A Student’s Book English1 - WordPress.com · Unit 2 The Incredible Dolphin 6 Unit 3 The Hottest Chili in The World 10 Unit 4 Travel and Adventure 14 Unit 5 Famous Places: Vanuatu

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Mataram University

UPT. TAHUN PERTAMA BERSAMA (TPB)

A Student’s Book

Compiled by:Lalu Jaswadi Putera, M.Pd.

Editor:Dr. Muhammad Amin, M.Tesol.

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Mataram University


A Student’s Book




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Mataram University


A Student’s Book




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AA SSttuuddeenntt’’ss BBooookk

English 1

Compiled by:Lalu Jaswadi Putera, MPd.

Editor:

Dr. Muhammad Amin, M.Tesol.

UPT. TAHUN PERTAMA BERSAMA2017

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List of ContentsUnit 1 The Nature's Classroom 1

Unit 2 The Incredible Dolphin 6

Unit 3 The Hottest Chili in The World 10

Unit 4 Travel and Adventure 14

Unit 5 Famous Places: Vanuatu 18

Unit 6 City Life 22

UTS

Unit 7 Prehistoric Timeline: Dinosaurs 26

Unit 8 A Penguin's Year 30

Unit 9 Life Beyond Earth 36

Unit 10 The Silk Story 41

Unit 11 History and Legends 46

Unit 12 Mystery on Top of the Everest 50

Unit 13 The Lost Treasure of the Inca 55

UAS

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1. THE NATURE’S CLASSROOM

1. WARM UPDiscuss these questions with a partner.

1. What do you think is the most important skill you learn in school?2. What are schools like in your country/place? How are they different

from schools in other countries/places?3. If you could create your dream school, what would it be like?

2. PRE-READING

A. Labeling. Read the information and label the animals pictured above (1-3).

Kruger National Park is one of the oldest and largest parks in Africa. It wasfirst set up in 1898 to control hunting and to protect the wildlife living there.Today, it is home to an incredible variety of species, including more than500 types of birds and about 150 different types of mammals. Among theseare deer-like (1) antelope (like the steenbok and impala), (2) hyena, and awild pig known as a (4) warthog.

B. Skim for main idea. Look at the photos of Southern Cross School on thenext page, and quickly skim the reading. What is unusual about thisschool? Read the passage again to check your ideas.

Learning Objectives:After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:

1. know the words in the reading passage related to education2. correctly use the words in context3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main

idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then

retell or paraphrase.

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Look around your classroom. Do you see students sittingat desks? Are teachers writing on a board and givinglectures? At Southern Cross School, near the famousKruger National Park in South Africa, things are different.Here, nature is the classroom.

Both the park and the school are home to wild animalssuch as giraffes, impalas, and warthogs. Students at theschool study the same subjects as other students in SouthAfrica. But at Southern Cross, the staff and studentsgo out into the wild to learn.

In one lesson, students apply the principles ofmathematics to study of local wildlife. Younger studentscount how many kinds of animals drank at the nearbywater troughs during the night. Older students measurethe amount of water the animals drank, and calculate howmuch water the animals will need over weeks or months.

In language classes, a common topic is conservation. Inone recent debate, students discussed an importantquestion: should people give water to the wild animalsduring a drought? Another project might consist offinding out how an animal died.

The director of the school is Ant de Boer. His aim is forstudents to learn the importance of caring for theenvironment. De Boer says, “When they leave school, wewant them to be champions of the natural environment.”As the school motto says, Southern Cross aims to be a“School for the Planet.”

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3. READING COMPREHENSION

A. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Southern Cross is a special kind of school because its students ___________.a. don’t study normal school subjectsb. listen to a lot of lectures and about naturec. use nature to study scool subjectsd. take care of animals in their classroom

2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to go out into the wild (line 10)?a. go camping c. go awayb. go outdoors d. go to school

3. What is the purpose of the third paragraph (line 11-16)?a. to give examples of how Southern Cross students study mathematicsb. to describe the various subjects that students study at Southern Crossc. to explain how much water Southern African animals drinkd. to show why it’s important to learn about mathematics

4. Which of these is a kind of wildlife (line 12)?a. students c. animalsb. mathematics d. troughs

5. Which type of lesson goal is NOT mentioned?a. measuring how much water animals drinkb. learning how many animals diedc. talking about a conservation topicd. calculating how many animals there are in the park

6. What does the word “them” refer to (line 25)?a. the studentsb. the animalsc. the schoold. the environment

B. Matching. Match the ending of each sentence (a-e) to its beginning.

1. Southern Cross is close to ________2. Southern Cross is different from most schools ________3. To learn mathematics, student at Southern Cross ________4. To improve their language skills, students at Southern Cross ________5. The Southern Cross School wants students to ________

a. might have a debate about conservation.b. take care of the environment after they leave.c. Kruger National Park in South Africa.d. might count how many animals drank at the troughs.e. because students often have lessons in the wild.

