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A Review of Zimbabwe's Current Domestic,
Regional and International Situation
Compiled by
Leontina Kanyowa
Organisation for Social Science
Research in Eastern and
Southern Africa
National Workshop of OSSREA Zimbabwe Chapter
A Review of Zimbabwe's Current Domestic, Regional and International Situation
Compiled by
Leontina Kanyowa
Report of National Workshop 2S July 2003
Harare, Zimbabwe
l>o,.,"<"t.",," l nlf
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C 2003 OSSREA
OSSREA acknowledges the support of Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (Sida/SAR£C). Ford Foundation. Norv.egian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD). The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign AlTairs. and International Dcvclopmen.t Research Centre (IDRC).
All rights reserved. rubhsh~d 2003 Printed in J::thioPl3
Copyediting. Sam"e/ Tesjanndwel rc,>;t layouts' Erulpm £l1ged"
Organisation for Stx:ial Science Research in Eastern and Southern AfricJ PO. Bo~ 3 I 971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Fax: 25\-\-551399 E-mail,ossrea§telecom.netct
Conlrnl'
l. Introduct ion
2. Open;,,\: H.markJ;
J.
5
Su m mary or I'ape'" I'...".nlcd
4.1 I,mbab"c·~ CUmn! Dorm-5lie Poli1le31 SilUallon .~ Ifllllg'll'·
1.2 'co·l. ibcml Kesl"" lunng ," 'I Im babwc Lessons from th e e ll l lean bp<:r icttcc. \ 97)· 1989
If (" !!"Ii,,,,,,,,,
4 3 RamhQl J/"/c",/u,,.1i." 7,mbab .... e's Relallons wilh the International COmIl1ll1111)
'- .<;.x-hil um,
limbab,,~ and .he InlCrt,allonal Commu niTy L . r Kap ,,,,/!:t'
Clo.in~ Rrmark..
\ "\""\"l.X I: \\ o rkJ;h nl' I' rogra,n",.
, 7
7
" 17
21
II
27
"
L INTROOCCTIO"
n", Z,mbah,w <:hlll'l~r (O(11te Or~anisali"n for Soci.1 Sc,ence Relurch ;n Ea't~rn Rnd Southenl "'fr ;"" (O~SIU:A ) held il s a""ual nJllona l \\nr~ s hop on 25~ Jill y :003 n! Ihe Hol ida)' In n, In Hnmre The thcm<:: of Ihe workshop "<15: II R~nt .... "/7.i,,,lmb,.,t '\ C UTffm {h'nId/i •. R~~'(}'U11 urnl Im .. rn<J{Jon,,/ SJlIk1IJ(m Aboul 42 panicip.'nls from Ihc lICadc:mla, c,,'il s<'''',el~ and '\GOs 1Ilttll,kd th~ one·d.) "or~sh(lp, In all. four mal!' p.tpcr, "ere I"C~cnt " d. rhe pHp<:'; genera l • ..! hcated debale. in •• n dTun 10 come up " ilh viab le and , ,, ,fa in ed 5O Iufio", to the current crisj~ on bmb.atmc
2. Orli\T';G REMARKS
In'' h l ~ <Jpcning remark>. Mr \Ia ,\"'ug,,,~. in his •• pac ity a, '\CUIlS I.w,,'" Officer. e~l"ndcd "arm ".leolne 10 panoclpanls of the 10"' QSSREA Z"nb;ob"e (haplcr Annual '\nl i(lfL8.1 \\or'bhnp lie .~lendcd pani"ular "arm welcome 10 the p;!nlcipant~ from the Pro"ineial Chapler>. narncl} Mas" lng(). MiI,honaland (tntral and M"nlca land , Mr, MaslmllgUle a1.n rc~ol!l1i1.ed the p/cse!lcc of Ihe im medIate paSt PresidCfi( of OSSREA. Dr I'angeti. "ho has pla~ed a major role in OSSREA b~ being the 1i",1 "omen Pre~:dcnl Afie. Ih~sc rem:u ~~. Ille I"'",",pants muoduccd lltem",hc,
M, t\.'I", un"8 u1 c c.\p lalllcd lil" t OSSKh\ '"'' fOLJn ded Ln 1980 in I':lhiop ia and Ihal ilS h~adqua"~rs I~ Situated al lhe Addis Ahaba Lni"ersil~ campus_ l Ie funher poinled out !hat OSSREA has ac ti' e '\ali(lnal Chap!c~ ru n by l,a,son Otliccr; In 14 c<)tlnlric • . includI ng South Afllca. "h,ch , ~ Ihe loungc'! rTl em~r. ha"mg JOlllcd th e organi?;!t ion in Octo l>er 2002 ) 10 11 evcr. il< nlA nd ate ~O ' crs 21 counlri c< , 'km~rship 10 (lSSRr,\ i; open 10 indi"idual<, p,,~ale org"nI<;llion' 100 gO\ernmCnl Bgcncics ~n~ag<'d In social ""cnee rcsc.",h
Tire I>Ir Ma!uII('gure I'ulhncJ Ihe malll Objecl;\CS nf OSS RI:.A A~ fol k",,,
I ~
, ____ ,""" .. "'.1 ~ f 7imllab .. ·• ",'",no l \\o~
10 e"courag" nral prc)m,'!~ ,"1"r~ ~1 It! Ihe ,r udy of aud .c'careh in the social <tience~ in b"tcm ~nd S,lulhcm Africa;
" ro prtlmme coliaOOrall\e n:w~",h and fa<:iliLale o;cholarJ)' t..'\change of ideas and pubhCIIl1on~ hoe"'ttn ind,v,dUllls alld insl,IUli<>ns engaged on the M"d~ of and re",,;m:h In the $<Klal ~Ie"ce"
'" To promote the lra ' '' ' ''g of African scholars in th e , hl dy of and ,,,,,,,arch in Ihe SQ<;i., ", i coc~ a~d encourn);c the ".Tahl r 'hm~nt of on,',lulions dedIcated 10 th I~ goal.
IV fa work ,n cI(\~e coopeTll.1ion ",,[II other ind"'jduals ~nd
m51i1UlioM in Afrlc. and cl.,c" he.e on Ihe "orld cng.ogcd in lhe ~Iud~· of 1h" s<x,al SCIence"
v To c~t abli<h a ,p.:",~ 1 r""d In he uled for lh~ pu r po~, of I'ro\'id ing .u~h rcs<:~rch gran!, and tra in"'g fc llo,,"sli ip$ "'h,ell are ronsistcm "'lIh ;,. obJ«t,ve~; altd
" To promote dialogue and ,nttra<tion between soc;al \oCitnt'Sts and poliCl·ma~cn in Ea<tcm and \outhtm Africa" ith a ~it" ID enhanelO!:: Ih~ illlract 01 wc",1 ~,cncc ,.",arch on po1i~).
ma~ing arid d.'cI"pm~ nl pla rl ",ng
I'anic,p~nts wen: al<;(l III formcd what acm'ti.~ USS REA Z"Tlba l)\H Ch~pt~, i. i,,\,ol ... d in These include'
A. OSSREA Informatio n I>i .. cm ; n ~tion
OSSREA pro"ide, Opportunil,e< fn' !<>Cial scICm;.D. 10 ul\l.lcna~. resean;h through COnlp"tllt'C ~,anl<. "hkh an: publicised through ilS pro,' ,nc,.1 cha ptcrs. The a"a rd< and )!,ranl' vrrcn:d ~rc:
The Social ScicIlccs Rc",arch A"'~rd Th" "ward is <Ire" 10 all interested pcl'Wfll, ,ncluding gov.mm~nt and N{;() pcrnmncl, notju~t Ln"crs't) of l,mbab". M<.3demic...:
A rt' it .. Df Zimb. t" ... , carr.n' ,,,,,,,," n
" The Gender I '.,ue, Rcs~an:h 1\ "-ard T" ~<.Impe'. for lhi~ I" 3rd, male applicants «I,,,,,ld h,.ld ~ m;mmuon "f a Ma,ltr'S degree. "h,I" a Ii", de~,e.:''' 'ufii"'~'1! ror "<",I'en, The ralion~le i~ 10 c ,, ~,,"r;'l>c ''''''' 011 I~ d" re,"""h ,n "r(;'S or illlel"<,!:
'" I he '>.,,'''' Schola" 1I.~",.Hdl Grnnl I hi, "a nf" grant rhe '-~g'oll ha' !><:c" '''''''!: I"<1,,"al">k "1I,,la" 311d, lh~rdilre. 111. aim ,'flb i, ~""11 i, I.' ' oop tbc'c ~"bolar, ,,,,h;n Ih~ r.S"'". a., Illey ".., a '><;al"<c re)(\\"cc L,mh.1 In'. has managed to ",n Ih,s ,el) cllmpo1l11\ c gram and
iI I he \lcth(Xlolog) T""n Ill." W ",l<,h"I" II ;,;m " to "'eel r<:>e",~ h melllOdol"g) Ir.iniul:\ ne,'J,
Tk ~ranllng ".- 11",..., a"~rd, ,lI\d I"""" to /,mbab"u"s h .. heen n<'la~lc 111 200 1 ~",I :OO~. ' ''-0 lmlhah"ca", in each <Jrthe re' IIo.'Clilc yea" "tre ""arded th~ \,><;ial "cl<'n~c Rf~3rch Award Th .. Gender Is~u", 1(e>C311;h '\":lrd and Ihe "~I1,,'r SchoI3" Research Grants "en: also a"drd~d 1<' 7110b3h"c,,"' III (he ~cars :001 and ~OO1, ['he \ \eth.,d"lug) I mllllllg \\ <' t _,h,,1' Iw, Il·cw>u. PUllul. r 0' cr Ihe ) tars In 2001, one p"",<ipall1 ('<Jm liml>:lbwc allclI<kd Ihe "<"~<h{>p anJ In
200~ thIS nUIIIl;>cr "cnt up tu N<' III oJJ .. ;o" 1" the award of grant. alld ""ard., r,,~ lit1Lt>;,b"e~ " , al1,'nJ~J the ," OS'>R[A Con!lrc~, In S"d"n if1 2()1)~
1'3",o'I'"nb "ere Informed lhat the . 'u,"'" OUice abo d;,scm,nate<; O"~RI.-\ ,"f""I,,111<Jfl <Jr, ",,,,,,,. ac("it ,". D'id ""rren\ ;" u e~ Iu It s I1'C rtlt><:", lh".",~ emai l ~(\J 1\"1," " ~. Ihn)lIg.h email. membcn ha.e recei..-J mrO,mall<)1l 00 Ihe 200- lrnin ing In ;\OC;al science melhodolog} "OI~~I"'r !O I>c held In .,\ddi,\hab., from I j' . 24- Oclnh<:r ~OO) \1embcrs have alw received 1I,f"I'1 '1"' i01l ul1 the Sell;"r SdH" IIIr' Re""ar"h G,anl for :00, ,md Ihe dudl,"e r"r \ubm;nin8 "ppl;,al,oll.' ;S jl~ Jul~ 200J
II. Gudu:u,' '>ludc~ IS U:'A~ Lomp~lilion
,'n,'lh,·, O<.;<.;IU· \ lm''>.,h"c ( '1'1", ""U'1' I rilr ~r~oo",. stud~m, c,'~\ ~,'mpclOI I. '''. ,,~,d, i, "", ~",.~ ~e.,' 1 h.- r,,,, rrtl,· i, 1 <.;5: 5U,Ol). ,",',,,,J rn/e I ~~j(lrlnr)_ ,J II", II",;! I",j" 1 ~~iO (I()
C. 7.;",bab\\~ I nl"r~"liOlml [J",," Fail'
O<.;SRL:\ ;I""b"bllc Cilaple, h'b r:1<'I ILtat e<i Ihe ni1lb"""1 (.!'OSSR )·.,\ 1'"blle"I"'I" nr Ill e ;I""bab,,,, h'I"''''''1OI"d H, ... \~ F,,,, rhc /), .... ''''''·,11''1;,1, I \c,'tJl"" ~""Cr,U' and "lh,,, 1"''''''1',1",-1 1"'110 OS'O,Rf..\ H"'htq'~"!e,, "Ir-c"d lI.c II\~," I·;
Il . l' r<o\1~d,,1 ( 1 •• "1<, ....
