A Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention ... · Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07/28/97 7 . These methods reduce the amount of

A Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention

Efforts in Alaska

PREPARED FOR

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

PREPARED BY

Eric Larson Research Associate

Institute of Social and Economic Research University of Alaska Anchorage

3211 Providence Drive Anchorage, AK 99508

July 1997

This analysis was supported in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to meet terms and conditions of Pollution Prevention Incentives for States Grant number NP990507-01.

Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07/28/97 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 5

II. HAZARDOUS WASTES REPORTED BY FACILITIES .................................................................. 6

A. WASTE CATEGORIES .............................................................................................................................. 6 B. WASTE CODES ........................................................................................................................................ 9

III. HAZARDOUS WASTE MINIMIZATION PROGRAMS ............................................................... 17

IV. OTHER WASTES ................................................................................................................................ 21

APPENDIX A: STATISTICAL RESULTS FOR SECTION A .............................................................. 23

APPENDIX B: WASTE CATEGORIES, WASTE DESCRIPTION AND WASTE CODES .............. 35

Summa1y of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07/28/97 3

I. Introduction

Businesses and government agencies in Alaska recycle and reduce a wide variety ofhazardous and non-hazardous wastes each year. A substantial component of their efforts are documented in "Waste Minimization/ Pollution Prevention Supplemental Reports" submitted by businesses and agencies to the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. These reports describe how facilities are meeting federal guidelines to reduce hazardous wastes.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established these federal guidelines as part of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The act directed the EPA to develop regulations to protect human health and the environment from improper hazardous waste management practices. The State of Alaska works cooperatively with the U.S. EPA to help businesses understand and comply with federal hazardous waste requirements. 1

The RCRA regulations are intended to guide the management of hazardous wastes from its generation to its ultimate disposal, or from "cradle-to-grave. "2 The regulations apply to wastes considered hazardous based on their use in a manufacturing process, wastes considered hazardous because of their source, discarded chemical products or spill debris that contain a toxic chemical compound, and discarded products or spill debris that contain an acutely toxic chemical compound.

The purpose of this report is to provide a summary of information and feedback to facilities that handle these different types of wastes. Our analysis is based on the information businesses and government agencies have submitted to the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation on the "Waste Minimization / Pollution Prevention Supplements to Annual Hazardous Waste Reports." For this study we analyzed a total of 121 supplemental reports submitted to the department in 1995 and 1996.

The supplemental reports contain four sections: Section A: Steps taken to reduce and recycle hazardous wastes, Section B: Identifying and assessing opportunities for source reduction and recycling, Section C: Planning for pollution prevention, and Section D: Pollution prevention programs that include other waste streams. For each section of these supplemental reports, we have analyzed, described, and statistically summarized selected information submitted by facilities.

Notably, these supplemental reports do not contain information about the weight or volume of hazardous wastes handled at facilities: the reports were developed to gather information about pollution prevention activities only. We did not attempt to gather additional information about the facilities, nor did we attempt to verify the information reported on the reports. Since the submitted reports are not a scientific sample of all facilities in Alaska, the results in this study apply only to those facilities that submitted reports.

Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07 /28/97 5

II. Hazardous Wastes Reported by FaciJities

In Section A of the supplemental reports, facilities report information about the type of hazardous wastes they produce or handle. First, they report a description of the hazardous waste they generate. These waste descriptions are created by the facilities and do not conform to a standard list of waste names.

The facilities also report waste code numbers for their hazardous wastes. These waste codes are from a standardized list of BP A waste codes. For each waste description, the facilities report either one BP A waste code or a combination of several BP A waste codes. Finally, they report whether each waste is recycled or reduced and what methods they use for recycling and reduction.

In our analysis of the responses, we found a wide variety of waste descriptions. Furthermore, for any one particular waste description, the facilities have also reported a variety of different combinations of EPA waste codes. To meaningfully group the variety of descriptions and code combinations, we developed a list of sixteen waste categories. Each waste category includes one or more waste description as reported by facilities. A single waste description may also include one or more different combinations of EPA waste codes as reported by the facilities. Appendix B includes a full listing of the waste categories and the included waste descriptions and waste codes.

A. Waste Categories

Using the waste categories we developed, we counted the number of facilities reporting they handled wastes in each category. Table 1 lists the waste categories reported by at least ten facilities in Alaska.3 (A full listing of statistics for all sixteen waste categories is included in Appendix A). The number of facilities reporting wastes in each of these categories are listed in the second column of Table 1 and the percent of all facilities reporting the waste are listed in the third column. Notably, the percentages do not total 100% because each facility often reports more than one waste. Facilities are counted in each waste category that includes a waste description they have reported.

The most common hazardous wastes handled by facilities in Alaska are cleaners, degreasers, stoddard solvents, chlorinated compounds, paints, coatings, and flammable liquids. Used oil, oily rags, and waste fuels, batteries, acids, contaminated soils, cleanup wastes, and sludges are also common.


TABLE 1: Facilities Reporting Waste In Five Most Common Waste Categories

Number of Percent of Facilities Facilities

Reporting Waste Reporting Waste

Cleaners, Degreasers, Stoddard Solvents, Chlorinated 46 38.0% Compounds Paints, Coatings, and Other Flammable Liquids 41 33.9%

Used Oil, Oily Rags, and Waste Fuels 29 24.0%

Corrosives including Batteries and Acids 25 20.7%

Contaminated Soils, Cleanup Wastes, and Sludges 10 8.3%

Notes: Counts are from ISER statistical tabulations of Waste Minimization/ Pollution Prevention Supplemental Reports from 1995. Note: Facilities are counted more than once if they report waste descriptions in more than one waste category.