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C. Summarizing Main Ideas. Write the stated main idea for each paragraph.

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

Paragraph 5

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Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

Paragraph 5

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Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

Paragraph 5

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D. True or False. Read the sentences below, and decide whether eachstatement is true (T) or false (F).

1. The Southern Cross School is close to the famous Kruger National Park2. The Kruger National Park is NOT located in South Africa.3. The classroom in Southern Cross School is nature.4. The park is home to wild animals, but the school is NOT.5. Students study subjects which are NOT different from the other students

in South Africa.6. The students do NOT need to study mathematics.7. In language classes, a common topic is on how to protect the wildlife.8. The school director says that he wants the students to win sports

championship.

_________________________

_______________

4. VOCABULARY PRACTICEA. Completion. Complete the information using words

from the box. One word is extra.

B. Definitions. Use the words in the box in A to complete the definitions.

1. If you _________________ something, you use it in an activity.2. A(n) _________________ is a belief about the way you should act.3. A(n) _________________ is a study or piece of research.4. The _________________ of something is your purpose for doing it.5. The _________________ of an organization is all the people who work for it.

aim boards lectures principle staffapply local consists project topics

Utah in the United States is famous for its beautiful desertand national parks – and an unusual school calledBoulder Outdoor Survival School (BOSS). The teaching(1)____________ at BOSS follow an unusual(2)____________: “know more, carry less.” Their(3)____________ is to teach people to survive in wildareas with no camping equipment. Teachers don’t give(4)____________ on math or science, nor do they teachstudents by writing on (5)____________. Instead, BOSSbrings students outside, where they learn about(6)____________ like making fires, finding water in thedesert, and learning about (7)____________ plants.Students then (8)____________ the lessons they havelearned during 30-mile (48-km) hikes. A student’s finalexam (9)____________ of going into the desert alone forthree days with only a few simple tools. Even though it’sdifficult, students say it’s an incredible and valuableexperience.

Many movies have been filmed in Utah’sfamous rocky desert.

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championship.

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championship.

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2. ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE


1. What can humans do that animals can’t?2. What can some animals do that humans can’t?3. Do you think that there are some animals that are more

intelligent than humans?4. What is your favorite animal? Why?

2. PRE-READING

A. True or False. Read the sentences below, andcircle T (True) or F (False). Then check youranswers.

Fast Facts: The Bottlenose Dolphins

1. Dolphins are mammals (like cats, horses, and humans),not fish.

2. A dolphin’s brain is bigger than a human’s.3. Dolphins communicate with each other using clicking and

whistling sounds.4. As adults, dolphins live by themselves.

T FT FT F

T F

B. Skim for main idea. On the next page, look at the title, headings, photos,and captions. What is the reading mainly about? Circle a, b, or c. The readthe passage to check your answer.a. types of dolphins b. things dolphins do c. what dolphins eat

Learning Objectives:

After completing this unit, students are expected to be able to:

1. know the words in the reading passage related to animal and human’s intelligence2. correctly use the words in context3. correctly answer different types of questions related to the topic in the reading (main

idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and then retell or

paraphrase.

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2. PRE-READING






T FT FT F

T F






paraphrase.

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2. PRE-READING






T FT FT F

T F






paraphrase.

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Many people say dolphins are very intelligent. Theyseem to be able to think, understand, and learn thingsquickly. But are they smart like humans or more like catsor dogs? Dolphins use their brains differently from people.But scientists say dolphin intelligence and humanintelligence are alike in some ways. How?

FACT 1: Talk to MeLike humans, every dolphin has its own “name”. Thename is a special whistle. Each dolphin chooses aspecific whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday.Actually, scientists think dolphins, like people, “talk” toeach other about a lot of things, such as their age, theirfeelings, or finding food. And, like humans, dolphins use asystem of sounds and body language to communicate.But understanding their conversations is not easy forhumans. No one “speaks dolphin” yet, but some scientistsare trying to learn.

FACT 2: Let’s PlayDolphins are also social animals. They live in groupscalled pods, and they often join others from different podsto play games and have fun—just like people. In fact,playing together is something only intelligent animals do.

FACT 3: Fishermen’s HelpersDolphins and humans are similar in another way: bothmake plans to get something they want. In the seas ofsouthern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an interestingstrategy to get food. When fish are near a boat, dolphinssignal1 to the fishermen to put their nets in the water.Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. Whatis the advantage for the dolphins? Why do they assistthe men? The dolphins get to eat some of the fish. Theydo that because they have to eat their weight every day.

1 If you signal someone, you make a gesture or sound to tell them something.

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1. What is the main idea of the reading?a. Dolphins are very intelligent animals.b. There are many different types of dolphins.c. Some dolphins are more intelligent that humans.d. Dolphins are humans’ favorite animals.

2. Which sentence about dolphin language is TRUE?a. A dolphin gets its name from its mother.b. Dolphins use language to talk about many things.c. Dolphins whistle, but they don’t use body language.d. Dolphin conversation is easy to understand.

