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Abbreviations and Bibliography
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Index of Tablets
A 24194. Published in [MCT 107-112, PI 15]. 349 nA13, 350
A 24195. Published in [MCT 119-122, PI 16]. 349 nA13, 351 nA14
AO 6484. Published in [MKT I 96-99, III 53]. 2, 132, 389, 390, 392 nA85, 397 nA88, 405
AO 6770. Published in [MKT II 37/; cf. III 62ff]. 20, 125 n.147, 179-182,209,225,307,337, 341-343, 351, 366, 372, 387
AO 8862. Published in [MKT I 108-113, II Taf. 35-38; III 53]. 20, 30 n.52, 31, 37, 38, 125 n.147, 134, 162-174, 178, 179 n.204, 180, 181, 216 n.243, 217 n.244, 221, 225, 249, 259, 278, 287,289 n.330, 292, 301, 307, 328, 336 n.393, 337, 338, 338 n.395, 340-345, 347, 348, 372, 378, 381, 387, 407
AO 10822. Published in [MKT I 123f, III 53]. much improved in [Friberg 2001: 90/]. 350
AO 17264. Published in [MKT I 126/]. 347 nA09, 387
BM 13901. Published in [ThureauDangin 1936a]. 11 n.15, 13, 17 n.25, 50-55, 57-60, 66-77, 70 n.95, 99-103, 108-111, 125 n.149, 132-136, 156, 161, 163, 172, 191, 193, 198, 199, 216, 221, 222-226, 241 n.266, 250, 251 n.279, 252, 253 n.284, 257, 267, 269, 280, 284, 286 n.323, 288, 290, 290 n.331, 292, 294, 295, 298 n.340, 302-306, 324 n.371, 330 n.379, 339, 343,
346, 348, 349, 351, 351 nA14, 354, 355, 356, 358, 368, 373, 374, 376, 380-383, 387, 413
BM 15285. Published in [MKT I 137]; with an additional fragment in [Saggs 1960]; with yet another in [Robson 1999: 208-217]. 2, 25 n.39, 40, 59-60, 69 n.94, 89 n.119, 105, 252, 262, 304-307, 330 n.379, 357
BM 34568. Published in [MKT III 14-17].22,389-399,405,406, 408-410
BM 80209. Published in [Friberg 1981a]. 225, 287, 304, 305, 330 n.381, 350, 371, 372
BM 85194. Published in [MKT I 143-151; cf. III 53].2,30,36, 76 n.102, 156 n.187, 217-222, 233, 272-275, 281, 286, 307, 318,329-331, 329 n.378, 330 n.381, n.382, 350, 385, 386
BM 85196. Published in [MKT II 43-46]. 223, 275, 276, 300, 301, 307, 318, 329, 330, 330 n.381, 331, 331 n.382, 334 n.388, 349, 350, 382 nA71, 385, 386
BM 85200+VAT 6599. Published in [MKT I 193ff, II PI 7-8 (photo), PI 39-40 (hand copy)]. 20, 35, 50 n.75, 66, 137, 145-166, 173-175, 173 n.199, 175 n.199, 193,260,267 n.305, 269, 283 n.320, 286, 295, 300-303, 305, 318, 320, 324, 329-331, 330 n.379, n.381, 331 n.382, 347, 348 nAIl, 349, 381
BM 85210. Published in [MKT I 219-223, III 55]. 2, 30, 50 n.75, 261 n.295, 318, 329-441, 330 n.379, n.381, 331 n.382, 343, 357
BM 96957. See also VAT 6598. 28 n.48, 88, 268 n.306, 385
CBM 12648. Published in [MKT I 2341], much improved in [Friberg 2001: 149].344,354 n.419, 360 n.429, 377 n.463
CBS 43. Published in [Robson 2000: 39]. 253 n.284, 354, 355, 383 n.472
CBS 154+921. Published in [Robson 2000: 40]. 354, 355
CBS 165. Published in [Robson 2000: 43]. 354, 355
CBS 11681. Published in [Robson 2000: 32/]. 344, 354, 355
CBS 19761. Published in [Robson 2000: 36/]. 28 n.47, 35 n.59, 224, 354, 355
Dbz-146. Published in [Baqir 1962]. 70 n.95, 155 n.185, 224 n.249, 257-261,319 n.361, 322-324, 332, 341, 344, 352, 385-387, 406
Haddad 104. Published in [AlRawi and Roaf 1984]. 28, 32 n.55, 322, 323, 325, 332, 334, 376 n.462, 378
1M 43993. Preliminary publication in [Friberg and al-Rawi 1994a]. 85 n.111, 322-324, 322 n.368, 338, 343, 372
1M 52301. Published in [Baqir 19S0a]. 27 n.45, 156 n.187, 213-217,230,231,248,257, 259, 260, 283 n.320, 322-325, 336 n.393, 344
1M 52916+52685+52304. Published in [Goetze 1951]. 216 n.243, 239 n.264, 286, 322-324, 328, 336 n.393, 338, 339, 349, 354, 358, 376, 381
Index of Tablets 429
1M 53953. Published in [Baqir 1951: 31]. 319 n.361
1M 53957. Published in [Baqir 1951: 37]. 319 n.361, 321, 341 n.399, 366, 382, 387, 405
1M 53961. Published in [Baqir 1951: 35]. 319 n.361
1M 53965. Published in [Baqir 1951: 39]. 155 n.185, 319 n.361, 320, 341 n.400, 351
1M 54010. Published in [Baqir 1951: 38]. 319 n.361
1M 54011. Published in [Baqir 1951: 45].319 n.361. n.362, 320, 320 n.365, 324
1M 54464. Published in [Baqir 1951: 43]. 319 n.361, n.362, n.363, 320, 322, 333
1M 54478. Published in [Baqir 1951: 30]. 319 n.361, 320, 331 n.382
1M 54538. Published in [Baqir 1951: 33]. 319 n.361, 320 n.365
1M 54559. Published in [Baqir 1951: 41]. 155 n.185, 319 n.361, n.363, 320, 323 n.369
1M 55357. Published in [Baqir 1950]. 231-234, 257, 266 n.303, 274, 322-325, 326 n.374, 332, 334 n.388, 343, 350, 351, 353, 357, 357 n.424, 376, 377
1M 58045. Published in [Friberg 1990: 541 = §4.4]. 237
1M 121613. Preliminary publication in [Friberg and al-Rawi 1994a]. 322-324, 338, 372
1st S 428. Published in [MKT I 80/]. 347 n.409
M 10, John F. Lewis Collection, Free Libr. Philadelphia. Published in [Sachs 1952: 152]. 29 n.50, 297 n.339
MIO 1107. Published in [ThureauDangin 1897: 13, 15]. 104, 103
430 Index of Tablets
MLC 1354. Published in [MCT 56/, PI 21]. 329-332
MLC 1842. Published in [MCT 106, PI 22]. 206 n.234, 286, 323 n.369, 332
MLC 1950. Published in [MeT 48, PI 2]. 329 n.377, 331, 332, 335, 337
NBC 7934. Published in [MeT 55, PI 2]. 27, 350
Plimpton 322. Published in [MeT 38, PI 2 (A)]. 337, 386
Str 362. Published in [MKT I 239/; cf. III 56]; hand copy [Frank 1928: #6 = pi iv-v]. 209, 335-337, 351
Str 363. Published in [MKT I 244f]; hand copy [Frank 1928: #7 = pi v-vi]. 76 n.102, 77, 136, 252, 330 n.379, 335, 336, 343
Str 364. Published in [MKT I 248-250], hand copy [Frank 1928: #8 = PI vi]. 335, 337, 341 n.400, 351
Str 366. Published in [MKT I 257, III 56], hand copy [Frank 1928: #9 = pi vii]. 31 n.53, 335, 336
Str 367. Published in [MKT I 259/], hand copy [Frank 1928: #10 = pi viii]. 28 n.47, 30, 31, 213, 239-244, 283 n.320, 284, 285, 335, 337, 377
Str 368. Published in [MKT I 311], hand copy [Frank 1928: #11 = pi ix]. 22, 37, 335-337, 341 n.400, 351
TMS I. Published in [TMS 22/, PI 1]. 105, 265-268, 274, 307, 385, 386, 399
TMS II. Published in [TMS 23/, PI 2-3]. 105, 382
TMS III. Published in [TMS 25-27, PI 4-5]. 188 n.211, 239 n.263, 262, 386
TMS V. Published in [TMS 35-49, PI 7-10]. 16 n.20, 20, 69 n.94, 125 n.149, 189 n.212, 216 n.243, 221, 286 n.323, 290 n.331, 293, 301, 303-306, 336 n.393, 349, 354, 358
TMS VI. Published in [TMS 49-51, PI 11-13]. 189 n.212, 339, 354, 358
TMS VII. Published in [TMS 52-55, PI 14-15].85, 181, 185-188, 256 n.288, 288 n.328, 289 n.330, 293, 326, 343 n.402, 384, 407
TMS VIII. Published in [TMS 58, PI 16].60, 101, 182, 188-193, 289 n.330
TMS IX. Published in [TMS 63/, PI 17]. 37, 85, 85 n.112, 89-96, 100,103,163,171,172,181, 182 n.207, 203, 205, 206, 221, 221 n.247, 289 n.330, 291, 292, 339, 343, 372, 379, 383
TMS XII. Published in [TMS 78j. PI 21]. 15 n.19, 88, 294, 335 n.391
TMS XIII. Published in [TMS 82, PI 22]. 9, 206-208, 244 n.271, 280, 281, 286, 323 n.369, 381
TMS XVI. Published in [TMS 9lj, PI 25]. 33, 35 n.60, 59 n.83, 60,85-89,89 n.117, 94,101, 102, 134, 150 n.176, 161, 181, 182, 206, 241 n.266, 289 n.330, 291, 296, 343
TMS XVII. Published in [TMS 95, PI 26]. 101, 216 n.243, 336 n.393
TMS XIX. Published in [TMS 101, PI 28/]. 194-200, 205, 280, 381,385
TMS XX. Published in [TMS 101-103, PI 30]. 351
TMS XXv. Published in [TMS 122j. PI 37/]. 351
TMS XXVI. Published in [TMS 124f. PI 39]. 326, 328, 330 n.381
VET V, 121. Published in [Vajman 1961: 248]; ct. [Friberg 2000: 35/].353
VET V, 858. Published in [Vajman 1961: 251]; ct. [Friberg 2000: 38f]. 285 n.322, 344 nA04, 352 nA15, 353, 402 nA90
VET V, 859. Published in [Vajman 1961: 254f]; ct. [Muroi 1998: 20lj] and [Friberg 2000: 39]. 26 nA2, 27 nA4, 36 n.64, 253, 326 n.374, 343, 352, 354, 376
VET V, 864. Published in [Vajman 1961: 257f]; cf. [Kilmer 1964], [Muroi 1998: 200] and [Friberg 2000: 37]. 26 nA2, 27 nA4, 69 n.94, 125 n.149, 224, 225 n.250, 250-253, 304, 325, 350, 352, 354, 388, 401
VAT 672. Published in [MKT I 267, II Taf 43].
