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A SEMINAR REPORT

on

ANDROID TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to JNT Universit!"#$in#d# in %#rti#& 'u&'i&ment o' 

Re(uirements 'or t)e #*#rd o' t)e de+ree o' 

,ACHELOR O- TECHNOLOGY

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

NAME. P/"EERTHI PRIYA

ROLL NUM,ER.01230A4567

DEPARTMENT O- COMPUTER SCIENCE 8 ENGINEERING

LA"IREDDY ,ALI REDDY COLLEGE O- ENGINEERING 9AUTONOMOUS:9A''i&i#ted to JNTU"; "#$in#d#:

9A<<redited b N,A; NAAC =A> ISO 6440!?447 Certi'ied:

L/,/Redd N#+#r; M&#v#r#m ! 5?0 ?14

 ?40@!?405

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LA"IREDDY ,ALI REDDY COLLEGE O-

ENGINEERING

9AUTONOMOUS:9A''i&i#ted to JNTU"; "#$in#d#:

9A<<redited b N,A; NAAC =A> ISO 6440!?447 Certi'ied:

L/,/REDDY NAGAR; MYLAARAM B 5?0 ?14/

DEPARTMENT O- COMPUTER SCIENCE 8 ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that P/"EERTHI PRIYA , student of III,/Te<) Semester

9Com%uter S<ien<e 8 En+ineerin+:  have successfully completed his semin#r, titled

Android Te<)no&o+  at Lakkireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering during the

Academic year 20!"20#$ This seminar report is su%mitted as partial fulfilment for the

a&ard of degree of B$Tech in Computer 'cience ( Engineering$

  INCHARGE HEAD O- THE DEPARTMENT

Mr/T/en$#t#N#+#r#u   Dr/N/R#viS)#n$#r

Assist#nt Pro'essor De%t/ o' CSE

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AC"NOFLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies that the successful completion of any task &ould %e

incomplete &ithout the mention of people &hose ceaseless cooperation made it possi%le,

&hose constant guidance and encouragement cro&n all efforts &ith success$

) am grateful to our seminar in"charge Mr/T/en$#t#N#+#r#u, Assistant *rofessor,

Computer 'cience ( Engineering for the guidance, inspiration and constructive suggestions

that helped us in the preparation of this pro+ect$$

At the outset &e thank our ead of the -epartment Dr/N/R#viS)#n$#r  and our 

onoura%le -irector and *rincipal Dr/ E/ Pr#s#d#nd #nd Dr/N/R/M/Redd for the moral

support and the e.cellent facilities provided$ ) &ould also like to thank all the teaching and

non"teaching staff mem%ers of Computer 'cience department$

) &ish to e.press my &arm and grateful thanks to our class incharge for the guidance

and assistance he provided in completing our seminar successfully$

) thank all my friends &ho helped me sharing kno&ledge and %y providing material

to complete the task in time$

 /AE1 *$EERT) *R)3A

  R4LL /5BER 

  67#A0!89

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  INDEX  Contents

Page No

1.Abstract

12.Introduction

2-33.History

44.Motivation

55.Features

.!ec"no#ogy

$$.Hard%are

&-'&.()erating *yste+s

1,'.Progra++ing

111,. Price

11

11. A))#ications12-13

12. Android esearc"

14-113. Future Android

1$14. eerences

1&

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15. Advantages

1'1. conc#usion

2,

 

ABSTRACT

Android is a soft&are stack for mo%ile devices that includes

an operating system,middle&are and key applications$

 

Android is a soft&are platform and operating systemfor

mo%ile devices %ased on the Linu. operating system

and developed %y :oogle andthe 4pen andset

Alliance$ )t allo&s developers to &rite managed code in

a ;ava"likelanguage that utili<es :oogle"developed ;ava

li%raries, %ut does not support programsdeveloped in

native code$The unveiling of the Android platform on ! /ovem%er 2007 &as announced &iththe founding of the

4pen andset Alliance, a consortium of 6= hard&are,

soft&are

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andtelecom companies devoted to advancing open

st an dards fo r mo%i le device s$ >hen released in 2009,

most of the Android platform &ill %e made availa%le under the

Apachefree"soft&are and open"source license

 

Introduction/

Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15 years. Starting fromblack and white phones to recent smart phones or mini computers,

mobile OS has come far away. Especially for smart phones, Mobile OS

has greatly evolved from alm OS in 1!!" to #indows pocket $ in

%&&& then to 'lackberry OS and (ndroid.

