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A Proposal to the IDC Committee �

Submitted by

Kathleen Affholter Associate Professor, Earth Science Natural and Behavioral Sciences

March, 2013

Approved by: ____________________________

_________________________________________

INTRODUCTION        Environment  in  a  Day    To  celebrate  Earth  Day,  I  would  like  to  encourage  our  students  to  get  out  and  take  pictures  of  our  earth  in  the  24  hours  of  4/22/2013.    To  start  the  excitement,  pictures  of  the  Earth  taken  by  astronauts  on  the  International  Space  Station  (ISS)  using  picture  sites  submitted  by  my  geology  students  would  be  displayed  during  the  week  of  Earth  Day  in  the  second-­‐floor  hallways  of  the  Alexander  building,  Hardin  Valley  campus,  the  science  hallway  of  the  Blount  County  campus  and  the  first  floor  of  the  Magnolia  campus  where  geology  classes  are  taught.  Over  the  past  3  years,  my  students  participated  in  3  missions  where  students  chose  picture  sites  along  the  ISS  daytime  orbits  (see  Fig.  1.)    A  significant  factor  in  picture  choice  was  cloud  cover,  so  weather  was  monitored.  Even  with  the  best  efforts,  clouds  blocking  a  picture  on  the  ground  were  not  always  avoided.    Many  pictures  have  been  taken  over  the  years,  to  get  the  dozen  usable  mostly  cloud-­‐free  pictures.    After  a  picture  site  was  selected,  the  latitude  and  longitude  of  the  site  along  with  other  data  were  uploaded  to  the  ISS  cameras.    Within  3-­‐4  weeks,  the  picture  that  was  taken  was  made  available  for  the  students  to  view.      All  of  this  is  made  possible  through  Sally  Ride’s  EarthKam  project  (www.earthkam.ucsd.edu).    Sally  Ride  was  the  first  US  woman  astronaut  and  started  the  project  to  encourage  girls  to  study  science.      I  propose  to  have  these  pictures  of  Earth  taken  from  the  ISS,  printed  and  mounted  on  foam  core  so  they  could  be  displayed  in  the  science  hallways  of  PSCC  and  later  used  in  the  geology  classrooms.  The  pictures  are  currently  loaded  to  a  Google+  web  site  where  students  could  upload  their  own  pictures  of  the  environment  on  Earth  Day.    Whether  good  or  bad,  pristine  stream  or  polluted  river,  with  friends,  with  children  or  alone,  students  could  share  how  they  view  their  environment  and  share  their  prospective  with  others.    Advertisement  to  participate  in  the  Earth  Day  picture  project  would  accompany  each  ISS  picture  displayed  in  the  hallways.    In  addition,  the  EarthKam  pictures  can  be  used  as  a  learning  opportunity.    Each  picture  is  geologically  unique.    Geology  students  will  be  required  to  study  the  pictures  and  determine  the  geologic  events  that  are  unique  to  each  one.    

                                                   Fig.  1  :    The  process  to  get  a  picture  ,  and  an    example  of  ORBITS  (red=daytime)  https://earthkam.ucsd.edu/files/pdf/ISS_EarthKAM_User_Guide.pdf  

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Just  Explosive    This  blue  lake  in  Ethiopia,  Africa,  started  as  a  volcano.    When  the  volcano  spewed  out  its  contents  emptying  the  magma  chamber  below  it,  the  remaining  volcano  collapsed  causing  an  enormous  hole.    This  filled  with  water  making  a  lake.    A  similar  scenario  created  Crater  Lake  in  Oregon,  USA.      

 Ethiopia,  Africa                                      A  PSCC  student  using  EarthKam  obtained  this  picture.    

 Google  Earth  rotated  view  of  caldera                    USGS  illustration  of  volcanoes  in  the  area            

 Not  all  mountains  are  the  same.        The  Andes  Mountains  in  South  America  are  made  of  volcanoes,  the  result  of  an  oceanic  and  a  continental  tectonic  plate  collision.        

 Andes  Mountains      A  PSCC  student  using  EarthKam  obtained  this  picture.    People  that  live  near  the  Andes  Mountains  experience  earthquakes  that  are  associated  with  the  mountain-­‐building  activity.  A  magnitude  8.8  earthquake  in  2010,  off  the  coast  of  Chile,  caused  535  deaths  and  from  4  to  7  billion  dollars  of  damage.    

     An  oceanic-­‐continental  tectonic  plate  collision  creates  volcanic  mountains  like  those  in  Chile  (USGS  illustration).  