In Section A of the supplemental reports, the facilities also report whether they recycle or reduce each reported waste. As shown in Figure 1 at the end of this section, more than half of the facilities report reducing all of the top five hazardous wastes, except batteries and acids. Batteries and acids are more commonly recycled --over seventy percent of the facilities report recycling batteries and acids. The other four most common waste categories are recycled by ten to forty percent of the facilities, as shown in Figure 1.

Figures 2 through 6 show in more detail the particular reduction and recycling methods used for each of the top five waste categories:

Cleaners: Figure 2 shows that the use of hazardous cleaners, degreasers, stoddard solvents, and chlorinated compounds are most commonly reduced by changes in operations and procedures: over a third of facilities report these changes in procedures. Another twenty-two percent of the facilities report substituting non-toxic materials in place of these substances. These changes in processes and substitutions of materials are the most efficient way of reducing these wastes since they reduce the amount of hazardous materials the facility needs to use. In addition, about fifteen percent of the facilities report recycling the materials on-site, thereby further reducing the amount of these hazardous wastes leaving the site.

Paints: Figure 3 shows a very similar pattern of recycling and reduction methods for paints, coatings, and other flammable liquids. Over forty percent of the facilities report changes in processes and fifteen percent report substitution of non-toxic materials.


These methods reduce the amount of hazardous materials they need to bring onsite. Another fifteen percent report recycling the materials on-site -- further reducing the amount of hazardous wastes leaving the facilities.

Oil: As shown in Figure 4, used oil, oily rags, and waste fuels are commonly reduced and recycled by changes in operations and procedures by about twenty-eight percent of facilities. About twenty-two percent report recycling used oil onsite by burning it for heat.

Corrosives: Figure 5 shows that corrosives, such as batteries and acids, are most commonly recycled at off-site facilities by about forty-six percent of facilities. Many facilities also change operations and procedures or make equipment modifications to reduce the need for bringing new hazardous materials onsite.

Contaminated Soils: Contaminated soils, cleanup wastes, and sludges are most commonly reduced through changes in operations and procedures or substituting non-toxic materials in place of hazardous materials, as shown in Figure 6. These changes reduce the amount of hazardous materials needed at the facilities.


B. Waste Codes

The waste categories described so far include many different combinations of waste codes. In order to look in more detail at the components of these waste categories, we also developed counts of the number of facilities reporting each waste code number. For each reported hazardous waste, facilities specify a combination of one or more EPA waste codes. So facilities are counted more than once, for each waste code number they report.

The waste codes reported by ten or more facilities in Alaska are listed in Table 2.4

(Appendix A contains a full list of statistics for the remaining waste codes). The most commonly reported waste codes include ignitable wastes, lead, corrosive wastes, benzene, various spent non-halogenated solvents, cadmium, various spent halogenated solvents, methyl ethyl ketone, and chromium.

TABLE 2: Facilities Reporting Ten Most Common Waste Codes Number of

Waste Code Name Waste Facilities Code Reporting

Percent of Facilities

Reporting Number Waste Code Waste Code

Ignitable Waste D00l 46 Lead D008 30 Corrosive Waste D002 24 Benzene D018 18 Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, including Xylene & Acetone F003 17 Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, including Cresols & Cresylic Acid F004 15 Cadmium D006 14 Spent Halogenated Solvents F002 14 Methyl Ethyl Ketone D035 13 Chromium D007 12

Notes: Counts are from ISER statistical tabulations of Waste Minimization/ Pollution Prevention Supplemental Reports from 1995. Facilities are counted more than once if they report wastes in more than one waste category.

As shown in Figure 7, nearly all of the waste codes reported are reduced in some way by over seventy percent of the facilities. The three most common waste codes, ignitable wastes, lead, and corrosive waste are also recycled by about forty to fifty percent of facilities. Almost all of the other top-ten waste codes are recycled by twenty to thirty percent of the facilities.


38.0% 24.8% 19.8% 14.9% 14.0% 12.4% 11.6% 11.6% 10.7% 9.9%

100%

90%

80%

U) 70% Q) E CJ 60% ca

LL If- 50% 0 ..... C: 40% Q) CJ '-Q) 30% Q.

20%

10%

0%

FIGURE 1

Percent of Facilities Reporting that Waste is Recycled or Reduced for Five Most Common Wastes

Cleaners, Degreasers, Stoddards, Chlorinated Compounds

Paints, Coatings, and Other

Flammable Liquids

Used Oil, Oily Corrosives Rags, and Waste including Batteries

Fuels and Acids

J llWaste is Recycled tiJWaste is Reduced I

Contaminated Soils, Cleanup Wastes, and

Sludges

UAA-ISER, Hazardous Waste Study HAZWSTSUM.XLS 7/28/97 Page 10

40%

35%

30%

U) Cl)

E 25% ·c:; ns

LL .... 20% 0 .... t: Cl) 0 15% s... Cl) Q.