 

One of the most widely used mobile OS these days

is ANDROID.Android is a software bunch comprising not only operatingsystem but also middleware and key applications. (ndroid )nc was

founded in alo (lto of $alifornia, *.S. by (ndy +ubin, +ich miner, ick

sears and $hris #hite in %&&-. ater (ndroid )nc. was ac/uired by

0oogle in %&&5. (fter original release there have been number of 

updates in the original version of (ndroid.

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0"at is Android

Android is a computing platform designed for

use in some smart phones and other devices

 This technolog!" #hich is o#ned $! %oogle"

Inc" includes an operating s!stem" soft#are"

and applications The operating s!stem is

$ased on &inu'(" #hich provides advanced

computer processing Android) technolog! is

maintained and continuall! developed $! the

Android *pen Source +ro,ect -A*S+.

History o Android

%oogle purchased Android Inc" a //0month0

old +alo Alto" California" startup in 1ul! /223

Android Inc #as co0founded $! And! Ru$in"

ma4er of mo$ile device Danger Inc) The

purchase #as 4e! in %oogle5s move into the

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#ireless technolog! mar4et In /226" %oogle

introduced the 7TC Dream) as the 8rst

mar4eted phone to use Android) technolog!

Since that time" this platform use has

e'panded to other smart phones" ta$let

computers" E0readers" net$oo4s" and other

devices

  9

Android AppilcationsAlthough Android technolog! is increasingl!

$eing used on a range of devices" the most

common hard#are to use this platform is mo$ile

phones A large communit! of developers

regularl! #rite applications -apps." including

games" social net#or4ing" and $usiness modules"for Android smart phones There are a #ide range

of free Android apps" including games and

productivit! titles" and paid apps are even more

common Android products : #hich are used $!

thousands of developers $ecause the! are freel!

availa$le for do#nload : has given soft#are

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developers the opportunit! to sell their creations

to a #ide group of consumers

 

/

 

Progra++ing or Android 

Android technolog! is $ased on 1ava soft#are

applications This technolog! re;uires the use of a

special soft#are development 4it -SD<. to create

applications for an Android device The SD< is freel!

availa$le for do#nload from the Internet For this

reason" and $ecause it #ill #or4 on multiple operating

s!stems" man! soft#are developers prefer Android

products over those used in other smart phones

Android technolog! provides speci8c application

programming interface -A+I. modules to developers

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that ta4e advantage of this The touch screen ena$les

the user to select and scroll through information #ith

the stro4e of a 8nger

 

7o#ever there are other supporting programming

languages that can $e used to develop Android=

  C>> 0 ND< for li$raries" not apps

+!thon" $ash" et al 0 ?ia the Scripting

Environment

Corona0 *ne is to use the Corona SD< Corona is a

high level SD< $uilt on the &@A programming

language &@A is much simpler to learn than 1ava

and the SD< ta4es a#a! a lot of the pain in

developing Android app

+honegap technolog! Cardova 0 #hich used 7T& 3"

 1avaScript" CSS

 

Ho% Android is dierent

  *ne of the 4e! dierences $et#een Android

technolog! and other smart phone s!stems isthat it is open for modi8cation This gives

vendors the opportunit! to change and enhance

their products $ased on their o#n preferences

 This has created man! versions of Android

phones" #hich can var! $! vendor" as #ell as a

range of other devices that use this platform In

/299" %oogle introduced a ne# arena for Android

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#hen it announced plans to launch

Android7ome" a net#or4 that could allo# users

to automate and control home appliances

 

ersions o Android

e#easedVersion Version Name Release

 (ndroid " M %&15

 (ndroid 5.&, 5.&.1, 5.&.%,5.1, 5.1.1

ollipop Oct %&12 (pr

 (ndroid 4.4 ,4.4.1, 4.4.2, 4.4.3,4.4.4

KitKat   Oct %&1-2 3un

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 (ndroid 4.1, 4.1.1 4.1.2, 4.2, 4.2.1,4.2.2, 4.3

 Jelly Bean  3ul %&1%2 3ul

 (ndroid .&, 4.0.1, 4.0.2, 4.0.3,4.0.4 

)cecream Sandwich Oct %&112 Mar

 Android 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2,3.2.4, 3.2.6, Honeycomb 

4eb %&1124eb

 Android 2.3,2.3.3,2..3.4, 2.3.5,2.3.6, 2.3.7   Gingerbread  

ec %&1&2 Se

 Android 2.2    Froyo  May %&1&

 Android 2.0, Android 2.0.1, 2.1  Eclair Oct %&&!2 3an

 Android 1.0 Android 1.1, Android1.5 , Android 1.6  

 (pple ie, 'anana 'read, cupcakeonut

Sep %&&62 Se

 Android 0.9  (ug %&&6

Co+)anies "iring Android

deve#o)ers

According to data e'tracted from Nau4ricom

around G222 ,o$s have $een posted in last 2da!s in the #e$site that includes $oth

developers and testers e'perience ranging

from /06 !rs

Industry No of Jobs poste

)7 software 8 services &9

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)nternet:Ecommerce -%9

Oil gas energy %6%

$onstruction Engineering 1%

+ecruitment:Staffing 1&6

'O:call center !%

Others 56!