3. Why do dolphins sometimes help fishermen?a. Dolphins are kind animals.b. So dolphins can get food.c. The dolphins know the men are hungry.d. The fishermen ask the dolphins for help.

4. In line 19, what does the word others mean?a. pods b. fishermen c. dolphins d. games

5. In the sentence The dolphins get to eat some of the fish (line 30), whatdoes the word get to mean?a. are able to b. have to c. should d. want to

6. What does the sentence they have to eat their weight mean (line 31)?a. The dolphins must eat themselvesb. The dolphins must weigh themselvesc. The dolphins must eat to fit their weight.d. The dolphins must

B. Classification. How are dolphins and humans different? How are they thesame? Write the answers (a—h) in the table.

Humans Dolphins a. play games in groupsb. have their own namesc. use spoken words to

communicated. plan ways to do somethinge. catch fish for foodf. communicate their feelings to

each otherg. choose their own namesh. use sounds and body language to

talk

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4. VOCABULARY PRACTICE

A. Completion. Complete the information with thewords from the box. One word is extra.

The orangutan is known for its red hair and longarms. But did you know that the orangutan is alsoa very 1._____________ animal? For example,orangutans use a(n) 2.______________ to staydry when it rains: they take leaves from the treesand use them like an umbrella! These animalsdon’t have a complex language 3._____________like humans do. But today, some orangutans arelearning basic sign language. Maybe, in thefuture, we will be able to have a simple4.______________ with them.

B. Matching. Read the information below and matcheach word in bold with a definition.

In some ways, animal and human intelligence arealike (1). But just how smart (2) are someanimals? Scientists in Japan wanted to studymemory in humans and chimps. They used thismethod (3): they showed a group of collegestudents and five-year-old chimps the numbers 1to 9 in different places on a computer screen, butonly for a short while. The test was to rememberthe specific (4) position of the numbers in thecorrect order. Every time, the chimps was fasterthan the students. Why? Did someone assist (5)the chimps? No, but the animals probably had animportant advantage (6): they are young. As bothhumans and animals get older, memory getsworse. The chimps also had another advantage:humans seem to use more of their brain forlanguage and less for memory.

1. a way of doing something: __________________2. help: __________________3. similar: __________________4. something that helps you succeed: __________________5. exact: __________________6. intelligent: __________________

alike conversation intelligentstrategy system

Did You Know?Today, many trees in Sumatra andBorneo are being cut down, and

orangutans are in danger of dyingout completely.

Georgia, a chimp,is very intelligent

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3. THE HOTTEST CHILI IN THE WORLD


1. What food is your country famous for?2. Are there any foods from other countries that are popular in your own

country?3. What is the hottest (spiciest) food you’ve ever eaten?


1. know the words in the reading passage related to food and agriculture2. correctly use the words in context3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main

idea, detail, reference, inference, and vocabulary questions)4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and

then retell or paraphrase.

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2. PRE-READINGA. True of False. What do you know about chili peppers? Read the information above

and answer true (T) or false (F).

1. The Dorset naga is the world’s hottest chili. T F2. The Scoville is a type of chili peppers. T F3. Jalapeno peppers are hotter than Scotch bonnets T F4. Sweet bell peppers have a very low heat level T F5. The Thai is hotter than the Tabasco. T F

B. Scanning. Quickly scan the passage. What is the name of the world’s spiciestchili pepper?

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You may have experienced the feeling – your mouth feelslike it is on fire and the heat causes your eyes to water.You’ve just eaten one of the nature’s spiciest foods—thechili peppers!

Chili peppers, also called chilies, are found in variousdishes around the world—from Indian curries to Thai tomyum soup to Mexican enchiladas. Chilies come from thecapsicum plant, and they are “hot” because they contain aningredient called capsaicin.

Eating a hot chili can be painful, but the capsaicin may begood for your health. It opens your nose so you canbreathe better. It may even be good for losing weight:capsaicin makes you feel less hungry and makes your bodyuse more calories.

We can measure the capsaicin in chilies with Scoville heatunits (SHU). A fairly spicy green pepper has about 1,500units. The world’s hottest chili, the Naga Jolokia (“GhostPepper”), has more than a million!

The Naga Jolokia is produced in the Assam region of India.Recently, Anandita Dutta Tamuly, a 26-year-old motherfrom Assam, broke a world record by eating 51 of these hotpeppers—in just two minutes!

“I found eating chilies was a great way to stay healthy,”says Tamuly, who began eating chilies when she was achild. “Every time I have a cold or flu I just munch on somechilies and I feel better. To be honest, I barely notice themnow.”

