A ROYAL RANGERS MAGAZINE FOR BOYS/SPRING 1980

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SPRING 1980

THE ENEMY Michael L. Starr

-An lndian village's desperatestruggle

YEAR OF THE GLAWACKUS Charles Booth

-A tale of a strange beast wholurked in the night

BIBLE CROSSWORD PUZZLE

-Grab your Bible and test

your Bible knowledgeME AND MY KNEE BREECHES John McLeaish

-a city boy and his knickerswin at a Texas rodeo

PLANT NICKNAMES O. J. Robertson

-Match the plants withtheir correspond ing states

RANGERCRAFT John EllerA\

{1-Learn to make hobo stoves

and hobo chowINDIAN SIGNS H. Barnett 10

{nce you learn what to lookfor, you can spot lndian signsin your own neighborhood

THE LONG WALK John Winston 11

-A boy's long walk for helpends in safety \\\\

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HIGH ADVENTURE STAFF:Editor: Johnnie Barnes, Layout Editor: Dave Barnes, Assoc. Editor: John Eller.

HIGH AOVENTURE-Vo|ume 9, Numb€r4|SSN (019G3802)publish€d quarterly by Royal Rangors, 1/145 Boon-ville Avenue, Springfield, MO 65802. Subscription rates: single subscription $1 .50 a year; bundle (minimum offive subscri ptions, all mailed to one address) $1 .30 a year. Copyright 1 979 General Council of the Ass€mblies ofGod. Printed in USA. Second-class postags paid at Springfield, Mo., and at additional offices.

HIGH ADVENTURE

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SPRING 1980

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'o"T'he attack was onand the village

exploded into shouts,sctreams, wailingand confusion.

Ghildren ranwhimpering totheir mothers.

Women struEgleddesperately to reach

their lodges."

TheEnemyBY MICHAEL L" STARR

tf he enemv came on a summer's dayLr.*. the banks of the CanadianI Rilr". in what would one day be

Oklahoma. The Kiowas, Osages, andSouthern Cheyennes had gathered toattend the Medicine Lodge ceremoniesand prepare for raids against thePawnees.

Little-Old-Man could not help worry-ing. He searched about until he foundWhite-Face-Bull, a Council Chief with aface as worn as an old parfleche.

"I see no scouts. Will no one be out onwatch?" White-Face-Bull slowly turnedto face the young man.

"This is not our camp, Little-Old-Man.This is Kiowa land. We and the Osagesare here as friends, It is for Big-Tree todecide if young men are needed to watchthe land and the sky."

"Then should not someone say some-thing to Big-Tree?"

"Not a young man such as yourself.Maybe later, after a good meal when allare happy and sleepy, I will speak ofthis."

"But-" He got no farther. The oldman raised his hand.

"It is only right that you worry. You area warrior. It is your place to die for theCONTINUED NEXT PAGE GS"

people, But it is my place to talk to theother old men and to persuade. I am tooold to fight. But you are too young totalk."

White-Face-Bull walked away.Little-Old-Man worried. And no one sawthe enemy approach. The MedicineLodge ceremonies went on for two daysbefore White-Face-Bull mentioned theidea of scouts to Big-Tree. The KiowaChief remarked that it seemed a goodidea. But no one saw dust on the horizon,or hawks circling angrily about. And noone noticed any wisps of smoke stretch-ing up to meet the sun.

The sun dawned bright and hot on thefinal day. Toward noon, criers paradedthrough the camps announcing that thefinal Sun Dance would soon take place.The drum beats had sounded only a littlewhile and the eagle bone whistles evenless time when a scream ripped throughthe camp. Everyone froze when a Kiowadancer grabbed his belly and collapsedon the floor of the Sun Dance Lodge.Another scream and an Osage man wentdown. The attack was on and the villageexploded into shouts, screams, wailing,and confusion. Children ran whimperingto their mothers. Women struggled des-perately to reach their lodges.

"Break camp!" shouted White-Face-Bull. "Break camp and flee to the north!"

"Why can we not ffght?" screamedLittle-Old-Man. White-Face-Bull didnot hear him. Tepees were crashingdown. Horses were stampeding and

4

more and more people screamed anddied.

They fled north that afternoon and allnight long, collapsing exhausted the nextmorning at the Cimarron River. White-Face-Bull decided they should remainthere a full day before continuing northagain.

"Why do we stop if not to fight?" askedLittle-Old-Man angrily. "Why do we fleelike children before a storm?"

"Because we are like children and thisenemy is like the storm," answeredWhite-Face-Bull. "Do you not see thathe is everywhere; that he comes withoutwarning; and kills in ways we have nopower to fight. You saw him kill theOsages and the Kiowas. I have seen himkill the Mandans, the Chippewas, andthe Crees. Wherever we are, he comes.And when he comes, he kills. There isnothing we can do but flee to where hehas not yet come."