  G

  Android A))#ications 

 The mo$ile application industr! is

considered a ver! competitive industr! and

mo$ile application developer andmo$ile

application developement 8rms must doever!thing in their authorit! to ensure the!

remain on top of their competition in order

to survive in the mo$ile application industr!

  Toda! mar4et demand for applications

that can run on i*S" Android and 7tml030

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$ased mo$ile $ro#sers is surging The

android developers are getting Hooded #ith

the re;uests to develop mo$ile

applications #hich are currentl! used in the

development and manufacture of these

apps for the tech mar4ets

 

Android easearc"

 The mo$ile application industr! is considered a

ver! competitive industr! and mo$ile applicationdeveloper andmo$ile application developement

 8rms must do ever!thing in their authorit! to

ensure the! remain on top of their competition in

order to survive in the mo$ile application

industr!

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  Toda! mar4et demand for applications that

can run on i*S" Android and 7tml030$ased mo$ile

$ro#sers is surging The android developers are

getting Hooded #ith the re;uests to develop

mo$ile applications #hich are currentl! used in

the development and manufacture of these apps

for the tech mar4ets

 

6

Android eerences

According to a 1anuar! /293 %artner report"

JAndroid surpassed a $illion shipments ofdevices in /29" and #ill continue to gro# at

a dou$le0digit pace in /29G" #ith a /G

percent increase !ear over !earJ This made

it the 8rst time that an! general0purpose

operating s!stem has reached more than

one $illion end users #ithin a !ear= $!

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reaching close to 99G $illion end users in

/29" Android shipped over four times more

than i*S and *S X com$ined" and over three

times more than icrosoft Kindo#s %artner

e'pected the #hole mo$ile phone mar4et to

Jreach t#o $illion units in /29GJ" including

Android

 

L

Future o Android

  The mo$ile application industr! is considereda ver! competitive industr! and mo$ile

application developer andmo$ile application

developement 8rms must do ever!thing in their

authorit! to ensure the! remain on top of their

competition in order to survive in the mo$ile

application industr!

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  Toda! mar4et demand for applications that

can run on i*S" Android and 7tml030$ased mo$ile

$ro#sers is surging The android developers are

getting Hooded #ith the re;uests to develop

mo$ile applications #hich are currentl! used in

the development and manufacture of these apps

for the tech mar4ets

  92

Android Report

  According to the surve! $! BM Research"

39 organiOations are currentl! $uilding mo$ile

apps using Android and I*S and there #ould $e

an increase of 9/ more organiOations in ne't

si' months *ut of the #hole lot of organiOations

#hich develop mo$ile apps" 669 are $uildingapps for ta$let +Cs #hile 6/ are $us! ma4ing

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apps for smartphones Android app stores are in

dire need for ;ualit! content" and their promotion

opportunities for Android developers are the

most favora$le For instance" itPs /2 times more

li4el! for a high0;ualit! app to get featured on an

alternative store than on %oogle +la! *ne of the

prospective strategies is to develop applications

that are ;uite rare and ver! specialiOed $ut are in

high demand

 

99

DevicesAccording to a 1anuar! /293 %artner report"

JAndroid surpassed a $illion shipments of devices

in /29" and #ill continue to gro# at a dou$le0

digit pace in /29G" #ith a /G percent increase

!ear over !earJ This made it the 8rst time that

an! general0purpose operating s!stem has

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reached more than one $illion end users #ithin a

!ear= $! reaching close to 99G $illion end users

in /29" Android shipped over four times more

than i*S and *S X com$ined" and over three

times more than icrosoft Kindo#s %artner

e'pected the #hole mo$ile phone mar4et to

Jreach t#o $illion units in /29GJ" including

Android

  9/

Ka!s *f Android +erformance

1. 10 ways to improve your app's performance Boris

Farber Developer Advocate Google

2.Data Intensive apps Long launch time Janky; ;

scrolling Unresponsive app;

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3. IF YOU HAVE A SMALL APP FORGET THESE

SLIDES

4.1 - Activity leaks

5. Activity

6. Why memory leaks are dangerous Holding;

references to unused Activity Activity holds its layout;

==> holds all views

7. Listeners leak public class LeakActivity extends

Activity { // ... @Override protected voidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)

{ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

NastyManager.getInstance().addListener(this); // ...