VAT 7531. Published in [MKT I 289f, II Taf 46; III 58].
VAT 7532. Published in [MKT I 294f. II Taf 46; III 58].
VAT 7535. Published in [MKT I 303-305, II Taf 47].
VAT 672. Published in [MKT I 267, II Taf 43]. 331 n.383
VAT 6469. Published in [MKT I 269, II Taf 43]. 331 n.383
VAT 6505. Published in [MKT I 270f, II Taf 43; III 56f]. 331 n.383
VAT 6546. Published in [MKT I 269, II Taf 43].301,331 n.383
VAT 6597. Published in [MKT I 274f. II Taf 43, 45]. 159 n.189, 323 n.369, 329, 330, 330 n.380, n.381
VAT 6598. Published in [MKT I 278-280, II Taf 44]; new publication including BM 96957 in
Index of Tablets 431
[Robson 1999: 231-244], brick problem section of the latter tablet in [Robson 1996]. 268-272, 300, 318, 329, 330, 330 n.380, n.381, 331 n.382, 332, 334 n.388, 350, 385, 386
VAT 6599. See BM 85200+VAT 6599.
VAT 7528. Published in [MKT I 508-511, II Taf 45]. 3':::9 nAB, 350
VAT 7530. Published in [MKT I 287f, II Taf 46; III 57f]. 335, 337
VAT 7531. Published in [MKT I 289f, II Taf 46; III 58]. 335, 337
VAT 7532. Published in [MKT I 294f. II Taf 46; III 58]. 16, 20, 30, 31 n.53, 36, 59, 59 n.84, 60,64,76 n.102, 209-213, 215, 243 n.268, 280, 281, 285, 286, 318,335,335 n.391, 336, 337, 382 nA71
VAT 7535. Published in [MKT I 303-305, II Taf 47]. 30, 31 n.53, 37, 212, 318, 335-337, 335 n.391, 341 nAOO, 351
VAT 7537. Published in [MKT I 466-469, II Taf 48]. 293, 294, 349 nAB, 350
VAT 7620. Published in [MKT I 314f. II Taf 48]. 335
VAT 7621. Published in [MKT I 291, II Taf 48; III 58]. 335, 337
VAT 7848. Published in [MeT 141, PI 20]. 389, 390
VAT 8389. Published in [MKT I 317-319, II Taf 49; III 58]. 18, 37,77-82,103,173,234,284, 333, 334, 334 n.389, 335, 338 n.395,358
432 Index of Tablets
VAT 8390. Published in [MKT I 335j, II Taf 501.61-64, 125 n.147, 134, 193,216 n.243, 288 n.328, 333-336, 343
VAT 8391. Published in [MKT I 319-323, II Taf 51; III 581. 37, 82-85, 103, 238, 284, 333-335, 338 n.395, 348 nA12
VAT 8512. Published in [MKT I 34lj, II Taf 521. 105, 234-238, 243, 245, 247, 248, 333-335, 340 n.398
VAT 8520. Published in [MKT I 346j, II Taf 531. 19, 182 n.207, 333-335
VAT 8521. Published in [MKT I 351-353, 380, II Taf 54; III 58/1. 146 n.169, 333-335, 333 n.386, 335 n.390
VAT 8522. Published in [MKT I 368j, II Taf 55; III 611. 159 n.189, 323 n.369, 333, 334, 334 n.387,335
VAT 8523. Published in [MKT I 373-375, II Taf 55+56; III 611. 333-335
VAT 8528. Published in [MKT I 353-355, 380, II Taf 56+57; III 59/1. 333, 333 n.386, 335, 335 n.390, 348 nA12
W 23273. Published in [von Weiher 1993 #1721. 316 n.354, 388
W 23291. Published in [Friberg 19971. 388, 390, 392 nA85, 410 nA99
W 23291-x. Published in [Friberg, Hunger, and al-Rawi 1990al. [388, 389, 4101.
YBC 4186. Published in [MCT 91, Pill]. 333-335
YBC 4607. Published in [MCT 9lj, PI 121.27,305,346,349,350
YBC 4608. Published in [MCT 49ff, PI 3, PI 28]. 20, 125 n.147, 159 n.189, 216 n.243, 323 n.369, 335-337, 336 n.394,
351,359 nA26 YBC 4612. Published in [MCT
103j, PI 141. 305 n.343, 343 nA01, 346 nA07, 349, 378
YBC 4652. Published in [MCT 100f, PI 131. 305, 327, 346, 349, 357 nA23
YBC 4657. Published in [MCT 66j, PI 61. 286, 305, 346, 346 nA06, 349
YBC 4662. Published in [MCT 71f, PI 81. 155 n.185, 301, 305, 329, 340 n.398, 344-350, 346 nA06
YBC 4663. Published in [MCT 69, PI 71. 301, 305,340 n.398, 345, 346, 346 nA06, 347
YBC 4666. Published in [MCT 76f, PI 91. 305, 345, 346, 346 nA07, 349
YBC 4668+4713+4712. Published in [MKT I 422-435, III 6lj, Taf 21.35, 101, 132 n.154, 136, 200-206, 200 n.231, 208 n.236, 244, 287, 289 n.330, 302,303,349 nAB, 350, 351, 351 nA14, 372
YBC 4669. Published in [MKT I 514, III 27j, Taf 31. 321 n.367, 338 n.395, 349 nAB, 350, 357, 377
YBC 4673. Published in [MKT I 507f, II 508, III 29-31, Taf 31. 338 n.395, 349 nAB, 350, 351, 357, 377
YBC 4675. Published in [MCT 44(, PI 1 (B)l. 24 n.36, 105,231, 238 n.261, 239 n.263, 244-249, 277,337,340 n.398, 341, 342
YBC 4695. Published in [MKT III 34-36, Taf 4]. 349 nAB, 350, 351 nA14
YBC 4697. Published in [MKT 1 485f, II 40/, III Taf 51. 350, 351
YBC 4698. Published in [MKT III 42f. Taf 5]. 286, 349 n.413, 351
YBC 4708. Published in [MKT I 389-394, II Taf 57; III 61]. 349 n.413,350
YBC 4709. Published in [MKT I 412-414, II Taf 58].343,351
YBC 471 O. Published in [MKT I 402-404, II Taf 58; III 61]. 295 n.337, 350, 351
YBC 4711. Published in [MKT I 503, III 45]. 351
YBC 4712. See YBC 4668+4712+ 4713. Hand copy in [MKT II Taf. 59].
YBC 4713. See YBC 4668+4712+ 4713. Hand copy in [MKT II Taf 59].
YBC 4714. Published in [MKT I 487-492, II Taf 60]. 16 n.20, 20, 80 n.106, 111, 115-141, 163, 200, 216 n.243, 223, 224, 286 n.323, 289 n.330, 290, 292, 295 n.336, n.337, 298, 302-305, 330 n.379, 383
YBC 4715. Published in [MKT I 478-480, II Taf 60]. 181, 350
YBC 5022. Published in [MCT 132, PI 18]. 337
YBC 5037. Published in [MCT 59f, PI 5]. 305, 346, 349, 350
YBC 6295. Published in [MCT 42, PI 22]. 65, 66, 111, 149, 154, 333, 334, 335 n.390, 335
YBC 6504. Published in [MKT III 22f, Taf 6]. 25 n.39, 31 n.53, 39 n.70, 50 n.75, 70 n.95, 135, 174-179,221,330 n.379, 331 n.382, 337, 342, 343, 345, 348, 351, 353, 356, 357, 374, 376, 387
YBC 6967. Published in [MCT 129, PI 17]. 34, 35, 55-58, 159 n.191, 281, 332, 347,401
YBC 7164. Published in [MCT 81/,
Index of Tablets 433
PI 10]. 305, 345, 346, 346 n.407,349
YBC 7243. Published in [MCT 132, PI 23]. 261, 337
YBC 7289. Published in [MCT 42f]. 261-265, 269, 272, 385
YBC 7997. Published in [MCT 98, PI 23]. 337, 342
YBC 8588. Published in [MCT 75, PI 21]. 333-335
YBC 8600. Published in [MCT 57, PI 21]. 333-335
YBC 8633. Published in [MCT 53, PI 4]. 37, 66, 85, 103, 254-257, 333-335, 384-387
YBC 9852. Published in [MCT 45, PI 1]. 244 n.272, 337
YBC 9856. Published in [MCT 99, PI 4]. 337, 342
YBC 9874. Published in [MCT 90, Pill]. 337, 342
YBC 10522. Published in [MCT 131, PI 18]. 332, 344
YBC 10529. Published in [MCT 16]. 29 n.50, 297 n.339
YBC 10772. Published in [MCT 98, PI 4]. 338 n.395
Index of Akkadian and Sumerian Terms and Key Phrases
Only discussions of terms and phrases are indexed, not their appearance in the texts; metrological units are indexed only where they are discussed or referred to as such, not when they merely serve as units. In cases where a declinated form or a whole phrase is listed separately (e.g., tammar, "you see", atta ina epesika, "you, by you procedure"), a cross-reference is given under the relevant lexical form or forms (in case amiirum, "to see", and epesum, "proceed"/"proceeding"), unless the two are immediate neighbours.