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3. READING COMPREHENSIONA. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the reading mainly about?a. how to measure the capsaicin in chilies.b. dishes that are made with chiliesc. interesting facts about chiliesd. weight loss and chilies

2. In line 2, what does the word it refer to?a. the feelingb. your mouthc. the chili pepperd. the heat

3. How many SHU are the Naga Jolokia chili?a. just over 50b. between 1,000 and 2,000c. a little less than 1,000,000d. over 1,000,000

4. In lines 21-22, someone has a world record if they _______.a. eat more naga jolokia chilies than anyone elseb. make a recording of someone eating Naga Jolokia chiliesc. eat two or more Naga Jolokia chilies very quicklyd. make the best-tasting dish using Naga Jolokia chilies

5. In lines 26-27, the phrase I barely notice them now could be replaced by______________.a. I really feel the heat of the chilies nowb. I sometimes forget to eat chilies nowc. I usually don’t eat hot chilies nowd. I almost don’t feel the heat of the chilies now

B. True or False. According to the passage, are thesentences below true or false? Circle true (T),false (F), or not given in the passage (NG).

1. Capsaicin helps you breathe better. T F NG2. Capsaicin makes you feel happier. T F NG3. Capsaicin makes you feel hungrier. T F NG4. Capsaicin helps you fall asleep at night. T F NG5. Capsaicin makes chili peppers “hot”. T F NG

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A. Matching. Read the informationbelow and match each word in boldwith the definition.

Most of us have experienced the taste ofsugar, but how many of us know where itcomes from? The man in the picture isstanding in front of a field of sugarcane,a plant which produces sugar. It onlygrows in hot countries like Brazil becauseit needs lots of water and sunlight. After they collect theplants, workers in factories break the long stalks to getthe sweet juice out. Then they cook the juice in big pots.This causes the sugar to come out of the juice.

1. to cut into two or more pieces ________________2. to make something happen ________________3. to sense, feel, or be affected by (something) ________________4. to create or make (something) ________________5. a living thing that is green and grows in the ground ________________

B. Completion. Complete the information using words from the box. One word is extra.

Chocolate comes from a 1._________________ called thecacao tree. The tree grows mainly in Africa and LatinAmerica. Cacao trees have fruit with beans inside. Workerspick the fruit and take the beans out to be dried, cooked,and turned into chocolate.

People from Switzerland eat the most chocolate in theworld. In a 2._________________ year, people inSwiterland ate about 10 kilograms (22 pounds) per person!

In some ways, eating sweet foods like chocolate can begood for your 3._________________. But eating too manysweet products can cause problems. Sugar and chocolatehave a lot of food energy. We can 4._________________this energy in 5._________________ called calories. If youwant to 6._________________ fit, you need to be carefulabout how many calories you take in each day.

health plant recent measureproduce stay units

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4. TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE


1. When you travel, what kinds of activities do you like to do?2. What places in the world would you most like to visit? Why?3. What is the most adventurous thing that you’ve ever done?

2. PRE-READINGA. Completion. Look at the photos and read about each place. Then complete each

description with a word from the box.

B. Scanning. You are going to read about friends’ travel adventure. Quickly scan thereading to answer the questions below. Then read again to check your answer.1. Where did they start and end their trip? How did they travel?2. How many kilometers (or miles) did they travel?

Learning Objectives:After completing this unit students are expected to be able to:

1. know the words in the reading passage related to travel and adventure2. correctly use the words in context3. correctly answer different types of questions on the reading passage (main

idea, purpose, vocabulary, detail, reference, inference, and paraphrasequestions)

4. summarize the main idea in each paragraph of the reading passage and thenretell or paraphrase.

MOUNTAIN ColombiaTravel along Colombia’s “coffee highway” and________ through beautiful mountain villages

in the Andes.

DESERT MongoliaTravel through its wide-open desert. Bring a tentand ________ outdoors under the sky at night.

It’s an amazing experience.

FOREST SenegalTake a riverboat ________ and see this

country’s natural wonders, like mangrove forestsfull of animal life.

BEACH AlbaniaVisit the country’s beautiful coastal towns. Walk

along white-sand beaches, and ________ inthe blue waters of the Ionian Sea.

camp cruise hike swim

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in the Andes.








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in the Andes.








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3.

3. READING COMPREHENSIONDiscuss these questions with a partner.

4. VOCABULARY PRACTICEDiscuss these questions with a partner.

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Many people dream of going on a great traveladventure. Most of us keep dreaming; others make ithappen.

Gregg Bleakney’s dream was to travel the Americas fromtop to bottom. He got the idea after he finished a 1,600kilometer (1,000) bike ride. Gregg’s friend, Brooks Allen,was also a cyclist. The two friends talked and slowlyformed a plan: they would travel from Alaska toArgentina—by bike.

To pay for the trip, Gregg and Brooks worked and savedtheir money for years. Once they were on the road, theyoften camped outdoors or stayed in hostels. In manyplaces, local people opened their homes to the twofriends and gave them food.

During the trip, Gregg and Brooks cycled through thedeserts, rainforests, and mountains. They visited moderncities and ancient ruins such as Machu Picchu in Peru.And everywhere they went, they met other cyclists fromall over the world.