"No!" shouted Little-Old-Man. "Wewarriors. 'Todav a good day to

"Fool!" the old man thundered. "Howwill you fight? Do you think he fights ourway? Do you think he will charge by andbe content with touching you with hiscoup stick. This enemy has no coup stick.All he knows is to kill. Warriors andwomen, chiefs and children, he kills all.

The two men glared at each other untilthe old man's eyes lost their fire. Hedropped his head, turned, and walkedaway. Little-Old-Man glanced around to

<here and f iqht it."

where his own wife was setting up theirlodge. She was almost finished.

But it was then the enemy struck theCheyennes again. White-Face-Bullscreamed and fell face down motionlessin the dust. Seconds later his screamechoed and re-echoed throughout thecamp. Again panic struck. Again thecamp exploded into a maelstrom ofhorses, children, women, and dogs.Little-Old-Man watched for only a heartbeat and then raced to his own lodge.

Before his wife could knock the tipdown and prepare again to flee, he wasinside changing. He donned his scalp-fringed war shirt and red-striped leg-gings. He slapped red warpaint on hisface and put on his crow feather warbon-net. He took his lance and shield fromthe wooden tripod outside his door, andmounted his war horse.

Raising the lance above his head, thewarrior screamed and kicked his horseinto a gallop around the inner circle ofthe lodges. The panic stricken and thefearful looked to him as he reigned hishorse up in the center of the dying vil-lage and drove his lance into the ground.

"If I could see this thing, if I knewwhere it came from, I would go there andfight it," he shouted. But even as he saidthis, his stomach exploded in pain as ifput to the torch. He dropped his shield,fell from his horse and, moments later,died in his wife's arms.

It was 1850, the year that cholerawiped out half of the Cheyenne Nation.*

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I could see this thing, if I knew where it

HIGH ADVENTURE

Year of the Glawackus

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The entire countryside wasalerted to the potential dan-ger from the unknown varmintthat struck by night.

PEOPLE IN GLASTONBURY, BUCK.ingham, and Manchester, Connecticut,are still talking about the great cougarscare of 1939-a story that spread acrossthe nation.

Dubbed the Glastonbury "Glawack-us," the many reports of this so-called"monster of the bmsh," had residents ofthese three communities literallyfrightened out of their wits for manyweeks.

IVlotorists traveling along the high-ways and side roads in the remote sec-tions of these towns reported spotting a"huge animal with feet as large as dinnerplates and a body as large as that of asmall elephant." Residents of the coun-tryside, alarmed at the many descrip-tions of the beast by those who sworethey had seen it, began to board up theirchicken coops, fence in their yards, andtake turns at guarding their properties.

The famed "glawackus" first madelocal history on a night in January of1939, when a farmer reported hearing aweird catlike call at the edge of somewoods bordering his property in GIas-tonbury. Upon investigating with the aidof a flashlight, he insisted that he hadcaught a glimpse of the largest animal heCONTINUED NEXT PAGE

BY CHARLES E. BOOTH

l)SPRING 1980

had ever seen outside ofa circus. It hadturned and plunged into the woods as therays of the flashlight fell upon it.

The farmer immediately notified thegame warden who in turn, alerted thetown's two policemen and a search be-gan; a search that was to lead to nation-wide attention through the power of thepre ss.

Since that night, the Glawackus wasreported to have invaded farms and ruralproperty in Buckingham and Manches-ter as well. Huge footprints were discov-ered in mud and snow in at least thirtyseparate yards in these towns. Childrenwere kept inside after dark and housedogs and cats were kept from roaming.The entire countryside was alerted to thepotential danger from the unknown var-mint that stalked by night.

Every day, people from all parts ofthese towns reportedly heard the eerievoice of the dreaded "monster" that hadupset the peace and quiet oftheir dailyliving. Finally, when state game war-dens announced their belief that the"Glawackus" was in reality, a cougar, aposse was formed to go into the woodedsections and end, once and for all, thisdreaded menace to quiet living.

One night, in the middle of January, afrightened housewife living near theglastonbury reservoir, called authoritiesto say that she had heard the uncanny callof the G]awackus on the reservoir prop-erty. Within a few minutes, a group ofgame wardens, farmers, and sportsmenarrived on the scene.

The Glawackus, cougar, or whatever itwas, could still be heard as one spine-tingling shriek after another pierced thecold, wintry air. The men of the posseglanced at one another with looks ofalarm. Armed with guns, clubs and elec-

tric torches, they separated into twogroups, making their way toward thewooded spot from which the uncannycall had come. As usual, nothing was ac-complished.

In the bright morning sunlight of thefollowing day, investigation by reservoirauthorities uncovered many large foot-prints which were undoubtedly made byan exceptionally large animal. Alongsidethese were the prints of the men in thehunting party. The ones made by theanimal led into the nearby woods; butthose of the brave posse simply formed aIarge circle at the edge of the woods. Thetownspeople were disgusted and be-came more frightened than ever at theprospect that the Glawackus had suc-cessfully evaded every effort ofthe hun-ters.

