G8

Engr. Manuel A. CabadingResource Person

ME 210 Strategic Management in Engineering EnterprisePSU, Urdaneta City

Member factsG8-countries represent 8 of 13 top-ranked leading export countries.6 of 10 top-ranked countries with the largest gold reserves (USA, Germany, Italy, France, Russia and Japan.)6 of 10 largest major stock exchanges by traded value and market capitalization8 of 10 top-ranked economies (by nominal GDP) of the world, according to latest (2011 data) International Monetary Fund's statistics.5 of 20 top-ranked countries generating a nominal GDP per capita above US$40,000 (Canada, USA, Japan, France, Germany), from the same 2011 IMF data.5 countries with a sovereign wealth fund, administered by either a national or a state/provincial government (Russia, USA, France, Canada, Italy).8 of 30 top-ranked nations with large amounts of foreign –exchange reserves in their central banks4 out of 9 countries having nuclear weapons (France, Russia, UK, USA)

Member facts3 countries that have nuclear weapons sharing programs (Canada, Germany, Italy).3 of the world's top-10 largest oil producers (Russia, USA and Canada)2 countries with the third and eighth largest oil reserves (Canada and Russia respectively) are in the G87 of the 9 largest nuclear energy producers (USA, France, Japan, Russia, Germany, Canada, UK), even though Germany will wean itself from nuclear power by 2022. As with Japan, it shut down all of its nuclear reactors because of the earthquake in 2011; the first time the nation has gone nuclear-free since 1970.the 7 largest donors to the UN budget for the 2011 annual fiscal year (U.S., Japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Canada.)

Economy of the United Kingdom

Rank

7th (nominal) / 8th (PPP) (3rd and 2nd in Europe respectively)

Currency Pound sterling (GBP)

Fiscal year 6 April – 5 April

Trade organisations

EU, BCN, OECD and WTO

Statistics

GDP

$2.480 trillion (2011)[1] (nominal; 7th)

$2.253 trillion (2011)[2] (PPP; 8th)

GDP growth-0.5% in Q2, 2012 (ONS) 0.2% projected for 2012 (IMF)[3]

GDP per capita

$39,600 (2011)[2](nom; 20th)$36,000 (2011)[2](PPP; 17th)

GDP by sectoragriculture: 0.7%, industry: 21%, services: 78% (2011 est.)[4]

Inflation (CPI)CPI:2.5%, RPI 2.9%% (August 2012,falling)Inflation has fell from a peak of 5.2% CPI in September 2011.

Populationbelow poverty line

14% with household income below 60% of UK median income (2006 est.)

Gini coefficient 0.36 (2008)[5]

Labour force 31.7 million (2011 est.) (17th)

Labour forceby occupation

agriculture: 1.4%, industry: 18%, services: 80% (2006 est.)

Unemployment 8% (2.6 million)

Average gross salary €4,108 / $5,546, monthly (2006)[6]

Average net salary €2,749 / $3,712, monthly (2006)[6]

Main industries List[show]Ease of Doing Business Rank 7th[7]

External

Exports £428.6 billion (2010)[8]

Export goods

Manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, food stuffs, beverages, tobacco, clothes, cars, military equipment, entertainment, steel, computer software, finance, banking, electrical goods, electronics, machinery, pharmaceutical products

Main export partners

United States 14.3%, Germany 10.5%, Netherlands 8.0%, France 7.2%, Ireland 6.0%, Belgium and Luxembourg 5.1%, Spain 3.7%, Italy 3.3%, China 3.2% (2010, not including services)[8]

Imports £477.9 billion (2010)[8]

Import goods manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs

Main import partners

Germany 12.5%, China 8.4%, United States 7.6%, Netherlands 7.3%, France 6.0%, Norway 5.7%, Belgium and Luxembourg 5.0%, Italy 3.9%, Ireland 3.4% (2010, not including services)[8]

FDI stock $1.169 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)

Gross external debt $8.981 trillion (30 June 2010) (2nd)