10%

5%

0%

FIGURE2

Percent of Facilities Using Methods for Recycling or Reduction of Cleaners, Degreasers, Stoddards, Chlorinated Compounds

Changes in Operations I Procedures

Substitution of Equipment Non-Toxic Modifications Materials

On-Site Recycling

Off-Site Recycling

Method Used

Changed Product/ Service

other Methods No Answer

UM-ISER, Hazardous Waste Study HAZWSTSUM.XLS 7/28/97 Page 11

45%

40%

35%

r.n 30% Cl)

E ·o

25% co LL

"""" 0 .., 20% C: Cl)

~ 15% Cl) a.

10%

5%

0%

FIGURE 3

Percent of Faclities Using Methods for Recycling or Reduction of Paints, Coatings, and Other Flammable Liquids

Changes in Operations I Procedures


On-Site Recycling

Off-Site Recycling

Method Used


Other Methods No Answer

UAA-ISER, Hazardous Waste Study HAZWSTSUM.XLS 7 /28/97 Page 12

u, 20% Cl)

E ·c:; n:s

LL .... 15% 0 ..... C: Cl) (.) I.

10% Cl) CL.

FIGURE 4

Percent of Faclities Using Methods for Recycling or Reduction of Used Oil, Oily Rags, and Waste Fuels

Changes in Operations / Procedures


On-Site Recycling

Off-Site Recycling

Method Used




50%

45%

40%

u, 35% Cl)

E 30% ·c:;

C'CS LL '+- 25% 0 ..., C:

20% Cl) 0 s.. Cl) a. 15%

10%

5%

0%

FIGURE 5

Percent of Faclities Using Methods for Recycling or Reduction of Corrosives including Batteries and Acids



On-Site Recycling

Off-Site Recycling

Method Used




50%

45%

40%

U) 35% (l)

E 30% ·c:;

ca LL '+- 25% 0 ...., C

20% (l) u :i.. (l)

Q. 15%

10%

5%

0%

FIGURE6

Percent of Faclities Using Methods for Recycling or Reduction of Contaminated Soils, Cleanup Wastes, and Sludges



On-Site Recycling

Off-Site Recycling

Method Used




FIGURE 7

Percent of Facilities Reporting Recycling or Reduction for Ten Most Common Waste Codes in 1995


0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Ignitable Waste -- DOO1

Lead -- DOO8

Corrosive Waste -- DOO2

Benzene -- DO18

(1) "C o Spent Non-Halog. Solvents, Xylene & Acetone -- FOO3

(.)

.! ~ Spent Non-Halog. Solvents, Cresols & Cresylic Acid -- FOO4 s:

Cadmium -- DOO6

Spent Halogenated Solvents - FOO2

Methyl Ethyl Ketone -- KOSO

Chromium -- DOO7

II Waste is Reduced

UAA-ISER-Hazardous Waste Study HAZWSTSUM.XLS

(!lJWaste is Recycled

7/28/97 Page 16

III. Hazardous Waste Minimization Programs

As part of the RCRA, the U.S. EPA has established guidelines for facilities' waste minimization programs. Responses to questions in Section B and Section C of the supplemental reports help to characterize their waste minimization programs. 5 Figures 8 and 9 at the end of this section summarize facilities' responses to questions in Section B and Section C.

The EPA guidelines for waste minimization programs indicate the programs should include top management support that extends through out the organization. According to responses in Section B, over seventy percent of facilities report that top management supports and is committed to their waste minimization assessments. Facilities also report in Section C that about fifty percent of the facilities have a company-wide waste minimization policy statement.

The guidelines encourage facilities to maintain a waste accounting system. About fifty percent of the facilities compile waste generation data that helps them to develop a waste accounting system. Sixty percent of the facilities report their waste minimization plan identifies wastes produced at the facility.

The EPA recommends facilities conduct periodic waste assessments. Fifty percent report in Section C that their waste minimization plan includes periodic waste assessments. Ninety percent of the facilities responded to some or all of the questions in Section B, indicating they had conducted some type of waste assessments.

The EPA guidelines suggest a cost allocation system that identifies the cost of waste generation and management. Twenty-five percent of the facilities report their waste minimization plan charges waste management costs directly to waste generating departments or production units. Almost seventy percent of the facilities report that they assess recycling and reduction opportunities for economic and technical feasibility

The guidelines encourage technology transfer between different parts of the organization. There are no questions in the supplemental report to indicate whether facilities are meeting this guideline. However, some of the written description provided by facilities indicated that facilities were encouraging technology transfer where appropriate. Because of the limits of this project, we were not able to fully investigate the extent of technology transfer at facilities.

The guidelines encourage facilities to implement recommendations identified in the assessment process. Over sixty percent of the facilities report that they implement the recycling and reduction options they identify in their assessments.


.... C: Cl)

E en en Cl) en ~

FIGURE 8

Summary of Section B of Supplemental Reports: Percent of Facilities Reporting Characteristics of Assessments of

Recycling and Reduction Opportunities


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Conducted by Team

Top Management Support

Follow EPA Protocol

Include Overall Program or Goals

Compile Data

Prioritize and Select Targets

Produce Number of Options

Identify Options for Study

Options Analyzed for Technical Feasibility

Options Analyzed for Economic Feasibility

Options Implemented

Evaluated after Implementation

•Yes Ii No Ill No Answer


U) 0

;i U) ·c: s 0 e cu .c (.)

C .! a.