A new and novel approach was under-taken in what had now become a small"war" against the four-footed foe. Out-donr fires were started early in the eve-nings and were kept burning through thenight. The use of firecrackers, horns,whistles, and bells were introduced as

weapons to frighten the monster away.The entire countryside began to take onthe appearance of a Mardi Gras. Storiesof the elusive animal began to amplifyand spread, and newspapers all over thecountry carried daily reports on the prog-ress of the search. Meanwhile, theGlawackus continued to howl and toprowl despite the noise and confusion ofits human adversaries.

Throngs of curious persons pouredinto the areas in which the monster waslast seen or heard. Advice as to how itsdemise could best be accomplished wasplentiful, but nothing seemed to work.Then one night, the countryside becamesuddenly quiet-for the first time in

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weeks, there were no reports of havingseen or heard the Glawackus. Peoplewouldn't believe it. For a week after-ward, the fires were kept buming and thefirecrackers, horns, whistles, and bellswere kept at arm's reach. But they werenever needed.

The Glawackus had left as suddenly as

it had appeared. A wide search for itsbody was carried out as it was the beliefby authorities that it may have been thevictim of a disease or of some means ofdestruction. But from that day to this, themystery of the Glawackus remains un-solved. The mystery ofjust what it reallywas and why and how it left its chosenterritory is a subject that even today isdiscussed by those who remember thenerve-racking year of the Glawackus.lltt l:iI!r ,r

BIBLE

PUZZLE

David & Jonathan

Here's a fun puzzle that willchallenge you and your Bibleknowledge. All you need is ahandy pocket Bible and a goodmemory. Read 1 Samuel 18:1-5and fill in the appropriate missingwords.

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5-Jonathan was the

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of Saul.6--Flee.7-Owns.8-David

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himself wisely.lO-David went wherever

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sent

him.l3-Not sold.l6-The soul of Jonathan was

-with the soul of David.

l7-Saul set David over the men of

l8-Color.

Down:l-King Saul did not let David go

home to his father's2-Jonathan loved David as his

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soul.3-He and David made a

-.4-David was

-- enough to fight

the Philistine giant, Goliath.Across:

l-Jump on one foot.4-Jonathan gave David his _-.

7-Sound of a laugh.

CONTINUATION ANDANSWERS ON PAGE 15 I.s-

HIGH ADVENTURE

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ffireffiffiffiffiffi%BY JOHN H. McLEAISH

rey knee breeches were whatmost all the city kids wore toschool in Houston in 1933. That

same year my Dad's cotton brokeragebusiness failed and we had to movefrom the city to the country.

For me, Wiemar, Texas, wasn't just a

country town. No Sir! Wiemar had work-in'cowboys, whose kids didn't wear kneebreeches (knickers) to school eitherlThey wore Levi's and rugged cowboyboots.

The teachers, who taught at Hilldale,in Wiemar, were all aglow that first day.Mom and me inmy knickers had arrived.With obvious disdain, the onlooking stu-dents didn't share the teachers delightwith the new and "Ah, such a well-groomed lad." The girls giggled at thesight of me. The boys slumped in theirdesks. They outstretched their levi-cladIegs with cowboy boots attached andkind of blocked the isles. The gesturescast clear-cut aspersions on my city at-tire. The knickers were a huge stigma. Iwas an intruder.

"You are simply not going to look like

those hicks." Those were my mother'sfinal words. They rang in my ears at anyreal or imagined attempt to change hermind.

I'd never have Levi's! I'd never havecowboy boots. I was forever doomed.

My father didn't punch cows. AII hedid was punch holes in business paper;organize and manage a very successfullong-range truck line. I just knew hedidn't care. He was just a businessman.His words on the matter were, "It's theman in the clothes that make the differ-ence, my boy." "Clothes don't make theman, they merely suit him to the occa-sion." No help.

Ol' man Brokaw ran the drug store.Mostly he chased us young whip-persnappers out of the book section.But, he did pay youngsters a dime tosweep up in front of the store. I got thejob. Arrived early on the way to schoolon weekdays and 7:30 a.m. Saturdays.My scheme was simple. I'd save themoney and buy my own levis and bootsl

One cold, raw, Texas-northern day inlate September, the ol' geezer put up abig poster that put more chills up my

spine than the bitter cold wind:"Junior 4H Rodeo - Sat. 4 Oct 1935Boys aged 8-12 - Stay on theBrahma Calf 30 seconds. Win Jus-tin boots-$5.00 cashl (Sponsoredby Business & Cattlemen's Associ-ation) Register at the Arena -509.. .. . Other events. . . . ."

Here was the chance! Otherwise I'dhave to work for ol' man Brokaw for ahundred years. Excitement welled up inme. I stared holes in that poster. I trans-formed it into a mental motion picturescreen. Each time I gazed at it I was onthat Brahma and then on the winnersplatform. The crowd of real cowboyscheering as I accepted the perfect hand-made bootsl Then the picture would giveway to Mr. Brokaw's "ha-rumph )' "Boy,you gonna wear out my broom in frontathat poster." "Ugh?, Yes sir, sure iscold." I swept faster and dreamed all themore of that Rodeo.