Rank Country Population Date % of world population

22 United Kingdom 62,262,000 July 1, 2010 0.88% Official

estimate

Prime Minister David Cameron

Economy of the United Kingdom

Canary Wharf business district in London

The economy of the United Kingdom is the seventh-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal GDP and eighth-largest measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), and the third-largest in Europe measured by nominal GDP (after Germany and France) and second-largest measured by PPP (after Germany). The UK's GDP per capita is the 22nd highest in the world in nominal terms and the 22nd highest measured by PPP. The British economy comprises (in descending order of size) the economies of the countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The UK has one of the world's most globalised economies.[18] London is the world's largest financial centre alongside New York[19][20][21] and has the largest city GDP in Europe.[22] As of December 2010 the UK had the third-largest stock of both inward and outward foreign direct investment (in each case after the United States and France).[23][24] The aerospace industry of the UK is the second- or third-largest national aerospace industry, depending upon the method of measurement.[25][26] The pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in the UK economy and the country has the third-highest share of global pharmaceutical R&D expenditures (after the United States and Japan).[27][28] The British economy is boosted by North Sea oil and gas reserves, valued at an estimated £250 billion in 2007.[29]

SectorsAgriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing

A combine harvester is use in Scotland

Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs,[53] with less than 1.6% of the labour force (535,000 workers).[53] It contributes around 0.6% of British national value added.[53] Around two-thirds of the production is devoted to livestock, one-third to arable crops.[53] Agriculture is subsidised by the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy.

Manufacturing

A Rolls-Royce Trent 900 aircraft jet engine

The aerospace industry of the UK is the second- or third-largest aerospace industry in the world, depending upon the method of measurement.[25][26] The industry employs around 113,000 people directly and around 276,000 indirectly and has an annual turnover of around £20 billion.[59][60] British companies with a major presence in the industry include BAE Systems (the world's second-largest defence contractor)[61] and Rolls-Royce (the world's second-largest aircraft engine maker).[62] Foreign aerospace companies active in the UK include EADS and its Airbus subsidiary, which employs over 13,000 people in the UK.[63]

Education, Health and Social Work

The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, a major NHS hospital

In 2008 the education, health and social work sector had a total gross value added of around £170 billion, of which around £145 billion was compensation to employees.[54]

In 2008 education had a gross value added of around £76 billion.[54] In 2007/08 higher education institutions in the UK had a total income of £23 billion and employed a total of 169,995 staff.[82] In 2007/08 there were 2,306,000 higher education students in the UK (1,922,180 in England, 210,180 in Scotland, 125,540 in Wales and 48,200 in Northern Ireland).[82]

Financial and Business Services

The City of London is the world's largest financial centre alongside New York

This industry added gross value of £86,145 million to the UK economy in 2004.[54] The UK's exports of financial and business services make a significant positive contribution towards the country's balance of payments.London is a major centre for international business and commerce and is one of the three "command centres" of the global economy (alongside New York City and Tokyo).[19][21][83][84] There are over 500 banks with offices in London, and it is the leading international centre for banking, insurance, Eurobonds, foreign exchange trading and energy futures. London's financial services industry is primarily based in the City of London and Canary Wharf.

Real Estate and Renting Activities

The Trafford Centre shopping complex in Manchester; it was sold for £1.6 billion in 2011 in the largest

property sale in British history[95]

The UK property market boomed for the seven years up to 2008 and in some areas property trebled in value over that period. The increase in property prices had a number of causes: low interest rates, credit growth, economic growth, rapid growth in buy to-let property investment, foreign property investment in London and planning restrictions on the supply of new housing.

Heathrow Terminal 5 building. London Heathrow Airport has the most

international passenger traffic of any airport in the world.[98][99]

The UK has a radial road network of 46,904 kilometres (29,145 mi) of main roads, with a motorway network of 3,497 kilometres (2,173 mi). There are a further 213,750 kilometres (132,818 mi) of paved roads. There is a railway infrastructure company Network Rail, with train operating companies including foreign state owned companies including Deutsche Bahn AG of 16,116 km (10,014 mi) in Great Britain and 303 route km (189 route mi) in Northern Ireland run by Northern Ireland Railways, which carries over 18,000 passenger trains and 1,000 freight trains per day. Urban rail networks are well developed in Glasgow, Liverpool and London as well as other cities. Plans are now being considered to build new high speed lines by 2025.0

Transport, Storage and communication

Economy of JapanRank 3rd

Currency Japanese Yen (JPY)Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March

Trade organisations APEC, WTO, OECD, G-20, G8 and others

Statistics

Statistics

GDP$5.869 trillion (2011 est.) (nominal; 3rd)

$4.440 trillion (2011 est.) (PPP; 4th)

GDP growth 1.4% ( Q2 2012)

GDP per capita$45,920 (2011 est.) (nominal; 18th)

$34,740 (2011 est.) (PPP; 24th)

GDP by sector agriculture: 1.2%, industry: 27.3%, services: 71.6% (2011 est.)

