GIS database in the form of spatial
maps and tables provide effective means of data analysis, quantitative
resource assessment and effective management. A number of reports
published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) summarize the results of Thar coal
exploration surveys carried out since 1992. Fassett and Durrani (1994)
first time produced a report about the occurrence, quantity, and quality of Thar coal and designated the Thar coalfield as the eleventh largest coal
resource of world. Initial efforts of USGS and GSP include drilling of
total 38 exploratory boreholes from 1992 to 1994. Since then 12 blocks ranging in size from 63 to 122 square km each (Fig. 2) within Thar
coalfield were thoroughly explored by boreholes drilled at 1 to 2 km
interval in order to gain in depth knowledge about the quality as well as
measured, indicated and inferred coal resources of each Block. Thus there exist two types of analysis results. One are those of Fassett and
Durrani (1994) for the whole Thar coalfield produced on the basis of
borehole data obtained at an interval of 22km over an area of about 5000 sq. Km. The other results are those produced by high resolution drilling
data obtained from 12 blocks (Sindh Coal Authority reports) (Fig. 3).
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Fig. 1. Location map of Thar coalfield
Fig. 2. Isopach map of cumulative coal seam thickness in Thar coalfield (modified after Fassett and Durrani, 1994) and location of 12 blocks
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Fig. 3.Isopach map of cumulative coal thickness of Block VIII (from Sindh coal Authority report)
Based on the above results, satellite images, and high resolution ASTER
DEM data two separate geodatabases have been created for each of the above analysis results. The geodatabases include shapefiles/layers and
data tables of borehole locations, data summary, isopach maps of
cumulative coal thickness, overburden and thickest bench of coal seam, structure contour map, coal quality maps and coal resource estimate
tables. Various geological, geographical, and physiographic features
within the coalfield surroundings have also been compiled as shapefiles.
The integration of two geodatabases allowed to produce GIS based
refined isopach maps, 3D coal seam overlays, 3D terrain analysis maps,
and other coal characterization maps for whole Thar coalfield. The calculation of coal resources based on modified isopach map using GIS
software has produced new resource estimates for Thar coalfield. The
GIS based comprehensive geodatabase facilitates quick, reliable, and improved resource assessment which can be helpful in decision making
for the development of coalfield and other issues related to land use,
resettlement plan, and environment.
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Understanding Thar Coal
Zahoor A. Abbasi
Delta Engineering Tetra Tech Group San Diego, California USA
Much has been talked about Thar Coal. Provincial and Federal
Governments have fought over its ownership, created numerous
organizations along the way without a clear vision. Lack of strategic policy guidelines has resulted in a series of very costly ad-hoc decisions
in the past 20 years. Current energy crises has created a renewed interest
for including Thar Coal in the energy mix, especially due to declining natural gas production and the skyrocketing imported Oil prices.
Govt. of Sindhs efforts for Development of Thar Coal have included creating a Private/Public sector partnership with Engro, signing MOUs with various investors and massively funding the experimental and
dangerously destructive technology of underground Coal Gasification
(UCG) which has the potential to endanger the entire Thar coal resource. These efforts by the GOS, however well intentioned, have not worked
due to lack of professional capacity within the system for understanding
the fundamentals associated with a project of this kind and scope.
Past few years have seen a flurry of activity, tall claims of energy
production have been made by all and sundry, However after spending billions we are no closer to creating energy from Thar Coal today than
we were 20 years ago, we may even be a few steps behind due to
confusion created by numerous ad hoc, counterproductive and
contradictory decisions which are costing the nation both ways.
Thar coal has become a bonanza for consultants, contractors and
opportunists who are clearly controlling the agenda. Due to energy shortage in Pakistan the economy is suffering and there is social unrest.
Thar Coal obviously holds the key; it is the most viable and the cheapest
source of thermal energy in Pakistan at $2 per Mmbtu (Million British
Thermal Units), compared with Furnace Oil @ over $20 per Mmbtu.