a.na 326 n.374, 343, 377 a.na us ugu sag dirig 351 a.na.am 26 n.42, 326 n.374, 352, 352 n.415, 353, 361 a.ra 21,21 n.33, 22, 163, 180,
182, 215 n.242, 248, 327, 328, 331,331 n.384, 339, 344, 347, 350, 353, 375, 388, 389, 391
a.ra.kara 248 a.sa 5 n.7, 34--36, 36 n.64, 224,
298 n.340, 300, 328, 336, 375 n.459,376
a.sa SU.BA.AN.TU 216 n.243 a.sa.ga 36 n.64 abo 251 n.280 adi sinisu 348 aliikum 22, 23, 182, 327, 331
n.384, 357, 357 n.423 .am 326 n.374, 352, 360 n.428 amiirum 28, 40, 336 n.394, 359
n.426 See also tammar
ammatum 389 an.na 376 apin 5 n.7 arakarUm 248 aramaniiitum 215 n.242, 248 arUm 180, 182
as as 180, 375 aSsum 38, 319, 323, 327, 328, 330
n.381, 334, 336, 336 n.394, 376, 389 n.479
aUa 332, 334, 335 aUa ina epesika 319, 332, 338, 341 BA (for biimtum) 31 n.53 ba 31 n.53 ba 31 n.53, 74 n.100, 332 ba. 27 n.44 ba.a 31 n.53 ba.se.e 27 n.45, 213, 376 ba.si 27,335,335 n.390 ba.si l-lal 146 n.169, 335 n.390 ba.si s 27,66, 182,253,323,332,
353, 355, 361, 375, 375 n.460, 376
ba.sis.e 26 n.42, 27 n.44 ba.zi 355,356 bal 150, 330 n.379 biimtum 12, 31, 31 n.53, 32, 163,
179,320,324,331,332,336. 340-342. 345. 348. 361. 377
ban 208 n.235 bandum 74 n.100 banum 125 n.147. 134. 248. 336 bar 262. 262 n.296 basum 27. 39 n.69. 182. 216
Index of Akkadian and Sumerian Terms and Key Phrases 435
n.243, 336 n.393, 376 berum 21 n.29, 407 .bi 378 bi. 27 n.44 bur 17, 17 n.22, 36, 78, 81, 209,
284 burtum 36 .da 74 n.100 da 74 n.100 dab 19, 27 n.44, 139 n.158, 328,
343,347,355 n.421, 389 dakasum 250, 252, 253 n.283, 352,
356 See also dikistum
dal 239, 239 n.263, 272, 304 dikistum 253, 352, 356 dirig 21,88, 179, 188,294,343,
343 n.402, 351 du 32 n.55 du 7.du 7 24, 25 n.39, 177 n.200,
177 n.201, 336, 343, 345 dus 28, 28 n.47, 30, 251 n.280,
347 .e 52,66, 111 edum 335, 337, 341. 351 elum 22,28 n.47, 40, 199,319,
319 n.363, 332, 342, 377, 389 EN (en.nam) 350 en.nam 26 n.42, 26 n.43, 39, 146
n.169, 326, 326 n.374, 329, 331, 334-336, 343, 346, 347, 352, 355, 356, 361, 376
engar ·5 n.7 epesum 32 n.55, 248, 343
See also alta ina epesika eqlum 5 n.7, 35, 77 n.105, 224,
376 esepum 23, 331, 336, 391 ese 17 n.22 ezebum 334, 336, 337, 350 ga.ga 323 n.370, 375, 376 gaba 234, 327 gagar 36 n.64 gal 28 GAM (depth) 36, 139 n.158 GAM (for a.ra) 391
gam 139 n.158 GAN 180,375 GANA 248 gar 26 n.42, 39, 39 n.70, 88, 327,
332, 333, 336, 345, 375 See also IN.gar.
gar.gar 19,323 n.370, 328, 331, 334, 347, 375, 389
garim 77 n.105 gaz 31 gi 209, 225, 382, 388 gi.na 36,89 gin 305 n.344 gin 7.nam 377 gis 5 n.7 giSapin 5 n.7 gu.la 252 gU 7 23 n.35, 23, 24 n.36, 344 gu 7.gu 7 24 gub 89 n.119 GUS 89 n.119 gur 78, 208 n.235 gur 139 n.158 fJarasum 20, 163, 301, 320, 323,
325. 325 n.372, 328, 330, 332, 339-342, 345, 347, 348, 351, 355, 361. 377
fJasabum 351, 377 be.ib.si s 253 fJepum 13, 31, 320, 334, 343, 347 .bi.a 92 n.124 tlI.A 92 n.124, n.126 fJulum 88 i.gi 213 I.gu7 245 n.274 i.gu 7 24,245 n.274, 248, 331
n.382 i.gu 7.gu 7 23,24,331 n.382, 345,
361. 377 ib.sa 27 n.45 ib.se.e 320, 325 ib.si 27,320,325,327,328,353,
376 ib.si s 12,25, 25 n.39, 25, 26,26
n.43, 27, 28 n.47, 31 n.53, 35, 61,111,146 n.169, 177 n.201,
436 Index of Akkadian and Sumerian Terms and Key Phrases
179, 216 n.243, 224, 261, 261 n.295, 320, 323, 325, 327, 328, 330, 330 n.379, 331. 332, 335, 335 n.390, 336, 337, 341-343, 345, 347 n.409, 347, 348, 354, 356,357,357 n.424, 361, 375, 375 n.460, 376, 377
ib.si s x e11.de 360 n.429 ib.tag 4· 334 n.388, 350, 353, 357 id 239 n.264 igi 28-31,28 n.47, n.48, 30 n.52,
35, 143 n.165, 182, 340, 347, 376, 389 See also i.gi
igi n 28, 30 igi ... gal 29 igi n gal 28 n.46, 28, 30, 340,
375 igi n gal.bi 28 igi.bi 182,376 igi.du 326,377 igi.dus 326,350,357,377 igi.gub 18,30,228,239 n.263,
257,261,261 n.295, 262, 272, 291. 337, 338 n.395, 341, 386, 389, 390 n.481
igi.te.en 200 igi.te.en sa us sag.se 208 n.236 igibum 30 n.5l, 35, 55, 57, 138,
158-160, 159 n.191, 162, 182, 281, 299, 302, 305, 376, 381, 390
igigubbum 389 igitenum 200 igum 30 n.51, 35, 55, 57, 138,
158-160, 159 n.191, 162, 182, 281, 299, 302, 305, 376, 381, 389-391
IKU 375 iku 17 n.22, 180 il 2~ 333, 336, 389 IM.SU 132 n.153 imta!JIJar 224, 225, 253 n.284, 330
n.379, 331, 334, 355 IN.gar 343, 353 inanna 38, 159 n.189, 338
fnum 28 inuma 38,319,323,328,330
n.381,376 itamlJurum 25 n.38 itti 6, 195 n.220 KA+GAR 328 KAK 34 n.58 kalakkum 36 kamiirum 12, 19,21, 163, 298
n.340, 323 n.370, 327, 328, 334, 350, 375, 383 n.472 See also kimirtum,
kimriitum, kumurrCtm kara 248 kasiirum 66
See also maksarum KAS 4 KI 36, 36 n.63, 137 ki 89 n.119, 195 n.220 kr 39 kf masi 39, 320, 323, 323 n.369,
326, 326 n.374, 327, 329, 334, 335, 338, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347, 355 361. 377
ki.du.du 89 n.119 ki.gub.gub 89 n.119, 383 KI.GUB.GUB 89 n.119 ki.la 36,345,346 ki.ta 376 kiam 327, 330, 346 kibsum 330 kid, see za.e lid.da.zu.de etc. kidudum 89 n.119 kima 39, 60, 64, 89, 101, 180, 293,
377 kimirtum 163 kimriitum 20, 163, 338, 340 kznum 36, 257 n.290 kiyii 39, 159 n.189, 253 n.284,
323, 323 n.369, 330 n.380, 334, 335, 355, 377
k6 23 n.35 kud 325 n.372, 328, 351, 377 kullum 6 n.9, 23, 40, 80 n.106, 88
See also reska likz1, sutiikulum, takz1tum
Index of Akkadian and Sumerian Terms and Key Phrases 437
kumurrtlm 19, 334 kur 80 0.106, 230 0.256 kus 17, 18, 22, 36, 137, 157, 389 la watar 169 0.195, 338 LAGAB 24 0.37, 25, 125 0.149,
303, 328 lagab 354 LAGAB.LAGAB = NIGIN 24 0.37 lal 21, 134, 294, 295, 295 0.336,
295, 392 0.485 lapatum 40, 332, 347 laqum 280.47, 39 0.69, 125 0.147,
1900.215, 332, 333 0.386 lawum 24 0.37 letflm 324 libbum 13, 20, 34, 51, 3920.485 limtalJiJar 253 lu 50.7 lu.es.gid 361 0.430 lui 36 ma.oa 305 0.344 -ma 6, 39, 390.68,40, 1390.158,
1600.192,251 0.281, 319, 328, 331, 333, 340, 341, 348, 352, 355,377
malJiirum 25, 179 0.204, 224, 225, 331, 347 0.409, 403 See also imtalJiJar, limtalJlJar, itamlJurum, melJrum, sutamlJurum
mak$arum 66, 103, 149, 154, 193, 228, 257, 333
mala 39, 64, 139 0.158, 326 0.374, 342, 343, 377
mala ma$i 326 0.374 mao 215 0.242 manatum 88 manum 88,2400.265 ma$um 39 matum 21, 59, 67 0.93, 293, 295 melJrum 25, 250.38, 27, 324, 327,
332 mi"num 26,280.47,39, 390.69,
320, 323, 326, 3260.374, 327, 329, 331, 334-336, 338, 341, 376
mir 230 n.256 mislum 12, 31, 163, 179, 343, 377 mitlJartum 7, 12, 13, 25, 25 n.39,
27,28 n.47, 35, 111, 125 n.149, 261 n.295, 298 0.340, 328, 343, 353, 354, 356, 402, 403
mu 389 n.479 mu ou zu.u 389 mulmul 50.7 mulapin 5 n.7 miilum 36 n.62 muttarittum 229 muttatum 324, 332 nadanum 40, 65 n.91, 317 n.356,
319 n.363, 327, 333, 333 0.386, 333, 335, 336, 340, 341, 342, 346, 347, 360, 377
nadum 40, 61, 332 nakalum 80 n.106 nakiisum 325 0.372, 351, 377 nakmartum 19 nam.lu.ulu 315 narum 239 n.264 nasalJum 20, 33, 163, 182, 301,
320, 323, 324, 327, 328, 330, 332, 334, 337, 339, 341, 345, 347, 348, 361, 376, 377, 389
nasilJum 182, 182 n.206 nasum 5,22, 220.34, 1600.192,
199,319 n.363, 333, 343, 377, 389
nepesum 320.55, 138 n.157, 322, 329
oig.sid 323 0.370, 375 NIGIN 24, 24 0.37, 25, 125 0.149,
191, 1950.220, 261 0.295, 262, 327, 328, 331 0.382, 350
nigin 24 0.37,350.61,38,159, 330
nim 22,220.34, 377,389, 392 n.485
oiodao 17, 17 n.22, n.24, 17, 18, 37,84, 111, 137, 209, 212, 223, 225, 229, 313, 389
nitkupum 24
438 Index of Akkadian and Sumerian Terms and Key Phrases
n u. 240 n.265 nu.zu 335,337,341,351,389 pas.sig 345 pad 251 n.281, 325, 352, 357,
360, 360 nA28, 377, 378 piinum 28, 28 nA8, 376 n.462 pariikutn 234 pa(iirum 28, 28 nA7, 343, 347 pi 208 n.235 pirkum 234, 239 n.263 putum 28 nA7, 34, 35, 224, 225,
250. 280, 320. 324. 354 qabum 4.38 qanum 209 qaqqarum 36. 36 n.63. 36. 36
n.64, 137, 269 .ra 130 n.152 RA 21,21 n.33. 251 n.281. 353.