h' ,··de. In "" ... C~~'>IU-·\ /'n,b;,h"~ l"lI.lprc' 1Il<'.e ,,'IO<'Ilal and '~I"~w''''''''e. 1'1, ,_n,' ",den'." h' ,,,I 'I' p""iIK,.,1 dal'l~" I all pro" "c'
r. 'l~"'h,'r.h'" II.",· I)'>"~I \ /",,~~I',,<- ( ""I'I~r I~" ,·",h"rt.,c,1 "1l I '" 'm"""': 'I' elme
III ber "~}Ih\tc a.!(lrc". D,. i'a"!'.dl ,talC,1 11, .11 , be \\," "apI" W lx.: In'Llcd h> the II "rl.,h"r " 'IJ ;lIdicateJ that ,h" \\",, 1,1 ""~ 1« ""min"" ""f~ "'" \\ il" n~ ""(1 \ 11, ~"r e,'r,,-il' "' a h. .... ·I.'n,c rc<,,~r~hc,
In h"r pre",I1I.,'''''' c,,,ill"d .j R,',.- .. " .-,/ /o,,/l,,/''' t • (",I'r"1/1 (J"",<",ic
R"<t"'''''/ ",," ,,,, .. mall,,,,,,, ~"""m,"'. Dr I'~"~~CI ",dl~"tcd thaI 7"'IIuI",c i. 'I!n'~ Ih"''''f!h" d,fI'~ull lin'" Judkd b, bUlh ,nlernal ~nd Inlem3th'lIai ~""'S and that /im!'ab""an. h~'~ "'J~C<l and "",~d that ca~h P;""lIl1lT1U1llh ",~,b Ih.' ~,"" v, lh~ .I''''a~ "f lhc <fl"'~ .• he, \\hl~h reork c.'" l.x'~ In," ... J 10' "'n,, I~"'l"c ,Ie,,,, , .. "'~nt, H''"~'''r_ Ihis "3S ~I"dlll~ til, ""'-rl,, of /,mha!>""
, Dr 1'3n~dl t'.,lical~J 111", ,he 1'''<''1'",1<:'' (he {h~,"~ <,t lhc ",)ri.,h<,p 10 m"~" 11"'~,n~ ,II I h,- ,'"u,,'n -, d","",[." I'" '~Iem' a, (>lie "de In tile ,"''). "",I 1"", ,"): Dl ! iI ~ co" ",r}', (Iorn,"u" rr.,bkm, '"Iii III Ih~ '08"",31 aud onlcmau"nal C'''''''~IS a, the ",I"" ,,,Ie II", \\.1< in ''''\\ (>! the ,",'elhlng Inlcrdc[lCn.Jcn .. c ~"";,,Il! on h~ 11 ... nl'U (;I"I:>;,Io""I;on and I(~~"",ali'm H"'''ri~all). /i",h.lb"c hJ< Ji(m"cJ 1><,(11 regiOftal and ,nl"I1u\"""d "I\~nl,,'n. , I; ,rt' '' y th'''' (i,,- ",1,,,,,,,1 1"''1'><.1 J"u,I'''''''\\;'Ml I,h.",' c"I"" ' :llIv "Ii~ r II", I :Ill ;" ,,1 .otte' I,,~rl a, Ih<" ",,""I') 1"'-', nd"c r~f! I I~,th f~~,,,,,,'1 an.! ''''e(l ."""",1 ;,llai"
lid,'''' J\\el1"," ,'1\ th~ nC~31 "", Ihe !,(,'>emcr \I as "r the, Ie" thai 11 ,,2, "nh r;,,, (n _':111 hj 't<~n""kd)l.'U~ Ih," ,~" jl(",Il\C .Hld .. ",ad~ If' the !ir:,l dec'u(l~ "I I "d"jl~ n ,ktl,c tI, th~ """ tal. p<1l i Tt~al anJ e'l)Ccial ly C""t1<'""" li~h!, DLJ''''e th" d,,,,,,Jc ,'I "~,"I"l'mCnl '" limbah"c, tlo" '>CcII, "I I"',,,c p,,,I'k,,,, '''"ft' "'''n Ihe p",,,,",er 'luc.l,vned Ihe ,,,I"".!"~"I .000"I',i,'''''1 I 'i.\I'."., me:"" ,.1 "d"re",,,~ Ihe ecunom'c r,,'hl~"l> ',ml'\,I"," I"" h<:~ "'''''' ~ (" L,ec .\1 (hal time. iI' 'p ,le "I' lht prc,enc,· <If d,,,. llm~ " k(1 '" "Ie", C' ,.1 ,t , nC~Jtl\'C i"' I)",,1
'\lIh",,~h aU -c';h'r< "f ~",id~ .,,~n,"'led~c Ih"llhc (,)Unlr), " on deep ",i,,,_ fl" n,"" ,eem, ~h!~ 1<>,k. ""'thm,; ah<>ut ,t In,, problems rac,ng th,' ,-",,,,,,~ (,'" be ,u",,,, ;,,,,~d .l' '~""(l> h''I",,,nllnll,'" ~~game ,,""I ,,)1e",," r.",'" 1,"c'gJl "",ea", ,r,"fi""'·" "" ''''i;'''i3hie IC 'cl, " I b.,lh d,'me ,l,,, ,,,,d c\tc"",1 <1,·bl. ILld ,'""I.,!.!",, I"'"r IIc"lth c""d;t",", lind ~cn<,al ,'r"th~ In adJ,I .. '''. Ihe d.-",n" ,)1 manura..1Unn!! ",du,me, Ion "'W ItN III 1<", "r P'OOUCII\ ~ "'p.', 'l~ _ 1<\01\, and np<'"' The agncuhurnl ,,,.I,,>,~ h3, ai,,, ;ufl'"n:d hom 110<, ,,,mh ",,<I ""pact <)1' land ",f",m, pON """,I",, wnJ'l in", ""d lh~ 1;,11 '" "" " "I1 <><.I it' pri,c' ,It, lhe i'''c''',,(\ i()Il~1
1l',1t~d Th,· III<J,'"'''' I"" Ix",,, ",~, k ,,,' f>e h~ the i"'rao:t or IllY \105
','I '"I~ h .. !herc [,.,c" ., "' . .,." J~d",c tn Il>c human de'clupmenl ",<In_ but 'I'~rc i, ai", ;I dear ",d,e,1I,," that Ill<'S' "~,""'mi c .. mOl,,', n,m \,1~C pL"" on \h~ itll ll,m,,1 '~'\"r ,It tlie paralle l ma'~~t Thc ~'u' '1 1<' on the I'M" lie' m"r~ct it", c ~rc"tcd """ "mnCT' and I"",r, ~ nd
I
'Im~.>< 1""UOJUl ~ql J,el"H " ."'nJ~
01 tI,,,,",,,, n 11I1,,",n J" <J~S IlVp J~I '"<.>IIt "'~IIIUJ.'O~ .)41 P"""'lne~ P"'( ;xI,,",II I ll> l~I~IUIL \ MWJO) IC'l1 ,,'nl "'I' 1110<1" ,,,,.dnlUoo pru'(u~J ]uVtll~".II~L )'''I'''IIe ·'11"..t "'I' '" r"I"l-'li u:\Jrl'4~ 1lJ'L' lJljr '''''1 0] ~Iq~ ~n41 "JI' r<'~ "",'p,,>lllWQ' "'VIJJ~ II ..... '«'II u"" '~4"""'lC':"<l u~lU,'" JOJ '~Hlunuoddo P->lc:)J.J ~~4 JU):KI_ ."-\1 ·.p14 ;>JE 1"1J"W 1·'IIF .. ",d "41 ,IQ ~~ Jl' ~~JlJd .41 '1i1oo411~ le'l' 11,,,,,,,1,) "'I' J" ~~" III~dl ~Iucd J)III""\
,J1JUlU ICLllJI'I'" "I' '" 110 <jX>I)'iI"iUl1lnd .JC 1~4] JO].';'~ IUUW)I '''I' II ' 'IJ";xI,, If I~4 1 ~"IJ~rl""'J ',~", ,,,~,, " '''1' liIJ ""op ,0<'1 <>1 ~I" " IU'" r"" <"JPI 'Jl".~'\PI) ... .,"11 10):>'" l~n"",II" "III II",' PI"(>II' ~" f'''II~II'' r~,<n "4~ J;\'~'" 1"' ''.11'1 J4) ","'ld)1 01 III ,w,,~ ""'1''''1' ,~,I""'" "'''' ~JU ·'jJ411~1(l r'''' '"''!I''' :>11' P;>1'tl '~4 J"'J~' 1~Il1JO) .41 '"'I' 1"'''''1'''' ')~~"~.! J(1 "",,,.d,.>J "I
~Jmnl ~41"".l U4 ~14L <uOllt~'ldu" 1~4" P"~ "IUOOO» 341 .I" Ued '. p-">,d:,,~~ pilt P3L!u'iiIl~;U 11111,"l "",, ,~" lJ't-'UUI V~I<l34' 'q;>J"'I" U!<l~ ",ihl"'J",1 ~ "0" se" 3J~1I1 J~41'''I'' ''''''~ 0, r,'III'~" ',.H.H\()'I 'w,,,j",utd )41 " " ,, ' l1""qJ~I'" pJ>l~j II 1"41 puu ~,"<I'''' ~Ii" iJ (>II ",""'JJd ,.,p11\1r" 'J(I I"4 ' r~I'''' I\''! '''t('' ~ 'l.Itd V
«,. PI'\' J,,,,, ,,' >L ,'.! "tu",[ 'J II U() ~JU(I PJJ.1
;)JIll"J J~~" ("" ~41 II, ,uOI"'I'" 15,, 'P"U "' dl~4 Iuw \31l)lu'IllI< 'P''''''' J('< "OIJ3. )4~(J 341 '" J311!J 1'1"01\ ,UtllllU;><j'I.P J41)0 .lln~;n ~41 111'41 1,:)dl''I ~~," I' pur 'III""'U.><I l<OW <e" d"4' ,JO" J'lIJO ;)IL'~41 ~41 It'll s~;>u~lIt4~ JO ,;,,,,, ""~lqOJd "'~41)0 III~II Ul ,t" II ' .... "PJ:>Ill 'J!IOO \JtI300W ~'!"·'.I1" u~ ~~~Id III Ind "1 ~"«.'1It"/ )" ,UCij ,'\J:><~~ ~'LIJO ~JnI't.1 pu ~ ",qq"'''U~ld"" III '''''~u,r,'" ,'I "'I' P~I' ~) JU,I ", .H<'II (<l "tiJ\~ ) 3U"U CJ~''' d (,'''('<~~l! '''UO''''~'I wn"'('"'II'I~ ~lil 'l ~ t"JJ4 1 "UJlquid 'UJ,JJ"~ J'I' ~'IU' <" <UUJP 'UJ""U""'~)
" "JI'J:>.J ~""O"U~~ '" ,UJIUI ' '''' '' ')·' 1~~"'I od """J~ ;0.1 p~'U "1' "·'";)11 'P",,3P 'II snlj d~~ '''leIl1:>3ul 341
doq..,Jo .... I.~O" .... h.q~w'zjoi>OdJ!:I ---- •
A •• ,it,,· of Z,mb"b"~!-"u_'_'_.n( jO!u .lion _ _ _ ________ ,'--',
1\ p<lr\,cipa nT \\a 'llcd (0 k1lo ,," \\ It" hrr t h ~ rWoom k trisis was due It') the CUIT~n1 potiticol ""la.i1.;)lIon. III "'$pon",. the pr."'"ter indicted thaI the probl.."" "ere mu 1I ,-f"~cl~d ""d that i',!I~""," "," wa5 only one 8Spe<.:t o f
" ~ .l Zl",bab"e', Curro n' I><l .. "",k Politica l SiluRlion
1\1, lhrng"e') pfc,~n1nl'OM nrl"'"d 7 1 n1b,lb".·~ ClJrrcnl pol it Ica l "tum i"n lO bJ'" ekll1Cnl< to.- "t;'(")!ic polo (i~al di","".ltl for lhe counl') The conte,l dtlle raper "" Iw,<k<l by Ih~ol)" I "hiel\ consist< of fo ur phase« rhe!oC ph.al<l:S III relation 1<1 l,ml>a!no.e art .. folio".,
I'has<: I London-liar",.. d;"I,'g"c II al1rn"~ prchnunar) allcntion. bul i, a "c~~ ~'f1It(jI.>
rh.1,;e II \\ 3,hin~"'" prc"ul\'"' 1."ndon·l'rct.,nJ di31(lgue. hilI ag~in th i, I, a ""a~ «ratejl.)