Keywords: Thar coal, energy, consultancy, Sindh government
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Bulk Mineralogy Of The Coal Bearing Formation (Bara) From
SB-24 & ST-24 Boreholes, Thar Coalfield Of Sindh Province
Asgher Ali- Daahar Hakro, Imdadullah Siddiqui and Mashooque Ali
Warar
Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
The rock samples from Thar coalfield of Sindh, Pakistan, have been
investigated for the mineral composition, and environments of the
deposition. Quartz, Kaolinite, Chlorite, K-and feldspar show their presence under Scanning Electronic Microscopic study. Quartz and
kaolinite were major minerals, and muscovite showed as minor mineral
under the X-ray diffraction analyses. These minerals are indicated that they were transported by denudation agents from the area where Igneous
and Metamorphic rocks exposures were exposed.
Keywords: Quartz (low), Bulk mineralogy, Thar coal field, XRD
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Pore Volume, Pore Diameter And Surface Area Of Thar,
Lakhra And Meting Coals Of Sindh, Pakistan
Imdadullah Siddiqui, Sarfraz Hussain Solangi and Mashoque Ali Warar
Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
The coal is a porous material with wide range of pore size including
macro-, meso- and micro- porous systems. The porosity plays important role in extraction of methane from coal seams, gasification and
liquification. The pore volume distribution may be used to predict the gas
adsorption capacity of coal. The primary mechanism of gas retention in
coal beds is adsorption on internal surface area, which is in general function of micropore volume. In lower Indus basin (Sindh province)
four major coalfields are found, named as (1) Thar (2) Lakhra (in
Jamshoro district) (3) Meting-Jhimpir (4) Sonda (both in Thatta district). These coal deposits occur in the Bara Formation (Middle Palaeocene)
and in the Sohnari Member of the Early Eocene Laki Formation. Thar
coalfield is the largest coalfield of Pakistan and is located on the Indus
Platform in Thar Desert in south-eastern corner of Pakistan. It covers an area of about 9,000 sq. kms. In this study samples from Lakhra, Meting-
Jhimpir and Thar coalfield; were studied for the adsorption capacity of
coals. Nitogen porosometry analyses were performed using NOVA 2200e Quantachrome surface analyzer for the determination of Pore
volume, Pore diameter and Surface area in coal. The Brunauer Emmett
and Teller (BET) equation was applied for the determination of surface area[1].
Table 1. Showing Pore diameter, Pore volume and BET surface area in
coal from Thar, Lakhra and Meting-Jhimpir coalfield.
Thar Block/Seam BJH BET Surface
area
Pore diameter
Pore volume
cc/g
SBET m2/g
Thar Block-VI 35.27 0.08 42.27
Thar Block-VII
Thar Block-VIII 118.15 2.36 143.29
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Thar Block-X / IV
(181m)
72.29 0.13 74.17
Thar Block-X (184m) 120.39 1.18 113.61
Thar Block-X (188m) 34.81 0.06 39.26
Lakhra 121.5 2.36 141.26
Meting-Jhimpir 75.78 0.14 70.10
In coal methane (CH4) is generated as primary or secondary biogeneic
gas, which is entrapped within coal molecules. The absorbability and flowability of coalbed methane in coal depends upon the geometry of
pores[2]. As per IUPAC classification pores are classified as micropores,
having diameter of 500 diameter[3]. The
pore diameter in investigated coal as displayed in Table.1, and shows
that pores in Thar coal block VI and X (at the depth of 181m) are nearly mesopores pore (i.e. 35.27 and 34.81 diameter). While in block VII
and VIII of Thar coalfield, while in Thar coal at the depth of 184m in
block X, the size of the pore is increasing. In Lakhra and Meting-
Jhimpir coal pores are of mesopore size i.e. 121.5 and 75.78 diameter. And these pores may serve as transport pathways. From CBM
study point of view pores in coal are further divided into two levels and
six categories[4], pores in samples from Block VI of Thar coalfield are characterized as surface diffusion, while samples from block-VII, VII
and X have pores that known as mixed diffusion i.e. surface and
Kundsen diffusion. The coal samples from Lakhra and Meting-Jhimpir
have pores that termed as transitional pore.