The  Himalaya  Mountains  are  rising  as  rocks  smash  into  each  other,  fold,  and  stack  on  top  of  one  another  along  great  breaks  in  the  rocks.    The  folding  and  faulting  in  this  part  of  the  world,  the  border  of  India,  Bhutan,  Nepal,  and  Pakistan  with  China,  is  the  result  of  two  continental  tectonic  plates  colliding.    The  Himalayas  are  not  made  by  the  action  of  igneous  volcanoes,  as  are  the  Andes  Mountains.  The  Himalayas  are  mostly  sedimentary  and  metamorphic  rocks.    Despite  their  austere  beauty,  like  the  Andes,  these  mountains  harbor  dangers,  too.    A  large  earthquake  in  2008  associated  with  mountain  building  killed  69,000  people  in  China.        

 Himalaya  Mountains      A  PSCC  student  using  EarthKam  obtained  this  picture.  

 

   Two  continental  plates  colliding  create  mountains  like  the  Himalayas  (USGS  illustration)    

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Underground water sources are being tapped to supply Libya with water. Ironically, water is being pumped from the desert to the coast because it is cheaper than desalinization of ocean water. Although Libya's primary agricultural water source is the Great Man Made Water (GMMR), research is being done on desalinization since the aquifer being tapped is expected to last between 60 and 1000 years.  

 Agriculture  (black  circles)  in  Libya,  photo  taken  by  a  PSTCC  instructor  using  EarthKam.      Land  color  is  actually  golden  yellow.    

 Image  from  Google  Earth  of  watering  technique                                                    photo  location  in  red                                            

Materials Photos have already been taken from the International Space Station in 2011, 2012, and the spring of 2013 by PSTCC students of geology participating in Sally Ride’s EarthKam program. The pictures have been checked at a photo store web site to see if they can be blown up to the desired size and preserve quality. A Google + web site has been generated for the ISS EarthKam pictures. Students would submit environmental pictures for the Environment in a Day celebration to the Google+ website. Using Google+ is free, but students would have to create a gmail account if they don’t have one to gain access to Google+. Student submitted pictures will be checked on the website to avoid spam or improper material. Other materials needed would be printing and material to mount the photographs on foam core (see Table 1), picture hanging supplies (preferably removable hanging material), and smaller photographs for classroom use (see Table 2.) The NBS department would provide the lamination materials for the smallest pictures, all picture labels and explanations, and invitations to participate in the EarthDay photograph project that would accompany the pictures. Assessment Short-term, the Google+ website would be monitored for Earth Day participation in the “Environment in a day” photo project. Long term, geology students would be expected to study three of the Earth pictures and interpret the geology of each one using Google Earth, their textbook, the world wide web and research papers as aides in a similar, but more in depth way to what has been done above. A written report on the pictures would be turned in at the end of the semester.

Budget. Table 1 Photos mounted to display at 3 campuses. EarthKam    Color  Photos  

Size  (feet)  

Cost  of  print  

Mount  Material  

No.   Cost  

      Foam  core      Andes  Mountains,  S.A.   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Ethiopia  caldera,  Africa   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Himalayas,  Asia   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Australia  meander   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Australia  salt  lakes   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Australia  ocean   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Australia  folds   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Australia  clouds   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Libya  agriculture   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Clouds  in  Atlantic   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Appalachian  Mtns.,  U.S.A.   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99  Hawaii,  U.S.A.   2  X  3     $62.99   $45.00   1   $107.99              Tax  @  9.25%           $119.87  Total           $1415.76    Table  2  For  use  in  the  classroom  at  three  campuses.  EarthKam                  Color  Photos  

Size   Lamination   Photo  Cost  

No.   Cost  

Andes  Mountains,  S.A.   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Ethiopia  caldera,  Africa   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Himalayas,  Asia   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Australia  meander   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Australia  salt  lakes   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Australia  ocean   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Australia  folds   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Australia  clouds   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Libya  agriculture   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Clouds  in  Atlantic   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  Appalachian  Mtns.,  U.S.A.  

5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41  

Hawaii,  U.S.A.   5  X  7   NBS  lamination   $2.47   3   $7.41              Tax  @  9.25%           $8.23  Total           $97.15    Wall  hanging  materials  for  2X3’  photos  

 $30.00  

Grand  Total   (Table  1,  Table  2,  wall  hanging  materials)     $1542.91    

                 

The  next  EarthKam  mission  is  in  April.    Where  would  YOU  take  a  picture?