In May 2007—two years, twelve countries, and over30,500 km (19,000 miles) later—Gregg eventuallyreached Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost city in theworld. (Near Guatemala, Brooks had to return to the U.S.,and Gregg continued without him.)

The trip taught both men a lot about traveling, especiallyif you travel abroad. What did they learn? Here is someof Gregg’s advice:

1. Travel light. The less baggage you have, the lessyou’ll worry about.

2. Be flexible. Don’t plan everything. Then you’ll bemore relaxed and happy, especially if there areproblems.

3. Be polite. As one traveler told Gregg, “Alwaysremember that nobody wants to fight, cheat, orrob a nice guy.

Gregg and Brooks (right cycle pastruins in Tikal National Park, Guatemala.

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1. Another title for this reading could be ______________.a. Cycling the Americas from Top to Bottom.b. The Southernmost City in the World.c. Things to See and Do in Alaska and Argentina.d. Argentina: The Land of Adventure.

2. Which sentence about Gregg and Brooks’ trip is NOT true?a. To pay for the trip, they saved their money and traveled cheaply on

the road.b. Only Gregg made the complete trip from Alaska to Argentina.c. During their trip, they met people from all over the world.d. In Guatemala, Gregg got sick and went back to the USA.

3. What does the word them refer to in line 14?a. The local people c. other cyclistsb. Gregg and Brooks d. their friends

4. Which of these words or phrases is most similar in meaning to flexiblein line 30?a. able to change easily c. well-plannedb. careful d. difficult

5. Which statement would Gregg most likely agree with?a. In other countries, only stay in hotels or with people you know.b. Plan every part of your trip so you can relax.c. When abroad, learn how to say “thank you” in the local language.d. Bring a lot with you on your trip so you don’t have to buy anything.

B. Sequencing. Put the events below in order from 1—6. Then retell thisstory to a partner._______ Gregg and Brooks start their trip in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska._______ Gregg reaches Ushuaia, Argentina._______ Gregg goes on a 1,000-mile bike ride._______ Brooks returns to the USA. Gregg continues without him._______ Gregg and Brooks work to save money._______ Gregg and his friend Brooks talk about biking from Alaska to

Argentina.

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5. FAMOUS PLACES

1. WARM UP


1. know the words in the reading passage related to travel destinations2. correctly use the words in context3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main



Tonga has great waves, and (a) surfing ispopular here.

Vanuatu has some of the best sea (b)kayaking in the world.

In New Zealand—“The Adventure Capital ofthe World”—you can do everything from (c)bungee jumping to (d) snorkeling with thefish.

A. MatchingLook at the map and read the information.1. Which countries are described? Find and

circle them on the map.2. Match the words in bold (a—d) with the sport

pictures.

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B. Skim for the Main Idea. Look quickly at the title, headings, photos, and captions.Which word best describes the activities on Vanuatu? Circle a, b, or c. Then readthe passage to check your answer.

a. expensive b. dangerous c. relaxing

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Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is alsoone of the smallest countries in the world. But for thoseinterested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do.Some of the best snorkeling and sea kayaking can befound here. Vanuatu’s islands also offer visitors two of themost exciting—and dangerous—activities in the world:volcano surfing and land diving.

Volcano SurfingOn Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters (1,000feet) into the sky. Yasur is an active volcano, and it eruptsalmost every day, sometimes several times a day. Forcenturies, both island locals and visitors have climbedthis mountain to visit the top. Recently, people have alsostarted climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways,volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other waysit’s very different. A volcano surfer’s goal is to escape theerupting volcano—without getting hit by flying rocks. It’sfast, fun, and dangerous—the perfect extreme sport.

Land DivingMost people are familiar with bungee jumping, but didyou know bungee jumping started on Pantecost Island inVanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The originalactivity, called land diving, is part of a religiousceremony. A man ties tree vines to his legs. He thenjumps head first from a high tower. The goal: to touchthe earth with the top of his head—without breaking thevine and hitting the ground hard. Every spring, islandnatives (men only) still perform this amazing test ofstrength.

A man jumps from atower on Pantecost Island

Yasur Volcano, TannaIsland, Vanuatu

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A. Multiple choice. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the purpose of this reading?a. to encourage people not to do dangerous sportb. to explain what volcano surfing and land diving arec. to talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land diverd. to compare activities in Vanuatu with sport in New Zealand

2. Which sentence about Mount Yasur is TRUE?a. It is no longer activeb. It gets a lot of snowc. People have been climbing it for a long timed. It’s on Pentecost Island

3. Land diving _______________________.a. was first called “bungee jumping”b. came to Vanuatu from another countryc. is less popular today than in the pastd. is a traditional activity in Vanuatu

4. In line 2, what does those refer to?a. people c. activitiesb. countries d. island

5. In line 26, what does the earth mean?a. the people c. the towerb. the ground d. the world

B. Classification. Match each answer (a—g) with the activityit describes.

a. is only done by menb. is a new sportc. is dangerous because of flying

rocksd. is a very old activitye. was first done on Pentecost

Islandf. is similar to a popular water

sportg. is a very fast activity

Tanna women paint theirfaces and dress inspecial clothes for aceremony.