357. 389 reska tikl7 40. 330 n.381. 334. 336 resum 35.40 sa 190 n.215, 355 sa.sa 190 n.215 sa 190 n.215. 355 sag 7. 10. 34. 34 n.58. 34-36. 60.
86.89. 101. 125 n.149. 182. 200. 224. 244, 250. 251 n.279. 280. 327. 375. 376 nA61. 376
sag an·.na 375 nA59 sag ki.ta 375 nA59 sag.du 34 n.58. 322 sag.KAK 34 n.58 sag.ki 320. 324 sag.ki.gud 244.256 sabar 36, 36 n.64. 137 sabiirum 38. 169 n.195. 319. 323.
330. 338, 342 salmum 240 n.265 santakkum 34 n.58 sar 17.17 n.22. 17. 17 n.23. 17.
18,37,78,103. 111, 137.229 sarrum 36 Sf 179. 343. 343 nA02 SI.A 88, 179. 343 sis 12, 25., 325. 347 nA09. 375
See also ib.si s, etc .. ba.si s'
etc .. sa sis.si s 190 n.215 sig 4 350 s i 1 a 78. 208 n.235 sukud 36 n.62 sum 40.240 n.265. 319 n.363.
330, 333 n.386, 335. 336. 345. 360.377
sibtum 19 siliptum 261 sa etab 132 n.154 sakiinum 39. 179 n.203. 333, 375 salum 28 nA7 siininum 190 n.215 sanum 257 n.290 sapiilum 20 sapiltum 20. 341 saqum #22. 23 .se 200 se 392 nA85 ses 159 n.189. 323 n.369 sid 323 n.370. 375 siddum 34. 35. 224. 280. 320. 320
n.365. 324, 376 nA61 su 182 n.207 SU.BA.AN.TU 125 n.147. 216 n.243 su.ba.an.ti 125 n.147 su.nigin 20, 142 n.163, 330 su.rLa 31.31 n.53. 31. 179.320.
343. 345. 353. 356. 361. 377 su.si 17. 18 sullusum 24 summa 32 n.55. 37, 319. 322, 322
n.368. 323, 326. 328. 329, 330 n.381, 334. 341, 355, 376. 389
Summa eqlam isdluqa umma suma 224
summa Ham isaalka umma suma 319
sumum 95 n.129 suplum 36 suqqum 23 susi 16.209 sutakulum 6. 6 n.9. 13. 23. 24
n.36, 24. 40. 57. 59 n.84. 195 n.220. 298 n.340. 320. 324.
Index of Akkadian and Sumerian Terms and Key Phrases 439
327, 328, 332, 334, 336, 339, 342, 344, 347, 348, 351, 355, 361,377
sutamfJurum 25, 25 n.38, 25, 25 n.39, 31 n.53, 179, 327, 328, 330 n.379, 331, 331 n.382, 343. 351,377
sutbUm 20, 212 .ta. 251 n.280 ta 392 n.485 ta.am .27,224,331,350 tab 23, 132 n.154, 327, 331, 336,
350. 353, 357, 357 n.423, 391, 391 n.483 See also sa etab
tabiilum 20,301,347 tag 4 350
See also ib.tag 4
takl7tum 23, 57, 80 n.106, 195 n.220, 199, 200, 217 n.245, 320, 324, 327, 332, 334, 334 n.389. 336, 347 n.410
takkirtum 80 n.106 tal/um 239. 239 n.263, 321, 322,
325 tammar 40, 146 n.169, 319, 319
n.363, 327, 329, 330, 330 n.379, 338, 345-348, 350, 351, 357, 360, 377, 379
tarum 38, 169 n.195, 185, 323, 327, 328, 332, 335 n.391, 338
tawirtum 77 n.105, 239 n.264, 340 n.398
.te. 251 n.280 tul 36 tul.sag 36, 137 tur 134, 295 n.336 tepum 391 u 86, 179 n.203, 295 u.ub. 251 n.281251 n.281, 352,
377 U.ub.RA 251 n.281 ub.te.gu 7 344 n.404 UL.GAR 19,86,89 n.117, 160
n.192, 188, 327-331, 350, 389 UL.UL 24
ullum 22 UR 347 n.409 UR.KA 347 n.409 UR.UR 24, 347 us 60, 60 n.87, 111 us 7, 10, 34-36, 34 n.58, 60, 60
n.87, 86, 125 n.149, 182, 200, 244, 280, 303, 320, 324, 327, 328, 375, 375 n.459, 376, 376 n.461 , 376
us 2.kam 375 n.459 WA.ZU-BI 91 n.123 wabiilum 341, 342, 344, 355 wasiibum 12,19,20, 182,383
n.472, 389, 391 wiisbum 182, 182 n.206 wdsrtum 12-14,51,84,348,383 wasum (noun) 348 n.412 wasum (verb) 51, 84 watdrum 21, 59, 67 n.93, 188, 295,
343 See also Iii watar
watrum 320 wusubbum 91 n.123 za.e 33, 326, 329 za.e kid.da.zu.de 329 n.377,
335 za.e kid.ta.zu.de 329 n.377, 331 za.e kid 9/kid.da.zu.de 346 Zl 20, 27 n.44, 28 n.47, 30, 33, 88,
127 n.151, 301, 323, 324, 325 n.372, 327, 328, 330, 330 n.379, 334 n.387, 341, 343, 343 n.402, 351, 361, 375, 376, 389 See also ba.zi
zi.zi 323,323 n.370, 375, 376 zi.zi.i ga.ga 375 ZUR.ZUR 24, 336
Name Index
Abu Bakr 369-371, 369 n.446, 374, 379 n.466, 380 n.467, 387,406,408,410, 411,415,415 n.508, 416 n.511
Abu Kamil 364-367, 414, 415, 416 n.510
Abu'I-Wafa' 264 Alexander the Great 311 Apollonios 2, 404 Archibald, R. C. 1 Archimedes 98, 106, 107, 403 Aristippos 106 Aristotle 362, 366, 367 n.441,
402, 403 n.491 ibn al-Banna' 415 Brahmagupta 409,414 Bruins, E. M. 28, 87, 88, 93
n.128, 182 n.207, 193 n.217, 196 n.223, 215 n.240, 227, 228, 265, 266, 343 n.402
Cardano, Gerolamo 154, 154 n.184, 417, 417 n.512
Chemla, Karine 14 n.18 Dedekind, Richard 292 Descartes, Rene 279,404
n.492 Diophantos 2, 98, 298, 372
n.454, 373, 385, 402, 404, 414 n.506
Euclid 98, 402, 403 Frank, Carl 2 Friberg, Joran 8 n.13, 26 n.41,
29, 50 n.75, 241, 252, 322, 349 n.413, 353 n.417, 356, 386 n.475
Gandz, Solomon 3, 180,227,
228, 237, 244 n.270, 278
Gerard of Cremona 369-371, 369 n.447, 411, 411 n.502, n.503, 414, 415, 415 n.508
Goetze, A. 38 n.66, 317-319, 319 n.362, 328, 328 n.376, 329, 329 n.377, n.378, 332-335, 337, 338, 342, 343, 345, 348 n.411, 349, 356, 358, 386
Hammurapi, king 310 Heiberg, J. L. 368, 368 n.443,
369 n.444, 371, 406, 406 n.494, 407
Hero of Alexandria 103, 103 n.136, 264, 368 n.443, 382, 406, 406 n.494, 407, 409
Hippocrates of Chios 402 Jacopo da Firenze 102 n.134,
n.135, 339 n.396, 416, 416 n.510
Jean de Murs 339 n.396, 371 n.451
Jordanus of Nemore 404 n.492 Kant, Immanuel 98 al-Karaji 415 al-Khayyami 404 n.492 al-Khwarizmi 298, 369 n.445,
372, 382, 382 n.469, 409-417, 412 n.505, 414 n.506, 416 n.510, 417, 417 n.512
Kronecker, Leopold 292 Leonardo Fibonacci 263, 370,
371, 371 n.450, 379
n.466, 387, 396 n.487, 398 n.489, 405, 406, 410 n.500, 411, 414-416, 414 n.506, 415 n.508, 416 n.511, 417 n.512
Luca Pacioli 370, 371, 371 n.450, n.451, 379 n.466, 411, 416, 417 n.512
Mahavira 364, 364 n.433, 371, 372, 372 n.455, 374, 380 n.467, 409
Mahoney, Michael 279, 281, 298
al-Ma'mun 411, 412 n.505, 413
Millas y Vallicrosa, J. 370 n.448
Muroi Kazuo 89 n.l19, 188 . n.211, 250 n.275, n.277, 252, 253, 253 n.282, 293, 352
Nesselmann, G. H. F. 107, 298,299
Neugebauer 1-3, 7, 7 n.12, 8 n.13, 10, 12-15,21,21 n.32, 33 n.56, 41, 65 n.91, 66, 72, 80 n.l06, 111 n.141, 156 n.186, 162, 222, 223, 243 n.269, 244, 244 n.270, 262, 263 n.299, 269, 270, 274 n.312, 278, 279,294,295,298,317 n.355, 318, 329, 330, 335, 346, 348-350, 385, 390 n.480, 400
Newton, Isaac 98, 244 n.270 Nietzsche, Friedrich 366 Nisaba, Goddess 164, 307 Nunez, Pedro 243 n.269, 383
. n.473 Orwell,George 377 n.464 Paolo Gherardi 416
Name Index 441
Pappos of Alexandria 33 n.57 Peano, Giuseppe 292 Piero della Francesca 370,
371,379 n.466, 411, 416, 416 n.511
Plato 262 n.297, 367, 370 n.448,402
Plato of Tivoli 370 n.448 Proc1os Diadochos 262 n.297 Ritter, Jim 88 n.l15, 190 n.215 Robson, Eleanor 18 n.26, 64,
73,81 n.107, 132 n.153, 263, 268 n.306, 325,352
Rodet, Leon 409, 414 Roriczer, Mathes 264 Rosen, Frederick 411, 411
n.502, n.503, 412 n.504 Rozenfeld, Boris A. 411,411
n.502, n.503 Rudolff, Christoph 365 n.438 Savasorda (Abraham bar
Hiyya) 370, 387, 405, 406,411,415
Schuster, H. S. 1 n.2, 3 Sulgi, king 314, 323, 325, 375 Struve, V. V. 2, 3 Tartaglia, Niccolo 154 n.184 ibn Thabat 371, 411 Thabit ibn Qurrah 367, 402411
n.503, 412 n.505, 414, 415
Theaetetos 367 Theodoros Theon of Smyrna 262 n.297,
408 Thureau-Dangin, F. 3, 7, 11,
12, 14, 15,23,26 n.41, 27,28 n.47, 41, 42, 67 n.93, 72, 154, 156 n.186, 162, 179 n.203, 227, 228, 239 n.264, 244 n.270, 278, 348
ibn Turk 413 'Vmar, caliph 413 Van der Waerden, B. L. 7, 243
442 Name Index
n.269 Vit!te, Fran~ois 33, 33 n.57,
98, 279, 280, 285, 383, .383 n.473, 404 n.492
Vogel, Kurt 1 n.2, 3, 137 n.156, 151 n.178, 229, 244 n.270, 278
von Soden, Wolfram von 88, 91 n.123, 189 n.214, 200, 244 n.270, 287
Wallis, John 404 n.492 Wei!, Andre 299 n.341 Westenholz, Aage 80 n.106,
169 n.195 ibn al-Yasamin 415
Subject Index
Abacus, Greek 107 "Accounting technique" 58,
73, 75, 100, 110, 132, 263, 303, 382
and concept of coefficient 60, 101
Additive operations 19, 51, 160
identity-conserving 19, 57, 347, 355 n.421
symmetric 19; -, and plural sum 20, 163, 338; -, reversed by "singling out" 21 n.29
Aegina, coins with geometric diagrams 402