l'h3s.: III V.a~hmgto" deSC<.;nd, l,hy,;eally "" l'fctoro8 Often ch'")(e is effected through lh" ~Ir-~I~I\)
Ph~<c IV: Thl~ COIISl illltcs dir<:ct ,,, ,rita,y nell"n "" Harare Tllis i> nol t~.b,bfe
Haled ,II' fhi, t""or~. It "3S tbe I"c>~"'cr's ,<lntcntion th~' fundatll<;ntat change, nn Iinrar<: "ill ha \'~ I" d,' 1\ ,til the fl", h ",11 10 i'reloria Ther. IS a political ~talcntate b<:1\\e..'n litllbab"c's I"" major poliliull"'nic,. ZAN\; (1'1') and \IOC. "nd IhlS to"", the centrepiece of tile crisis in the counlI) [ h,s ,t.l.mate is nol .u,'a'nable a~ inter-part> di~IOI:u •. ',hich re,"am~ 'he only rnloS1;~ Opt lO" (or breaking the polili"" dc.dlod In IIddilion. inlcr·p.l"\ dialogue ha. <crlOU~ ImphcallOflS For fh. 'ucc.s,ion debate. CO",I IIUl i<>""1 reFor", d'lco ur", ;tnd flit pro<ptcti" 2005 I'rt,idcn,ial and 1'3J1'~ntM) .. ,,",,11011, Il(llh \-11)(" an,J 7ANl: (PH
I r
'--an:: 1011" '''"nlne r", i!H.'rnal ,eI,""" and Ih;II d 'he currcni polilKAI (r[51> '" 1,mhal>" ... " 10 he 1~,,,h~..J. ",me <lcJIO'". ''''''~'''''H''' 300 ".'~Ic,,,,,,n" h~c I.;~J~", 1,a,~ h' em"..,,, Ill'''' ""hln Ihe h'" Il<llnical p-,rnc< I" aJ,h,,,,,,, dnmost" ,.,·"""II.,"d inlcr"al"",~1 p,,,,,un:, 51>0ul<l f(><;,,, lin "'f,,,",, '<Un", bol h pa tt '",
r""hc"non:. ,he p,c<emer In,(i.;" .. -,111131 /,mN,II"" II«d~d to brc"~ Ihe Ira.!" ,,,n of ha, ,,,_ une .1""""'111 1 .. 'hllc"II"'''~ It th,s " .. re '" C(\lIunuc. Ihe \""J"II~ ",)(J 1,1 ,10",,1>1.- I h 'Il', '''',' I"" ",cal ",.il 1,\ anOlhor ~'<"I) ''',. de<.~dc, In a _",,,.lll,>n >Ie", " .. " 1'''lm~"1 p.!rI) ~"h",~ i, J"","',IIl'. rhe ,IM lI , 'I"" " ",,,",,,II~ dla,""e,"cd II; r~'l i\ "'"1 ,wier"", r><>iil i,a l 1I1Iol."'nc~ 1'<,1010011 dcc", 1"lilie, '" ,o,d",;"". I"' llI i,', of mar~",al"all"n, p.1Ir"" -d,c"",,,,. '''''ml "'"IL",I"~~' 5(>c.al ,'''fr''I'''''" and "", .. I"gical Nn~rupl"~ Ill<: 1'fC~~nIC' cmphaow,d Ihal. ,,,deed. ,h"ul,III,~ \!lX' ,,"'" d C,I\Cfl1",.1I1 '" Ihe IUI",,·_ Ihere ,,,I] at". be n..,d rot! :\Il "PI"hll;"" p;lm 1<','",,,,,- :),.11 il rn:nelll, r",,,,, 'Ir" "~ dn<.l _"ric .• ' ,1I.td"" ~O\erll"tC l lt
H."iu~ _'uolill,d the at>..',~ ",:n.II,<', \1r. !l"n~",· 1'<"meJ {\ul Ih~1 Ihe \!IX r.,n·~.1 ",,,,,1.,,,,,( ,-hallc""c,,' II "1<' filII) Ira,,,llm" "",11 ,10", a rna .. ",,,,cone"( 1111<. a fulh-!ltJ~,,' pohlical pan) In ,,,-d~r '" d" !h ... lh~ ..... ,ore ~ nu",,,",, "I' ,!ra'e~ic. ,," \Int - need, \(I ,,,1,.1'1. ;"dudtn~
• The \U)( IIeed, I,' d.'(;"e and anoeLlld'e " doar Id~'{>I"~"al
(rn""',,,,,L 1,',1" II", 'he \ l lX' h." I" dJdrt,,, a """,I.e, of In(cm~1 """,rad'~I"'"'' ""mcl~ "ICC Ihld"~ " "hilc). da>s <lal>..", " capl!all. ClI'",",!} I'dcb..-k " "h.'na). rc~"",al I \ ""l>Cltlan<.l '> ",he,,), ",Ie Ilcclu~1 Ill" >~rs ':\, olh<,,) and C<''' 'lIhJCnl l"C",\ \ s 1(' III)
• nil" \11)( "n~l, I,' !>u,IJ ," InM~" Alld dC'lfI') Ihc 'I"t,<,,, lIu", I'~ /·\'l' II'~I a,,(! <'Iher. (10.11,1" ~ IIc'!em·,!,,'''''''c':! "hil~
d"'~n im""flah,[ pan" "'fI'''', m~mhc'r-h'p dmc in rut al ar,-a,
" """e''''I}
~- .. ' • n,~ \lLX.: n.".:1- I,· In,' '''"I.,nali.c It' ''JlC'"110''' and d<"Si'l f"~n
the ",/ h",- 3pproa~h,,, I",htle," I"" Ilr~c1} nWnl~",,,d '" tilr H; c\ "knc<'d h) 111. m~" ;!CI"' I1 ·' "'li l1.,1 pu,h"' <I'.I~tl}
\1' Hung"'" ""inled ""I II"" "' ,p"le of Ih. n~cd 10 adopl IlIe<e '1r~lc~ic,. there "'RS no d"uhl 11-.,,1 the \1[l(" "ould be ~ peml."ln~"'1 fcawre ,.r I,m~~h",c's 1'''101o,.I'er:,,,,, lie .,1,,· st.lled '!"'I L\I\I, (f'!) i'ls" lace, " IIumk, "r d,,"lk ', ~c, ~c"' " d Ihe ,'uftCI1I Ic"Jcr,II ,p. ",eI ltJ on:,\
• 71\NU O'F) might dlsiol~,,-3!C in lhe p<'>I·\h~1>c CIlI. .nd lh31
the JWI) "ould "'~cl the 5JJl\c fate d, h:~""c!h "aun,L,', L '"' /."1 (pn mlghl ~<> liIe L:-'II ' ""} be.:.u'c the ;mmed,a,e Li""n"','IlCb 1><:1,,,'C II Ihe' I"" 1"lrtLe, 'He 5,,1\;13, bmh ha,e ~e" .l""''''',I,'J b) 1~""'rf"1 i.:"Jc" aoo bolh h3'" I>cCII "hJII,'n~cJ h, Ir~ok·un;"" b."cd i'PI'"''''I<'" panIc, IF l "IP j, .• n ""Llnpk h. \!<J 11). (i'e',· " A 1i~<li""''<l of 11,..,c J"Iflic> bc",S
red",cd 10 m"""u) "I'r""'''''' pM'''',
• / .. \'1 0'1-', IICC.I, \( add"", Ihe '''U" 01 f.cll(\"alj,," in almnst all Ih 1"'1011<.1 fIr'"~ ",,-,.,.
• 7""L (1'1'1 "cc,l> ~ ''''''',ILI(",nll IC"C" I"d '''",'~'''On me .... h.,,"'m'
\\ 1,,1., a f'O,,"bk disimr!l-,ali, ,,1 .fA'! j 11'1' ) ,n10 lit'" mcial'n::,\,,'nal pochls In! t>} pn.l\,nc .. 1 '''lrI"" S IS a ",,~,i .. tlil~_ LA 'It' Il'n mIl/hi re_ ,m3~. Ihelf ~nJ 'cju'cnalc ,"elt ill lime 'n Win the 1005 cle.;l"'o~ L.A"l: (pr, " ,till n'''~''.') rur future r"lilic31 ,1.hllil) io / 1Il1o,lbwe anJ ':'" emJtlce "'0" Id ,h.f tl.lle 1",,1 " crO "II K and 1./\ N U !l'n Ihrough lree dnJ rJlr .Iectlon" similal ,,, lha\ C.\i"XflcllecJ in Ihe lIS,\ nnd lhe
" As a "a~ r",,,,,,d. thr", j, 11,);"11' "cell f,., I_A'\ (PF) and \If)( 10 cng~sc illl",lil ,,,.11 dialogue. \l1 " ~I'\'i,e /j",h.lb"r \\ (luld be plunged ""(> InIal ~nao ..... ilhin lite nnt I: 'WillI!, lhe !c.der> in the 1>'0 pat1ic'
I •
" need [(1 ris" aho.,,~ pan~ 1",1",,,, _,.,,1 "mt>nk:c ,he nallonal agenda. Ihu, bt.":<>1'''''!; tnle .talesmen h. 11Il" CHili Ih,( Illere I~ • Irans;lIonal ~oHrr""c"l in /j",bab"c. ,10" ,h.,,,ld nm marl. the demise Qf,he h,o m.",1' 1~\Ii"cal [1.1"'('<. I'IUI '"Ih", "' ''1'llOrh'',il~ «,. ",)IiIK~I"",-b,"h -'_ ~~u'" .. Lr~nSIl,()nal ~'''tmn,e,,\ " cnl,.~1 f." '-"3hlo,h'ng !TI.lnopoli'i<O.11 .'abilil~ tn .he ~'''''>Ir~ ,,!1<1 r ..... defining Ihe rule. tOr future poilu cal en!l3~c",c,,' bc.-,\\ een Ih,' \!lX' and 7 A "Ii (PF).
n", I"C,","IN re-i,era'cd 'he ,,,, .... 1 fvr !,hal,'guc be,,,«" the 'IIX: and /..A'-l {rF): m,elnall,mal an.! "'j:,,,nal pr~"urc I) crlileal b.. ... au'" do""".",, pohhc.1 f"n", hI'" Ic~"hc.l a ""kma[" Pre10ria in ~"",,,h.II"~1 \\Ilh \\'"''''';.'1<''' "'1.10,1 t~c,I'I,'I" (hi, di~l~ue. "h,eh "ill lead Ihe <"linin 10 'he !>all", "rIO'''' J, "I'f"",:.1 ". ,he bulle, op,i"" Th~.d"r~. lh~ fu,ure "f /"nh3hw~ "",, I,c< ",the hall.h ,.flil<: \HX· and LAl\L (I'F) lcadcr.;hip
4.1. 1 /);,eu ,'·5aJU·. Rc",,,,A,
Th~ d, ... ",,,,n'. \1~ f,. uch~nl. "I~n"fie'l ~ ,,,,,,,bc. of issues she fdl n~cdcd d".,(";c"Ioun
• Wh." """"t",c , Ihe /rr"hahw," current polil ica l dOIll"" ' ~
,,1".)'1('" ncc<bl t(ln il c, cI"lx>r;'i>"" by I"ghlighti"~ the ",o",i'es,all"n, elf the < IHr ~1I0 " !>e1l!!I. rdcrrc.1 to 0". of Ihe mJ",fc>,"t",n~ i. the f"rt"",,,,,, "I' Ihe MIX·. "hid' I,"~ oce t! dc,cr il><d ill """e 4'1i,,10" '" heill!; "",I,·,,, fund,·d
• I'he no ,,"e 01':000. " I"" " has been uescrir..:d os ci',l '-Oc let)
c'"'''p;''llnmg ag.III" la"J 'cdimiblllll'lI. nceded to be d i,c,,,,",1.
• Vinlenc. a~3m<1 poonplc .",.1 ,he ... ,1,' oflhe medi., in hij;hligh'ing theS<' "n .. lOn~ n«de;! In be brou~hl 10 Ihe rOtc II "a, .1<0 "nr<'r1'"' to PO"" (>Ill Ihal ,I,,· ""Ict1<.C h;wl a ra~,al and ~elldN dim~",ion 10 il,n Ihal ",IHle< .. ~re ~dk-d and ... 'men '~I"',I
" • The intimi.o.blion and ~iolence that CIwlCIeJ1zed the lasl
p.ullamentary and prt'S,denlial ciecllonS 1150 needed 10 be hlghlighled. II "'~~ al!Kt imponant 10 nOle bo", ci~il sociely reacted 10 Ihis thl"Qugh mass aellOn and food riO's and how Ihe 1I0\"ernmenl responded.
