A Tecnologia de Controladores Buck Da Familia UCD

7/29/2019 A Tecnologia de Controladores Buck Da Familia UCD

1/45

Texas InstrumentsBrazil Tech Day

Digital Power

Adrian Harris

Product Marketing Engineer

High Performance Analog


2/45

2

Overview

z What is Digital Power?

z UCD911x + UCD7230 Solutionz UCD92xx + Power Train Solution

z Application Examples

z Cost Analysisz Phase Management

z Summary


3/45

3

What is Digital Power?Generic Power System Block Diagram

RectifierRectifier

SwitchesSwitches(FETs)(FETs)

LCLCNetworkNetwork

ControllerController(Compensator)(Compensator)

VVinin

VVoutoutPWMPWM

The controller block is what differentiates between a digitalThe controller block is what differentiates between a digital

power system and a conventional analog power systempower system and a conventional analog power system


4/45

4

What is Digital Power?Analog Controller (s-domain)

AnalogAnalog

ControllerController(s(s--domain)domain)

AnalogAnalog

PWMPWM

ErrorError

AmplifierAmplifier

--

++VVrefref

VVoutout

RR11 RR33

RR22

RR44

CC33

CC11

CC22

--

++

RR55

VVcc

RR66

PWMPWMVVoutout


5/45

5

What is Digital Power?Digital Controller (z-domain)

DigitalDigital

ControllerController(z(z--domain)domain)

DigitalDigital

PWMPWM

ADCADC

(Hi(Hi--speed)speed)

Data BusData Bus

ADCADC

CPUCPU

FlashFlash watchdogwatchdogGPIOGPIO

PMBusPMBus

PWMPWMVVoutout


6/45

6

Analog vs. Digital Solution Tradeoffs

DIGITA

L

ANALOG

z Higher quiescent current

z Dual chip solution (controller + driver)z GUI, programmable parametersz Adaptive and nonlinear compensationz Flexibility, easier board developmentz Features integrationz Multiphase reliability

Phase shedding

N+1 redundancyz Easier PWM synchronizationz Fault loggingz Up to 32 devices on single PMBus

z Hardwired design

z Separate signal lines for every

converter

z No communication with controllers

z Need separate system manager

z Continuous operation (infinite sample rate)

z Low power consumptionz Single chip solutions available

(integrated driver)

Strengths Weaknesses


7/45

7

What does a digital solution provide?

z High levels of integration

Multiple outputs and phases with one controller

Integrated sequencing, margining, management

General purpose microcontroller for housekeeping

z Advanced functionality

Real time power system diagnostics data logging and failure prediction

Adaptive control for varying operation modes and load characteristics

Calibration in manufacturing

z System optimization

Dead band control for improved efficiency Enhanced phase management


8/45

8

z Computer

Servers

Storage

UPS

z Communications

Rectifiers

Base stations

Routers

z Industrial, Test and Measurement

Semiconductor Test Equipment

Lighting Medical equipment

Digital Pow er Ready End Equipment


9/45

9

TIs UCD 9k Digital Power Controller Family

UCD92xx

UCD91xx

UCD9240

UCD9230

UCD9220

UCD9112

UCD9111

4 indoutputs64 & 80 pin

3 ind outputs48 pin

2 ind outputs40 pin

1 output, 2 phase32 pin

1 output, 1 phase32 pin

Outputs

Performance

FUTURE


10/45

10

Digital Power Conversion

UCD91KFamily Products


11/45

11

UCD911x Single Loop Controller

z Single and dual phase synchronous buck

controllers

High speed Fusion Power Peripheral (FPP) 175ps PWM resolution to support wide Vin to Voutratios

Switching frequency up to 1 MHz

Feature rich solutions:

Soft start, soft stop, margining, tracking, sequencing, fan control

Dual phase solution supports phase shedding for improved light load

efficiency

Reconfigurable via PMBus

z 32pin QFN package


12/45

12

UCD9112 Dual Phase Synch Buck Controller

Internal Data Bus

Feedback AnalogConditioning

Fusion Power Peripheral

Digital ErrorConverter

DigitalCompensator

2 x 175psDPWMs

32MHzOscillator

0.5% 800mVReference

6 User ConfigurableChannels for Monitoring

VoltageCurrentTemperature

CPU Core

DataFlash

PMBusTM

Watchdog

CompensatorConfiguration 1

CompensatorConfiguration 2

PWM Outputs

Differential

Sense Inputs


13/45

13

V SenseV Sense Differential AmpDifferential AmpWithWith

ProgrammableProgrammableAttenuatorAttenuator

G SenseG Sense

Error ADCError ADC

10bit, 50ns10bit, 50ns

LSB=+/LSB=+/--2mV2mV

PID CoPID Co--processorprocessor

LoopLoopConfigConfig AA

LoopLoopConfigConfig BB

175ps PWM175ps PWMResolutionResolution

20kHz20kHz 2MHz2MHz

PWM APWM A

PWM BPWM B

8 bit8 bitFrequencyFrequencyGeneratorGenerator

33MHz System33MHz System

ClockClock

VrefVref

UCD911x Fusion Power Peripheral


14/45

14

UCD7230 Digital Power Driver

For digitally controlled powersupplies using UCD9K or F28xcontrollers

High performance

Thermal management, power stagereliability/safety, high efficiency

Unique features:

Low-offset differential current sense

amplifier High side FET protection

3.3-V, 10-mA internal regulator

Significantly reduces number of

external components 4.75V to 15.5V supply voltage

50x


15/45

15

UCD7230 Implementation

DigitalController

DigitalDriver


16/45

16


UCD92K

Family Products


17/45

17

High-Density Digital Power Controller

Fan ControlMargining

NV

Memory

DC/DC3

A

B

DC/DC4

A

B

Sequencing

& Tracking

uController for

Housekeeping

DC/DC1

A

B

DC/DC2

A

B

OscillatorReference


18/45

18

UCD92xx Multiple Loop Controller

z Up to four Outputs and up to eight phases

High speed Fusion Power Peripheral (FPP)

250ps PWM resolution to support wide Vin to Voutratios Switching frequency up to 2 MHz

Feature rich solutions:

Soft start, soft stop, margining, tracking, and sequencing

Multi-phase solution supports phase shedding for improved light load

efficiency

Reconfigurable via PMBus

z 64 and 80 pin QFN package


19/45

19

UCD9240 Controller Overview

Internal Data Bus

Diff Input 1

Up to 16 x 12bit 200kHz Channels& 4 Comparators for Monitoring

Voltage Current Temperature

PWM1 Outputs

Diff Input 2

PWM2 Outputs

Diff Input 3

PWM3 Outputs

Diff Input 4

PWM4 Outputs





33MHzOscillator

LinearRegulator

+/- 0.5%800mV

Reference

PMBusTM

Watchdog

2 Counters/ Timers

33MHzARM7 CPU

Core

DataFlash

w/ECC


20/45

20

Sampling Today

Digital Configurability

Output Voltage

Current limit

Frequency

UVLO

Over-temp

Monitoring of Vin, Vout, Iout, Temperature

Convenience of Modules

Designed and tested 10A and 20A PowerTrains PTD08A010W and PTD08A020W

Digita l Pow er Train Modules

Temp

Sense

Current

Sense

Driver

Inductor

FET

FET


21/45

21

Power Train Efficiency

PTD08A020W Efficiency

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 5 10 15 20

Iout()-Amps

Eff

iciency

-%

4.75V

5.0V

8.0V

10.0V

12.0V

14.0V

PTD08A020W Efficiency

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 5 10 15 20

Iout()-Amps

Eff

iciency

-%

4.75V

5.0V

8.0V

10.0V

12.0V

14.0V

VO =1.2 V VO =3.3 V


22/45

22

Power Train Thermal Performance

PTD08A020W Safe Operating Area

VI = 12 V, VO = 1.2 V, FS = 350kHz

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0

Ta-

C

400LFM

200LFM100LFM

Nat conv

PTD08A020W Safe Operating Area

VI = 12 V, VO = 3.3 V, FS = 350kHz

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0

Ta-C

400LFM

200LFM100LFM

Nat conv


23/45

23

Power Train Thermal Performance

PTD08A010WAD Safe Operating Area

VI = 12 V, VO = 3.3 V, FS = 350kHz

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

Ta-C

400LFM

200LFM

100LFMNat conv

PTD08A010WAD Safe Operating Area

VI = 12 V, VO = 1.2 V, FS = 350kHz

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

T

a-C

400LFM

200LFM

100LFM

Nat conv


24/45

24

Vout4 @ 40A

UCD9240 + Pow er Train Modules Typica l System Architecture

Vout1 @ 10A

Vout2 @ 10A

Vout3 @ 20A

PMBus ControlL

ines

4.75 14 VI


25/45

25

Power Stage Options

Power Stage

Integra

tedDriver

/FET

UCD7230 BasedDiscrete

PowerTrainM

odule


26/45

26

Maximize Efficiency with Integrated Driver/FET

UCD9240 + Integrated Driver/FET Technology

1.1-V, 150-A Efficiency

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Iout()-Amps

Efficiency-%

10.0V

12.0V

14.0V

Plots of various input voltages with output voltage set to 1.1V

Switching frequency at 300kHz, UCD9240 six phase with Renesas DrMos (8V gate drive)


27/45

27

UCD9240EVM - Four-Output EVM

Digital Control

Dynamic

configuration

Full feature

Margining

Soft start/stop

Tracking Sequencing

Selectable fault

response

GUI Configurable


28/45

28

Power + Designer Graphical User Interface


29/45

29


UCD9xxx Applications


30/45

30

Multi-Processor, Multi-Supply Rail Systems

PMBus

1.8 V

1.2 V

3.3 V

1.5 V

Multiple

DSP's

3.3V

1.2V

PLL

1. 8 V

1.8V

MediaInterface

Rapid I/O

1.2V

1.5V


31/45

31

High Current Application

PMBus

1.0 V @ 80 A

A digital control stackingalternative toanalog solutions TPS40140 andPTH08T250W

Very cost competitive with an analogcontrol solution.

Stacked 10 ampPower Trains


32/45

32

Cost Analysis


33/45

33

UCD9240 Cost Effectiveness - 4-Rail Systems

PMBus

+UCD9240 Controller4x UCD7230 Driver


34/45

34

Cost Analysis UCD9240 Controller -vs- Analog

Estimated cost figures are based on typical1k unit pricing.The output current requirement is estimated to be at least 8-A/rail.

The analog based controller is assumed to have a MOSFET driver built-in.

Analysis is based on TPS40180 analog solution.

Power stage cost estimates are not included, and are assumed to be identical for both analog and digital.

# ofdevices

EstimatedCost

# ofdevices

EstimatedCost

Controller 1 $4.50 4 $7.20

MOSFET Driver 4 $2.20 0 $0.00

Supply Voltage

Sequencer 0 $0.00 1 $1.50Bias Power 1 $0.40 0 $0.00

Total 6 $7.10 5 $8.70

UCD9240RGC Digital

Controller

Analog Based

Controller

Got 4 rails? Need to sequence and monitor those rails? Need multi-

phase or load sharing operation?


35/45

35


Phase Management


36/45

36

+

vinRLp1Lp1

Cp1

Resrp1

UCD7230

eslp1

pwm1

RoCo

Resro io

iou voRp

eslo

RLp2Lp2

Cp2

Resrp2

UCD7230

eslp2

s1p2

s2p2

pwm2 s1p3

s2p3

s1p4

s2p4

Multi-Phase Buck Converter


37/45

37

Phase Management

Smaller input and output ripple

Less capacitance Fast dynamic response Smaller PCB board Better Thermal Performance

Low cost profile

Higher efficiency at both light load and heavy load

Ripple voltage minimization across the entire load rangeOptimized dynamic response across the entire load range

Advantages of Multi-Phase Conversion

+advantages of Digital Control Technology

i i i d ffi i


38/45

38

Power Dissipation and Efficiency

Power Losses Versus Load

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Iout (A)