"Akkadian method". See Quadratic completion
al-jabr 369 n.445, 404 n.492, 411, 412 n.505, 413, 414, 414 n.506, 415, 417
originally without geometric proofs 412 n.S05
Algebra a plurality of algebraic
ways of thought 282 Mahoney's minimal defini
tion 279, 298 Algebra, Babylonian
"art", not "episteme" 281 built on reasoned pro
cedures, not "empirical" 279 n.318, 280, 283 n.321
distinct discipline within DB mathematics
logograms as symbols? 7,
10, 33 n.56, 111 n.141,298
Mahoney's rejection of concept 279
measured by Mahoney's criteria 280
pretext for sexagesimal computation 381
rhetorical according to Thureau-Dangin 7
the arithmetical interpretation 3,6,7,7 n.12, 12, 13, 278; -, and "superfluous" words 12, 13,34
the standard representation 10, 34
transformation of the riddle legacy 170
Algebra, Greek Calculators' Algebra, Italian vernacular
415,416 n.5l0 geornetrization 416
Algebra, second-degree discovery of Babylonian 1 supposed Arabic beginning
2 supposed Indian beginning
2 Ambiguity of mathematical
texts, to be resolved from context and numbers 111, 205, 298 n.340, 298, 299, 3
Analysis infinitorum 271, 404 n.492
Analysis/synthesis, relation to distinction naive/critical 404 n.492
444 Subject Index
Analytical approach and naive strategy 98 and need for identification
37,283, 285 fundamental to algebraic
thought 33, 33 n.57, 58, 279
in Old Babylonian mathematical texts 52, 98, 280
in the "surveyors' riddles" 380
of the "single false position 101, 280
Analytical geometry 199 Angle concept
absent from Babylonian thought? 227
as quantifiable magnitude: not Babylonian 228
heavenly distances not to " be understood as angles 228 n.252
right angle understood in relation to area determination 228
Anthology texts 983 Application of areas 96, 99,
278 Area determination
existing rectangles 22 trapezia 22, 31, 230 trapezoids 22 triangles 22, 31, 229 See also Circle ...
An"thmos 373, 414 n.506 Assyrian empire 311 Ausdehnungslehre 199 "Average and deviation" 162,
202,217,247,350,375 and arakarum 248 in Greek mathematics 402,
405 in Liber mensurationum
408,410 not used in Demotic texts
408 not used in Seleucid texts
397 reverse use by Mahavira
409 Babylonian mathematical cor
pus, text categories 8 "Baby Ionian mathematicians"
a misnomer? 8, 302 in which sense justified
384 Babylonian mathematics
centred on computation 8, 307
history of its historiography 1,ln.l,2
less cognitive autonomous in Late Babylonian times 316
known from school texts 8 no mystico-religious affin
ities in the OB period 164 n.194
OB cognitive autononomy 307
periodization 3, 311 (pretended) practical origin
209, 276, 287 See also Late Babylonian mathematics; Seleudic mathematics
Bakhshali manuscript 409 Biquadratic equations 71, 194,
199, 279 n.318, 303, 381
Bisection a distinct operation 31,32
Bracket function, algebraic 39, 343, 377
"Breaking" 14, 31, 155, 174, 208, 216, 217, 320, 323, 334, 336, 339, 340, 345, 347, 348
abstract? 69 implying "making hold"
163, 217 n.244, 344
omitted together with preceding "repetition" 76, 76 n.102, 221
Brick problems 163, 268 n.306, 287, 305, 321, 338, 338 n.395, 341, 342, 378, 381, 407
Broad lines 19 n.27, 22, 51 n.76, 52, 84, 96, 135, 163, 169, 180, 226, 242, 243 n.269, 272, 291, 291 n.335, 292, 315, 328, 339, 339 n.396, 348, 354 n.420, 355, 382, 383, 383 n.473,388
"critical" justifications of practice 292, 383
Broken-reed problems 36, 37, 209, 280, 281, 285, 286, 299, 307, 32~ 321, 325, 335 n.391, 341, 341 n.400, 351, 381,381 n.468
"Building" of a line 215, 216 of surfaces 23, 24, 64, 125
n.147, 134, 163, 169, 215, 216 n.243, 225, 248, 336, 336 n.393; -, and verbal equalside 336 n.393
reference to a surveyors' idiom? 134, 215 n.241
Bundling method 60, 66, 103, 149, 228, 256, 257, 327, 333
generalized to non-homogeneous cases 154, 193
Calculation errors 72, 195 0'.222, 196 n.224, 272
Calculators' algebra, Greek 402
Canons in OB mathematics adoption/adaption of bor
rowed materia 349,
Subject Index 445
360 adaptions revealed by
lapses 324, 347, 384 and exclusion 324 concerned with format as
well as critique 360 n.427
created intentionally 324, 328, 332, 360, 383
elimination of Dr III stylistic traits 322, 324, 356
local 77, 324, 328, 335, 337, 344, 348, 349
"Cascades of squares" 405, 405 n.493
Catalogue texts 9 "Change of variable" in OB algebra
36, 37, 99, 100, 169, 188, 405 Chinese mathematics 98, 103 Circle
area "held" 342 basic parameter: diameter
or circumference 372 compass-drawn 105, 265 understood as bent line
272, 372 n.453 "tripling" of diameter 331
n.384 Circle problems, algebraic 304,
371, 373, 374 n.458, 381, 382, 405, 409
Circles, concentric 276, 388 Close reading, principle of 14 Coefficient in equation, OB
concept of 60, 101, 132 n.154, 206
Completion of triangle 237, 266 n.303 see also Quadratic comple
tion Complex second-degree prob
lems reduced to square or rectangle? 155, 157, 158, 215, 221
Concentric circles 276, 388 Concentric squares 69, 69
446 Subject Index
n.94, 99, 134,224, 225 n.250, 252, 267, 285,286, 301, 304,305,371, 373, 379, 388, 399, 401
Conformal translation 18, 41, 42
Connotations determining terminological choice 20,
-163, 300-302, 339 Constant coefficients 30
chosen as regular numbers 29
tables of 8, 18, 228, 239 n.263, 257, 261, 261 n.295, 262, 272, 307, 337, 386, 390 n.481
"Conversion" of the length/ width/depth 153, 154, 156
Copyist's mistakes 42, 151 n.179, 152 n.181, 196 n.224, 212, 213
"Core" text groups and mathematics 38, 38 n.66, 206, 253, 329 n.377, 329, 331 n.382, 337, 345, 348 n.411, 351, 355, 356, 359-361, 359 n.426, 377, 386, 387
texts from group 2 345 see-also Larsa, ... ; Nippur,
... ;-Ur, ... ; Uruk, ... "Counterpart"
in square 27, 39, 57, 94, 174, 193,197,260,324
in square to be constructed 259
in triangle 233, 234 of a moiety 216,324 originally loose usage 324
Counting board used for additive computations 73, 195 n.222
"Critique" 367, 404 delineation of concept 98,
100 n.133 Euclidean, in Fibonacci
417 in Greek mathematics 98,
100, 401, 402, 405 in OB mathematics 100
n.133, 383-385 in Viete 383 n.473, 404
n.492 "Crucial discriminators" 243,
243 n.269 Cube problems 65, 149, 321,
354 Cube roots, table of 65, 154 Cuneiform writing 4
ambiguity 4, 5 "rebus principle" 4, 23 transliteration versus tran-
scription 4 n.5 use of phonetic comple
ments 5, 5 n.7 use of semantic deter
minatives 5, 5 n.7 Cut-and-paste procedures 54,
97, 135, 137, 159 n.191,263
examples 51, 53, 55, 57, 75, 94
in geometric problems 276, 280, 354
in the Sulbasutras 408 not visible in Seleucid
sources 397 proof of Pythagorean rule
386 underlying Elements II 98,
401 See also Naive geometry
Data, marking of 39 De mensuris 264 "Descendant" 228, 229, 233,
234, 234 n.260 Didactic texts
outside Susa 85, 161, 162, 256 n.288
Susa 85, 87 n.114, 89,
101, 181,384 Division
by irregular divisors 29, 330, 333, 336, 344, 353; -, third millennium BeE 263 n.298, 313, 353 n.417
by regular numbers 28 problem and operation 27
Drawings of cut-and-paste procedures
not on the tablets 103 possible media 106
djnamis 402,403 Each/the four front(s}/sidesl
equalside(s}, texts referring to 27, 125 n.149, 224, 225, 250, 253, 350, 353-358, 369, 370, 379 n.466 , 380,380 n.467, 381, 389
Early Dynastic period 310 Egypt
Demotic mathematics 261, 321, 405, 408
Pharaonic mathematics 306, 307, 321, 405
Elliptic procedure descriptions 149 n.175, 155, 155 n.185, 158, 173, 260, 320, 324, 347
Elliptic writing 9, 31 n.53, 86, 111, 114 n.143, 224
ensuing textual ambiguity 111 n.141, 114 n.143, 130 n.152, 298
equals ide and word order 26 n.43 being (verb) 26, 27, 27