• The reSpolise of Ihe eXlemal community Ihrough SMART sanctions alld dono, wilhdrnwal ha~ cOll lribUI~d 10 the crisis in ZiOlb~bw. Ther. was "ted ttl point out tllal what naMed as a politIcal cri.is h •• culmlllated IMtO ..:onomic problems.
• There was nl"ed 10 record lh. reactions of certain OI"pniulions such as Amani Trust, Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace and 1M Crisis Co;oli!ion.
• WhLlSl the prescnler had made referellCe to enter·party dialogue. there w'as need for di.-e.,;i!) u there IS need fOf more playe" on th. polillul scene Caullon should be ex.rci~d in tru<ling we~tern models of democracy,
According 10 the d,scussant, on~ of the lOlutions to the crisis in Zimbabw'c I ies in the formatIon of II transitional go"emmenl. However, there is need 10 be clear about who will involved, what th. Slake. ""'. how politica l intolerance wil l be removed and how transition will be po55ib l. in the wake of violence. A Truth Md Reconciliation CommISsion (TRC) could be a solu l ion to lOme of lhc .. 'Iucslions. Ilo,",c' cr, there is need for openllCss, transparency and Iccounlabilily I. I way f~ard The challenge to all limblLb .... eans W'U to participale d"ecd) or indll'«lly in shaping tM pot itial fuTure of the country,
1,1,] D/sc"uio"
One paniCIp;lnl said thai she found the paper inleresllng bUI allO indicaled !hit she was not comincc-d Ihal Zimbab ..... e should promote externally indUCed r~~im. chMge, ralher the Country should COJlsider adopting dCmlX:rllic ~sses lhal are home-grOWl!, The participanl
" r"r1h~t "~nt on to statt that II .... as her \Ie" Iha\ the MIX: and ZANU (PF) Ire thc cQImC "de of the WIn because MIX: (h3racl~~ are products of ZAI\U (PI) and thaI Ihc) sccm 10 be IO(IfC ;mc~'I~d ,n \lCoring poin1s than dealing" ,til n31;<>lIal i~sues
Til e patl," ipam Also "'cnt to aliuJ" 10 Ihc role uf l\C.dcmiCJ·'rucarcncrs in facilnatmg change ,,, 7;mb~h"~ Academics arc good nl diggi"S "I' ,"formatIon. and anaIY~I"g 3tl d prc"", ,n ing;1 ~hc f~h thai acaden"" d" not ma~e good pol iticians_ f ile} j uSt li~e a'g."e and rarely ncce pt OP1)()'II'g upitliun~ beca",c lhc~' IIdOI tu SCure PUill!,
0" lh~ ;,s"c of potenllal anarch, In Lilllbab'H, the p""""p"nl fdllhal coUzenS 01 Ilmbab"c are cj,-ih""d and do 001 h~e In "'H·lm"
Sp<>nl~l1c,"', ana",h~ In '""ror\\e IS. lM,cfQfC. unh~cl) g"cn "bal pe<>r1c h.,e '0 1'111 up "uh a, Ih<,~ d.. ... l ",Ih 111,- ,n;,n,f.,'.III<'" of the CnS .. , 1,\ h31 further mak~s 'ponlane"u, an31c!» unhk~ly ,n limhah"~ i. thai KIfllc people are ~'"~ cu.hlOn~d loy Ihe" (nends and relali\c. "ho art Ii\ '"~ aoo "<.>ri.mg <.>tl1~idc lk coontr~
On lhe MIX' as all ol'JXXi,ion, lh~ participant fell ,ha, thi! "n.,h~ onl) opposi,ion and as.o "h(,h"lhey arc ,enou,\ or not. "as ano,h\"t ;,sue Fin~ll). lh~ panic'palll asked ho\\' mass·drlven the m~.j ICllun$ arC
In rcspo ll sc. the pr(S\'nlcr "a,cJ Ill" Limbab"c,ms are dooik all d Ih i, c~I"""" Ilw CI"re llt ,iw,,,,,," '" 'he ~'\ U lllr)'. He f~h ,hal as eil'O: I1 , of Zill,l ... b"c. Ihe 1>C('plc 11 .\0 taikd to) ,,'a} 'hei, mle '" r",d ing so lulion, to the curren. nisis, Man aClioll' have no! ""rkcd betau.., Ihe) a,~ nOi mass uprisings, "h,ch are mme feasible \Iass ICllons are 110' su,llIinahle .nd !hc) ha'e bc<;11 3n ul1ima1c sho" down of dCll»t',1ic fon:c~
One 'Ileakc, I>ked Ihe prescII'c, ,,, nr':un !unMr on 00" a !ran~"'on31 Il",emmem "ould be Of~~",zed In response. ~h~ JIIl'>cnlcr Slaled lhal 1h~ onl) rra""c~1 "3~ ..,111 "r 1he ourre", crl<;, ,,~, Ihrough ,"" cstahli<hme", "f a Ir~n,i!inc,al !'.O\crnmcnl. "h,eh should ~ mul!;dim~n5ional 3nd broad-ba:;cd, h i, this go"emmcn' Ihl! wo"ld sec to the
,13
u-J.. "I ,Id;",,,)! ~ <on<I,IUI;('" ~"d '''lUau''g dd, .. le on ,uu:e.ssion 1I'''' .... 'er. Ih" !l"'eMlmcnl ~t.o"ld not he;n po .... ". for more Ihan IS "'''''Ih,
A"",Ir,·r ,,,,·.,~cr rciel red ,n Ih~ Z Ih~"J) hj Slat!n~ 11131 in the I 'lith !x\lh ~""lh \Iri,., illlJ I<h"Jc".! lIel.: u'l(kr "hil" re~ "ne< and lh,llhcrc "as ~ <in'.'t"", .'1111" on !I". r"~i(\n I[e I·"rlhcr >lal'·~ I h~1 Soulh Atrica h.d ~\r('"!l-er Jl<'''cr O'~I Rlwdcs," ,,,,<I "n,. thcrd<>rC. on n pos ,tion to
",n"en,c her roda). thew a," ", lc,"", ionill l) r~",'gn i /~.! Indqxnd.:nl >liII,", "nJ Ih~ pD"er lelation~"rc """ I( ,ffere·tII nlC ~~3kc, al", \lenl 1m h' '.1) II"" l\LI'.\Ll3nJ the Alii"a" RC"~1"'on,C arc p""iding n,,",,' don't'"'''''' I", "r,i~~ On Inc I>,ue or d<>c,lil~. d", 'PC;'~Cf "ondered "h,·lnc·' II "a, 1"",,1>1.- 1(1 measu,,· III .... I.', el of dl".lir)
,\n<'lher 'rc.'~'" ","~J ~ '1ucs,,,", Ic' Ihe di"u,..alll \I hel"", Ih~ <lcfiniuon "r "J\ 11 .. x,e,~ ,h, ... ".1 I><: ""nfin,.,j 10 "'ban area, lie a.led Ih~ I{,II"" "'g ~ue'I,"n, h' Ihe I"'''''nl~r
• Wh~1 \I<,uld ),(>1" 1"'1"" h."" ltc~n tile if II had been \I,men hd",~ Ih,' Ill"h ,im·' \1 h," "Ih" ""'1"~ und I'""el I>chJl1d til<: I,,, l'"till""r l'"t1"., IJ1 i'mbal>I'''' l ~n Ihe) 111~,¥<·"
• tile I thro,) "t""I ",,,,,, II hat Lnl""'1O'ilnl1" snll1g I" ,-"nO"n. 11"" IS 11 oem@. pmcc'.o;(:" ~Jld r", "hose benefit ')
• Whal ,hllulJ a ,ilion!; g""·rnm .. ,,t dn "he'l fa~cJ lIilh "'"ss ad,,,,,,· lin;oI J1I1,h~
10 '"'IK'''''' Ihe f1~5eme, <lated th.1I he sl,,,1d b, Ihe I l!1rof) be,au,,, Ihe ~"'",du, .. ·n~ h,· dr~\I om: ba",J ,\(I hi .. nrical fa~I' M". !Klioo< do not ",·,l h<.,.",,~ Ih.-, ;<'" ",'I >pont."",.,u<. Lflh~ lIcl\:.lhen lh~1 \I""ld he de,crit>.:J~, an up."iIlS_ ;-i",h;,h",,~ru. 3'" under s,ege 30d ,har .his is .he tea",,", "h~ Ihcl~ ";tn be no UP'hll1£
I he dISCU.q", "3Ic,11I'~1 bolh rural and urban d"'dl" .... C<'I1,"lulc clHI Ihe ernph3'" (I" the urNn c"il 'lXl(I). mcluding "On.
t
_____ Itopor' ofZi .. bab .. ~ /lio,,,,,,. ' ""arlos""p
gowrnm~m.1 o<gan''''';on5. 'la' du" II> the rae. th3t II was m~,"ly the urhml d\\ e llers thai opl''' I)· c~tne n\lt againq Ihc yes vOle in :000.
~ ,2 i\ ,·,,·Li bcr .1 \{h lr m'hor;nc in nmb"J"",; LUSOhJ fro ll,li>e Chilfan hJl<' r ic n <~. 1913.1'IS?
(.1/ (. I ("{""'D]")
Mr Iialimana c~amirltd the ('I"kan cc<pcrience wull lhe nco-liberal ceo"","." reform '" (he: pchlo,\lIeooe """ u~tjt (be democrati'\3.tion pmce<~ ,n ,he 1990 •. '\1,10 Ito" aIm of drawing k.wn\ from lhal npcrl<:"c~_
The p',,'e rl ler conccpluali\cd Ih~ natu re [)f lh~ CC()"("'''~ problems in 7imhah"e b} ,derrm!> hI Nah"tl~1 [conomte l(eCQ'~1) Pro!,mmmc dOCIIITl(nl, "hieh cMc!,,'n~all> ,1;11", thaI Ih~ country i< facing se,-crc ",,,,io·economic ehallen!; ... lhal h.,,, l>e<:n compounded b) a hO'tile dome,". ~nd ext.m31 en~,ron"'~"I, ari,inll f","11h'''''' oPPO.ro to Ihe land and a,;r.man rdonn I'rogra''''''" rhe manl fc,lallOfl' of lhe ens", m L,mbah"'e "'ell: ""Ihned a, f,'II, ,,' ~
• l'Jr;.mg up of imp<'rtAIII ','II r~e, of fmeign cxch~ngc.
• Wur><n ;11 8 nport IICrfl>r"","ce.