Saturday the fourth of October finallycame. I was petrified at the registrationbooth. "500 Son." "Yes Sir, I've got ithere somewhere (hole in my knickerCoNTTNUED NEXT PAGE ls

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SPRING T98O

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"l stopped in front of thot bull ond pulled up one sock thot hod slipped from beneoth o broken knicker buckle.

pocket)." Reaching dbwn my leg past thepocket end, I found the two quarters. Iwas red faced. The real cowboy regis-tered me. He nodded me on and madesome sort of reference to my "balloon"pants.

There he was, the biggest Brahma calfin Texas! From my perch on the corralfence I'm certain that Brahma focusedhis whole attention on me. The one inthe knickers! Man, he's more than big,he's terrible mean. I didn't notice any-thing else going on around me. Nothin'.Maybe 500 pounds. Maybe more. Hisgrey hump and cold-steel eyes scared theIife out of me. Cold sweat glued the woolknickers to my legs.

They called my number twice. Then,with all the calm of a professional rodeorider, I sauntered slowly, deliberately, to

the chute. A rawboned, thin faoed cow-boy cinched my bare left hand under thebraided hemp that girded the 500pounds of thunder. The old cowboy toldme to open my mouth. I did. Surprise! Asack full of Bull Durham tobacco. "Keepbiting and keep those knees above hisshoulders. You gunna do OK." Theyoung bull wrenched against the gate.Then boom! Dust! Grunts! A wholeworld of people and corral and cold blueTexas sky went whirling round. Roundand around. A century past. Thenanother forever. The snorting Brahmastopped!

Defiant, I unwrapped the braidedhemp strap that had welded my hand tothe young bull's back. Slid off in a daze,but once offI stopped in front of that bulland pulled up one sock that had slipped

from beneath a broken knicker buckle.The crowd of townspeople were in an

uproar. I didn't hear them. Somehow myfeet took me to the winners platform.Dad was there. Dad? Sure, why not? Theposter had said sponsored by the Busi-nesstnen and Cattlemen's Association.My Dad was a businessman-the bootswere my size! How'd he know? He onlywore a business suit. A straw katie hat.How'd he know? He congratulated me,and then said "I think you may get towear the boots and Levi's on occasion,but your Mother will never tolerate theBull Durham tobacco sack dangling fromyour mouthl"

I wore my knickers to school that nextyear. The girls didn't giggle. The boysjust called me "champ."THE END.

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SPRING 1980

RANGERCRAFTCONTINUEDHOBO STOVES

Pancakes are great on a hobo stove! Soare hamburgers. You can even bake bis-cuits by covering them with the bottomsection of another can as illustrated.

An old metal washtub will make a bighobo stove, but they work best with a tincan chimney.

Go to it, hobo!

HOBO CHOW

7a lb. American cheeseSalt and pepperDice bacon, fry crisp, and put in pot.

Chop onions and fry in bacon greaseuntil golden brown, then add to pot.Brown hamburger in skillet. Add whendone. Put in tomatoes and cook about 15minutes. Cube cheese and stir in untilcheese is soft. Serve immediately.Northland Burgoo

I Ib. wieners7a lb. bacon2 onionsI can kidney beansI can cornsalt and pepperDice bacon, chop onion, fry boih until

onions are brown. Put in pot and addbeans, corn and seasoning. Cut up wie-ners in inch-long sections and throw in.Boil 15 minutes.

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Bean Mulligan7a lb. bacon2 large onions4 medium potatoes2 cans tomatoes2 No. 2 cans baked beansSalt and pepperCut potatoes into cubes and boil in

four cups water. While that's cooking,dice bacon and fry until crisp. Removebacon, chop and fry onions in bacongrease until yellow. When potatoes arealmost done, add them to bacon, onions,tomatoes, beans, salt and pepper. Sim-mer for a few minutes for taste.

Come Again2 lbs. hamburgerla lb. bacon3 cans spaghetti in tomato sauce2 onionsSalt and pepperFry bacon until crisp, put in pot. Fry

onions in bacon grease until goldenbrown and add to pot. Brown hamburgerand add to pot along with spaghetti, saltand pepper. Simmer for 15 minutes. Iftoo thick, add r/z cup water.

Now, tie your fixin's to the end of apole and "hobo" your next campout!

Camp MulliganYa lb. bacon2 lbs. hamburger

2 onions1 No. 2Yz can kidney beanssalt and pepperDice bacon, fry until crisp, put in pot.

Chop & fry onions in bacon grease untilsoft and add to pot. Fry hamburger untilwell-done and add. Put in beans, salt andpepper. Add two cups water and boil 15minutes.