Losses

(W)

One Phase Two Phase Three Phase Four Phase

Effi versu Load

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Iout(A)

Effi(%)

One phase Two phase Three phase Four phase

Using a single phase converter, power losses increase dramatically at heavy load

Multi-phase converters have slightly higher power losses at light load

Multi-phase converters has higher conversion efficiency at heavy load

Ph Sh ddi Effi i O ti i ti


39/45

39

Phase Shedding Efficiency Optimization

Light Load Efficiency

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 5 10 15 20 25

Load (A)

Effi(%

)One Phase

Two Phase

Three Phase

Four Phase

z Efficiency has optimum point at different phase and load conditions

z 30% efficiency increase at 1-A load for single phase compared with 4 phases

Phase Shedding Benefitsz Selectable #of phases for a given load condition

z Optimized efficiency across the entire load range for enhanced performance

PhaseManagement Control Loop Design


40/45

40

Phase Management Control Loop Design

At heavy load (30A) and 4-phase,PM = 70.2 deg at Fcr = 50kHz

At light load (1A) and 1-phase with thesame controller PM=42 deg at Fcr =13 kHz

102

103

104

105

106

107

-225

-180

-135

-90

-45

0

Phase(deg)

Bode DiagramGm=6.95 dB (at 1.57e+006 rad/sec) , Pm=70.2 deg (at 3.09e+005 rad/sec)

Frequency (rad/sec)

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Magn

itude(dB)

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Magnitude(dB)

102

103

104

105

106

107

-225

-180

-135

-90

-45

Phase(deg)

Bode DiagramGm=18.9 dB (at 1.57e+006 rad/sec) , Pm=42 deg (at 1.02e+005 rad/sec)

Frequency (rad/sec)


41/45

41

Control Loop Design Stability and Dynamic Response

At light load (1A) and 1-phase withredesigned controller. PM=68 deg atFcr=50KHz

The PM decreases when shedding phases for light load operation; this may affect stability.

The bandwidth also decreases during phase shedding. This will affect the dynamic response.

After compensator redesign, the loop will have improved performance characteristics.

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Magnitude(dB)

102

103

104

105

106

107

-225

-180

-135

-90

-45

Phase(

deg)

Bode Diagram

Gm=6.87 dB (at 1.57e+006 rad/sec) , Pm=67.6 deg (at 3.09e+005 rad/sec)

Frequency (rad/sec)

Dynamic Phase Adjustment


42/45

42

Dynamic Phase Adjustment

4 Phase, Io= 40A,Vo=1V90interval,Vp-p= 4mV

Shedding from 4 to 3 phases withoutinterval adjustment, Vp-p=10mV

9

10

11

0

1

0.990

0.995

1

1.005

1 2 3 4 5Time( s)

Iph1, Iph2, Iph3 (A)

pwm1,pwm2,pwm3

Vout (V)

9

10

11Iph1, Iph2, Iph3, Iph4 (A)

0

0.5

1

1

0.998

1

1.002

0.9962 3 4 5

pwm1,pwm2,pwm3,pwm4

Vout (V)

Time( s)

Phase Adjustment Ripple Voltage Reduction


43/45

43

Shedding from 4 to 3 phases with adjustment to 120gives5mVp-p

Phase Adjustment Ripple Voltage Reduction

Fusion Digital Power Controller UCD9240


44/45

44

Maximize over the entire load rangethrough phase management andintegrated driver/FET technology.

Meet 3% IC Supply Voltage Tolerancefor up to 20-A load step withminimum capacitance.

Reduce the number ofdesign components.

Configure your POLsystem to cost effectivelymeet any power requirementusing a single device.

Digital power management capabilitiesinclude voltage tracking, margining,

sequencing, and monitoring.

Eliminate the need

for external filters andimprove EMI performance.

Bringing Intelligence to the Point-of-Load

Fusion Digital Power Controller UCD9240

Contacts


45/45

45

Product Marketing

Broad Market - Adrian Harris (214) 567-2207 - [email protected]

Contacts

Documents

A Tecnologia de Controladores Buck Da Familia UCD