• Rapid e"I"' II SiOll "f ttll"'~) ,"pply: and
• High Inf13110n
Aller Ih.,. eonccpluah>8li",' of Ih~ ",,,,,om,,: p"Alkm 10 bmbab ... e. Ihe pII~r Olllimed the baSic ingn;dl~lIls of the ',*I.I~ral \1odcJ (NLM) tllat <la, d,>cnbed as a Crlil'l"" of the Impor1 SlIbsmulion Indu,maliL.2l1ion (lSI) iml'lclll~nlcd b~ man, dNdnrmg COUllmc> m the ra~t,
The pre,ente, <lIed fo", rC~'l"h why he e~al1"ncd l h ~ n"l . an eXiXllcncc
... re, ;o" of Zjmb.bw~ ·$ <"rr~nt ~"; '""""" """'-______ _ _ _ _ ." • Chi!.: ~.n tie said h1 be" u adblanr '" Ihe nCO-liberal economic
r.:f" rm;
• ~rom a ~ompa"'h'e JlCr>pecti,c. IlKre are eer\"," realure~ in 11K (h,lean ~"W'I')' tl,al pr(), ide SOm" useful insillilt s from a .-.:Oe<mc perspccllve;
• III.: interface b<ol"ccII 1"1ill,CS and CC(}!lOlm", come. o ut VC r)' ~ learl) ,n the Ch, lean "",""rk; and
• n,cr.: i~ al"a~'1I<'''telh", ~ h' leam rrom lh"", "ho ha"e trodden Ihe ro,,,1 bcfM"
The pre,cmer Ihcll drew parand~ bel"cen 1M Ch,lean c~pericnce and th.'1 of L"l1habwc
4.1.1 Di,cu,'$,lII", R~mll;h
The d"",,,,3.,,I. 0, Sa IJ "g"cm,' _ ,IUled thaI Ihe P"IX' "", divided into two S"';li()lI!>. na'nd~ nco·Ii ........ 1 ,n<)dd in J:imbab"" and IesSO'b from Ch,le. ito"e,e,. the di''''''''lOn d,'Wled 10 each " •• not b.tbnced 'n Ihal II"," pre!""tcr SPC ll' too "wch tm,e on Oll ie and vc ry li n l. t ime on /'mbab"" The discu~ ... nl a l.o f,,11 that ,m, I'I't~ter should ha'e defined the noo-libc-ral model
1 he app!icat"m of Ihe neo-Jibe".1 ",odd in Chd~ \\ 3S dIvided IOto lour ~ns ba...:d on Ih~ prc"dcms tl •. lI "ere !cad,ng the COtInlr) The four pha,~, .re then Juxlaposed to Z , n,~,b" c n,is ,s nOI poss ible becRu,e Z,mbab,-e ha, had on l} one reg'lIlt d"rin~ the nC1)-liberal er • . Another puint "'''cd b~ tm- d,S\:u~""nt "a, that "htn '-nile "'3.'S l soc,a l,st SU1te. mllatio" "~, hiHIl. shOOI"'!: "I' ,,, 11 8% and ),et " he n Z,m bab"c \l as a ,,,,ialin '<late, ;nflat,on ,,3s 10" The di~"'!..1nl. therefore. did not
,,"demand 1m, ba<j, fot the COt'J'f'J-""'n I he raper .J><,I did not t\plain on "ho!l' best ap plied the nC'o-l,l~rnl n",dei
On thC I>,UC of impon sub>tltut,,,,,- the di",u,.,;anl said Ihal ,n Z,mbab"e big CO!l1pan,es such as Anglo Ameflcun, Rio T,mo. 7.; $00 Stee l. etc did
" ,mpon SIlI>~lIlull(."'. "herea~ in Chile. ~mall companle. \J,,j II Thll~. compam.on b.,..cd on 'mpan su~"uliOfl i. a probkm. 1 he ;"'Sue of boo reform in the "", (ounmc. ',)!lld nul t>.: "ompared ~3Use In Limbahl'e. it "35 ;"digenn", HrsUS ""n_m(lig~lInu.; \\Mro:a; on Chile. i,
""' ;"di~enou' \t~". indigenou,
In ",,,,~I,,,,io,,. the di,C<I"'~llt <1.'l~oJ lhal l il< ll ~o-I'M ral mood i, ,,0 good and. IIl ereforc. "C Sho uld look 10' ,,,, "'Cfrlatl\-c. "hi.;h should not be an itlljl<lw'(]r1 rrum the World Ban,:II,(crnatLOl1al \Iuncl~r- Fund
4,J. J Di.,c lI"·"nI,
J\ p~"ic'l>.:lnl ,,3tcd lhal M ,h"J).-d Ih~ \arne \.Cnli",cnl~ "ilh the di~,u'<.3nl and .dded lhal ,he p ... ·'~"'er n<,<,dW to ela"f~ lhe l~pt and It,d .,r P<"'-") lhal JI<I'""k,] ,n ( h,le .,,,oJ lh~ .lIe"alin" ~lralcgiC'S allopleJ The f'.l,,;';,pan' al-o fell lhal Ihe pt~'C'''''r 'h""'oJ .. ,,'" h.\e mcn'u,,,cd Ihe ~'Hdat;(IR ~t"n'n laix",r .. d the IInplc"",mat "," of the nc{\.lil>coral tn<Xlcl. On land ",·d""ibulIon.tbc pat1IC'Jll.nlleil Ihalll "a, nccc~",~ to highlight Ihe "cce",'~ 01 land fur p"'1!res~,,'e indu".iali1.1lion
III 'C\I'0"5e, Ih~ pre,enler staleJ hc ".~ tr)'m~ I" .1'11\\ Ie"",,> from ehde. h~",c Ille cUII' I"".is 01' Chik l ie abo fclt lloatthe ~~I><:rien""" ;Ill land ,ef"rIIl 111 1)(11 11 countrlcs ",,,Id be "0"11'",",1 lie il l "wal~d Ihis pmnl b) ,;,"ng Illfo ,mal i{\n til the err~""t th.lt III Chi le 4~.OOO pc •• ""nt' sold their land, 'iimi larl}. in Z;mbab"c. so"'" I1C\~ fann~" ha,e Ic~,"d Iheir lanJ becnu,,", Ih~} h3," no 'C"",S hi "'put, and en:dil f~ci\ilies. Th~ ()t") reason "h} Ihe} are not scll"'8 the" land i~ l>cuu5e tbe} do nol Iu,e 1II1t dced~ to lhe~e plc",e~ <>i' 13nd
.\ pano~'r;"l1 .,,~cd Ihe pr~"'ntcr 10" po.:rccphon "n. "land IS III<: ~""nom~ and Ihe L",{\",~n} i.lhc land" In resp<>n"" the pre~enlo:r •. ",llh~, thi~ <latcmem t. 1~u1<"""1C31 ~s""",all~ Slnc~ mdu.(1) i. hea,,') hn~ed 10 agrl,ult"",
A '" i." or lhnb~b".'! '"rr,n' ,n""lon " .... " .. ,~r particlp"n, tel, th3' Argeo,,,oa could ha,e ~n a moro. nppr<>prl"e ",ample, a, II .. ~ m'I"~ n",cnt iliu"rall,'" oj ,he n~ltbcral m"dd ~" "I II~r"d \0 Chi,"
~ .J R",,,h,,; I/U''''/''''I1'': Zimb~b" ~ '$ It~b'ions " j,,, Ihe I bl~rn'lIiona l (" ",,"""n i l~
U S,I< I,,~<"')!<')
I" the III,rOO"..,'''''' l'rl'T ~"d\l'.'''~e ",lIeJ thdlln Ib,' I<) S{b and I'W(}, . [""bah,," ~")"~~..J .. hl~h '"le"~"I""'" " .. "dlng'" d\e \rn~an '''!t'OI' a"d Ihe ''','''' H,'''~'ef. Ihe '''Of ~U\)~ "'ar\o..c" a "."If 111 /,,,,hab,,c's fOIlU"~' un .hc d .pl,,,,,",,,· lit'I11 . h' :003, /""l;I;oh",,', ortglOall~ h'gh p,,'li '" 111 " .tc,,,,,,,,,,,al nil .! reg", ,, ;,1 " 'la ll,"1< " .1e1 N:cn elll '0 a 'er\' mod"" ,,/c, allh""gh 'hc ,\1. S\IK ,\".! Ihe "1\\1 "illpn\\,,jc 0 ,0101"" /,'I1e "''''"'er. "',,,e "''' '''''e, ,,' 'he ·\1 and :>.\IX' h~,e I>c.",omc q"lte """I'<,h'n .,1.,,,, Ihe "a,e "I' ~'" emonce '" /In,l;I;oh''~
Ihe p,c,e ,ne' "onl l'" '" ,.1) IIl"t ,I"""" the t,"1 ,keJdc of ",dcp<n,jcnct. / ""oah"", lor~,gn ,etauon, "ere rea",nah l) llood. I unh",,""rc. /i",bah"" had the mo •• ;nd,,>(ri~"/cd and modern ,,,,o",'m) and (here "~rc c,)n~el1td eli"'l> 1o in'e<;t '" ",clal se" ICC' as a ~omr<'''''''' ,,' 'ed,,(nb"'l<'n /lIuhah"t soul'h',o "onsolid"" .,,;<;I/·;u a p"'enllal '., I""uie- .m "','",,,cm cr~a'cd h) np,lln"ld <;,,"tll Afr '";1 ;",d it,; d"'.1bdWlilon ,act,c, in ,,"He " "gll l"'"r'n)!. ""te, .• ' ;1 wn,mue,j 1<\
>x"ul'~ N."",b'3 and 'n (Ie.tab'h,,, '-Ioamb'qu,· (/!",uY' Renal1'o and }\" .. ula 11".\u~h I. 'nlla rhe p",,..;mer '''',,,,~..J out that 11 was IIllh,,, """,d ,[Ink" 11",1 /l"'hahlle II;', .;e"",1 ~~ a major l'I,"~r u, 1'<)l1t,", ;n the ~"".hern ,eo " '" N,)I. lll l) ,lid [ 1I" b.1h,, ~ enJ"" ~. ~, d 'c la';ol1' II il lt", the 1C!, 'Oll. b", al,,' '" rd",><'''' ",Ih b..,i> I ~,'<m unJ ~e'te'" ",.\\\,'r, "",,' ~.X>o.I
lh~ pre'.'l1ler ",,01 on to ,laic ,h .. , 110,' ~,"~"'me", .<'01",,,,,,, hi "IIJ"~
l"'pul." 'I) .,II,J ";,),, ,,,) a\ ,he "~;': II "' I1 I ~ "r,il ,' 19905 ~tte' the mtr~eI nf It\.o,,;ll (1'1'1 unci 1'1' /"\I'U. ll",.c'~ r, the ill1C'rI1;'''"nal ,au ... ".'" lias
" .Ircad) undergo;"g changes, namd) the ,ollap"" "f rht- So"~1 UnlC,n. ,,-h,eh ideolog,call} s,~nalled the coliap'" or o;r.,;,.lism Ind lhe tnumph of c3pilalism of the nc<>-hboeral '.,ro~nl. flit' '>0;'110.1 "as 00'" left "illl one ~upcrpu" cl "",j lhi, IIII<l grt~l s;pnficance f<>r lhe "3) African ""unlries CoOOud.-.j lM;/ ro«:i~ polici.., In regIOnal terms. the ,«<nnd far_ read""i! dc,d<'>l",oenl "IS the ''',",,11011 from the apartheid ol3le to a I democ:rallC 1n3JOrol) rule III South Urica Relallons beh,ecn Zimbllbwe and SPulh Africa "e~ not au,p',"'''' nl ,h ... beginmng. ,\hhough ,ei.lIon, be,,,een 1ho: \'I"ndd~ and \lu~al>cc go'C"n"~nts "c~ rcas.on~bl) good. the) "en: 'K~ .. ,,.'" I ht> '"'' Iliributed In pan to ,""