Wasaka CullionYa lb. bacon2 lbs. hamburger2 cans condensed vegetable soupI large onionsalt and pepperDice bacon, fry until crisp, and put in

pot. Chop and fry onions in bacon greaseuntil golden brown, add. Fry hamburgeruntil brown and add also. Put in vegeta-ble soup, salt and pepper. Simmer for 15MINUTES *

2 cans tomatoes

HIGH ADVENTURE

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SPRING 1980

THEtONGWALK

BY JOHN WINSTON

Five miles east of the border stationfourteen-year-old Michael Clantonwhile riding his horse, unknowingly,crossed the border into Mexico. He livedwith his family in a rambling house a fewmiles north of the border. The horse hadbeen a gift from his father who workedfor the U.S. Emigration Service at thenearby border station. Michael thoughthow fortunate he was to have a beautifulhorse and to roam the desert wilderless.He had lived in the city when he wasyounger and had often thought of livingwhere there was space to ride a horse. Hesometimes pretended that he was a cow-boy of the old west. He was absorbed insuch thoughts when his horse stumbledin an unseen hole and threw him. He last

remembered the scream of his horse andthen everything was black as his headstruck the rock.

The sun was high overhead andburned the desert relentlessly. Carloswas tired and thristy. He sat down be-hind a large rock and tilted his Sombreroto shield the sun. He drank some waterfrom the canteen and replaced the topcarefully. He had walked a long way, thisday, from his home in the south. He wasalso hungry, br,rt this was nothing new.There was never enough food for hisfamily. The harsh land yielded a poorcrop. It was never enough for his fivebrothers and sisters. Carlos had heardstories from men in the village about theabundance of food and the better life in

the country to the north. Today, on histhirteenth birthday, he was detenninedto walk to the border so he could see thisland for himself. He turned and looked atthe sun. It was time to go and he wasanxious to see the new land. Perhaps, hecould even get something to eat.

Nothing moved in the midday heat.Carlos looked at the ground as he walkedalong. He was careful. Some time ago, henearly stepped on a rattlesnake. He hadlearned to watch where he put his feetdown. He might not have looked up hadit not been for the sounds they made nsthey flew in circles off to his right. Hehad seen them before. His f'ather had toldhim they were the birds of death. Healtered his course and walked towardthem. He was not prepared for the scenethat confronted him. First he saw thehorse, lying down. The bone in it's rightforeleg was protrr,rding. The desert sandwas stained with blood. He knew thehorse was dead. He approached cau-tiously and looked at the saddle. He hadnever seen one so beautiful as this one.He was about to touch it when he heard asound to his left and quickly turned. Hesaw the boy lying on the ground, his headagainst a rock. As he came nearer he sawthe blood on the boy's head. Carlosopened his canteen and pressed it to theboy's lips. They did not move. The eyeswere closed. He looked at the head. Itwas a very bad cut. He used a little of theprecious water to wipe away some of theblood. He spoke to the boy. The boy didnot answer. He was not even sure the boyhad made the sound he had heard. Heplaced his hand on the boy's chest. Hecor,rld feel some movement. The boy wasalive.

Carlos looked around him. There wasnothing in sight. Where could he gethelp? It would take too long to reach hisvillage. The boy would die unless he didsomething. He looked again at the boy'sface. Yes, he was a gringo. He would takehim to the Iand of the gringos. But how?He could not carry him across the hotsand. He must think. Once, when hisyounger brother had fallen and brokenCONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE >

ll

"The desert was clancing. He knew he could not go on much longer."

his leg when they had been far fromhome, he had made a travois from deadcactus and sagebrush and pulled hisbrother to their village. He began tosearch the desert.

The sun was already leaning towardthe west as he picked up the end of thetravois. He had tied the boy to it with thesaddle straps and bridle. He had placedhis sombrero over the boy's face toshield him from the buming sun. Heknew he must hurry. He only stoppedonce, to wet the lips of the boy and tohave a little water himself. The canteenwas nearly empty.

His arms and shoulders ached frompulling the heavy load. He hoped that hewould come to some village soon. Thedesert was dancing in front of his eyes.He knew he could not go on muchlonger.

The two men in the border patrol vehi-cle threaded their way around the catcusand rocks of the rugged landscape. Theone using the binoculars spoke. "Hold it,Jim. There's something over there." Hepointed to his right and the driver fol-

Iowed his directions. They came uponCarlos, head bent downward, pulling thetravois, Carlos' throat was dry like theburning desert and he could barelyspeak. They rushed to his side. The onewho had seen him pressed a canteen toCarlos' parched lips, told him to drinkslowly and afterward trickled somewater on his forehead.

The driver examined the injured boyin the travois and exclaimed, "That'sGeorge Clanton's boy! I know him." Heradioed for help.