The surface area is inherently linked to the pore size distribution in coal,
whereby surface area progressively increases with decline pore size for a given volume. BET surface area in Thar coal samples varies from 39.26
m2/g143.29 m2/g. And samples from Lakhra coalfield has surface area 141.26 m2/g, and Meting-Jhimpir coal samples has surface area 70.10 m2/g. The pore volume distribution is used to predict the adsorption
capacity in coal, In Thar coal, the pore volume ranges from 0.06 2.36cc/g, while the pore volume in Lakhra coal is 2.36cc/g and in
Meting-Jhimpir coal its volume is 0.14cc/g. The mesopore and macropores in investigated samples will serve as transport path way, and
little gas may be stored in these pores in adsorbed state [5].
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1st International Coal Conference (ICC2013) 7
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THEME 3:
COAL
CHARACTERIZATION
AND UPGRADATION
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Gasification Technology - Advances and Obstacles
Yoichi Kodera
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Japan
Gasification technology has been applied to coal conversion, and
recently to waste-to-energy applications. Historically to say, the purpose of coal gasification is for city gas production, followed by syngas
production for liquid fuel production like in SASOL process and for the
production of methanol and ammonia like in TEXCO process. Coal is known to have the longer minable years than petroleum. Gasification
draws the more attentions as a clean way to generate hydrocarbons and
hydrogen. Recently, the conversion of wood, plastics, or agricultural
wastes into gaseous fuel has been studied by many researchers. Some plants are commercial, but some are still under development. The waste-
to-energy technology often faces not only technical problems but also
socioeconomic obstacles to be established as a feasible system in business. Table 1 shows the clarification of gasification technology.
Usually, gasification is the conversion of organic resources into gaseous
products, typically syngas, in the presence of a gasifying agent. Pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere is a part of gasification because of
the formation of gaseous products from wood and plastics with the
generation of solid residue. Gasification under oxygen or air can be
considered as partial combustion, which is different from combustion under excess air.
There are three major technologies, i.e. fixed-bed, fluidized-bed and entrained-bed gasification. Some are used as commercial gasifiers for
power generation or syngas production. Coal gasification using a fixed-
bed gasifier is typically known as Lurgi process. Entrained-bed gasification of coal is commercially operated in TEXACO process. A
fluidized-bed gasifier has been studies by many engineers and
researchers to establish a commercial process.
Table 1. Classification of gasification and the other technologies
Technology Conditions Feed and products
Gasification Thermal gasification with
the gasifying agent like
O2, H2O, CO2 and H2.
Coal under O2,H2OSyngas Carbon under CO2CO Coal under H2CH4+H2+H2O
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Pyrolytic
gasification
Thermal gasification
under inert atmosphere.
Woodcharcoal+tar+H2, CO, CO2
Plasticshydrocarbon (oil and gas)
Combustion Complete combustion
under enough air. Coalhot flue gaschar Woodhot flue gascharcoal Plasticshot flue gas
One of the most important factors for successful operation of coal
gasification is to match the properties of coal with the type of gasifier.
Table 2 shows the features of gasification in three types of gasifiers in relations to the features of coal. Clinker trouble, slugging and fouling are
the typical troubles that are caused by melting ash. And there are some
other factors to consider, for example, particle size of coal, selection of
gasifying agents and operation pressure.
For biomass and plastic wastes, there are the other factors to govern the
economic and technical feasibility to lead the success of gasification; for example, cost and efficiency in collection system and transportation.
On April 2013, a coal gasification process for power generation started its commercial operation after a long term of R&D on the integrated
gasification combined cycle (IGCC) since 1986. The Nakoso power
plant has five commercial facilities including plants of one (175 MW) by
heavy oil-fired process, three (250, 600, 600 MW) by conventional coal-fired process and a new one (250 MW) by IGCC process. The new plant
achieved the higher generating efficiency around 40% and the lower
environmental impacts with the combination of newly-improved equipment such as turbine and gas cleaning systems. The coal-
gasification power generation still competes with a pulverized-coal fired
power generation with super-critical steam generation for its generating efficiency, cost and environmental impacts.