n.44, 28 n.47, 146 n.169, 216 n.243, 320, 323-325, 327, 330, 330 n.379, 336, 336 n.393, 341, 343, 345, 348, 361, 375, 375 n.460
Subject Index 447
cubic 27 generalized uses 27, 146
n.169, 335 n.390 grammar reinterpreted by
Akkadian speakers 26 n.42
noun 26, 27, 27 n.44, 39 n.69, 57, 216 n.243, 323, 325, 328, 332, 335, 336 n.393, 342, 345, 347, 361, 375 n.460
regarded as a plurality 27 three different "equalsides"
151, 153 underlying grammar 25,
353 n.416 verb or noun 26
"Equalside, 1 appended" 146 n.169, 152
Equations adequacy of concept 282 Babylonian algebra 38,
282 first-degree, transformation
of 85, 134, 185, 187, 205,206
order of members 174, 225, 295. 295 n.337, 371
"Equilateral, 1 diminished" 335 n.390
Eshnunna a centre for the formation
of Akkadian mathematics 315, 321, 345, 356, 359
Law Code 318 n.358, 360 mathematical texts 34, 37,
38, 85, 125 n.149, 213, 224, 224 n.249, 231, 257, 280, 283 n.320, 318, 319, 332, 334 n.388, 338, 339, 345, 347, 351, 354 n.420, 357 n.424, 359, 361,
448 Subject Index
372. 376. 376 n.462. 382. 386; -. range of topics 321
particularities of mathematical terminology 27 n.44. 32. 34. 155 n.185. 224. 253. 319. 325. 326. 339. 361. 375 n.460. 376 n.462. 382
political history 325. 359 Euclid
Data 228. 403 Elements I 25.403 Elements II 2. 70. 97. 96.
99. 267. 278. 370. 373. 385. 400-402. 404. 406 n.494. 414. 415; -. and the surveyors'
. tradition 401 Elements VI 99. 100.403 Elements X 282. 367. 401 Elements. in general 70.
98.401.402 excavation problems 36. 137.
286. 303. 305. 321. 323 n.369. 345. 346. 348 n.411. 349. 350. 354. 381. 384
depth and length interchanged 156
in igum-igibUm formulation 158. 160
inhomogeneous third-degree 149. 154. 280
of the first degree 159 of the second degree 154 terminology 36. 137. 269.
300 See also Cube problems
Factorization 151. 153. 154. 303
False position double 82. 103. 103 n.136.
306 single 20. 30. 59. 60. 87.
101. 102. 133. 193. 194. 197. 211. 212. 228. 280
False values 37 Favourite configurations 69
n.94. 276. 285. 285 n.322
Favourite problems 285-287. 313.372
Field plans 103. 228 Fields. inventory of real 230
n.256 Filling problems 321. 341
n.399. 359. 366. 405 Format of mathematical texts
9. 32 tense and person 9. 32.
338. 342. 344. 353. 370. 392 n.486
Formula. computational. delineation of pertinent concept of 230 n.254
Formulae closing prescription 32. 32
n.55. 323. 327. 346. 347
opening prescription 32. 319. 322. 326. 328. 329. 334. 335. 346. 355
opening statement 32. 32 n.55. 34 n.58. 319. 322. 326. 329. 334
fractions composite 16 n.20. 134 simple. with special signs
16 written as ordinals 16
Functional abstraction 10. 58. 280-282
no characteristic of the surveyors' riddles 380
General rules in Late Babylonian mathe
matics 389. 396 in OB mathematics 179.
181. 213. 261, 281.
341, 341 n.399, 342, 383; -, eliminated 344 nA03, 383
in oral traditions 383 nA74 Geometric configuration, pre
cedence over algebraic structure and technique 136, 137, 161, 162, 174
Geometrica 336 n.392, 368, 368 nA43, 370-372, 382, 402 nA90, 406, 406 nA94, 407
not by Hero 406 nA94 Geometrie der Lage 199 "Going" as repetition of oper
ation 182, 189, 327, 357 nA23
Greco-Egyptian mathematics 414 n.506
Greek mathematics, the role of theoretical problems 367
Greek practitioners' mathematics 406
Half "accidental" 31 "natural", and bisection
31, 51, 260; -, nonstandard terms 323,
"334,336 "natural", no Sumerian
concept 31, 31 n.53 "Hand, method of the", a free
invention 182 n.207 Height of an isosceles triangle
in Late Babylonian mathematics 390
in DB mathematics 265 "Humanism", scribal 315, 384 Identifiers
for numbers 37, 37 n.65, 64,94
numbers used as 37, ISO, 161, 179, 283, 285
i g i, see also term index
Subject Index 449
as part of something 30 as reciprocal 28 as "share" 30 n.52 origin and etymology 28 terminological distinction
between functions 30 igum-igibum problems 35, 55,
138, 158, 159, 159 n.191, 160, 281, 299, 381, 390
use of accounting terminology 20, 159
Indeterminate problems 181, 188, 364
Indian mathematics 281, 298, 364, 374, 408, 409, 410 nA98, 413, 414
algebraic schemes 298, 409
"Inscription" of numbers 40, 59, 59 n.84, 64, 69, 75, 163, 170, 260, 332, 339, 344, 347, 348, 354
Interrogative phrases 39, 159 n.189, 253 n.284, 320, 323, 326 n.374, 327, 329, 330, 330 n.380, 334, 335, 338, 341, 346, 352, 355, 357 nA24, 361, 376, 377
Inversion of given and unknown magnitudes 132 n.154, 220, 268 n.307, 274, 276
Irrationals Greek investigation of 367 no Babylonian reason to
discover 297 Jaina mathematics 409 Kassite period 310
mathematics 387 socio-cultural change 315 virtual absence of math-
ematical texts 315, 387
"Know, You/l do not" 30, 335,
450 Subject Index
337,341,351,354, 389, 389 n.479, 391
Languages Akkadian 4, 310 Assyrian 4, 310 Babylonian 4, 310 See also Sumerian
Larsa a (likely) centre for the
formation of Akkadian mathematics 315, 345, 356, 359, 359 n.426, 360, 387
mathematical texts probably from (= group 1) 337
Late Babylonian mathematics 388
terminology 389 texts owned by "exorcists"
388 "Lay practitioners' mathemat
ics" adoption into the scribe
school 321 n.367, 322, 340, 344, 359, 374, 382-384, 389
readoption in Late Babylonian period 316, 391
"Lay" mathematical practice and practitioners 316, 324, 326, 339, 340, 345, 349, 350, 355, 360, 361, 368, 379, 380, 381 n.468, 382, 383, 386, 400, 404, 409,417
Linguistic criteria, Goetze's 317 n.357, 318, 319 n.362, 328, 328 n.376, 386
Loanwords Akkadian in Greek 209 Akkadian in Sumerian 352 Sumerian in Akkadian 27,
30 n.51, 74 n.100, 182,200,215 n.242, 248, 376, 389, 391
Logical operators 37, 38, 319, 323, 327, 330 n.381, 334, 336, 355, 377
seemingly no Ur III antecedents 376
Logograms 4 and genuine ideograms 24
n.37, 25, 347 n.410 in Akkadian writing 4
Mathematical problems constructed from the solution 29, 196 n.225, 221,221 n.247, 288
exceptions 159, 267, 267 n.305,268
Mathematical texts identification by museum
number 11 n.15 meant as support for
memory 130 n.152, 299
metalanguage 32 Old Babylonian 315;-,
division into groups 317
to be understood "by default 34 n.58, 132
Mental geometry 59 n.84, 77, lOS, 110, 15~ 281, 285
implications for the order of computational steps 110
Mesopotamia geographical divisions 309 historical periodization 2
n.4, 309-311 Metrological tables 8, 18,81,
307 Late Babylonian 388, 410
n.499 Metrological units made
explicit in algebra texts
77, Ill, 209, 223, 225, 351 n.414
Metrologies 16 Metrology
and sexagesimal principle 18
and "units" 17 "basic units" 17, 78 for area 17, 229 for horizontal distance 17 for vertical distance 17 for volume 17 Kassite and subsequent
periods 315, 388 proto-literate 311 units as semantic deter
minatives 17 Mock reckonings 321, 341,
382, 387 eliminated from mature OB
school mathematics 382
"Model documents" in proto-literate mathemat
ics teaching 313 in U r III mathematics
teaching 314, 375 Multiplication, Tables of 8, 18 Multiplicative operations 21
brickwork calculation 22 concrete, "category-con
serving" ("raising" etc.) 22,291
determination of areas 22, 229
and "going" 23 number by number 22 repetition 23 "raising" and determination
of volumes 22 Naive geometry
consolidated in Elements II 98,401
in al-Khwarizml 412 in Piero della Francesca
371
Subject Index 451
Old Babylonian 97, 100 "Naive" approach
delineation of concept 98 in OB mathematics 98
"Name" of an entity 95 n.129 "Natural" coefficients
eliminated from mature OB school mathematics 381
notion of 21, 21 n.32, 59, S9 n.83, 294374
Negative numbers not found in Babylonian mathematics 21, 21 n.32, 59, 59 n.83, 294