While they were waiting for help toarrive, Carlos, somewhat recovered, toldthem where he had found the boy andabout the dead horse. They could seethat Carlos was hungry and gave himfood from the emergency rations theycarried. It was strange food and Carloshad never tasted any like it before.Slowly the pain in his stomach wentaway. Shielded from the sun, lying in theback seat of the vehicle, he heard theloud sound like beating wings andlooked up at the strange machine hang-ing in the air. He had never seen any-

thing like it before. The helicopterlanded, the travois was placed aboardand he was assisted by the men into themachine that could stop in the air.

Carlos had never received so much at-tention before. At the hospital, the youngnurse who spoke his language watchedhim as he ate, Carlos had not seen somuch food at one meal. The nurse toldhim that he had done a heroic deed. Theboy he had found in the desert wouldrecover. She told him he had saved theboy's life. Carlos smiled.

An hour later, George Clanton arrivedat the hospital from his border stationand was able to speak to his son. After-wards, he visited Carlos in the crowdedroom where photographers were takingpictures. Carlos wondered what his par-ents would think. George Clanton beganto think. He would do something for theboy who had saved his son's life.

Later they measured the distance fromCarlos' village to where they had foundhim. It was 13 miles.

THE END.

t2 HIGH ADVENTURE

I Pledge AllegianceBY WILLIAM W. WITTER

Although the original "Pledge of Al-legiance" was written in 1892, it was notuntil 1945 that Congress gave officialsanction to the pledge.

The pledge was originally written byFrancis Bellamy, a clergyman and editor.

As a pastor, Bellamy became increas-ingly liberal. In those days his viewswere too far out for the rigid Baptisttheology of his time, and the people ofhis congregation shaking theirheads andclucking their tongues over his interestsin using the church as a place to advancesocial and educational changes, discour-aged him with the ministry.

One day, at the time when he defi-nitely made up his mind to leaveBethany Baptist Church in Boston, Mas-sachusetts, one of his parishioners,Daniel S. Ford, came up to him.

"Francis," he said, "have you everconsidered the publishing business?"

"No, not really," replied Bellamy."Well," continued Ford, "as owner

and editor of 'The Youth's Compan-ion,'I'm always on the Iookout for bright,progressive writers. You'd be an excel-lent addition to our staff."

"I'm flattered," smiled Reverend Bel-lamy. "It does strike me that writingwould be an effective way to bring atten-tion to needed changes in our society."

"Think it over," said Ford.Francis Bellamy did think it over and

joined the staffof "The Youth's Compan-ion" in 189I. He was a writer and editorof that magazine until 1903.

Shortly after Bellamy joined the staffof"The Youth's Companion," themagazine launched a national celebra-

tion of Columbus Day ' . . 1892 was the400th anniversary of the discovery ofAmerica. As chairman of the executivecommittee for the National SchoolsCelebration, Bellamy was asked to assist

James B. Upham, then head of the Pre-mium department, in Planning a Pro-gram for this special event.

"Every school in the land will have a

flag raising!" declared Upham when-talking about the national celebration ofColumbus Day.

On Upham'i, suggestion "The Youth'sCompanion" assembled a committeeand 6egan to enlist the support of statesuperintendents of education, gover-nors, congressmen and even the Presi-dent. Thsresult was a universal holidaydeclared by President Benjamin Harri-son. F

SPRING T98O l3

"Francis," said Mr. Upham, glowingwith the success of the campaign, "I feelthat the special day should mark a newconsecration of patriotism. There shouldbe some sort of an official program foruniversal use in all the schools."

Bellamy nodded. "The highlight oftheprogram will be the raising of the flag.There should be a salute recited by thepupils in unison."

"What salute would you suggest?"asked Upham.

Francis Bellamy paced aror-rnd hisdesk. "The 'Balch' salute which runs 'Igive my heart and my hand to mycountry-one country, one language,one flag' seems juvenile and lacking indignity."

"Let's try a revision of that salute,"suggested Upham.

The men closeted themselves in theiroffices and each spent many hours inconsidering a revision ofthe trite salute.

When they met again Bellamy said, "Itis my thinking that a vow of loyalty orallegiance to the flag should be the dom-inant idea."

"Allegiance . . . allegiance," repeatedUpham. "That's the key word. Try writ-ing the salute around that word, al-legiance."

Later, when asked how he composed"The Pledge of Allegiance" Bellamywrote:

"It was a warrn evening in August,1892, in my o{fice in Boston, that I shutmyselfin my room alone to formulate theactual pledge. Beginning with the newword "allegiance," I first decided that"pledge" was a better school word than"vow" or "swear", and that the first per-son singular should be used, and that"my" flag was preferable to "the." Whenthose first words, "I pledge allegiance tomy flag" looked up at me from the scratch

' paper, the start appeared promising.Then: should it be "country," "nation,"or "Republic"? Republic won because itdistinguished the form of government

: chosen by the fathers and established bythe Revolution. The true reason for al-

, Iegiance to the flag is the "Republic for, which it stands."

Now how should the vista be widenedso as to teach the national fundamentals?

