AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07

System Requirements ReviewSystem Requirements Review2/20/072/20/07

Team 1Team 1

John HorstJohn Horst Jared OdleJared Odle Keith FayKeith Fay Boyce DaubyBoyce Dauby

Andrew KovachAndrew Kovach Akshay RajeAkshay Raje Jason DarbyJason Darby Manish HandaManish Handa

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 22

Target MarketTarget Market Primary Target MarketPrimary Target Market

Military/GovernmentMilitary/Government ArmyArmy Coast GuardCoast Guard National GuardNational Guard Department of Department of

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security FEMAFEMA

Secondary Target Secondary Target MarketMarket CivilianCivilian

Wireless Wireless Communications Communications ProvidersProviders

Search and RescueSearch and Rescue Expeditionary ForcesExpeditionary Forces Research InstitutionsResearch Institutions Land DevelopersLand Developers

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 33

Market SizeMarket Size By 2010, existing and planned capacities By 2010, existing and planned capacities

are forecast to meet only 44 percent of the are forecast to meet only 44 percent of the need projected by Joint Vision 2010 to need projected by Joint Vision 2010 to ensure information superiority.ensure information superiority. Tactical communication needs can be met much more

responsively and effectively with ACNs than with satellites. ACNs can effectively augment theater satellite capabilities

by addressing deficiencies in capacity and connectivity. Satellites are better suited than UA for meeting high

capacity, worldwide communications needs.- UAS Roadmap 2005- UAS Roadmap 2005

ACN: Aircraft Communication NodeACN: Aircraft Communication Node

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 44

CompetitionCompetition Conventional CompetitionConventional Competition

Broadcast TowersBroadcast Towers Communication SatellitesCommunication Satellites Lighter-Than-Air VehiclesLighter-Than-Air Vehicles

Unmanned Aerial VehiclesUnmanned Aerial Vehicles Shadow 200Shadow 200 BA-71KBA-71K HunterHunter PredatorPredator

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 55

Market SizeMarket Size Current ACN systemsCurrent ACN systems

RQ7 Shadow 200RQ7 Shadow 200100 built out of 332 planned for 100 built out of 332 planned for

productionproduction Remainder of MarketRemainder of Market

Possible demand for 420 additional ACN Possible demand for 420 additional ACN systemssystems

Estimate to satisfy 10% of this void Estimate to satisfy 10% of this void during the first year of productionduring the first year of production

Planned production of approximately 42 Planned production of approximately 42 ACN systemsACN systems

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 66

Concept of OperationsConcept of Operations Mission Statement:Mission Statement:

The objective is to provide a fixed-wing, semi-autonomous, The objective is to provide a fixed-wing, semi-autonomous, long-endurance, continuous-area coverage unmanned long-endurance, continuous-area coverage unmanned aerial vehicle to relay communication of tactical aerial vehicle to relay communication of tactical importance for an extended period of time.importance for an extended period of time.

TakeoffTakeoff Conventional runway takeoff (Autonomous or Remote Conventional runway takeoff (Autonomous or Remote

Operation)Operation) Distance from Takeoff to Coverage AreaDistance from Takeoff to Coverage Area

Approximately 100 nautical milesApproximately 100 nautical miles Loiter Time/Velocity/AltitudeLoiter Time/Velocity/Altitude

24 hours at 80 kts at 15,000 ft. AGL24 hours at 80 kts at 15,000 ft. AGL

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 77

Concept of OperationsConcept of Operations Transmitting/ReceivingTransmitting/Receiving

Ground Forces Ground Forces UAV UAV Command Station or other Command Station or other Ground ForcesGround Forces

ControlControl Autonomous with manual backup/mission overrideAutonomous with manual backup/mission override

Remote OperatorsRemote Operators Trained military UAV pilots controlling from Mission Trained military UAV pilots controlling from Mission

Command CenterCommand Center Level of ThreatLevel of Threat

Design for high threat environmentDesign for high threat environment

Auxiliary PayloadsAuxiliary Payloads Possible communications jamming equipment and/or Possible communications jamming equipment and/or

countermeasurescountermeasures

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 88

Concept of OperationsConcept of Operations LandingLanding

Conventional runway landing (Autonomous or Remote Conventional runway landing (Autonomous or Remote Operation)Operation)

Continuous Coverage/RefittingContinuous Coverage/Refitting Active UAV ceases coverage and returns for refuelling Active UAV ceases coverage and returns for refuelling

after replacement UAV arrives and initiates coverageafter replacement UAV arrives and initiates coverage Number of UAVs per SystemNumber of UAVs per System**

Two for continuous coverage cycle with one for reserveTwo for continuous coverage cycle with one for reserve

*System*System Continuous coverage capability over a tactical mission area for Continuous coverage capability over a tactical mission area for

an indefinite period of timean indefinite period of time

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 99

Communications PayloadCommunications Payload AJCN - AJCN - Adaptive Joint C4ISR Node by BAE Systems

Weight 200 – 270 lbsPower 1500 W

Volume* 6 – 9 ft3

Range (Air-to-Ground)

55 – 100 nm @ 15,000 ft

Range (Air-to-Air) 60 nm @ 15,000 ft

*Volume approximated by avionic density: 0.02 – 0.03 ft*Volume approximated by avionic density: 0.02 – 0.03 ft33/lb/lb

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1010

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1111

Main Design RequirementsMain Design Requirements EnduranceEndurance

Target: 24 hoursTarget: 24 hours Threshold: 14 hoursThreshold: 14 hours

RangeRange Target: 100 nm to Target: 100 nm to

mission areamission area Threshold: 50 nm Threshold: 50 nm

to mission areato mission area

CeilingCeiling Target: 30,000 ft MSLTarget: 30,000 ft MSL Threshold: 20,000 ft Threshold: 20,000 ft

MSLMSL Loiter AltitudeLoiter Altitude

15,000 ft AGL15,000 ft AGL

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1212

Mission ProfileMission Profile

0-1 Taxi/Takeoff0-1 Taxi/Takeoff 1-2 Climb to Cruise Altitude1-2 Climb to Cruise Altitude 2-3 Cruise to Target2-3 Cruise to Target 3-4 Change to Loiter Altitude3-4 Change to Loiter Altitude

4-5 Loiter4-5 Loiter 5-6 Change to Cruise Altitude5-6 Change to Cruise Altitude 6-7 Cruise to Runway6-7 Cruise to Runway 7-8 Descend7-8 Descend 8-9 Land/Taxi8-9 Land/Taxi

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1313

Trade Study ConstantsTrade Study ConstantsCombat Radius 100 nm

L/D 12Propeller Efficiency 0.8

Specific Fuel Consumption(cbhp)

0.4 lb/hp-hr (cruise)0.5 lb/hp-hr (loiter)

Loiter Velocity 80 ktswe/w0 (from UAV database)

Fuel Density 6.02 lb/gal

0.36 0.1600.06W E

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1414

Trade StudiesTrade Studies5% Fuel Reserve

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1515

Trade StudiesTrade Studies5% Fuel Reserve

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1616

Trade StudiesTrade Studies1% Fuel Reserve

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1717

Trade StudiesTrade Studies1% Fuel Reserve

AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07AAE 451 - Team 1 - 2/20/07 1818

Next StepNext Step Payload Payload

DefinitionDefinition Currently Currently

designing around designing around AJCN, few details AJCN, few details have been foundhave been found

Alternate payload Alternate payload capabilitiescapabilities

Refined Sizing Refined Sizing StudiesStudies

Concept Concept SelectionSelection