Neo-Sumerian period. See Ur III
Nested algorithms 76 n.102 Nested areas and volumes 199 Nippur
mathematical texts 35 n.59, 125 n.149, 224, 253 n.284, 280, 344, 352,354
particularities of mathematical terminology 354, 355, 357, 360 n.429, 376, 377 n.463, 382
Non-Euclidean geometry 292 "Norm of concreteness" 58,
82, 155, 155 n.185, 174, 178, 320, 324, 347, 348, 383
Number notations non-place-value notations
16 the place value system 12,
15; -, decimal seximal 15 n.19; -, origin 314
Number words, Indo-European 291 n.333
Numbers in the conformal translation 12, 15
Numbers "merely known" 87, 89 n.118, 93, 95, 99,
452 Subject Index
150, 157,161,213, 234, 283, 354
"Numerical tablets" 312 n.349 Old Akkadian period. See Sar
gonic period Old Babylonian period 310,
314 the collapse 315
Omina, format 37 Oral culture, general character
istics 324 n.371, 340, 340 n.397, 365, 383 n.474
Oral instruction in DB mathematics 85, 161, 272 n.310, 283, 283 n.320, 338, 384
Parthian period 311 Partitioned surfaces. See Sub
divided figures; Striped figures
"Periphery" text groups and mathematics 38, 38
. n.66, 224, 253, 283 n.320, 315, 329, 329 n.377, 331 n.382, 332, 337, 340, 345, 348-350, 348 n.411, 355, 359-361, 386, 387
texts from group 5 332, 359 n.426
See also Eshnunna ... ; Susa, ... ; Sippar, ...
Perpendicularity not understood as
verticality 229 understood in relation to
area determination 228 "practical" 34 n.58, 228-
230 Persian period 311 Pole-against-wall problems
275, 307, 385, 394, 398, 399, 406
"Positing" 29, 39, 40, 51, 64, 73,81,82 n.108, 87,
179, 180, 185, 197, 211,241,296,375
Practitioners' knowledge sys-tems, pre-Modem
autonomous 362 general characteristics 363 "sub-scientific" and
"scholasticized" 363 Problem statements, separation
of general information and actual situation 338 n.395
Problem texts 8 Procedure texts 8
structuration 37, 38 "Projection" and "broad line"
51 Proofs of problem solutions
38,63,81,84,215, 218, 222, 258, 260, 323, 330 n.381, 334, 386
Protoliterate period 310,313 administration mathemat
ically planned 313 mathematics teaching by
model documents 313 metrology 311
Pseudo-coefficients eliminated from mature DB school mathematics 381
"Pythagorean rule" 197, 199, 254, 257, 260, 262, 266, 268, 272, 275, 385-387, 390, 399
cut-and-paste proof 386 discovered after the quad
ratic completion 387 Pythagorean triples 288, 386 Pythagoreans and Neopytha
goreans 372, 372 n.454
Quadratic completion 14, 19, 31, 55, 57, 94, 98, 155, 159,172,174,192, 237, 276, 297, 324,
347, 354 termed "the Akkadian
(method)" 94, 379 in school teaching 381 invention 379 Seleucid alternative 396 to rectangle 94
Quadratic equation, double solution not pertinent for the cut-and-paste procedure 221
Quotations from problem statement 33, 38
Quotient volume 151, 151-154, 151 n.178, 342
"Raising" in determination of rectangular areas 22, 60,64, 191,260
Rates, Problems about combined commercial 9, 10, 206, 206 n.234, 299, 321, 323 n.369
"Real" walking or section demarcation? 169 n.195, 185, 335 n.391
Reciprocals 28 approximate, of irregular
numbers 29, 29 n.50, 263 n.298
multiplication by 28 of irregular numbers, pe
riodicity not investigated 297 n.339
of regular numbers "not known" 30
or parts of 60? 28 n.46 standard table 28 tables of 8. 18 to be "detached" 28 n.47
Recording material 39 mental 40, 82, 82 n.l08.
373 n.456 Recreational problems
determined from methods 366
Subject Index 453
origin as specialists' riddles 159, 364, 365
role in scholasticized mathematics 364
See also "Supra-utilitarian knowledge"
Rectangle problems 34, 55, 158, 173, 188, 261, 286, 305 n.343, 307, 338, 339 n.396, 343 n.401, 346 n.407, 372-374,378,381,390, 391, 398, 401, 403, 405,406,408-411
basic set 305 n.343, 343 n.401; -, modified 174
of the first degree 182 primary with respect to
square problems? 173 Rectangular figure
conceptualization 34 more fundamental than tri
angle 34 n.58. 274 Rectangularization 23. 320.
331. 331 n.382, 334, 336, 339, 347, 355
and circle area 24 and "holding" of a
trapezoid 24 n.36, 248, 249, 342
coupled to number multiplication 163, 328. 339
of irregular quadrangles 24 n.36
"holding" or "eating"? 23 Reference volume 150-154,
193, 280, 354 regula recta 414 n.506 Regular numbers 27
rounding to 29 n.49 "Remarkable numbers" 67
n.93, 287, 295 subcategories 287
"Repeated" trapezia and triangles 211,215,220,
454 Subject Index
230,233 "Repetitiveness" 284
in symbolic algebra 284 Representation 58, 72
of surfaces and volumes by segments 72, 198, 381
Results, marking of 39 being "given" 40, 319
n.363, 335, 340-342, 344, 346, 347, 360
being "seen" 40, 253, 319, 323, 325-327, 329-331, 346, 350, 352, 356, 357, 360, 360 n.428, 378, 389
by .am 352,355,360 n.428
by -ma 40,319,331,333, 341, 348, 360 n.428
by "positing" 179, 343 "coming up" 40, 319, 319
n.363, 320, 323, 326, 332, 342, 344, 355, 360
Rhetorical algebra 7, 33, 111 n.141,298
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus 307, 321, 405
Riddle format 32, 224, 257, 319319, n.361, 322, 324, 325, 370, 374
Riddles in the Greek Anthology
306 order of actors 225, 371 eristic role in oral culture
365 Riddles, mathematical 306,
321, 325, 359 and mock reckonings 366 solution by tricks 339,
366, 379 Rough work, tablets for 8, 64,
73, 81, 217 Rule of three 102 Sargonic period 310, 314
appearance of new math-
ematical problem types 314
Scaling (in one dimension) 55, 75,76, 100, 110, 181, 208, 212, 215, 220, 233, 234, 238, 238 n.261, 247, 248, 276, 303, 379
coupled to its inverse in the other dimension 244
in school teaching 381 made by "raising" 55 of rectangle into square
55, 202, 208 n.236, 220, 233, 234, 238, 247
precedes determination of number of sides in square problems 75, 110, 158, 191, 216
Scaling factor or ratio, term for 200, 208 n.236
School exercises 106 n.137, 263 n.298, 267 n.304, 307 n.345, 313, 314, 363
format 371, 374 Scribal computation, traditional
type 326, 341 post-Ur III innovations
360,361 Scribal culture, Old Babylonian
315 Scribal profession
and emergence of suprautilitarian mathematics 313
appearance c. 2600 BCE
313 Kassite disappearance of
the school 315 Section demarcation 38, 319,
323, 327, 328, 332, 338 "Seleucid innovations"
also known from Demotic mathematics 406
in Mahiivira 409
Indian origin improbable but not excluded 410 n.498
no trace in Greek theory 405
traces in Greek "low" mathematics 408
Seleucid mathematics 316 igum-igibUm problems 390 new problems and methods
396 practical geometry 390 sums of series 390 supra-utilitarian rectangle
problems 391 terminological innovations
391 texts owned by "astrologer-
priests", etc. 390 Seleucid period 311 Semi-circle 24, 287 n.325 Series texts 9, 111, 125 n.147,
132 n.154, 137, 192, 200, 203, 216 n.243, 223, 279 n.318, 286, 293-295, 298, 299, 303, 318, 327, 329, 330 n.379, 334 n.388, 343, 349-351, 349 n.413, 351 n.414, 353, 357, 357 n.424, 358, 374, 377, 381, 384
"Sexagesimalization" of thirdmillennium metrologies 313
Shortcuts illegitimate 174 intentionally avoided 76
Side-and-diagonal numbers 262, 263, 265, 267, 272, 379 n.466, 408
Sign names 4 Similarity of figures 228, 233
probably a primary concept 228
use of constant coefficients
Subject Index 455
228,256 "Simplicity", dependent on
culture and habit 290 n.332
Sophists' mathematics 367 n.441
Square, "front"/"width" of. See "Each ... "
Square, "length" of 125 n.149, 189 n.212, 328, 354 n.420
Square configuration and "counterpart" 25
See also "Counterpart" Square problems 34,50-53,
58, 73, 108, 111, 173, 221, 222, 225, 252, 286, 302-304, 330 n.379, 368, 369, 370, 373,409