: I laid down my pencil and tried to passour history in review. It took in the say-

, ings of Washington, the arguments of' Hamilton, the Webster-Hayne debate,, the speeches of Seward and Lincoln, theCivil War. After many attempts all that

: pictured struggle reduced itself to three, words, "One nation, indivisible.", To reach that compact brevity, convey-

ing the facts of a single nationality and of: an indivisibility both of states and of: corDrllor interests, was as I recall, the, most arduous phase of the task, and the, discarded experiments of phrasing over-, flowed the scrap basket., But what of the present and future of

this indivisible nation here presented for, allegiance? What were the old and

t4

fought-out issues which always will beissues to be fought for? Especially, whatwere the basic national doctrines bear-ing upon the acute questions alreadyagitating the public mind? Here was atemptation to repeat the historic sloganof the French Revolution, imported byJefferson, "liberty, equality, fraternity."But that was rather quickly rejected asfraternity was too remote of realization,and equality was a dubious word. Whatdoctrines, then, would everybody agreeupon as the basis of Americanism? "Lib-erty and Justice" were surely basic, wereundebatable, and were all that any onenation could handle. If these were exer-cised "for all" they involved the spiritand equality and fraternity. So that finalline came with a cheering rush. As aclincher, it seemed to assemble the pastand to promise the future.

'I pledge allegiance to my flag and (to)the Republic for which it stands-oneNation, indivisible-with liberty andjustice for all.

Francis Bellamy-1892'That, I remember, is how the se-

quence of the ideas grew and how thewords were found. I called for Mr.Upham and repeated it to him with fullemphasis.

He liked it. His colleagues on "TheYouth's Companion," also approved of itand itwas printed in the official program.

Over the years the text of the Pledge ofAllegiance underwent minor revision.The words "my flag" were changed to"the flag of the United States" in 1923 atthe first National FIag Conference heldin Washington, D.C., and in 1925 thewords "of America" were added to thatphrase. In 1942 legislation was adoptedby the U. S. Congress to codify and em-phasize existing customs pertaing to the

display and use of the U.S. flag. The textof the pledge as written by Bellamy andmodified by the National FIag Confer-ence was inserted in this legislation, al-though the pledge itself was not desig-nated as ofiicial.

In 1954, after the "Pledge of AI-legiance" was made official by Congress,President Dwight Eisenhower signedinto law the bill inserting "under God."His signature was written on this bill on amost appropriate day. It was Flag Day.

Meanwhile, a controversary had de-veloped over who had written thepledge. In 1923 "The Youth's Compan-ion" organization denied Bellamy's au-thorship, saying it was a point of policynever to give credit for work done byeditorial staff members.

Following Bellamy's death the familyofthe late James B. Upham made a claimin Upham's name to the authorship ofthepledge, a claim which Upham, himself,had not made. The matter was submittedin 1939 to a committee of three eminenthistorians named by the United StatesFlag Association.

After reviewing evidence presentedby the families of both men, the commit-tee decided that Bellamy was incon-trovertibly the author, and in 1945 hisauthorship was recognized by the Con-gressional Record.

His own account (as given in this arti-cle), written in 1923, of how and why hechose the words used in the pledge, waslater published in the winter 1953, edi-tion of the University of Rochester Li-brary Bulletin.BIBLIOGRAPHY: "The National Cy-clopaedia ofAmerican Biography" pages52-53,"Who Was Who in America," "Il-Iinois Education" October 1967THE END O

HIGH AD\'ENTURE

I4I

-l

The local miser stomped into the doc-tor's office, pounded the floor with his,-irr,e ancl u,heezed: "You're an old fraud!i Linre to 1'ou in 1960 for a cold and you.harged me 55.00."

''I c'ured voLr, didn't I?" asked the doc-r:,r.

''Cured nrel" stormed the {brmer pa-:-trrt. ''Look at me. I'm sneezing again."

Il=ler.r Lozanoff.l ,lrr-rstog'r-r, P-{

''C:rn an1'one te11 rne u'hat a fish net is:--.:"lr lt?" the teacher asked.''Yes n'ra'am," he volunteered, "It's::'...-.r ria lot of little holes tied together..,. rtl ,r :tring."

H.-er, Lozar-roffI :,1,:tou'n. PA

,r, lit. Iong resident of a certain tor.vn\,..: r tr:] active ln all the local clubs andL:i,.:r,z-:.tior-is. The other day he heard]:r, : ,rr tr,r,,rsting to a playmate that his-i..i ',,. ,1, ..r elk. a lion, and a moose. Andth. tl-rr krd u-anted to know how muchi: r,, ,-1111 .,r:t to take a look at him.

Hrler. L,-rz.tnofTl,,hn.tlu.n. P-\

-\ bnght \ ounq bo), was taking a testbut seen'red to be stumped on the secondcluestion, u'hich read: "Give the numberof tons of steel shipped out of the UnitedStates in any given )ear."

After a few minutes of thought the boywrote: "32 A.D.-none."