FIGURE 9

Summary of Section C of Supplemental Reports: Percent of Facilities Reporting Characteristics of Hazardous Waste

Management Plan

Plan is written down

Plan includes a company-wide waste minimization policy statement

Plan includes periodic waste minimization opportunity assessments

Plan identifies wastes produced at the facility

Plan identifies toxic and hazardous materials used at the facility

Plan "charges" waste management costs directly to waste generating departments or production units

Facility actively trains its employees about waste minimization

•Yes


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

GD No lllNo Answer


IV. Other Wastes

In Section D of the Supplemental Reports, many facilities provide additional information about wastes that are not covered by the RCRA hazardous waste regulations. Some of the facilities report details about how they handle office paper, aluminum and other metals, used oil, antifreeze, batteries, waste water discharges, air emissions, and other wastes.

Office Paper: Fifty-five percent of the facilities report that they reduce or recycle office paper. Of those who report the method they use, sixty-three percent report some sort ofrecycling method and thirty-three percent report reduction of paper use. A small percentage bum waste paper. Seven facilities reported the weight of paper they recycle. These facilities ranged from recycling 100 pounds to 46,000 pounds in a year. The average for these seven firms was about 13,000 pounds annually.

Aluminum: Sixty-two percent of the facilities report they reduce or recycle aluminum or other metals. Forty-seven percent of the facilities reported the method they used for recycling or reducing. Among these facilities eighty-seven percent report some sort of recycling and about eleven percent report reducing the amount of metals they used. Eight facilities reported the weight of aluminum or metals they recycled. The minimum for these facilities was nine pounds, the maximum was 12,900 pounds and the average was 1,830 pounds in a year.

Used Oil: Seventy-five percent of the facilities report recycling or reducing oil. A relatively small number report the method they use. Over half say they bum the oil onsite, another third recycle the oil offsite, and the remainder reduced their use of oil by various other methods.

Antifreeze: Fifty-three percent of the facilities report they recycle or reduce antifreeze. Most report the method they use. A little less than half recycle antifreeze offsite, fourteen percent recycle onsite, about twenty-four percent reuse the antifreeze, and the remainder reduce the amount of antifreeze they use.

Batteries: Seventy percent of facilities report they either recycle batteries or reduce their use. Of those reporting their methods, eighty-two percent recycle offsite and the remainder recycle but do not specify whether it is onsite of offsite. Six facilities report the weight of batteries recycled. The minimum weight recycled in 500 pounds annually, the maximum is 12,700 pounds annually, and the average is about 4700 pounds in a year.

Wastewater discharges: Twenty-six percent of the facilities report they recycle or reduce wastewater. About one third either filter, treat, or separate impurities from the water in some way, seventeen percent report they reuse the water, and eight percent reduce their use of water in some way.


Air Emissions: Twenty-four percent of the facilities report recycling or reduction of air emissions. Seventy five percent say they changed their processes, ten percent reclaimed the emissions, and the remainder used techniques unique to their facilities.

Other wastes: Six facilities report they recycle cardboard, 2 report recycling newspaper, and five report recycling wood, and 23 others report recycling a variety of other materials unique to their particular facility.


APPENDIX A: STATISTICAL RESULTS FOR SECTION A

TABLE A-1: Facilities Reporting Waste in Each Waste Category Number of Percent of Facilities Facilities

Waste Category Reporting Reporting Waste Waste

Adhesives 3 2.5% Aerosols 2 1.7% Antifreeze 8 6.6% Cleaners, Degreasers, Stoddards, Chlorinated Compounds 46 38.0% Construction Debris 4 3.3% Contaminated Soils, Cleanup Wastes, and Sludges 10 8.3% Corrosives including Batteries and Acids 25 20.7% Florescent Lighting Tubes 2 1.7% Freon 1 0.8% Heavy Metal 9 7.4% Methanol 4 3.3% Paints, Coatings, and Other Flammable Liquids 41 33.9% PCBs 2 1.7% Used Oil, Oily Rags, and Waste Fuels 29 24.0% Wastewater 8 6.6% Other 4 3.3%

Summaiy of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07/28/97 23

TABLE A-2: Facilities Reporting Wastes are Reduced or Recycled for each Waste Category in 1995

Number of Number of Number of Percent of Percent of Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities

Waste Category Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Waste is Waste is Waste is Waste is Waste is Created Recycled Reduced Recycled Reduced

Adhesives 3 0 3 0% 100% Aerosols 2 0 2 0% 100% Antifreeze 8 8 3 100% 38% Cleaners, Degreasers, Stoddards, Chlorinated Compounds 46 15 35 33% 70% Construction Debris 4 2 1 50% 25% Contaminated Soils, Cleanup Wastes, and Sludges 10 1 10 10% 91% Corrosives including Batteries and Acids 25 18 13 72% 45% Florescent Lighting Tubes 2 1 1 50% 50% Freon 1 1 1 100% 100% Heavy Metal 9 3 8 33% 89% Methanol 4 3 2 75% 50% Paints, Coatings, and Other Flammable Liquids 41 10 34 24% 83% PCBs 2 0 1 0% 50% Used Oil, Oily Rags, and Waste Fuels 29 13 19 45% 61% Wastewater 8 2 5 25% 63% Other 4 1 2 25% 50%

Note: Facilities may be counted more than once if they report more than one waste or if they report both recycling and reduction for the same waste.