about subdivision 58, 60, 61, 191,304
with double positive solution 221, 304 n.342
Square roots approximate computation
262,268 "extracted" from known
end result 72, 196 n.223, n.225
table of 159 Square side
lay favourite value 10 382 OB favourite value 30 382
Squares, Tables of 8 Squaring and square configur
ation 25 Standard diagrams 68, 70, 99,
172,260,343,387 Standard representation
and "real" fields 35, 87, 225,280
and "school-yard" dimensions 35 n.60, 77, 280, 351 n.414, 382
and standard problems 34
456 Subject Index
notion of 34 rare syllabic writings of
central terms 34. 324 the central Sumerograms
34. 35. 320. 324 Statements. opening of 32. 32
n.55. 34 n.58. 319. 322. 326. 329. 334
Stone riddles 305. 307. 327. 341. 351. 359
Striped figures 234. 239. 277. 285. 387
See also Subdivided figures Structural analysis. principle of
14 Structure diagrams 105. 107.
110. 256. 281 Subdivided figures 77. 82.
231. 234. 237. 239. 244. 254. 276
See also Striped figures "Subscientific" know ledge
systems carried by master-appren
tice networks 363 of oral cultural type 365 specialists'. not "folk"
knowledge 365 n.438 "Subtractive numbers" 59. 59
n.83. 296. 296 n.338 Subtractive operations 20. 52
comparison 21. 21 n.32. 59; -. reversed 21. 134
identity-conserving 20. 163. 292. 320. 323. 341. 347. 355
Sulbasutras 408. 409 Sulgi reform 314. 325
impact on mathematics 314. 325. 375
Sumerian a scribal language from Old
Babylonian times opward 315
as understood by Akkadian
native speakers 26 n.42
ergativity and case structure 25 n.40
history of the language 313 n.352
no longer spoken in the OB period 310
OB mathematical texts in 250. 344. 352. 354 n.419. 355
verbal prefixes 27 n.44 See also Unorthographic
Sumerian Sumerian mathematics 3 Sumerograms 4
as technical language 35 improper. in OB mathemat
ics 377 newly created in OB math
ematics 361 no proof of Sumerian ori
gin 315 n.353 Late Babylonian and Se
leucid reinvention with new meanings 316. 389
See also Logograms "Supra-utilitarian" knowledge
and mathematical exploration 384
delineation of concept 159 different in character from
theoretical knowledge 367
in OB mathematics 307 in OB scribal "humanism"
315. 384 in "subscientific" know
ledge systems 366 versus theoretical know
ledge 367 Supra-utilitarian problems 305.
305 n.343. 366 around 2600 BCE 313. 378 in early OB Ur 356
in theme texts 306, 346 Late Babylonian 316, 388 Sargonic 378 seemingly absent during Ur
III 314, 378 Seleucid 390, 391
"Surveyors' formula" 230, 244, 249
(mis)use in problem construction 231, 244
conditions for additivity 249
in Geometrica 406 n.494 in Mahiivira 409 rare example of erroneous
use 230 n.256 Surveyors' riddles 287 n.326,
372, 380, 388, 400, 404, 404 n.492, 413, 414
adopted into the OB school 162, 305, 324, 341, 356, 379, 381, 387
echoed in Neopythagorean sources 372
Euclidean critique 401 in Liber mensurationum
410 in Mahiivira 372 in Piero della Francesca
416 n.511, 416 "natural" coefficients 374,
380 no algebra 380 solved by naive geometry
380 used by al-Khwiirizmi 413
Surveyors' tradition 19 n.27, 314,350,351,351 n.414, 400
and naive geometry 408 discovery of the quadratic
completion 379 echoes in Demotic Egypt
405 echoes in Mahiivira 409
Subject Index 457
heritage in OB mathematics 356, 361
echoes in Greek "low" mathematics 407
probable date of Greek adoption 402
Susa a particular mathematical
environment 85 general history 310 mathematical texts 15
n.19, 33, 60, 87, 89, WI, 125 n.149, 161, 188, 206, 224, 256 n.288, 267, 283 n.320, 318, 326, 329, 354 n.420, 356 n.422, 358, 359,384
particularities of mathematical terminology 22, 33, 88, 331 n.384, 332, 351,357,382
scribes not native Akkadian speakers 33, 328
Susian method, supposed specific: a misreading 85 n.112, 93 n.128
Sy llabic writing 4 Symbolic algebra 7, 33, 36,
60, 111 n.141, 198 n.228, 244 n.271, 284, 298,299
Syncopated algebra 111 n.141, 298,299
Synthetic character of certain OB solutions 99 of Euclidean proofs 98, 99
Syro-Phoenician mathematics 107
Systematic variation 136, 290, 295, 345, 364, 382
characteristic of the OB school 281 n.319, 288, 351,374,384
consequence of scholastization 363, 381, 384
458 Subject Index
Table texts 8 Teaching strategies reflected in
mathematical texts 161, 162, 192, 243 n.268, 272 n.310
Technical terminology and daily language 5, 20,
25 n.38, 34, 257 characteristics 5, 300 or standardized used of
common language? 101, 300, 302
to be interpreted from use 5
Terminology of OB mathematics: standardized, not fully technical 300
Theme texts 9, 302 ordering 136, 348 theme defined by object
and type of questions 306
Thick surfaces 17, 22, 291 "Token system" 311,311
n.348 "Translation thesis", Neuge
bauer's 278, 278 n.316, 400
Trapezium, bisection of 237, 247, 248, 277, 353, 379
based on concentric squares and scaling 238, 248
generalized 245, 277, 341, 387
in Euclid 403,404 known before 2200 BeE
237, 314, 379 Tricks, non-generalizable
eliminated from mature OB school mathematics 379, 382
"True values" 35 n.60, 37, 87, 169, 256, 257
Unfinished-ramp problems 36, 217, 220, 233, 234, 281, 286, 381
Un orthographic Sumerian 27, 213, 325, 327, 357 n,424
Ur,OB earliest example of Old
Babylonian mathematics 315, 355-357, 359
mathematical texts 26 n,42, 27 n,44, 36 n.64, 224, 352-354; -, dating 250 n.276, 360
particularities of mathematical terminology 253, 325, 350, 352
Ur III 314 absence of supra-utilitarian
mathematics 314, 315, 378
mathematics teaching 375 no trace of a culture of
mathematical problems 376, 377, 384
school curriculum 323, 375
mathematical terminology 375,376
"Ur-III type" of computation 322, 325, 326, 359
nominal ib.si8 325, 332, 338,361
See also Scribal computation, traditional type; Sulgi reform
Uruk, mathematical texts possibly from (=group 3) 335
Uruk III 310 Uruk IV 310
formation of the bureaucratic state 311
Volume determination of 22 terminology 36, 36 n.64
Wax tablets 107, 410 n,499 Writing, protoliterate invention
of 311, 311 n.348
Writing direction 209. 229. 410 n.499
Zero final 293. 294 intermediate 293. 294. 327 outcome of subtraction
185. 293. 294
Subject Index 459
Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences
Continued from page ii
J. H0yrup Length, Widths, Surfaces: A Portrait of Old Babylonian Alegbra and Its Kin
A. Jones (Ed.) Pappus of Alexandria, Book 7 of the Collection
E. Kheirandish The Arabic Version of Euclid's Optics, Volumes I and II
J. Liitzen Joseph Liouville 1809-1882: Master of Pure and Applied Mathematics
J. Liitzen The Prehistory of the Theory of Distributions
G.H. Moore Zermelo's Axiom of Choice
O. Neugebauer A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy
O. Neugebauer Astronomical Cuneiform Texts
FJ. Ragep Nasir ai-Din al-Tiisi's Memoir on Astronomy (al-Tadhkira ff ciim al-hay'a)
B.A. Rosenfeld A History of Non-Euclidean Geometry
J. Sesiano Books IV to VII of Diophantus' Arithmetica: In the Arabic Translation Attributed to Qus!il ibn Liiqil
B. Stephenson Kepler's Physical Astronomy
N.M. Swerdlow/O. Neugebauer Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus's De Revolutionibus
GJ. Toomer (Ed.) Appolonius Conics Books V to VII: The Arabic Translation of the Lost Greek Original in the Version ofthe Banii Miisil, Edited, with English Translation and Commentary by GJ. Toomer
GJ. Toomer (Ed.) Diocles on Burning Mirrors: The Arabic Translation of the Lost Greek Original, Edited, with English Translation and Commentary by GJ. Toomer
Continued from the previous page
C. Truesdell The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics, 1822-1854
K. von Mcycnn, A. Hcrmann, VE Weisskopf (Eds.) Wolfgang Pauli: Scientific Correspondence II: 1930-1939
K. von Meycnn (Ed.) Wolfgang Pauli: Scientific Correspondence III: 1940-1949
K. von Meycnn (Ed.) Wolfgang Pauli: Scientific Correspondence IV, Part I: 1950-1952
K. von Mcycnn (Ed.) Wolfgang Pauli: Scientific Correspondence I V, Part II: t 953-1954