Volcano Surfing Land Diving

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A. Completion. Complete the information with the correct form of words from the box.One word is extra.

The Festival of san FerminWhere: the city of Pamplona in northern SpainWhen: early July, for nine daysWhat happens: Every day, there are special events:music, dances, and 1._____________ ceremonies. But,the part of the festival that most people are2.____________ with is “the running of the bulls.”Every morning, a group of bulls runs down a city street.Hundreds of people run in front of the animals. Runnerswear white; they also 3.___________ a red scarfaround their bodies. They run lasts three minutes. Arunner’s 4.___________ is to 5.____________ fromthe bulls without falling or getting 6.___________ bythem. Running with the bulls started in Spain in the13th 7.___________, and is still very popular today,Pamplona 8.___________ and visitors from all over theworld join in. The run is very dangerous. So why dopeople do it? For some runners, it is a test of9.___________. For others, the run makes them feelalive.

B. Definitions. Use the words in the box in A to complete the definitions.1. A(n) _________________ is 100 years.2. If you _________________ from something, you run away from it.3. A(n) _________________ is an aim or something you are trying to do.4. A(n) _________________ of somewhere is from that place.5. If you touch someone of something very hard, you _________________ them.6. If you are _________________ with something, you know or understand it well.7. If you _________________ two things together, you bring them together, you bring

them together with a knot.

century extreme goal native strengthescape familiar hit religious tie

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6. CITY LIFE


1. Why do people live in cities?2. What are some of the world’s most important cities?3. In your opinion, which is the best city in your country to live in? which

is the worst city to live in? Why?


1. know the words in the reading passage related to urban life2. correctly use the words in context3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main



In 2015, there will be 21cities that with apopulation of ten millionor more.

In 1950, only one city in the world had more than ten million people – New York. By the year 2030, 60 percent of the world’s population will live in cities. Many residents of large urban areas will face problems with housing, pollution (for

example, of the air and water), and crime.

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6. CITY LIFE











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6. CITY LIFE











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2. PRE-READING

A. Discussion. Study the map and the information. Then answer the questions below.1. What was the first city to have a population of more than ten million?2. In 2015, how many cities will have ten million people or more?3. Where will most of these cities be? What will be three of the largest cities?4. What issues will people in these large cities face?

B. Predict. What can we do about the problems of city life? List two ideas. Thenread the passage. Are any of your ideas mentioned?

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high housing costs, pollution, and crime (to name a few).What are some urban planners doing to fix these problemsand improve people’s lives?

Hyderabad, India (Population: More Than 5 Million)To improve residents’ lives, Hyderabad is planting trees andparks. The city is even creating “greener” buildings that useless water and less electricity for power. Adding green to acity has a number of advantages. For example, trees removepollution from the air and make it cleaner. In Hyderabad,streets were gray and ugly a few years ago. Today, they arefilled with trees and flowers, making the city cleaner and morecolorful. Green areas also give people places to relax orexercise and walk. A study in the US showed something elseinteresting: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crimethere is against people and property—especially buildingsand cars.

Sao Paulo, Brazil (Population: More Than 18 Million)Many people work in the center of Sao Paulo, but they don’tlive there. They’ve spread out to neighborhoods outside thecity, where housing is cheaper. Every day, these people travelinto the city, and traffic is very heavy. Urban planners areusing different strategies to address this issue. First, they arebuilding better subways. Another goal is to make it cheaperfor people to live in the downtown area. Doing this will shortenthe distance people travel for work and reduce traffic andpollution in the city.

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Worldwide, citiesgain a millionpeople a week. Thiskind of growthbrings problems,and today many ofthe world’s largestcities face similarchallenges: Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Worldwide, cities grow by a millionpeople a week.

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1. What is the main purpose of this passage?a. to show how two cities are improving people’s livesb. to describe the benefits of smaller citiesc. to explain why more people are moving into citiesd. to describe the life an urban planner

2. Which reason for making a city greener is NOT stated in the passage?a. It makes a city cleanerb. It helps people work betterc. It lowers crime ratesd. It makes it easier to exercise

3. In line 14, what does the word greener mean?a. more brightly coloredb. better for the environmentc. tallerd. more full of trees

4. According to the passage, what problem does Sao Paulo have?a. a lot of people don’t have jobs.b. too many people live in the city centerc. a lot of people are moving out of the city.d. too many people drive into the city every day.