TABLE A-3: Percent of Facilities Reporting Waste Reduction or Recycling Methods for Each Waste Category in 1995

Waste Category Number of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting

Changes in Substitution Equipment On-Site Off-Site Changed Other No Answer Operations/ of Non-Toxic Modifications Recycling Recycling Product or Methods Procedures Materials Service

Adhesives 3 33% 33% 0% 0% 0% 67% 33% 0%

Aerosols 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 50% 50% 0%

Antifreeze 8 25% 0% 0% 63% 25% 0% 0% 0%

Cleaners, Degreasers, Stoddards, 46 54% 35% 11% 24% 7% 7% 13% 7% Chlorinated Compounds Construction Debris 4 25% 0% 25% 25% 25% 0% 0% 0%

Contaminated Soils, Cleanup 10 60% 30% 0% 0% 10% 10% 10% 10% Wastes, and Sludges Corrosives including Batteries and 25 28% 4% 24% 4% 64% 0% 12% 0% Acids


TABLE A-3 CONTINUED : Percent of Facilities Reporting Waste Reduction or Recycling Methods for Each Waste Category in 1995

Waste Category Number of Percent of Percent of Percent of Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting

Changes in Substitution Equipment Operations/ of Non-Toxic Modifications Procedures Materials

Florescent Lighting Tubes 2 50% 0% 0%

Freon 1 100% 0% 0%

Heavy Metal 9 44% 11% 22%

Methanol 4 50% 25% 0%

Paints, Coatings, and Other 41 59% 22% 15% Flammable Liquids PCBs 2 100% 0% 0%

Used Oil, Oily Rags, and Waste 29 34% 7% 14% Fuels Wastewater 8 50% 0% 38%

Other 4 50% 25% 25%

Note: Facilities may be counted more than once if they report more than one waste or if they report more than one recycling or reduction method.

Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07 /28/97

Percent of Facilities Reporting On-Site

Recycling

0%

100%

0%

75%

22%

0%

28%

25%

25%

Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Off-Site Changed Other No Answer

Recycling Product or Methods Service

50% 0% 0% 0%

0% 0% 0% 0%

22% 0% 22% 0%

0% 0% 0% 0%

7% 5% 7% 2%

0% 0% 0% 0%

17% 3% 14% 7%

13% 0% 0% 13%

25% 25% 25% 0%

27

TABLE A-4: Facilities Reporting Each Waste Code Number of Percent of

Waste Code Name Waste Facilities Facilities Code Reporting Reporting

Number Waste Code Waste Code

Ignitable Waste D001 46 38.0% Corrosive Waste D002 24 19.8% Reactive Waste D003 4 3.3% Arsenic D004 3 2.5% Barium D005 2 1.7% Cadmium D006 14 11.6% Chromium D007 12 9.9% Lead D008 30 24.8% Mercury D009 7 5.8% Selenium D010 2 1.7% Silver D011 3 2.5% 2,4-D D016 1 0.8% Benzene D018 18 14.9% Carbon Tetracholride D019 1 0.8% Chloroform D022 4 3.3% p-Cresol D026 1 0.8% 1,4-Dicholorobenzene D027 1 0.8% Methyl Ethyl Ketone D035 13 10.7% T etrachloroethylene D039 6 5.0% Tricholoroethylene D040 2 1.7%


TABLE A-4 CONTINUED: Facilities Reporting Each Waste Code Number of Percent of

Waste Code Name Waste Facilities Facilities Code Reporting Reporting

Number Waste Code Waste Code Halogenated Degreasing Solvents F001 9 7.4% Spent Halogenated Solvents F002 14 11.6% Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, including Xylene and Acetone F003 17 14.0% Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, including Cresols and Cresylic Acid F004 15 12.4% Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, including Toluene and Methyl ethyl ketone FOOS 1 0.8% Heat Exchanger Bundle Cleaning Sludge KOSO 1 0.8% Arsenic Oxide P012 1 0.8% Acetone U002 1 0.8% Methane, dichloro U080 1 0.8% Mercury U151 1 0.8% Methenol (I) U154 2 1.7% 2- Butanone (l,T) U159 1 0.8% Ethene, tetrachloro- U210 1 0.8% Toluene U220 2 1.7% Ethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloro- U226 2 1.7% Benzene, Dimethyl-(1,T) U239 2 1.7% Washington Waste type CO2 WC02 1 0.8% Washington Waste type P01 WP01 1 0.8% Washington Waste type T01 WT01 1 0.8% Washington Waste type T02 WT02 4 3.3%

Note: Facilities may be counted more than once if they report more than once waste code


TABLE A-5: Facilities Reporting that Wastes are Recycled or Reduced for each Waste Code in 1995 Number of Number of Number of Percent of Percent of

Waste Code Name Waste Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Code Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting

Number Waste is Waste is Waste is Waste is Waste is Created Reduced Recycled Reduced Recycled

Ignitable Waste D001 46 38 18 83% 39% Corrosive Waste D002 24 17 11 71% 46% Reactive Waste D003 4 1 3 25% 75% Arsenic D004 3 3 0 100% 0% Barium D005 2 1 0 50% 0%