Inflation (CPI) 0.3% (April 2011)[1]

Populationbelow poverty line 15.7%[2]

Gini coefficient 38.1 (2002)Labour force 65.93 million (2011 est.)Labour forceby occupation

agriculture: 3.9%, industry: 26.2%, services: 69.8% (2010 est.)

Unemployment 4.6% (2011 est.)[1]

Main industries

among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Ease of Doing Business Rank 20th[3]

Economy of Japan

ExternalExports $788 billion (2011 est.)

Export goods

motor vehicles 13.6%; semiconductors 6.2%; iron and steel products 5.5%; auto parts 4.6%; plastic materials 3.5%; power generating machinery 3.5%

Main export partners China 19.7%, US 15.5%, South Korea 8%, Hong Kong 5.2%, Thailand 4.6% (2011)

Imports $808.4 billion (2011 est.)

Import goodspetroleum 15.5%; liquid natural gas 5.7%; clothing 3.9%; semiconductors 3.5%; coal 3.5%; audio and visual apparatus 2.7%

Main import partnersChina 21.5%, US 8.9%, Australia 6.6%, Saudi Arabia 5.9%, UAE 5%, South Korea 4.7% (2011)

FDI stock $161.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)Gross external debt $2.719 trillion (30 June 2011)

Main data source: CIA World Fact BookAll values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars

Economy of Japan

Rank Country Population Date % of world population

10 Japan 127,520,000 Sept. 1, 2012 1.81% Official

Estimate

Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda

Economy of Japan

Economy of Japan

Financial Center in Tokyo

The economy of Japan is the third largest national economy in the world [8] after the United States and the People's Republic of China and is the world's second largest developed economy [9] According to the International Monetary Fund, the country's per capita GDP (PPP) was at $34,739 or the 25th highest in 2011. Japan is a member of Group of Eight. Japanese economy can be fore-casted by Quarterly Tankan survey of business sentiment by the Bank of Japan.[10]

Japan is the world's 3rd largest automobile manufacturing country, has the largest electronics goods industry, and is often ranked among the world's most innovative countries leading several measures of global patent filings.[11] Facing increasing competition from China and South Korea, manufacturing in Japan today now focuses primarily on high-tech and precision goods, such as optical equipment, hybrid cars, and robotics.

Japan is the world's largest creditor nation,[12] generally running an annual trade surplus and having a considerable net international investment surplus. As of 2010, Japan possesses 13.7% of the world's private financial assets (the 2nd largest in the world) at an estimated $14.6 trillion.[13] As of 2011, 68 of the Fortune 500 companies are based in Japan.

Infrastructure

Shinkansen N700 Series (240-300 km/h)

Dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; for instance, 7 JR enterprises, Kintetsu Corporation, Seibu Railway, and Keio Corporation. Often, strategies of these enterprises contain real estate or department stores next to stations. Some 250 high-speed Shinkansen trains connect major cities. All trains are known for punctuality.

Japan's road spending has been large.[25] The 1.2 million kilometers of paved road are the main means of transportation.[26] Japan has left-hand traffic. A single network of speed, divided, limited-access toll roads connects major cities and are operated by toll-collecting enterprises. New and used cars are inexpensive. Car ownership fees and fuel levies are used to promote energy-efficiency.

There are 176 airports and flying is a popular way to travel between cities. The largest domestic airport, Tokyo International Airport, is Asia's second busiest airport. The largest international gateways are Narita International Airport (Tokyo area), Kansai International Airport (Osaka/Kobe/Kyoto area), and Chūbu Centrair International Airport(Nagoya area). The largest ports include Nagoya Port

Infrastructure

Services

Japan Airlines, though faced with massive debts as of 2010, is considered one of the largest airlines in the world.