5. In line 27, what does the word there refer to?a. Brazil c. In a cityb. Outside Sao Paulo d. Central Sao Paulo

B. Classification. Match each answer (a—f) with the place it describes.

a. is finding ways for peopleto live near theirworkplace

b. is adding trees and parksto the city

c. has less than ten millionresidents

d. is trying to reducepollution

e. is making buildings thatuse less energy

f. is improving publictransportation

Hyderabad Sao Paulo

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A. Completion. Complete the information with the correct form from the box.One word is extra.

challenge colorful exercisegrowth property traffic

Golden Gate Park, in San Francisco, California, is oneof the largest urban parks in the United States. Today,over one million 1._____________ flowers, trees, andother plants 2._____________ in the park. But originally,most of the park was covered in sand. Creating a park inthis environment was a big 3. ____________, but after alot of work, the park was established in the 1870s.Today, Golden Gate park is home to the oldest publicJapanese garden in the USA, as well as a number of artand science museums. People also visit the park torelax or 4. ____________. There are places to playbasketball, soccer, golf, and many other sports. Thepark is also closed in many places to5.______________ so people can walk, cycle, or skatefreely.

B. Words in Context. Complete each sentence with thebest answer.

1. If you fix something, you ______________.a. make it work again b. break it

2. If something is ugly, it ____________ nice to look at.a. is b. is not

3. If a city experiences growth, its population____________.a. goes up b. goes down

4. Without electricity, the _____________ in your house will not work.a. lights b. water

5. If your remove a table from, you ____________ the room.a. bring in to b. take it out of

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7. PREHISTORIC TIMELINE

1. WARM UPDiscuss these questions with a partner.1. What do you know about dinosaurs?2. Have you ever seen a movie about dinosaurs? Describe it?3. Why do you think people are interested in dinosaurs?

2. PRE-READING


1. know the words in the reading passage related to geology2. correctly use the words in context3. correctly answer different types of questions in the reading passage (main



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2. PRE-READING





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2. PRE-READING





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A. Discussion. Read the timeline, paying attention to the timeline words. Then answer thequestions below.

1. What kind of animals were dinosaurs?2. When did dinosaurs die out completely?3. What is a paleontologist?4. What does a predator eat?

B. Predict. Read the four questions in the paragraph headings on the reading and answer Yesor No. Then read the passage to check your answers.

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You learned about dinosaurs in school. Maybe you have seenthem in a museum. But how much do you really know aboutthese animals?

Were dinosaurs just big reptiles?For years, scientists thought dinosaurs were big, dumb, andcold-blooded—in other words, just giant reptiles. Somedinosaurs were huge. But many were about the size of modern-day bird or dogs. Were dinosaurs warm- or cold-blooded?Paleontologists are not sure. But they believe some wereintelligent. Of course, no dinosaurs was as smart as a human oreven a monkey. However, some smaller dinosaurs—like thetwo-meter (six-foot) Troodon—had fairly large brains.

Was Tyrannosaurus Rex a powerful predator?Some scientists think the opposite is true. In the movies, T.rexis often a speedy giant, but in fact, this dinosaur could not runvery fast. Physically, it was too large. In reality, T.rex probablymoved as fast as an elephant. Also, T.rex had very small arms.Without strong legs or arms, this dinosaur probably was not apowerful hunter. It may have been scavenger instead, onlyeating animals that were already dead.

Did an asteroid kill the dinosaurs?An asteroid hit Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula about 65 millionyears ago. It created a 180-kilometer (110-mile) wide cratercalled Chicxulub. Many believe this asteroid caused theextinction of the dinosaurs. But even before this, dinosaurswere already dying out around the world, for many reasons. Atthe end of the Cretaceous period, for example, the globalclimate was changing: the Earth’s temperature was gettingcolder.

Are all dinosaurs now extinct?Dinosaurs completely disappeared about 65 million years ago.However, scientists believe modern-day birds are descendantsof certain dinosaurs. If this is true, then dinosaurs’ relatives arestill walking—and flying—among us.

A crater caused by an asteroid hittingthe Earth in Australia.

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3. READING COMPREHENSIONA. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Another title for this reading could be_________a. what really killed the dinosaurs?b. the truth about dinosaursc. dinosaurs discovered in Mexicod. our favorite

2. Which statement about the Troodon is probably true?a. It was smarter than a monkeyb. It was warm-bloodedc. It was a huge animald. It was quite intelligent

3. Some paleontologists think that T.rex was a scavenger (line 25). What doesthis mean?a. It had small arms.b. It was a powerful killer.c. It was similar to an elephant.d. It ate animals that were already dead.

4. What is Chicxulub (line 29)?a. a huge hole caused by an asteroidb. a type of dinosaurs found in Maxicoc. a time in dinosaurs historyd. an animal T. rex ate

5. At the end of the Cretaceous period ________a. some dinosaurs started to flyb. humans appeared on Earthc. the Earth’s temperature was changingd. dinosaurs numbers were increasing in Mexico

B. True or False. Read the sentences below and circle T (true), F (false), or NG(not given in the passage).

1. Some dinosaurs were small. T F NG2. All dinosaurs had small brains T F NG3. Paleontologists agree that dinosaurs were cold-blooded T F NG4. T.rex was a fast runner T F NG5. A young T.rex probably had feathers like a bird T F NG6. Some scientists believe that modern-day birds are related T F NG

to dinosaurs

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A. Matching. Read the information and match each word in bold with its definition.