Helen LozanoffJohnstown, PA

"\\'hv, even the wee little chickens goto bed at sundown," said the mother, try.ins to induce her little boy to go to bed.

"Yes," replied the son, "but the hergoes u'ith them."

Helen LozanoffJohnstorvn, PA

"y'llZPE tt*! O*/ 0//E ,,4ry'4 / ?oub,Y'r,/E/y./F/ /, r4E /b7-4,QE'rtr-ftt*.y' tyy'.'l

you E4EB: /A/E AIE fr*tla*6A7- sa/4E7/lry? ?\

9--Tail-wagging animal.10-Matching clothes.ll-He and I.12-Opposite of high.14-Boy.l5-Withorrt rain.

David and JonathanAcross: l-Hop. 4-Bow. 5-Son. &-Run. 7-Has.8-Behaved. lG-Saul. l3--Unsold. I6-Knit. 17-War. 18-Dye. Dorunr l-House. 2-Own. 3-Covenant.4-Brave. 7-Ha 9-Dog. l0--Suit. ll-Us. l2--Low. l4-Lad. l5--Dry.

Johnny told his mother that the teacherhad asked the members of the classwhere they were born."surely you could answer that," she said."It was at Woman's Hospital." "Yeah, Iknow," replied Johnny, "but I didn'twant to sound like a sissy, so I said Yan-kee Stadium."

Helen LozanoffJohnstown, PA

After his first Sunday school lesson,

Johnny came home and looked in themirror for a long time. "Grandpa," heasked, crawling up in his lap, "is it truethat God made me?"

"Yes, Johnny, He did," his grandfatherassured him.

"And did he make you also?""Certainly. He made all of us, br,rt why

do you ask?""Well," he said

think He's doingdays?"

Thomas LaManceModesto, CA

slowly, "don't youa better job these

Student: What's the first lesson inChemistry?Professor: Don't lick the spoon.

Alan CellGarland, TX

Little Jimmylvas assigned a composi-tion about his origin. He questioned hismother: "Mom, where did Grandmacome from?"

"The stork brought her.""Well, where did yor,r come from?""The stork brought me.""Where did I come from?""The stork brought you too, dear."Jimmy began his composition. "There

have been no natural births in our familvfor 3 generations."

Helen LozanoffJohnstown, PA

D/D/o//

'"(tl l^",4il0''

I

\I'TNTER 1979-80 t5

l-

OLDSHE'lryAt u.

LOYArBY PHIL WAYMAN

"The only mournerof the sheepherder'spassing was a mourn-

ful collie who followeddutifully the casketall the way to the

baggage car."

u young'uns listen up now whilethis old ranger tells you a tre-mendous story. I know that when-

ever you tell a dog story, there flashesthrough everyone's mind a similar in-cident from his background that he'dlike to tell about. This story is about aloyal collie dog and comes from thesheep country of Montana.

It was way back in August of 1936,some of the old timers think, when thisbox bearing the remains of a sheepherd-er was brought out of the back countryand loaded onto a baggage car at the FortBenton railroad station. The onlymourner of the sheepherder's passingwas a mournful collie who followed duti-fully the casket all the way to the baggagecar.

The railroad men shut the gate againstthe collie and Ieft him stand on the plat-form while the train disappeared to theeast. The collie dog took up his vigil atthe station expecting to have his masterreturn at any time. The station mastertook pity on him and allowed him a placeto sleep and fed him a few scraps.

Day and night the collie listened forevery train whistle and was on hand tonose through every alighting passengerexpecting one to be his master. The newsof the loyalty of the dog, as monthstretched on month through fall, winter,spring, and summer, again was spreadabroad among railroad people. The dogbecame known as Shep since no one hadanother idea what his name was.

Old Sheps vigil kept up year after yearfor nearly \L/z years. One January morn-ing in 1942, Shep planted himself be-tween the hacks waiting for an oncomingtrain. His dulling senses and arthritispain in hisjoints caused his responses tobe too slow. The train ran over him andShep was dead.

You young'uns remember that ourRoyal Rangers Code says, "A RoyalRanger is loyal." God has often usedanimal characteristics to illustrate traitsgood for man to imitate. Jesus said to Hisfollowers in Acts 1:8, "Ye shall be wit-nesses unto me." Then He was taken upinto heaven. His disciples watched hop-ing to see Him return. An angel said,"This same Jesus shall so come in likemanner as ye have seen Him go intoheaven." Acts 1: 11.

Years have gone by and pilgrims of allages have anticipated that today a trum-pet would sound announcing His retum.Though it has not occurred, its for sure,we are nearer to it than any generation.

Poor Shep had a dead master but wehave a resurrer:ted one. What rejoicingthere will be when Jesus retums andruns His fingers through our hair andsal,s' "147"r, done, good and faithful ser-vant, enter thou into the joy of the Lord."Matthew 25:21.

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l6 HIGH ADVENTURE