Japan's service sector accounts for about three-quarters of its total economic output. Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation, and telecommunications are all major industries such as Mitsubishi UFJ, Mizuho, NTT, TEPCO, Nomura, Mitsubishi Estate, Tokio Marine, Mitsui Sumitomo, JR East, Seven & I, and Japan Airlines counting as one of the largest companies in the world. The Koizumi government set Japan Post, one of the country's largest providers of savings and insurance services for privatization by 2014. The six major keiretsus are the Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, Fuyo, Mitsui, Dai-Ichi Kangyo and Sanwa Groups. Japan is home to 326 companies from the Forbes Global 2000 or 16.3% (as of 2006).

Industry

Lexus LS. The rapid growth and success of Toyota's Lexus and other Japanese automakers reflects Japan's strength and global dominance in the automobile industry. Japanese manufacturing is very diversified, with a variety of advanced industries that are highly successful.

Industry is concentrated in several regions, in the following order of importance: the Kantō region surrounding Tokyo, especially the prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama and Tokyo (the Keihin industrial region); the Tōkai region, including Aichi, Gifu, Mie, and Shizuoka prefectures (the Chukyo-Tokai industrial region); Kinki (Kansai), including Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, (the Hanshin industrial region); the southwestern part of Honshū and northern Shikoku around the Seto Inland Sea (the Setouchi industrial region); and the northern part of Kyūshū (Kitakyūshū). In addition, a long narrow belt of industrial centers is found between Tokyo and Fukuoka, established by particular industries, that have developed as mill towns.

Agriculture

Rice is a very important crop in Japan as shown here in a rice paddy in Kurihara, Miyagi.

Only 12% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation. Due to this lack of arable land, a system of terraces is used to farm in small areas. This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, with an overall agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 50% on fewer than 56,000 km² (14 million acres) cultivated.

Japan's small agricultural sector, however, is also highly subsidized and protected, with government regulations that favor small-scale cultivation instead of large-scale agriculture as practiced in North America.

Rank 1st(nominal) / 1st(PPP)

Currency US$ (USD)

Fiscal year October 1 – September 30

Statistics

GDP $15.586 trillion (June 2012)[1][2]

GDP growth 2.1% (June 2011–June 2012) [1][2]

GDP per capita$48,450 (2011)[3][4] (14th, nominal; 6th, PPP)

GDP by sector

agriculture: 1.2%, industry: 19.2%, services: 79.6% (2011 est.)

Economy of the United States of America

Inflation (CPI) 1.7% (August 2011–August 2012) [5][6]

Populationbelow poverty line 15.1% (2010)[7]

Gini coefficient 0.468 (List of countries) [8]

Labor force 154.6 million (includes 12.544 mil. unemployed, August 2012)[9]

Labor forceby occupation

farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7% manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3% managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3% sales and office: 24.2% other services: 17.6%note: figures exclude the unemployed (2009)

Unemployment 8.1% (August 2012)[9] (-0.2%)

Average gross salary $4003 monthly (2011)

Main industries

highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second largest industrial output in world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

Ease of Doing Business Rank 4th[10]

ExternalExports $1.497 trillion (2011 est.)[11]

Export goods

agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0%

Main export partners Canada 19%, Mexico 13.3%, China 7%, Japan 4.5% (2011)

Imports $2.236 trillion (2011 est.)[11]

Import goods

agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys)

Main import partners China 18.4%, Canada 14.2%, Mexico 11.7%, Japan 5.8%, Germany 4.4% (2011)

FDI stock $2.398 trillion (December 31, 2009 est.)

Rank Country Population Date % of world population

3United

States of America

314,497,000 Oct. 2, 2012 4.47%Official

Population Clock

President Barack ObamaPresident of the G8 for 2012

Economy of the United States of America

New York City, financial center of the United States

The economy of the United States is the world's largest national economy. Its nominal GDP was estimated to be over $15 trillion in 2011,approximately a quarter of nominal global GDP.[4] Its GDP at purchasing power parity is the largest in the world, approximately a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity.[4] The U.S. economy also maintains a very high level of output. The U.S. is one of the world's wealthiest nations with per capita GDP (PPP) of $48,450, the 6th highest in the world.[3] The U.S. is the largest trading nation in the world. Its four largest export trading partners are as of 2010: Canada, Mexico, China, and Japan.