liberauon era farpon bel"~n I \ 'I (1'1-1 and doc Pan·AI"un Congress (PAC) In addition. lhe", "a, ., hint of "'eglonal ri"31'~"~ btr"eeo \lu<[3l><.- and Mandela
I" his prcsemati(>n, Prof <;1I:1"~,,,,~c abo aUuJcd II) "hat h~ r~fuf~d to as "oternal imc ..... ~m'()Il, p.lI) ·"n~ ~'1I1 bac~la>hM lie d,,..;u,,ed /imhab"e's imcr' .. ~nll"n In Ihe DItC conniel aTle, LU",:nt Kabda had fallen out "ith hI, ""II,lule all,,', ligal"la and R"anda m 1998 This in!~" en! ion came at a lIe~vy C,hl I" / nnl>"I", e '. t<:O<lomy and domc~ti e cohe.",,, and ,I, internatIonal standi'll>- at lea.l ,n lhe We" There "'ali litt le 10 ,ho" for (he inlervention Ilw,:11 its p<:ak, in volved up to 11.000 trOOpli The pre,enter f"nlle, ",plai ned that "part f",m the I,JRe inl~",e,,, i on, the lale 19'X), to d~le hR'" 111<0 been eharaclcr i;;cd by the Ian,] ret,,,,n rrogfllmmc, lh~ ~(""I'I\,tion r~f~r1l1 d~bate, smart sanction. and the 1000 and 2002 ciCCI ion; a",ithcn aticmlath. Thcs~ domestic dC"e!opmcnts ha"c shaped (h .. (onc and direction of 7,mbah'H's intCmal i,lOa 1 ,clatiottJ dlJrmg tlo .. c,~ under dlScu~sion
In condus,,,,,. the presen(cr IOdl~nltd that /'<11bab"c's role III lhe Southern Af,iei'" rcgiOfl remains th~ tore I)r its foreign poh~), bUI this has ~n te~l~d ~i""e 1000 as land refor", Bnd the conduct of the 2000 and :002 eIC<1I0n~ pro,oked "c)tern c""'t,'mahon Z'mbab"c's dome.llc .. tuat",n feali,,~d h,~hl~ in a numM-r of SAD(' summits in 2000 and 1001 Sumc S,\O(, >tJlc. ",\prl:>§ed sohJaril) on Ihe bnd
A •• ,it .. of Z; ... bab ... '~ cur •• nl .I, ... ,iod ------" r"fo",,_ "h'hl Ih~", "a, gl'(l""'~ di:squ'CI ",,10 no" I'mbab,,~ WM~ ha ndl,"\! ilS d"m(>1ic S"\'~"m"cc "mo"l!~1 Olher<. In addilion, the IIrcscnl£r c~prcssed COIlCCrn abo.u "hal he lernled ·'the pri,'alisanon of diplomac~" and ils IOU on Ihc nali"n
4,3, / Di~cUH"'rl'J R"n""ks
01, ell ,~"" Ort c<lmmcntcd Ihal Ill<: paper was .on.islenlly analy!i~al and logical rn defin'ng lhe o;..-..;i<J-«"","ni", d~\dop""'nl in Zimbab .... ~ Ind Ih~ land marL isw~, Ihl ddin~ lit.: coum!) In regional and Inlernalional ~<'me"l~ Howe\~r, the intclI',nt i'lIl ill Ihe ORC ~hould have btell aniculatcd ,md unden>lllO<l in l'a".Africamst paradigms, Funh~""ore, then: "31 n«d ", highlight th( ",Mal ba,ji fOf lh~ imc ... ~nlivn in Ihe ORe and 10 omline "hat the p'l~-<)(fS lu,'" bttn, On the land and sm~rt ianct' [l'" na, tl1~ dil<.'ussa'" ""J th~ ,~n<tio", "cre ," essence a rdlc~ta'O "f d"r~.pcct ror in"'""",i,,nal la\\ ~"d that th~r~ ;, ,,""d to 3dn'''' Itdg~ (he econromi~ d"nen,,,'" (0 land r~·d"tributi""
In cundusion, (h~ d,<;cussant lelt Ihal th" follow Ing needed highlighting'
• The mora"!)" of smarl "",,,ion, ""hin the UN co",~"tiOll, African Union. furopnn l'nion. and the SAOC con"cnhons;
• \\ h~ the European Um<'" ",,,,,Id suh'cribe 10 ,man ,ancti(lM;
• l'o debato "hUl i. \\rO"1I- " ith i"' C(\~nin8 in th~ DRC" gl\'~n that !h,~ count!) i~ pan Oflh~ ~AOC: .nd
• To examine the extenl to "hieh Ihe ~gionll and InI~rnaliOll~1 comm unitIes have conlflhul~d to ti,e currem sit uallon in Zimbab"t
4.3.1 J>i>("u,~,~itJ"
One P"''''' 'p.nt as~~d "holher ~~uth Africa re,i"ed Bush's call I' Dr Rober1 Mug.abc', ~~;t aJld "helher ,\fman 'S ~unk "ith Zimoob"c In rcspons.<;, Prof. S~'hi~QII)e ,IPt£dlha( Bush"s ,i,,1 10 Soulh Africa and
Ih" P'''IIl''" lJl~" on ',mbab,,~ dC,"OI1~trJt~ Ih~ <trat~glC mt~res" of l,ntled "talc' '" Ih~ <'outh~m \frtC3 n r~~I1)11 l~refoN'. Ihe Coited <;tale, ,ltd ""t "I<h to disturb the ",I'liotl> bet"';':n South Afriu and Ih~ 1 ,<;,\ lie funht'T addtd Iha, In ,<,,,1,>,1. the 1 S f'C'hc~ on Li~fia i, not """".,cm ~t all und Ih" dcm,''''ltat'', Iha, Ih. LS has ,1<1 "on"rcte eel'n,""'C 'nte,,-,h onl iberia,
\ ,,,,tller p'trll~'p"nl.nadc a com n'C l1l t{> the dleel tll.,t tile Ij~ ral i "n "~r lcg""> .s ..... arnl~ off peop1< ,,;t lt po lil"al ,,"'hili,H'S nod tlt.lt to a lat g~ c~tcnt Ih~~ h~'e Il\nucnccd rx'lt~), III ,c'f'C'''<c. !'rd, Sachikony~ ;"di,'alcJ that he Igr<;cJ "'110 I""" ";' of Ihe <realer, He funher added lhal th~ nc'l1, Ihal ",o11'1>ce '" /imb"b"f ,n ~OOO and Ihe n.>tc of "ar ,cle,;>'" allnJ,..t it' lhe h~ml,,'n ""r lc!;J") b'lI ill", dc,no,,'lraled /i",I,..I>"c·, f3,Iure 1<> ~.inte~r.'k Ihi~ l>"I'"IJli"" nll,' ""',d> Ihroug,h 1'~'Q,nlt. emplo)mcnt anti olloc' 'nC3n~ (>1' ,usla,,,,ng lhft< h,ehlwod fh,~ "_,, ~ t>.cbtet.! k~",,,, Ih", Zimh:!b"c lea,,,, fw", the e""nl ,'\ part,~ira"1 """,;cl,,<I Ih" Ih"'~c 1>, e\pb """1l th.11 in actual fact during Ihf 19$1h, Ih~ 1I",e''''''''11I 01 L,mbab". had ,n pia« plIcl_gc$ 10 faCIlitate Ihf mlfl:ral ion of "ar ,',,'enoo< into ,,0.:'.")
1I,"'~,"r. !'",I ~ach;~""~c al){t c'pre,.cd ",,,,c~rn ahmn Ihe le\Ol of 'c''''I'II"b,~ b) "U, ,elcran, ",,, ,,,.I, fm m ",,,kcrs (Of 11011·/ imbabw~~n .\<L~;rI
A 'rx:a,~r ill the "udicncc allc~ed that jl, l ~l, and Oba';"'J'-' "re nol h,,"c,1 I>.ole... I" .,,<port..,. I'mf S"ch;,oll' e .1~led thai "'gard,ng "helher or nOI Olxl!><lnjo and \1I"'li arc honesl brokeN. it is heM 10 juS! ago""" Ihal Ihe~ arc brvlcr-. He ho"c,er. pomtet.! <lUI Ihal \1bcki ~nd ON"""J" """It.! ~c"u;nd) hl" It· _c,_ Ihe LimNh"c ~IJlc"wc bro~c", Ilt~ prc""nl~'r lunh,. elahnralcd Ih,s poml b) >lalinllll\a1 5t)ulh -\f.ica ha, ,,"1 ",,,''',,c t.!"" 101M <iluau.'n '" Limbab,,~ lhroug,h Ihe ncg:>I;,e ,mp"" I'"~ ,,'un,m ind 10" of m\C,lmenl
Anolher >IX=Jl.'r '" the .udi(1\cc ,a,d Iha! limoohlle hn I:>ccn c<>ns;;,lcnl on ,1< p.)lie> .'11 Ihf DRC intcI"enuon lie "em nn 10 <a~ Ihat IIhilst
" /'m~~b"e em!>""." ... Ihe COrlCCP' 01 ""crycn!o,'!!. Iho c"un,,) should "'SO rcap ,h~ I"", of u, boour Itl rC<Ih>,,;e, I'rof S:'"h i~o")c 'a,d Ih'l ""map, /,,,,bJb,,c ha, b.",n .,LII·le h' ,c;lr Ii", f'UlI Df it5 !;,b.>ur in \huam~ique 3nlliM IlRt - bee."" .. il la.:l, Ihe ,,~pa<"~ to 110 '<0.
A ~fK'a~c, a,~ed tllC p,e>cnt'.,. a h~poth ollcAI queSl ion rc~ardi ng "hill thc paltcrn of event. wm,ld hOle be" '1 ,f Ihe 'C A had ~~ed to j,)in lhe COU"llUuon Rc,ie\\ ComnH";,>I1 and II' .he propo".,.j n31;"nal oon>ll1ull()fl had "on tho .. dc .... -ndum. In respor1sc. I'rof, s"chikon)e ~id Ihat h) I)(lll",ti,al ~",'" ion, ar~ ,I, Il,"u II 10 ans" .. and rnxeedcd 10 "ale lito, It " ~"",,~,,,ablc Ih~ t If 110.' "run COIl>I;tuHon had b.·en a"ccpl~d. the,.., "ould ha,e bo:~n no land Ic·di,lnbul"," ~nd Jl(rhap.> Lllnhab"" ma~ r.<.>1 ha'c h~d a<, ",len! ~n ok_lion 3\ lite", "3>_ The p,es-c,ncr ,,'en( 0",0 \0) Ihal Ifllte C(""tilullon hJ,1 !teen a;:c~ptcd. the Ml)(: "!),,Icllla\"~ bee" "~I~ 10 .-arup:Hgn ill Ih~ rur,, 1 "n:'" and Ihe re,uil ma) hUH la~~" a differc", I",m
~.4 Zil1lb~h".· "n,l lII<- Inh' rn :"i",,~ 1 Cgmr"ufli.~
(L I ~:"I'""J.:")
0, "JPuugu ,""ied pa",~Ip.l"'· 10 a'~<'pl me ."tlm thai gI".·ms ,..,131,,,", 3monp nol"'''': thai ". III inlcm.llional nolalion •. Ihero ar.:: "0 permalle,,, rri end~ ,\I,J IH' per111. ",,'nl .. , e" " ~,, lfilll' u~ i Clm j . I,.:cepled. Ihe mlcradi"ll of f"ut clemenh <lct~"'nmes Ihe ""sitoo" of ~ eoum') In Ih~ in!~rnJ!i",,~1 eommuni", ~'rc, rall~ a ,mall (H' medium ~()"m~ The (our ol.-111Cn1> "e,e ,iknufied II I(,lIow,_
• II"" a country d.,t'''"' 'I> nat iona l i'''~rc'I> and h,,,. rl .eeks 10 ,maillihem;
• Ho" Olher ~ounlri~<; p<:n:e"c lho,;e intet6l> ~nd lite melhods Ilscd 10all~' " , h~m.