Table 2 Features of gasification of each gasifier and coal
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Example of
the features of
gasification
Fixed-bed
gasification
Fluidized-bed
gasification
Entrained-bed
gasification
Feeding shape
of coal
Lump coal 30 to
50 mm diameter.
Use of dust coal
should be
considered.
Pulverized coal
upto 3 mm
diameter. Use of
dust coal should
be considered.
Pulverized coal
upto 0.1 mm
diameter. Large
energy is
consumed for
crushing.
Temperature Under 900 C to
avoid clinker
trouble
Under 900 C to
avoid clinker
trouble
1350 to 1600 C
to promote ash
slugging
Dust
formation
escaping from
a gasifier
Less amounts Lager amounts of
ash and char.
Escape of char
lowers carbon
conversion.
Larger amounts
of fly ash
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Future of Coal - International Perspective
Shah Zulfiqar Haider
Narayanganj Palli Bidyut Samity
(Narayanganj Rural Electric Cooperative)
Nanakhi, Sonargaon, Narayanganj, Bangladesh.
World energy need is increasing at geometric rate. So far we mainly depended on fossil fuel and mainly Coal. The rich developed Nuclear
power plants, but after Tsunami in Fukushima and nuclear disaster, the
dependency on Coal has further increased though it is main source of
global warming.
The major coal producing countries in the world are China, USA, India,
Australia, Russia, South Africa, Indonesia, Germany and Poland. Wheras major coal consuming countries in the world are China, USA, India,
Germany, Russia, Japan, South Africa, Australia and Poland. So we find
China is the no 1 Coal producing and consuming country and India is desperately following China. Why? Because it is easy to extract,
generate electricity and less costly.
Even in USA, maximum Energy production is through Coal followed by natural gas, crude oil. Nuclear generation is in fourth position.
Coal in the Developing World: In race for new power plants, coal rank no 1. It is found that 483 power companies have proposed new coal-fired
plants across 59 countries. Most of these proposed plants are in
developing nationsmainly Chins and India. These two countries account for 76 percent of the proposed new coal power capacity. New coal-fired plants are also proposed in some developing countries where
theres currently limited or no domestic coal production, such as Cambodia and Senegal. The United States ranks seventh out of all countries, with 36 proposed plants with a capacity of more than 20,000
MW. Not all of these projects will necessarily be approved and
developedthe report only looks at proposed new plants. However, this research shows a significantand troublinginterest in coal development globally. Even in Bangladesh Coal is considered to be next
main primary fuel for electricity generation. The easiest solution to
electricity crises in Pakistan is through Coal generation.
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Environmental Impact due to coal generation: IECG and International Electric hold in dispute many of the commonly held concepts about the
environmental impacts of coal fired electrical generation. We believe that
the benefits far outweigh any potential negative impacts. IECG and
CRPG work with the community and with recognized experts to minimize and eliminate any potential environments hazards such as:
Coal mining causes severe erosion, resulting in the leaching of toxic chemicals into nearby streams and aquifers, and destroys habitants.
About two-thirds of sulfur dioxide, one-third of carbon dioxide emissions
and one quarter of the nitrogen oxides emissions in the U.S. are produced by coal burning. Its burning also results in the emission of fine particles
matter into the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and fine airborne particles
exacerbate asthma, reduce lung function and cause respiratory diseases
and premature death for many thousands of Americans. Smog formed by nitrogen oxide and reactive organic gases causes crop, forest and
property damage. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides both combine with
water in the atmosphere to create acid rain. Acid rain acidifies the soils and water killing off plants, fish, and the animals that depend on them.
Global warming is mainly caused by carbon dioxide emissions and is
responsible for at least half of the warming. But above all coal will lead as main energy for electricity generation.