The economy of the United States is a mixed economy[19][20] and has maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a moderate unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment. It has been the world's largest national economy (not including colonial empires) since at least the 1890s. Most of the economy is classified as services. As of 2012, the country remains the world's largest manufacturer, representing a fifth of the global manufacturing output. Of the world's 500 largest companies, 133 are headquartered in the United States. This is twice the total of any other country.

Economy of the United States of America

EmploymentThere are 4,352 colleges, universities, and junior colleges in the United States . In 2007, Americans stood second only to Canada in the percentage of 35 to 64 year olds holding at least two-year degrees. Among 25 to 34 year olds, the two-year degree rate is the tenth highest. In 2003 a Supreme Court decision concerning affirmative action in universities allowed educational institutions to consider race as a factor in admitting students. The labour market in the United States has attracted immigrants from all over the world and its net migration rate is among the highest in the world.

For example, the brain drain from Europe to the United States means that some 400,000 European science and technology graduates now live in the U.S. Nearly 14 million immigrants came to the United States from 2000 to 2010. More than 40 percent of the 2010 Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children. They founded seven of the ten most valuable brands in the world.

There are approximately 154.4 million employed individuals in the US. Government is the largest employment sector with 22 million. Small businesses are the largest employer in the country representing 53% of US workers. The second largest share of employment belongs to large businesses that employ 38% of the US workforce. The private sector employs 91% of Americans. Government accounts for 8% of all US workers. Over 99% of all employing organizations in the US are small businesses. The 30 million small businesses in the U.S. account for 64% of newly created jobs (those created minus those lost). Jobs in small businesses accounted for 70% of those created in the last decade. The proportion of Americans employed by small business versus large business has remained relatively the same year by year as some small businesses become large businesses and just over half of small businesses survive more than 5 years.[ Amongst large businesses, several of the largest companies and employers in the world are American companies. Amongst them are Walmart, the largest company and the largest private sector employer in the world, which employs 2.1 million people world-wide and 1.4 million in the US alone.

In April 2010, the official unemployment rate was 9.9%, but the government’s broader U-6 unemployment rate was 17.1%.In the period between February 2008 and February 2010, the number of people working part-time for economic reasons has increased by 4 million to 8.8 million, an 83% increase in part-time workers during the two-year period.

Research, Development, and entrepreneurshipThe late Steve Jobs and Bill Gates were two of the best-known American entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which can be defined as "one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods". This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. When entrepreneurship is describing activities within a firm or large organization it is referred to as intra-preneurship and may include corporate venturing, when large entities spin-off organizations.

Composition

Boeing 747-8 wing-fuselage sections during final assembly.

The United States is the world's largest manufacturer, with a 2009 industrial output of US$2.33 trillion. Its manufacturing output is greater than of Germany, France, India, and Brazil combined. Main industries include petroleum, steel, automobiles, construction machinery, aerospace, agricultural machinery, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, and mining. The US leads the world in airplane manufacturing, which represents a large portion of US industrial output. American companies such as Boeing, Cessna (see: Textron), Lockheed Martin (see: Skunk Works), and General Dynamics produce a vast majority of the world's civilian and military aircraft in factories stretching across the United States.

Notable Companies and MarketsA typical Walmart discount

department store (location: Laredo, Texas).

In 2011, the 20 largest U.S.-based companies by revenue were Walmart, ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Fannie Mae, General Electric, Berkshire Hathaway, General Motors, Ford Motor Company and Hewlett-Packard, AT&T, Cargill, McKesson Corporation, Bank of America, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Apple Inc., Verizon, JPMorgan Chase, and Cardinal Health.

In 2011, four of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization were American: Exxon Mobil, Apple Inc., Chevron Corporation, and Microsoft.According to Fortune Global 500 2011, the ten largest U.S. employers were Walmart, U.S. Postal Service, IBM, UPS, McDonald's, Target Corporation, Kroger, Home Depot, General Electric, and Sears Holdings.

Apple, Google, IBM, McDonald's, and Microsoft are the world's five most valuable brands in an index published by Millward Brown.

A 2012 Deloitte report published in STORES magazine indicated that of the world's top 250 largest retailers by retail sales revenue in fiscal year 2010, 32% of those retailers were based in the United States, and those 32% accounted for 41% of the total retail sales revenue of the top 250.Amazon.com is the world's largest online retailer.