Cadmium D006 14 11 5 79% 36%1 Chromium D007 12 10 4 83% 33% Lead D008 30 23 14 77% 47% Mercury D009 7 4 3 57% 43% Selenium D010 2 2 0 100% 0% Silver D011 3 2 3 67% 100% 2,4-D D016 1 1 0 100% 0% Benzene D018 18 15 4 83% 22% Carbon Tetracholride D019 1 1 0 100% 0% Chloroform D022 4 3 1 75% 25% p-Cresol D026 1 1 0 100% 0% 1 ,4-Dicholorobenzene D027 1 1 0 100% 0% Methyl Ethyl Ketone D035 13 11 4 85% 31% Tetrachloroethylene D039 6 6 1 100% 17% Tricholoroethylene D040 2 2 1 100% 50%


TABLE A-5 CONTINUED: Facilities Reporting that Wastes are Recycled or Reduced for each Waste Code in 1995

Waste Code Name

Halogenated Degreasing Solvents Spent Halogenated Solvents Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents including Xylene and Acetone Spent Non_Halogenated Solvents including Cresols and Cresylic Acid Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents including Toluene and Methyl ehtyl ketone Heat Exchanger Bundle Cleaning Sludge Arsenic Oxide Acetone Methane, dichloro Mercury Methenol (I) 2- Butanone (l,T) Ethene, tetrachloro Toluene Ethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloro-Benzene, Dimethyl-(1,T) Washington Waste type CO2 Washington Waste type P01 Washington Waste type T01 Washington Waste type T02

Note Facilities may be counted more than once if they report more than one waste code and both recycling and reduction

Waste Code

Number

F001 F002 F003 F004

F005

K050 P012 U002 U080 U151 U154 U159 U210 U220 U226 U239 WC02 WP01 WT01 WT02

Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07/28/97

Number of Facilities Reporting Waste is Created

9 14 17 15

1

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 4

Number of Number of Percent of Percent of Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Waste is Waste is Waste is Waste is Reduced Recycled Reduced Recycled

7 1 78% 11% 12 4 86% 29% 14 4 82% 24% 12 5 80% 33%

1 0 100% 0%

1 0 100% 0% 1 0 100% 0% 0 0 0% 0% 0 1 0% 100% 0 1 0% 100% 1 1 50% 50% 1 0 100% 0% 1 0 100% 0% 1 1 50% 50% 2 0 100% 0% 1 1 50% 50% 0 0 0% 0% 1 0 100% 0% 0 0 0% 0% 4 0 100% 0%

31

i

TABLE A-6: Percent of Facilities Reporting Recycling or Reduction Method for each Waste Code

Waste Code Name Waste Code Number of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities

Number Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Waste Changes in Substitution Equipment On-Site Off-Site Changed Other

Created Operations/ of Non-Toxic Modifications Recycling Recycling Product or Methods Procedures Materials Service

Ignitable Waste D001 46 58.7% 26.1% 8.7% 28.3% 8.7% 4.3% 10.9% Corrosive Waste D002 24 45.8% 4.2% 25.0% 12.5% 33.3% 4.2% 16.7% Reactive Waste D003 4 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 25.0% Arsenic D004 3 66.7% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Barium D005 2 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Cadmium D006 14 57.1% 14.3% 21.4% 7.1% 28.6% 0.0% 14.3% Chromium D007 12 75.0% 16.7% 8.3% 16.7% 8.3% 0.0% 16.7% Lead D008 30 50.0% 23.3% 23.3% 10.0% 26.7% 6.7% 10.0% Mercury D009 7 42.9% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0% 42.9% 0.0% 14.3% Selenium D010 2 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Silver D011 3 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 0.0% 2,4-D D016 1 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Benzene D018 18 61.1% 16.7% 5.6% 22.2% 5.6% 5.6% 11.1% Carbon T etracholride D019 1 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Chloroform D022 4 25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% p-Cresol D026 1 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1 ,4-Dicholorobenzene D027 1 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Methyl Ethyl Ketone D035 13 61.5% 23.1% 23.1% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Tetrachloroethylene D039 6 50.0% 66.7% 16.7% 16.7% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% Tricholoroethylene D040 2 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%


TABLE A-6 CONTINUED: Percent of Facilities Reporting Recycling or Reduction Method for each Waste Code

Waste Code Name Waste Code Number of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities

Number Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Reporting Waste Changes in Substitution Equipment On-Site Off-Site Changed Other

Created Operations/ of Non-Toxic Modifications Recycling Recycling Product or Methods Procedures Materials Service

Halogenated Degreasing Solvents F001 9 44.4% 44.4% 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 22.2% 0.0% Spent Halogenated Solvents F002 14 64.3% 35.7% 14.3% 35.7% 0.0% 7.1% 7.1% Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, F003 17 70.6% 17.6% 11.8% 29.4% 5.9% 5.9% 5.9% including Xylene and Acetone Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, F004 15 66.7% 20.0% 13.3% 40.0% 6.7% 6.7% 6.7% including Cresols and Cresylic Acid Spent Non-Halogenated Solvents, FOOS 1 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% including Toluene and Methyl ethyl ketone Heat Exchanger Cleaning Sludge KOSO 1 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Arsenic Oxide P012 1 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Acetone U002 1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Methane, dichloro U080 1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Mercury U151 1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% Methenol (I) U154 2 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2- Butanone (l,T) U159 1 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Ethene, tetrachloro- U210 1 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Toluene U220 2 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% Ethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloro- U226 2 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Benzene, Dimethyl-(1,T) U239 2 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 0.0% 0.0% Washington Waste type CO2 WC02 1 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Washington Waste type P01 WP01 1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Washington Waste type T01 WT01 1 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%