Key words: Greenhouse gas, Global warming, clean coal, Carbon
dioxide, Black cotton
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Strength Evaluation of Indigenously Developed KPK Coal
Briquettes
Muddasar Habib
1, Amad Ullah Khan
1, Shah Saud Khan
2, Unsia Habib
1,
Jameel Ahmed1, Naveed ul Hasan
1, and Sultan Ali
1.
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
2Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
The present energy crisis in developing countries such as Pakistan has
forced the national and local governments to look into unitizing the indigenous low cost energy resources. The Khyber Pukhtunkhuwa
(KPK) province, located in the North-West, has considerable reserves of
low ranked coal and its effective upgrading and utilization can help meet
the local energy needs. Grabbing on the opportunity of devising a mechanism for the local and low cost coal up-gradation this work has
looked into developing coal briquettes of acceptable combustion and
mechanical properties. These have been achieved by identifying optimum compositions of coal, binder and filler to give acceptable levels
of compression strength, ease in combustion both in confined and open
places. A simple briquetting machine was indigenously designed with the aim of local technology transfer and to boost the affordability by the
local population. Coal briquettes used in this work were made by
varying the organic (Starch and poly vinyl acetate (PVA)) binder
strength with a fixed amount of powered coal. The briquettes were then analyzed for their mechanical properties by the Universal Testing
Machine (UTM). The surface structure and/or composition were looked
into by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
The UTM results showed that briquettes made with starch binder had
good compression strength (4000N) in comparison with others. This was also confirmed by SEM which showed low surface porosity for starch
blended briquettes. The low surface porosity resulted in showing high
water resistive and shatter indexes hence giving high compression
strength.
Key words: Coal, briquettes, binder, SEM, UTM, strength
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Designing and Fabrication of Indigenous Mechanical Press for
Preparation Of Coal Briquettes
Suhail A.Soomro, Anand Parkash, Shaheen Aziz, Sikander M.Almani
Department of Chemical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering &
Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Pakistan is facing crises in energy sector due to un-utilization of local energy
resources. Pakistan is 6th rank in coal rich countries. Coal present in Pakistan is
mostly lignite and it is also low rank coal because of high percentage of moisture and sulphur. The directly usage of this low grade coal is harmful for
health & un-friendly to the environment. Coal Briquetting Technology is clean,
economical and most important environmental friendly technology for use of
Pakistans (Thar Coal) low grade coal reserves. Briquetted form of coal is free from impurities like SO2 and CO which are hazardous to environment. These
impurities are main cause of global warming and acid rain. The briquetted form
of coal increased calorific value and decreased impurities like sulphur
compounds and fly ash with the using of different additives. Calcium carbonate
and calcium oxide (lime) are used as additive in coal briquetting. In our
research, we have used different samples of Thar and lakhra coal. By different
experiments, we get results that the ash and moisture contents in Thar coal are
low as compared to Lakhra coal therefore Thar coal is suitable for coal briquetting as compared to Lakhra coal.
Our research work has been carried out on Designing and fabrication of
indigenous press for preparation of coal briquettes. The capacity of mechanical
press is up to fourteen briquettes and can produce different shapes of briquettes
in single batch. The briquettes produce by our mechanical press are cheap,
economical and environment friendly as shown by results. Coal briquetting
technology gives a path to utilize a Pakistan low grade coal resources in a better
way. Our prepare coal briquettes show positive results for sulphur tests and
calorific value tests. Sulphur is not producing which is very much successful
result. Calorific value results are also desirable if we properly dry briquettes in sun or in drier then increment is sure. These coal briquettes can be utilized in
gasifiers, kilns and boilers etc. These are very much feasible and economical as
compare to the other fuel or sources of energy.