• 11<1" "lh~r (OIlnlric, dd;n~ lIteir 0"" imcrc.li in rc13lion 10 Ihal ~ounl'" 3r,,1 ho" Ihc~ ,..','lIO ~H3in Ih .. ",: anJ
• 110)" Ih~ ",I;>jcu cOlin'''' ,..,,,,,ts In Dlher coumric~' intereSIS U \\,ml I, an,llhe mcl"'->,), used to att~in them
The prc~nw >1~1,-d Illal Limbalmc IS a .mal~·mcdium counlry Ihal has npcm'nc"d the i>o;" of I ime. ami the ,", 0'51 of times_ AI mdcl"'nden<;c, the In[,'(ll.llon t] ,ll c<lmn"m'l) "a, ,pill on (hcIr position on Z,mbahwc 111~r~ ",'r. II,.,," "11,, "1'1' lauded Ii> k~Jcf\lup And [hOSOl who h~d doubts and ''''I'id",i.",. CHId f,-ar,'d Iha, til,- ne" leadc"h,p would be vCl1gef,,1 "g.,,,,,, the f",mc' cnl,,, ,,,,,.,. l in ,, 1;0 fcar,'d 1hat "hM the} called \lar\"1 "",i,IIi,[ 1~'lic,c' \\"" ttl I", introduced. d i>fupling Ihe cco"om} of Ihe ne" Ila''''1I nle,. "Olio doubt "ere $urpri'lo:rl: Iho..: "00 applaud,'d the ne" leadershIp ".,,! further .<;tOOi,hed b} Ihe ,Ialc,man.hip or the 11<:" leadershIp In <rU. nf ~ulTer,"g years of IOCan;c-r.lI'O'L ,h~ n~" ~<"'emm<,nl dccl3~d a policy of nalional ",,,,,,,,;jliA' "'" .",' li,,,"c'(j a ,"0' ~""nenl of n.'llmal IInl()
The ~"\e,,""c,"' ""Iher dcdA"" ,lui il> pr,orl(' "as Ih~ educa!lon and h~]ilh ,)1 ", 1'C"~lc and Ih...,." "'" "";'Or~ "C" c~p"ndcd ac<ordmgly. In ,dd,'i,.,". III<: ne" Go\crnmem .J..·dared Ihal it> r"N:'gn j)Qli~> "I>uld be: ha",d on "'e ""c,,<,~ cof .'\frlca and non·ahgnmcnl 10 ,q>rld affairs. li,"hal"'c ~~.1I11C ~ <tar in II," OAU and Inc Uniled I\Dlions. Ihe (:"""''''n>'callh. lli e homline ~'"'CS and llie Non·AIi~ntd Mo,'ement Ih i. "3' lI,c IlCl'lll.J h~!"cen 1'180 and 1'185. d~scribcd as Ihe b<:S! of !Inw. fur I'm~ab"c Ilulle,e,. lI ith the brea~ of thc GO'~lt1ment of '\all,'na l L 'Ul). 1.lmb;,b,,~ plu,,~ed 1I'i1'lf inlO an Im~rnal tri$'S in 1986 "hen 7\" I.: 11'1' I ~nd PF ZAPL b..-came al k.ggemeads. Bel" etn 1986 .rld I ')89. Ihe mt~rn811(lnal ron",,,,mt) b.::gan 10 doubt whether Ihe "ork (ha{ {hc (,"'emment <>1 7imhah"c and;b pccpfc had m\'(s{cd;n dUring {~ P<'""d 198u to 1985 .,," sustainable 7om~ab,,~ "as ,blc to O'Cf""""~ n" I'",!:okm "hen I·\"C (I'F) and p~ L.AI'li signed the L'n,{~ '\"Ittflcm on 19S~
lhc prc>(nICr de'cr,bed Ihe decode bcl'~ttn 1990 .nd 2000 as a period lnal kd L.'mbabv.e (0 npefl~n<e {he W{)fit of limes ractors ass.oc:,aled
Art ' '0" of ;r."nbab""1 • • "onl <jI Ll .llon --------"ilh Ihi, ph.o"fficnon ",dude Ihe lad Ihat '"nbahlle toN. ~ ~Ia"cc un til e 1. 11 (1 q t'c;tiOl' , IIhl eh led " , " i lh dr~w~ 1 "r IIMmau"n,l l >tlrfX'''. mi~"",nagel""nl (If Ihe e<:ooom~ hra,,, dr~m inh> Ihc Oi.>P<'ra and Ihe in,ol'emenl In Ihc I)RC at Ihe 1>"," "hen Ih. ,'"",,'m\ "'IS ~Iorl""g The SilUall"n has been furthe r ,"' tT1 l'm,," ,c'U after Ihe c,""liwli(lO,,,t r~I,'rcndum uf ~OOO, I'.rlia",ent.<ry ~I('CI")", "r:ooo .nd Ihc I're~,dc"l,al dCCI,,,,,, of~{102.
Or. Kapunl,lu cmph:lljll.d 111;., th~ inlt"'ali"n~1 ""mmuni'~' mU>l rcali7c Ihal 7,mbah"e ... MI,an t><>m "ul of a lihr,',Ju"" 'Iru!!.~1c and thaI lhal <Irugglc has created! psycn"I"glcal I. ,une ' ''lrx II ,~,in "hid, Ihe pe"l' lc of Z imh3hllC .h~11 al"a~s o!'Cfale. In Ulilef lI(lrd'!. Z'mhah\\'~ ,hall al"J), be l!'''cmffi uul",n~ rulh Ihal arc rcreei'ed 10 Ix Ihe ,nl,,"',1 ,,1 the "" ,onlrv Iioll o' c", ti , ,, ,, l ""~ 10 lime' II,c'" ,h;, 11 iIe <liffoIe",;e, <I,
pcrcel",,'n. "I the "",11 .. ,,1. IllJI 7 .. nbab,,<' u"'" h' allain II> nal,~1 inlcre'h \\h"" e~~<nl,~11> 10 J<>el"pa framell,)f~ on "Iud, lhere" " co"wrg.",~ (I f " CII' lh"" oot,' " i(ilin ~nll (lut.ide 7,mb;!b". ,'1\ """,her II", poli",~ pursued a"" melhOO. u,ed 3n, in th, intcfc~b .,1' Z,mbabv.e and Us people_ \\ 10.11 ," .. ,t be- ",\iJcd " ,ruting Ullnec""",) C ~ n rr(\ "t ali,'n ., a~ Ih~,c are detri ll ,elll" t I" lht p"e'plc or Limh31)1w
\. a lid) fo,"arn. the pre~ntc, "alc-J Ihat IhefC ",,~~J fo d," , .'g"~ ,,,,d lh nl tili , <l i ~ l ol!uC should be ha.,~J ')I' li,. e ~Ie "' cnl>, n;""d}
• Our nauonalllllcgrn~ "Ilk: h~,,, of ",,, go'~m3nee,
• Th. '''CUfiI} of " ur IIatl(on ,11)d the ~~U rtl)' "r the j"Ji"idual ,,, the has", for our ,uf\ "al.
• Our hu mall rc,,,ur~~, nrc Ihe ha,i; "i" "ur d",dorme ,I1 ,
• Our "conom) I> Ih<' haSl' 01 'ur stle, ,tnd
• O llt' mlernal,o ,," 1 , ~h" ,,' ,, \ ,ho li id h~ ha,ed on our rccol.1n'I'''~ thaI " IS 01\1) lhrou~h mdk"'1;: !'" end, ralhe, than et>Cnu~. in Ih~ "arid that our "anonal "'l~r~st' can be §CrI ~~
I r
The .1,.,.;(",,"11, Mr IhMa, "bsened Ihal lhe pr.:..cnler h3~ o,~r!'.cncfJI(I,'d 111,' !IIr"loil in I'mhab"" in Ihal n('1 all "f /imooh". I>
In (urn"';' II" !he In!~fnat;,'~al ,da!,,"" ,,,,ll tlle "tSI Ihal arc not g'--"-l<l lI""c'c'. I""nah,," has '-.\Ccllc"l rclam,,\. \lilh tht resl of ,\fllca, C~rih ll<!~n P,\CifL~ COll nl"O' the .. \I'r;C"'1 I 'n ion Ilnu '>AI)(
)I.·lr B~d1" 111'0 il ,~h 1 ,~hlCd Ihe ", I" or pereepl ii"" ond ","per,cption, ill ,,,t"mat '('" '' I ,dati,m, Pcrceptwn, ~ h"pc foreign p'll.e~ and Ih,' ""Y the me" •.• '~I)(>rh innu~n,c, perccpt"'"'' I,,, ,",ta",;c. Ihc mcdia "'1>0'" on Ihc rli,_hl " f "hue r,,",,"r-. b"",d1l the ",uc of .. ~""m!n th~ I,)re
\I, IJ~Jl~ ~'r,",,".1 ,,'w" al;,", < Jooul ~I.""f) '''I ""untlle' ,nlo sm311 and hll! II.- lcil Ih,t n i, kiln 10 d""t~ Ih~ "",1.1 ,nto.) ~"rcr !In.-ale, ""J.!le "nail I"'''~' co,,"1ric~. a counu)'~ site ma) 001 mean ",,,,,h.
On Ihe ,,,,,<' "f """"anent f,,~~J,. lhe d",,,,-anl c\pr~s'IC<J eotl,cm nlx,uI 111<' ",,'r'cmphl'" .'n rel)""l'- " " <lId hi~IId, If <lId friend. <'M hdp '" ;,dnc,e our !loa\. thai" lillc, "Ihen,i.e e,'unlrit. ,h""I<I he "m·,\ur,,~c,1 I,' O1"ke """ f,icn<l'
Til,' (1i'~""~ l\t C<l """cnteJ " " tile ,,, Ie of tlte 1 ,llI:r~tll"l ,\rug);l~ in ,haplll~ mlc' t\ ,n",,,,,1 ,e IM;n,,,. C' I"'C ia ll} 10 1 ig.ln "f tl. ~ la'id que,l i"n in /.mb~b"c /,moah'H "nnot go b~< 1; "II Ih~ land ~"C'l i.:.n; it i ~. Ih<rcrOfe, ,mportanl to 1I11J,'"lanJ thaI the liberat",,, wU\:.I;lc h.l~ Ihap''' Ihe p"11I i.alth.".1 I""all~ and H\I", n3tiona'l~
On Ihe ",<,"cr~ "I 1",\ alhan,,·,.lhc di",,,"ant "a~ oflhc ,ic" Ihal /""Mlme ,1",,,1.1 't~u,.,ilal,' Ihe <I<>nn3nt .... '", fM ;n't;'n~c. Ihe nOll-3liJ!1lW mo,(mcnl ,n a pMI.,;;old "a,c,~
4.4,2/);nu"jm,
., pame,,,:.nl "a. uflll,' "pm"", th"t ill the pre<cntalion, th~re '"'' need 1(1 alluJe 1\' 'LI':\ [) a"d Ihe ,,~ed lu cng.Jg'· Ih, II 0\, t(l ~el il 1<1 "<,rI.,,
--- "' Anolher par1I •• panl fdt Ihal lhe conccplll1lto>a!ion (If "hat co"'t;IUI~S rlallonal imere,h "ceded dari1;~"\I"n. Irl l ~'I"'nw, Dr. Knr"ngu "id he bd<.ll1~«J to tile <l IJ scl"", 1 "h,"" nalio 11 ,,1 111l~fe", '" "rI~ ,"O\m'l) arc ,dcnllf,~--d al N'n~ lernl",,"1 "Heresl>, ec"OOnH~ dc,d"l'mtot and ,;u,,,~1 JU"'~C. aller "Iueh a E,,'crnmcrlI ~n:ab Ihe<e mill clcm<,nh 1 Ie rurther \lenl nn 10 "'. Ihal nal,,,,,,,/ ""~,e", .. ,,-, permanent t", almo't ~.c" co,ml". hut ,t~IC m'e rpl~lalr" " """ lea.! to ,"r i "Ir<">n~ 011 l""rccp, ,,>Il< an"lIlg ""u "II ' i ~,
.\ ran,eipam ",,"led to kno», "h~!hcr "," r;~ll1 ,;ctory aftcr ,I slrug~le f". IIId.:pcnd~"ce ,,~slt-Ic I~ 'np<''''''. 11,,, p,..,,cnlcr 'Iatc-.J thai ouu-;gh! \·,ctt>r~ i~ no! p<J"ibk J"~ 11001 h" \la" fitm b<:1i<,cr in MTi"nal
d lalo~ LJ c h' ",I, c rroh ic!m
" p;on''''pall1 "anted to lOll>" nil<> _barN and ~ni<ub!~d forClgn poilclc, In /ombah"c III r~'P"I"~- Ihe pr<:>cnler ,tal • ..J llull currentl) III /,,,,I>,II,,c. there i, tu"I, .. i,," ,," (he ~ tI ";ula!i"n <If 1"""1;" politic' occam" e,,,t,,'II,, j, C'"11"'"Il\,ng ,'II il t he ~"r l c ,1o" LJI <I p,e,cr illc n"U"nal f""'('n'I1"~\"\tl . 111 "Ihe! ,,,,,d,. lhe f"'ol'ic <,I/""I»b"" ,1I0\lld e,en;,," ,,"It-<ltlellnin.,''ol1 II) d,·nn",!, ""1,,,":1.1 recO",lrueli"" \\ilh Ihe rlt'''nS and, .h",. of nau<'nal ;''',-r. ,[
!>. CU)~I:-,'(o lH \1.\1U'S
In h" dmll'!, ,"111~rb. I), thi"" '~lte <!.lIed that thi. h~,t 11..:,'0 a J~} "ell .po:nl "-,,,I thai he had e,,,,',cd ,h~ dc U",rJ",-,ni lie fUrlhe' "",cd thai OS~Rr 1\ "~"fl"antl~ rc' "." rn~ the Wllal 'Oil on I imb~h"" Jnd Itw, l',c,cr1\~"",~ ire.: t" ,mrrUH ,,,, ,Ir,,, parer, and 1l00c Ihem ru~l i ,h,"d.