APPENDIX B: Waste Categories, Waste Description and Waste Codes

Waste Categories Developed for Waste Descriptions Alternative Code Groupings this Report Reported by Facilites Reported by Facilities

that are included for each Reported Waste Description In each Category Code Code Code Code Code

One Two Three Four Five ADHESIVES WASTE ADHESIVES 0001 0009

AEROSOLS WASTE AEROSOLS 2.2 F001 F002

ANTIFREEZE ETHYLENE GLYCOL 0008

USED ANTIFREEZE 0008 0018 0039 F002 F005

CLEANERS, DEGREASERS, 111 TRICHLORETHANE U226 STODDARDS, CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS

111 TRICHLOROETHANE U226

F002

ARSENIC TRIOXIDE D004 P012

CARBURETOR CLEANER 0026 F002 F004

CAUSTIC 0002 CLEANER/DEGREASER CHLOROFORM LAB PACK 0022 U044

GEAR LUBRICANT 0039 0040 CONTAINING CHLORINATED SOLVENTS HAZARDOUS WASTE D035 F005 LIQUIDS-NOS METHYLENE CHLORIDE U080 F002

F002

NITRIC ACID D002 D006 D007 W/CONTAMINATED DEBRIS OLD CHEMICALS 0001

PARTS-CLEANING 0001 SOLVENT PARTS CLEANING D001 F001 D039 SOLVENT PARTS SOLVENT 0001 (CHEVRON 325) PERCHLOROETHYLENE F002

PETROLEUM DISTILLATE D001 0006 D008 SOLVENT


Waste Categories Developed for Waste Descriptions Alternative Code Groupings this Report Reported by Facilites Reported by Facilities -

that are included for each Reported Waste Description in each Category

Code Code Code Code Code One Two Three Four Five

SPENT SOLVENT 0001 0008

SPENT SOLVENT D001 D008 0018 D022 0035

SPENT SOLVENTS F001

SPENT STODDARD 0001

SPENT STODDARD 0001 SOLVENT SPENT TETRA 0039 U210 CHLOROETHYLENE SPENT TOLUENE 0001 F002 F005 WP01 WT02

STODDARD SOL VENT D001

SUNNY SOL AMMONIA 0002

TESORO 365 SOL VENT 0001 F001 F002 W/1, 1, 1,TRICHLOROETHAN E TRIBOL DEGREASER 0008

UNUSED CONTAMINATED 0002 ZEPRIDE SOLVENT USED METHYL ETHYL 0001 0006 0007 0008 0035 KETONE USED PD-680 SOLVENT 0001 0006 0008 0039 0040

USED STODDARD D001 0008 SOLVENT USED STODDARD 0001 SOLVENT WASTE CAUSTIC D002 SOLUTIONS WASTE OILY RAGS F001 F002 W/1, 1, 1,TRICHLOROETHAN E WASTE PHOTOGRAPHIC 0011 SOLUTIONS

CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS ACETONE/WATER 0001 F003 SOLUTION CONTAMINATED USED OIL 0006 0008 D016 TANK OBA CANNISTERS 0001 0005


Waste Categories Developed for Waste Descriptions Alternative Code Groupings this Report Reported by Facilites Reported by Facilities

that are included For each Reported Waste Description In each Category Code Code Code Code Code

One Two Three Four Five DESAL TER SLUDGE D018

INCINERATOR ASH D006 DOOB

K050 TOPPING PLANT K050 D001 D018 D007 SLUDGE SATURATED ?OL SOILS D018

SCALE/SLUDGE FROM D004 SULFINOL SYSTEM WASTE SLUDGE - HOT D007 DOOB WT02 TANK WASTEWATER D004 D005 D006 D007 DOOB TREATMENT SLUDGE/LIQUIDS

CORROSIVES INCLUDING AIDS-TO-NAVIGATION D002 DOOB BATTERIES AND ACIDS BATTERIES

AIDS-TO-NAVIGATION D002 DOOB BATTERIES AIDS-TO-NAVIGATION D002 DOOB BATTERIES BATTERIES DOOB D002

BATTERIES D003 D009 D011 D002 DOOB

BATTERIES, AIR- D002 D009 DEPOLARIZED BATTERIES, LEAD ACID D002 DOOB

BATTERIES, NICKEL- D002 D006 CADIUM BATTERIES/LEAD AND D002 D006 DOOB CADMIUM BATTERIES/WET & DRY D002 D006 D001 D003 D009 NICADS, MERCURY, LITHIUM CHROMIC ACID D007

CORROSIVE CLEANER D002 (UNUSED) CORROSIVES SOLIDS D006 DOOB D002

LEAD-ACID BATTERIES D002 D006 D007 DOOB

SPENT D007 MAGNESIUM/CARBON BATTERIES




One Two Three Four Five WASTE BATTERIES D002 D008 D009

WASTE CORROSIVES D002

WASTE LITHIUM D003 BATTERIES WET BATTERIES D002 D006

FREON FREON 113 F002

HEAVY METAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SOLID DOOB (NOS) {LEAD) LEAD CONTAMINATED D008 SOILS MERCURY D009