Keywords: Coal briquettes, Energy crises, Sulphur, Environment, Gasifier
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Evaluation of Optimum Composition of Starch as a Binding
Material for Square Coal Briquettes
Amad Ullah Khan, Muhammad Babar, Muddasar Habib, Unsia Habib,
Jameel Ahmed, Naveed ul Hasan, and Sultan Ali
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
Various coal samples from Darra Adam Khel (KPK) region were
collected for making the square shaped coal briquettes. Starch solutions
of different concentrations were used as organic binding material. Coal briquettes were made using an indigenously designed and fabricated lab
scale apparatus. The strength and porosity of the prepared samples was
analyzed by compression test carried out by Universal Testing Machine
(UTM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis respectively. This resulted in data generation for determining strength of these
briquettes. The set of results obtained for these square coal briquettes
were then compared among themselves to find the optimum performance value of starch solution as a binding material. The results in terms of
strength and combustion calculation of this research work will help in
gaining concentration of implementing bodies for application on a pilot scale. This project is aimed to reduce load on the current trend of
extensive deforestation by providing an alternative energy source. Proper
utilization of this project will help our country in overcoming current
energy crisis.
Keywords: Coal briquettes, starch solution, binding materials.
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THEME 4:
EMISSION AND THEIR
CONTROL
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Coal Mines Wastewater Characteristics and Their Treatment
and Disposal Technologies in China
Jiane Zuo, Jian Zhao, Lili Gan and Dongbei Yue
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
After introducing some basic information about Chinas coal storage and coal mines distribution, the characteristics and treatment techniques of
wastewater from coal mining and coal washing processes and their effects on environments were discussed, and the characteristics of
wastewater produced from different coal chemical industries including
coal gasification, coal liquefaction, and coal coking, etc., and some novel treatment technologies were summarized.
Keywords: Coal, Mine water, waste water, washing effluent
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Environmental Assessment of Thar Coal fields
A.K Ansari, M.A.Shishmahal, Mariam Mangi,
The Government of Sindh intends to develop one of the worlds largest coal deposits located in the Thar region of Sindh, for the generation of
much needed energy.
At present ten potential coal Development Blocks or areas have been
identified by Government of Sindh and two more area in the development stages. Activities associated with the extraction, processing
and generation of power from coal have the potential to general
significant contamination to ground and surface water and the key to minimizing this contamination is to develop controls at the source.
For this study, eleven water samples were collected from different
locations, considering a nearby village or water body from the ambient air identified position and coordinates. The survey indicates that water is
unfit for human consumption. Chlorides and the total dissolved solids,
exceed WHO drinking water standards for almost all the wells, the total hardness is above the standards limit. Similarly, aluminum, manganese,
lead, antimony and nickel also exceed the WHO limits in several wells,
the carcinogen arsenic was found to exceed the WHO limits in few wells.
Settlements constitute the anchor point of the infrastructure surveys.
Overall, the distribution of these settlements across entire Tharparkar
District includes the towns of Islam kot, charcharo and comparatively larger villages of Khairo Ghulam Shah, Dhaklo, Rohi raro, Tilvai and
Thario Halepota. Majority settlements belong to chacharo talika and are
located within 3-4 kilometers of each other.
Settlements within the concession blocks have an average area of 0.9km2
varying between the lowest in block III and highest in block VII. It is
important to develop these coal fields in such a manner that there is no major environmental impacts on water quality, settlements, ambient air
quality and wild life living in close surrounding.
Keywords: Thar coal, EIA, WHO, rehabilitation, wild life
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Environmental Effect and Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) Of
Washed & Un-Washed Coal at Lakhra Coal Power Plant
Cyril Maqsood Khokhar
1 and Rasool Bux Mahar
2 1Chemical Engineer, FBC Power Station Lakhra
2Co-Director, Environmental Engg: and Management Dept. MUET, Jamshoro
The study has been carried out on Lakhra Coal Fired Power Plant, the
only Coal Power Plant in Public Sector, the Lakhra coal reserves were the largest coal field while Thar coal was not explored. Lakhra coal is
known as a Brown Lignite having High Ash contents & High Sulfur contents i.e. 30% & 7%respectivily. Lakhra Power Company contributes
3x50 MW, electricity generation in to the National Grid system.
This study has focused on the emissions of Sulfur Oxides & production
of Ash (Particulate Matters) in order to evaluat