ABB PPMV Modular Systems Product Group, May 2012 · PDF fileABB_PPMV_Modular Systems Product Group, May 2012 . ... M M MMMM M M M M M M M M MMMM. ... Same energy consumed for profile

ABB Inc. May 31, 2012 | Slide 1
Energy Storage Modules Developing a smarter grid using battery energy storage systems
ABB_PPMV_Modular Systems Product Group, May 2012

A smart grid is an electrical grid that gathers, distributes, and acts on
information about the behavior of all components in order to improve the
efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of electricity services.
Smart Grid Value Concept

Increased Capacity increase power delivery using existing
infrastructure
Improved Reliability reduce number and duration of outages,
increase asset life
Greater Efficiency improve power factor, perform voltage
management, provide bidirectional power flow
Sustainability solutions for distributed generation as well as increased
usable life of assets through performance monitoring and analytics
Interoperability and Integration of New Technologies: Storage,
Wireless communications, FDIR, VVM, Monitoring/Diagnostics
Smart Grid Value
Priorities based on Customer Value Drivers

Demand response is an established strategy for leveling load.
There is no question but that the cheapest way to level load is to persuade
electricity consumers to turn on and off their electrical appliances, whether
they be heavy machinery, air conditioners, or electric vehicles, at exactly
the right times
The objective of the electricity service is to provide consumers with safe,
reliable electricity on demand. Consumers should be free to use electricity
whenever they like. It must be the grid that accommodates the consumer.
Smart Grid Value
Lets analyze the challenges of the grid

Network Challenges
ABB Inc May 31, 2012 | Slide 5

Network Challenges Power Generation and Consumption
Power distribution reliability will always be
concern and challenge for utilities,
industrials and consumer end users.
Minimize the Power Interruptions
Reduce the effect of Power Interruptions
Improve performance
Users
Utility
Power Flow

Network Challenges Balance: Energy Generated = Energy Consumed
The electricity market requires that power
generation and consumption are perfectly
balanced.
The challenge is to maintain a near real-
time balance between generation and
consumption.
generation consumption

t
f / V
t
kW
Network Challenges Power Generation and Consumption Ideal Scenario
Utility ideal users:
Flat Power Demand
Users ideal Power
Source:
Constant Voltage and
Frequency

Network Challenges Reality Loads are not flat, Frequency shall be regulated
0
5
10
15
20
25
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Demand in MW
Time of the day
Typical Electrical Energy Consumption Pattern / Commercial

Network Challenges Efficient electrical energy use = Deferral of Investments
If the demand peaks are
shaved > higher load
factors:
Deferral of new
generation capacity
Deferral of new
transformer
Deferral of new
distribution and
transmission lines
Reduce fuel use >
Increase
environmental
benefits
Demand in MW
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
7:00
AM
8:00
AM
9:00
AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00
PM
2:00
PM
3:00
PM
4:00
PM
5:00
PM
6:00
PM
7:00
PM
8:00
PM
9:00
PM
10:00 PM
11:00 PM
12:00 AM

Network Challenges Energy balance challenge
Balancing
generation and
load
instantaneously
and continuously
is difficult
because the
loads and
generator are
constantly
fluctuating
2350
2450
2550
2650
2750
2850
2950
3050
3150
3250
7:00
AM
7:05
AM
7:10
AM
7:15
AM
7:20
AM
7:25
AM
7:30
AM
7:35
AM
7:40
AM
7:45
AM
7:50
AM
7:55
AM
8:00
AM
8:05
AM
8:10
AM
8:15
AM
8:20
AM
8:25
AM
8:30
AM
Load in MW
Generation in MW

Network Challenges Regulation key point in the energy balance
Regulation
helps to
balance the
generation
and load
within the
control area
Regulation in MW
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
7:00
AM
7:05
AM
7:10
AM
7:15
AM
7:20
AM
7:25
AM
7:30
AM
7:35
AM
7:40
AM
7:45
AM
7:50
AM
7:55
AM
8:00
AM
8:05
AM
8:10
AM
8:15
AM
8:20
AM
8:25
AM
8:30
AM

Network Challenges Regulation requires fast response time
Match generation to load within the control range
Fast response time (

Network Challenges Spinning reserve: injection of active power
The unused capacity which can be activated on the decision of the
system operator. Response time: seconds to 10 minutes. Duration from
10 to 120 minutes.
Users
Utility
Power
Flow
Spinning Reserve (Active
Power)
Spinning Reserve
kW

Proliferation of intermittent
renewable energy around the
world such as wind and solar
energy
Network Challenges Renewable source of energy = Variability
"Courtesy of Dr Frank S Barnes - University of Colorado at Boulder"

Network Challenges Faults in the system
It is not practical to design and build electrical networks so as to completely
eliminate the possibility of failure in operation.
A fault occurs when actual current flows from one phase conductor to
another (phase-to-phase) or alternatively from one phase conductor to earth
(phase-to-earth).
Overloading - leading to overheating of insulation (deteriorating quality,
reduced life and ultimate failure).
Overvoltage - stressing the insulation beyond its limits.
Under frequency - causing plant to behave incorrectly.
Power swings - generators going out-of-step or synchronism with each
other.

Network Challenges Cost of Power Interruptions According to a 2004 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) study,
understanding the Cost of Power Interruptions to U.S. Electricity
Consumers, sustained and momentary interruptions on the grid system
cost the national economy $80 billion annually.
The commercial and industrial (C&I) sectors, the engine of our national
economy, bear 98 of these costs.
Industrial 72%
Commercial 25%
Residential 3%
Total Loss due to Power Interruptions

What is Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)? From DC to 3 phase Voltage
Network
Power Converter rectifies the AC
energy into DC to store in the
batteries and then invert the DC
energy into AC energy.

Components of BESS system
Some of the battery types are:
Lead-acid, Li-Ion, Ni-Cd, Zinc
Bromine, NaCl-Ni among others.
The BMS (Battery Management
System) measures the battery
parameters to control the operation
in order to extend the battery life
and increase the safety of the
system.
Inverters rectify the AC energy into
DC to store in the batteries and then
invert the DC energy into AC energy,
single or three phase at 50 or 60
Hertz .
The energy inverted into AC power
can be connected to the electrical
network at low (

BESS Improves the performance, capacity and reliability of the grid
How?

BESS Contribution to the Network Regulation Provider: Fast injection of active power
Users
Utility
Power
Flow
Active Power for
Regulation
Battery Energy
Storage System

BESS Contribution to the Network Reliability: stable and continuous power supply regardless of the supply source status.
Storage will allow loads to operate through outages
Users
Utility
Power
Flow
KW from the
Energy Storage
System
X
Failure in the
main line source
or transformer
X

BESS Contribution to the Network Reliability:

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ABB PPMV Modular Systems Product Group, May 2012 · PDF fileABB_PPMV_Modular Systems Product Group, May 2012 . ... M M MMMM M M M M M M M M MMMM. ... Same energy consumed for profile