RAGS CONTAMINATED D011 W/SILVER SIL VER RECOVERY FROM D011 XRAY FLUIDS WASTE MERCURY D009 U151

METHANOL CHLOROFORM/METHANOL D022 U154

METHANOL D001 U154

METHANOL/WATER D001 F003 SOLUTION

PAINTS, COATINGS, AND CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS DOOB WT01 WC02 OTHER FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS WITH LEADED PAINT

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS -NOS D001

IGNITABLE SPENT D001 F001 F003 FOOS SOLVENTS IN USED OIL LACQUER THINNER D001 D007 D008

LEAD-BASED PAINT/PAINT DOOB D001 ADHESIVES OIL-BASED PAINT D001

OIL SOLUBLE FLAMMABLE D001 LIQUID PAINT D006 D007 D008 D035 F002 REMOVAUSTRIPPING PAINT SLOPS, THINNERS D001 DOOB




One Two Three Four Five PAINT SLOPS;PAINT- D001 RELATED MATERIALS

PAINT SOLVENT/THINNER F001 F002

PAINT SOLVENTS AND D001 D035 F003 FOOS ADHESIVES PAINT SOLVENTS, F003 FOOS THINNER PAINT W/BUTYL ACETATE D001

PAINT, SOLVENT, U002 LACQUER REMAINS/SLUDGE PAINTS AND RELATED D001 F003 D035 F003 FOOS MATERIALS PAINTS/PAINT SOLVENTS D001 D002 D007 D008 F003

SOL VENTS FROM D001 PRINTING TOLUENE D001

TOLUENE,METHYLETHYL D001 D03S KETONE UNUSABLE IGNITABLE D001 D018 D019 D027 D035 PAINTS UNUSED PAINT AND D001 F005 SPENT SOLVENT USED/EXCESS PAINT D001

WASTE D039 D001 D008 COMBUSTIBLE/FLAMMABL E/HAZARDOUS-NOS WASTE COMBUSTIBLES D001 (INK,OIL,PIGMENTS) WASTE FLAMMABLE D001 D018 LIQUID WASTE FLAMMABLE D001 D035 LIQUID (METHYL ETHYL KETONE) WASTE FLAMMABLE D001 LIQUIDS WASTE PAINT-RELATED D001 D008 D03S F003 F005 MATERIAL

Sumrna1y of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07/28/97 39



One Two Three Four Five WASTE PAINT-RELATED D001 D03S U1S9 U220 U239 MATERIALS

WASTE PAINT D001 D003 D008 F005

WASTE PAINT D001 D006 D007 D008 D018

WASTE PAINT AND D001 D03S F003 FOOS SOLVENTS WASTE PAINT MATERIALS D001 U239 D008 U220

WASTE PAINT RELATED D03S F002 F003 FOOS D001 MATERIALS WASTE THINNER D001 F003 FOOS D03S

WATER SOLUBLE D001 FLAMMABLE LIQUID YELLOW/WHITE TRAFFIC D001 D007 DOOB PAINT

PCBS PCB-CONTAMINATED B206 TRANSFORMERS

USED OIL, OILY RAGS, AND CONTAMINATED GASOLINE D001 D018 WASTE FUELS

CONTAMINATED D001 F003 FOOS RAGS/SORBENTS JET FUEL JP8 D018 WT02

JET FULEJP8 D018 WT02

NONEXEMPT BENZENE D018 RAGS PAPER TOWELS W/OIL AND D018 F003 FOOS GREASE PAPER TOWELS W/OIL AND D001 D018 GREASE RAGS W/LISTED F002 F003 SOLVENTS USED ENGINE OIL D001

WASTE ABSORBENT PADS D006 D018

WASTE GAS AND OIL D018 D001

WASTE GASOLINE D001 D008 D018

WASTE OIL F001




One Two Three Four Five

WASTE OIL 8206

WEAPONS CLEANING D039 RAGS/PATCHES

WASTEWATER CONTACT WASTEWATER D018

WASH WATER D018 W/HYDROCARBON RESIDUE WASTEWATER M136

WATER WITH BENZENE 0018

HAZARDOUS WASTE D00B LIQUID OXAZOLIDONE 0004

PIPE COMPOUND D00B

PIPE COMPOUND 0008

PIPE THREAD D00B PROTECTORS POISONOUS SOLID D001 (RODENT POISON) POUR-POINT DEPRESSANT D001

SODIUM DICHROMATE, 0002 D001 0007 SULFURIC ACID SPENT SULFOLANE D018

WASTE CAUSTIC LIQUID D002

WASTE CORROSIVE 0002 LIQUID

OTHER OXAZOLIDONE D004

POISONOUS SOLID D001 (RODENT POISON) POUR-POINT DEPRESSANT D001

SPENT SULFOLANE D018


ENDNOTES

1 From Compliance Assistance Office, Division of Statewide Public Service, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, "Alaska Hazardous Waste Generator Handbook," 10/15/96

2 From Compliance Assistance Office, Division of Statewide Public Service, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, "Alaska Hazardous Waste Generator Handbook," 10/15/96

3 The other eleven waste categories had fewer than ten facilities reporting wastes.

4 The other thirty waste codes were reported by fewer than ten facilities.

5 The EPA guidelines are from Compliance Assistance Office, Division of Statewide Public Service, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, "Alaska Hazardous Waste Generator Handbook," 10/15/96


Documents

A Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention ... · Summary of Selected Commercial Pollution Prevention Efforts, UAA-ISER-07/28/97 7 . These methods reduce the amount of