a< I,>tlg .!> ,h. ~'Ith", :,dn"" ic#,'d th." th~ p;!f>"r had bee" prcscnlcd al Dn O<;\Rf' .. \ "OI~'l>op. AUlh",. ""uld al ... , ha'c ,helf fl'lrers "\(,unted 011 "cb site, P~nlC,p:ml< "C'~ ",mrnlk...t air..'ul Ih,' f~(t thaI a'hd~> publr,h"d Ihr,\u~h OSSRr \ :u~ ,eo.:.'gn,,"d a, ,.icnl,ti.' r"p"'" anJ ore a b,m, for p,<>"",, ;,,",
Dr, Chimanikire informed the panictpams that OSSREA is nol only for members of slaff in uni"ersiIL~~ or institutions of higher learning OSSREA tries 10 embrace evcryone aspiring to do resean;h in ~ocial
..:iences: therefore. everyone is encouraged to submit proposals for possible funding, He also pointed oUi thaI OSSREA is an effective networking platfonn,
In condusion. Dr Chimanikire thanked Mr. MasuOttngurc and Ihe organizing commillcc for organiling Ihc workshop_
" ""'NEX I: WORKSIIOP PROGRAMME
Frida), 25 July 2003
08:00 1)9:00
09:00 - 09:30
09:;0 10.00
10,00 - 10;30
10-30 11000
11:00 11 :15
H:15 - II '45
11:45 12'15
12'15 - 12:30
12:30-13:00
Opening Re n13rkJ!;: Mr. E. Malunugu,c, ACling Liaison Officer of OSSREA Zimbab .... ., Ch~ptcr
K~)' nOl e Add~: Dr. E. S. Pangeli, fonner OSSREA P~sldenl
Tea/Co lT« Brellk
Chir~T30n: Ms. D Cb'nganmde
Zimbabwe's Curren! Domc~ic Politic.1 S,lllcation
Mr.A. H""g~-~
Oi.cussion
Nw-libe",1 RnlnJCluring in Zimbabwe: Lesson" form Ihe ChIlean ExperienCe, 1911-1989
Mr /II C Haf"1JW,u
Dixussanl: Dr $aungw.,,,,,,
" 1):00 - 14:00
14:00-14.30
14:30 - 14:45
14:45-15:15
15:15-15:45
15:45 - 16:00
16:00-16:30
1630 - \6:40
LIlncb B...,ak
Rambi MaktLlhmga' Zimbabawe's Relations with the Intemational Community
Prof L Sachikonye
DIK"Manl: Dr. G. Chikoworc
Di.cu .. ion
Zimbabwe aJiJ Ihe ImunaliOl,al Communuy
Dr. L Kap,m""
DiuuMant: Mr S. Ba,b"
Closing Ren"HkII: Dr 0 P. Chimanikire
ANNEX 11 : I 1ST or I'ARTICIPANfS
I. Dr IJI' Ch,manikir<: LOS Uni'milY of limbab,,~ 80x MI' 167 M1 Plea.!.ant Harar~
Ph<)~: 26)·4-]]334 1·4 Enla,l: ~JlCh;man ik i,,,,, .. ;.cpen .. ,, '!L.s, .lW
2. Mr li.;t Mugejo POLAD Uni'elSil)' of Zimbabvoe 1',0, Ilo~ !loll' 167 Ml Plea54nl H.~
Phone: 011 757 875 I::mllk Im,,~ci<)1i;)ahoo com
3. Mr Diamond NJowa POLAI} U."_C,, ily of Zimbabwe 1',0, [lox Mr 167 \lIl'leasMI !!~ra.re
PhoM:011418432 Email. dojO,",A1l'ahQo_r,.m
"
30 Report of Zl""bab ... Nationa l Work>J!op
4. MI Pondai Bamu eol.AD Unl~;lYorZ;mbab .... c PO. 8<J.:< MP 167 MI Pleas;m( Ha'~re J>honr: 5709801571316
5. Mr, AUiu'tine Hung .... e UntHrJity of Zimbab ..... e PO, Ho~ MI' 167 Mt Plealoaot HiIfaI'c Phone 103211 Ext 1453 Ema,l' ~"£"""'.hun& .... <"JDm~i!.(om
6. Dr,,, Ch iko ..... orc IDS Uni~~1 y ofZimbab ...... P.O. Bo.~ MP 167 /!.i( Plusant Ha",r. Phone 263-4·333341·3 Email gchii<owllr~@KL~1Ce.uz.ac.zw
7. Dr E. S Panget. (FolTI\er OSSREA l'I'esidcnt) lIer;(8&" School Harare Phone' 8847101862287/()11 716061 Email rongc(i(Nmv.cb co,,,,
A revi~w or Zimhabw~·. <urr~nl ,i,u.';"n
s. Mr. E. Banda University of Z imbabwe P.O. Box MP 167 Mt Pleasant H~,
Phnne: 3032 11 Ext. 1225
9. Ms S.D. Chingarande Sociolngy University of Zimbabwe P.O. Bnx MP 167 Mt Pleasant Harare Phnne: )OJ211 EXI 133 I Email: ~\Lr;til@\.al)()(l.CQ.uk
10 . Miss Palienoe Muropo POLAD UniversilY nfZimbabwe P.O. Sox MP 167 Mt Pleasant H~,
Phone: 091 397928 Email : DmutopQ@yahoo.£,
II. Mrs. Mnni laKuchcna Histnry Departmenl University nf Zimbabwe P.O. Box MP 167 Mt Pleasant H_ Phone: 303211 Ext 1243 Email: kUl.he .. (I..ale .. g . at . ~IJW
I ." I
" Mn. Uontina Kan)'OV." School ofS<xi~! Work t.:ni~en.il!, of Zimbalwo. P,B 6602:'. KOfIj. Har~~
I'hone: 752%5/6/7
iU ..... " o(7.i .. babwe Natloul Worlisbop
f'.mai ' : Ibn'"'' n';r-",iL(><, ~nm
I), Ms, Linen S, Nya~';
HiSlo!,) tkpanmcl\( Uni,ersil)- of Zimbab". POOo~Ml'I67
\!I Pleasant Harar. Phone26]-4 31)3211 EJlII564orOII739()49 Email: l)'ijmalh,';<:',-ahoo.> < ~m
14 Mr Eld",d \1""un\1ngu(~ POI AD \ 'ni'tni!)' of Zimhab",,, 1'0 ijo~ \1» 167 ~ l ll'k;"anl Hn,ar~
Phone 30J21 1 Ex! 1326or0112169SZ ,- mail- eldred'(, w<:iaL,u _~c.lw
I~, Mrs T, Rwodli Muw, Teachers' College 1>_0 flox J~9) l'aulinglOn \1Ulan>
Phone: 26J.()20--6-161J 1:1 01 020-61 S36 It I:::m.il' 13ooiv.eu~;:OQ(Vii-., _I>oo,tOm
A re~l.w of Zimb.bw.'1 cunul .. 1.".10"'-___________ "
16 M, P J \fa,hunga \ las,·jngo l'n" .""~ (""Ikgo Ro~ 7bO M~~';ngo Pho"c :6J·019-65955 lm.,il rna' ioun!l;l100 I,f!)y~oo ""'I
n \f' T \I \b,I\tnl"'idZ<' \11dland, <"ale lin"'.'''\), p, Bag 90.~~ G,,"rtI Phone 0111:168 565 Email' IUJ
18 \1, CtlllinC \1Jbiza DeparU1,onl (If GC"<lgrapl1) UniHr<;' lyorZ,mbabwc P.o. (I", Mil 167 Ml I'le~",nl H",;no Phone 0 II 16-00<1 Email m.bjljICc:.~IJ.!D. .• h\..!!. ... m
IQ M, Ti",' .. "l1u JuJU Zimba~,,~ IIp<n Unj,""'l~ I/OU) Depan"",nl of M.dia~' 'e«, t," Floor. Oolrhm lIouse L. Taka".,a H.= Phone: 25 1 S91 : 023 75J 582. O'll :<82 ~lO Email·mi.anI\ILjlmr(j)h<.>IIT.J.1 <:n!!)
)4 R.port of ZImbabwe Natlona' Wol'kshop
20. Mr. Jo..,ph Muje,e Unive",iry of Zimbabwe P.D. Box MP 167 MI Pleasant Harar. Pho",,: 02) 259 569 Email: vajos.efa(alyaOOo CQ, )*
21. Mr, Young Mudavanhu Bindura University of Sc ienee Education P. Bag 1020 Bindu" Pho",,: 263·071-7531 Ext 1068 Email : nnmayil9J1{l alilv~ I~IO , q,. i "
22. Ms, Petra It Chinyert Uni"ersil~ of Zimbabwe P.o.. Box MP 167 Mt Pleasanl H_ Phone: 091 352 118 Email: Qlmbipet:@Yahoo.COm
23. Dr. J. Saungwe me TRADES Cenlr<: P.O. Box MP 1168 Mt PI"asant Hllr8rc Phone: 308000 Email : hansaub,ight:@HI>oo ,£Rl!l
36 R~po"" ofZi.,babwe '-;.'ioD_' Wor ... ~op
21 Mr "'orben Musrki", ... POLAD lin"'(rsi'Y ofZimbab",. PO, BoxMP 167 Mll'leManl Harare Phone: J0)211 [XI. 1670 or 011 SOl 940 Email: .. mu~ • • \\.afu"h(){) co. '"
29 1.1, M C, Hali mana IDS t.;mve~ilY ()fZimbab,,~ 1'0 So. MI' 167 M11'le~.
11-1'000c:.333341·3 Em.Iil: mtl!alirnana'ii ,al!oo.sl1Dl
30. P,of L M Sachilotlye IDS University of Zimbab". PO, Box MP 167 Mt Pleasant Ilanre I'hone llJHl/J Em~iI :.ashi,u1lol,C\>l"
31 M,. Safah Mudlenge'tJC POLAD Uni"ersi'Y of Zimbab""1; P.O. Box VIP 167 Mtl'le_t Harare 1'hooe')0J211 Ex! 171) Email s.ahmud.ii.yAh9\>.c()m
32 '.it. (heOJffli Mabhiza Uni~ersi1y of I'imbab" ~ I ,brary PO Box _\iP 167 1-11 Pleasam H~
Phone J03211 b1. 116),1170 Emai l "tll1~bhi <a@yatlQ<.\comOr~mahh i .. ®.hotma.i I.Wnl
)) ~Ir . S Ibd/a POLAD t; niHrSl1} or limbablH PO. Bo~ MP 167 Ml Pleasant Har.", ~ JOnl1 b! 186S Emajl-lim<'Ob1120!1Y~ ).lhoo_co_uk
34 Dr l.<'On~rd Kapungu Cem", for Pu<:. Imul!;'·~ ,n Afr;ca 2 [)eal AI"enuc Alexandra Par~ 113ra, c Phone. 263-4.74)670 ema il: CI'I,VJl" fritoMI ,"C.~" .7 '"
35 Mr. Xolalli 111m. Department of 11i!!of) l"ni' .. rs;l~ of Limbab". PO Box MP 167 \11 Pleasant Haran:
Phone: 303211 hi 1564 Emili: ujllu@l'1Iboo.cOln
)7 -..,
J8
J6 '" Muusha R ... "" POLAD Uni. l:fSil~ of Zimbab"c PO. Box \1P 167 Ml Plealant Harar<: p~ 011 763229
f{<porl of Zimb.b" 0 National Wo .... hop
Emai" ""'-i~; .. i"rahoy !jon:!
]7. \1 •. \,'falo M. Charamh,,;\ POl-AD Ln;'cr<it) ofZimhab\\< po.Bo~MrI6~
\11 Pk ....... nt
H"'~n: I'i>()rl.: 011 71>3 :':'90' ""'~I .J i;:ma il ," .... i\G" .. ailnO,M).
18 Mr Simul.ai Slwnu L _Z. SoxU,Wg\ PO lIo~ MP 167 \1\ 1'1"l!$a", Harar~
Pho~: 011"40 8)J Email 'hamut''<~' aboo corn
39 \1. P Chigora V.I. ],,0. [lox MP 167
~ " I'leas!nt ll.,-arc Phoot09191S958 Email \h!~2-~p2000';#, .t",,, g)!II
40 M ... Pcd~iSll)i ~sli. Mangezvo $oci<>I"ItY linj"crsity of Zimbab". 1',0 Ro~ \1P 167 \11 Plea$&nl liarare Phone J032 11 Ext 1131 or 091 )54 823 f'mail. " '""gHyo@yahoo,cQ,uk
41. Mrs. !',N. Moyo IDS Umvcrsity of I.imbab ... ~ PO Uox MP 167 11.11 Pleasant t lMate Phone ))]341/)
Email rndinJ'hcalv.hoo_co_ul
42 Mr Samuel Tesfamichad O!,;SRf'A PO,!lo~J1911
Add,s Ahaha Pll one 2SI·I·5S I1 ~3 Em~ il. WI1!:$owea.n~E
I ~