T. rex and other giant land dinosaurs went extinctabout 65 million years ago. Today, you only seethese animals in a museum. But what about thehuge animals that lived in the seas million of years ago? Are they still alive-living in the world’s lakesand oceans?

For centuries, stories about sea monsters haveexisted in many countries. One of the most famousis Scotland’s Loch Ness Monster (often called“Nessie”). In reality, these legendary animal aresimilar to actual reptiles that lived in the world’sseas 65-250 million years ago. For example,Nessie is physically similar to a type ofplesiosaur—a sea reptile with a very long neck. Butis Nessie really an ancient sea monster, still alivein a lake in Scotland? Probably not. Plesiosaurs(like the dinosaurs) died out completely about 65million years ago.

1. actually, in fact___________2. huge, very large___________3. totally____________4. related to the body___________5. a building where historical items are kept for people to see ___________

B. Completion. Complete the information using words from the box.One word is extra.

The ancient sea monster Dakosaurus (nicknamed “Godzilla”) is a (n)1.________________ of modern-day crocodiles. This SouthAmerican sea reptile was a(n) 2._______________ swimmer and apowerful 3.________________.

Sea reptiles like Dakosaurus were top predator. And some, likeTylosaurus, even attacked sharks. But in the end, sharks were thereal survivors. Today, they are still alive, but changes in the Earth’s4.______________ caused the larger sea reptiles to become extinct.

climate hunter opposite relative speedy

An ancient sea reptile fossilin Beijing, China.

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Unit 8A Penguin’s Year

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Unit 9Life Beyond Earth

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Unit 10The Silk Story

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Unit 11History &

Legends

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Unit 12Mystery on

Everest

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Unit 13The LostTreasure

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BONUSGRAMMAR FOCUS

Subject vs Verb Agreement (Simple Present Tense)

2. SUBJECTApa itu subjek? Subjek (subject) adalah nomina (noun) yang muncul

sebelum kata kerja (verba) dalam kalimat aktif. Subjek dapat berbentuk nomina,frasa nomina, atau klausa nomina. Subjek bisa berjumlah singular (satu atautunggal), bisa berjumlah plural (lebih dari satu atau jamak), juga bisa berjumlah takterhitung atau uncountable. Untuk subjek yang tak bisa dihitung seperti air, api,udara, dan sebagainya, selalu dianggap sebagai satu kesatuan. Jumlah subjeksangat menentukan bentuk verba (tense) apa yang harus digunakan dalam kalimat,apakah verba singular atau verba plural.

SUBJEK (NOMINA)Singular

(TANPA -s/ -es)Plural

(DENGAN -s /-es)Tak terhitung

student students waterwatch watches airchild children fireleaf leaves money

Menurut aturannya, subjek singular dan subjek yang tak bisa dihitung harusdipasangkan dengan verba singular. Sedangkan subjek plural harus dipasangkandengan verba plural (S-SING+V-SING: S-PLU+V-PLU).

Contoh:a. The students is happy. (SALAH)

S-Plu V-Singb. The student is happy. (BENAR)

S-Sing V-Sing

a. The child study. (SALAH)S-Sing V-Plu

b. The children study. (BENAR)S-Plu V-Plu

3. VERBAApa itu verba? Verba adalah kata yang menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan

oleh subjek. Verba ada yang berbentuk singular dan ada yang plural.

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VERBASingular(-s / -es)

Plural(TANPA s /es Tak terhitung Subjek: I

is are is amfalls fall falls fallgoes go goes go

studies study studies study

Verba singular harus dipasangkan dengan subjek singular atau subjek tak terhitung.Sedangkan verba plural harus dipasangkan dengan subjek plural (S-SING + V-SING; S-PLU + V-PLU)..

Contoh:a. The book are red. (SALAH)

S-Sing V-Plub. The book is red. (BENAR)

S-Sing V-Sing

a. The teachers teaches. (SALAH)S-Plu V-Sing

b. The teachers teach. (BENAR)S-Plu V-Plu

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, kecocokan antara subject dan verba sangat penting.Ketidakcocokan antara keduanya membuat kalimat menjadi salah secaragramatikal.

Exercise. Decide whether the subject and the verb in the followingsentences agree. Then make correction where necessary.

1. They are studying English now.2. He is clever.3. They studies Biology on Mondays.4. The students is sitting on the chairs.5. The teacher explains the lesson very well.6. Antelope and warthog is different animals.7. The classroom is nice.8. Water are so abundant in my city.9. The forest and savana are home to wild animals.

10. The first year students of Mataram University study the samesubjects.

11. The teacher and students goes to the museum to learn.12. When you leaves school, you must apply what you have learned.

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