Half of the world's 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers by sales were American-origin in 2011.

Most of the world's largest charitable foundations were founded by Americans.

American producers create nearly all of the world's highest-grossing films. Many of the world's best-selling music artists are based in the United States. U.S. tourism sector welcomes approximately 60 million international visitors every year.

Energy, Transportation, and Telecommunications

Port of Houston, one of the largest ports in the United States.

The United States is the second largest energy consumer in total use The U.S. ranks seventh in energy consumption per-capita after Canada and a number of other countries The majority of this energy is derived from fossil fuels: in 2005, it was estimated that 40% of the nation's energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 23% from natural gas. Nuclear power supplied 8.4% and renewable energy supplied 6.8%, which was mainly from hydroelectric dams although other renewables are included American dependence on oil imports grew from 24% in 1970 to 65% by the end of 2005. At that rate of unchecked import growth, the US would have been 70% to 75% reliant on foreign oil by about 2015.] Transportation has the highest consumption rates, accounting for approximately 68.9% of the oil used in the United States in 2006, and 55% of oil use worldwide as documented in the Hirsch report.

In 2011, the United States imported 3,324 million barrels of crude oil, compared to 3,377 million barrels in 2010. While the U.S. is the largest importer of fuel, the Wall Street Journal reported in 2011 that the country was about to become a net fuel exporter for the first time in 62 years. The paper reported expectations that this would continue until 2020. In fact, petroleum was the major export from the country in 2011.

Internet was developed in the U.S. and the country hosts many of the world's largest hubs.

Finance

The New York Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in the

world.

Measured by value of its listed companies' securities, the New York Stock Exchange is more than three times larger than any other stock exchange in the world. As of October 2008, the combined capitalization of all domestic NYSE listed companies was US$10.1 trillion.

NASDAQ is another American stock exchange and the world's 3rd largest exchange after the New York Stock Exchange and Japan's Tokyo Stock Exchange. However NASDAQ's trade value is larger than Japan's TSE. NASDAQ is the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the U.S. With approximately 3,800 companies and corporations, it has more trading volume per hour than any other stock exchange.

REFERENCES:•1^ a b "National Economic Trends (Nominal GDP)" (PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. October 26, 2012. p. 24. Retrieved October 27, 2012. •2^ a b Gross Domestic Product. 2011 Final Estimate, Bureau of Economic Analysis, retrieved April 7, 2012 •3^ a b c "Gross national income per capita 2011, Atlas method and PPP" (PDF). World Bank. July 9, 2012. Retrieved July 28, 2012. •4^ a b c d "United States". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved April 22, 2012. •5^ "National Economic Trends (Consumer Price Index)" (PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. October 12, 2012. p. 28. Retrieved October 14, 2012. •6^ "Consumer Price Index Summary". Bureau of Labor Statistics. August 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012. •7^ "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010" (PDF). September 2011. pp. 14–15. •8^ "Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009". Newsroom. United States Census Bureau. 2009. •9^ a b "Economic News Release: Employment Situation Summary Table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted". BLS.gov. October 5, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2012. •10^ "Occupational Employment and Wages News Release (May 2011)". BLS.gov. March 27, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2012.

•11.^ "Doing Business in the United States 2012". World Bank. Retrieved November 22, 2011. •12^ a b "National Economic Trends (Exports-Imports)" (PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. July 31, 2012. p. 25. Retrieved August 3, 2012. •13^ a b "The Debt to the Penny and Who Holds It". Treasury Direct. October 11, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012. •14^ a b c "World Debt". usdebtclock.org. •15^ a b c d "Deficit tops $1 trillion for 4th straight year". CNN Money. October 6, 2012. •16 ^ Biggest donors by GDP, BBC News, retrieved November 17, 2008 •17^ "Sovereigns rating list". Standard & Poor's. Retrieved August 20, 2011. •18^ a b c Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (April 15, 2011). "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating". The Guardian (London). Retrieved May 28, 2011. •19^ Riley, Charles (August 2, 2011). "Moody's affirms AAA rating, lowers outlook". CNN. •20^ U.S. Economy and Business – Conditions and Resources. U.S. Department of State. "The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles." Accessed: October 24, 2011. •21 Wikipedia accessed September, .2012