8. Listener's leak + fix @Override public void

onDestroy() { super.onDestroy();

NastyManager.getInstance().removeListener(this); }remove listener

9. Static References Activities/fragments etc - they;

have a life cycle Activity will not be GC-ed Static; ;

references become dangling "pointers"< <

m_staticActivity = staticFragment.getActivity()

10. Activity.

  9

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Interface

 (ndroid=s default user interface is based on direct

manipulation,>!? using touch inputs, that looselycorrespond to real2world actions, like swiping, tapping,

pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on2screen

ob@ects, and a virtual keyboard.>!? 7he response to user

input is designed to be immediate and provides a fluid

touch interface, often using the vibration capabilities of

the device to provide haptic feedback to the user.)nternal hardware such

as accelerometers, gyroscopes and proAimity

sensors>5&? are used by some applications to respond to

additional user actions, for eAample ad@usting the screen

from portrait to landscape depending on how the device

is oriented, or allowing the user to steer a vehicle in aracing game by rotating the device, simulating control of

a steering wheel.

  1

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emor! anagement

Since (ndroid devices are usually battery2powered,

 (ndroid is designed to manage memory B+(MC to keeppower consumption at a minimum, in contrast to desktop

operating systems which generally assume they are

connected to unlimited mains electricity. #hen an

 (ndroid application is no longer in use, the system will

automatically suspend it in memoryD while the

application is still technically open, suspendedapplications consume no resources Bfor eAample,

battery power or processing powerC and sit idly in the

background until needed again. 7his brings a dual

benefit by increasing the general responsiveness of

 (ndroid devices, since applications do not need to be

closed and reopened from scratch each time, and byensuring that background applications do not consume

power needlessly.

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  15

Other *ses

7he open and customiFable nature of (ndroid allows it

to be used on other electronics aside from smartphones

and tablets, including laptops

and netbooks, smartbooks,>-&&? smart 7Gs B (ndroid

7G, 0oogle 7GC and cameras BE.g. 0alaAy $ameraC.>-&1? )n addition, the (ndroid operating system has seen

applications on smart glasses B0oogle0lassC,smartwatches,>-&%? headphones,>-&-? car $ and

G players,>-&? mirrors,>-&5? portable media players,>-&"? landline>-&9? andGoice over ) phones.>-&6? Ouya, a

video game console running (ndroid, became one of the

most

successful Hickstarter campaigns, crowdfunding *SI6.5m for its development,>-&!?>-1&? and was later followed by

other (ndroid2based consoles, such as vidia=s Shield

ortable J an (ndroid device in a video game

controller  form factor.

  1"

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+eferences

1. "Android Code Analysis" . Retrieved June 6, 2012.

%.Jump up ̂  "Te Android !oure Code# $overnane%iloso&y" . soure.android.o'. (ee')er 17,2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.

-.K 3ump up toL a b c  d  e f  g  h i   j  k  "$oo*le+s iron *ri& on Android# Controllin* o&en soure )y any 'eansneessary" . Ars Tenia. Retrieved (ee')er, 2013.

.Jump up ̂  "Announin* te Android 1.0 !(-,release 1" . !e&te')er 9, 200.Retrieved!e&te')er 21, 2012.

5.K 3ump up toL a b c  !a, A*a' (ee')er 1,

2011/. "$oo*les Android 4.0 &orted to 6 &roessors" . Co'&uterorld. nternational (ata$rou&. Retrieved e)ruary 20,2012.

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  16

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 (dvantages

$ost EffectiveL

7he first thing about (ndroid is its cost.eople who used to be with base

level mobiles would be fed up with the boringoptionsBut with the low

price now they can go for (ndroid phones with good design and lot of

applications which is not possible with the (pple,'lackberry and some.

Mu#titasing/

 (ndroid has a multitasking option so you can run manyapplicationssimultaneousl!As this is not a new stuff nowadays but it

comes under (dvantage room.

 

9L

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Conclusion

At the moment we do not have a working version of the

application. We have completed all the changes required forBluetooth to work at the routing layer, our group layer has

skeleton classes that define the basic actions that these classes

should perform. Finally, our application layer has been

modeled from the BedNET framework (making use of

AppMessage and AppMessageObserver classes).

At the routing layer we have analyzed and reviewed all theclasses and their functionality; part of the process in getting

the routing layer to work was the translation of calls to

methods from the JSR-82 API to ones in the Android

API. Mapping a class from JSR-82 with one in Android was a

semi-trivial case given that we had access to documentation of 

both API, and I was often the case that methods with same

functionality would be grouped under the same class.

20

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