A Pratical English Grammar - Exercises 1

8/12/2019 A Pratical English Grammar - Exercises 1

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A PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAREXERCISES 1

CONTENTS

Articles PEG chapter I

1 Articles:a/an2Articles:the3 Articles: a/an, the4 Articles and possessive adjectives5 a/an and one

Auxiliary verbs

PEG chapters 10-166 Auiliar! ver"s# Auiliaries conju$ated %ith do/does/did& Auiliar! ver"s' Auiliar! ver"s10 Additions to re(ar)s* usin$ auiliar! ver"s11 A$ree(ents and disa$ree(ents %ith re(ar)s* usin$ auiliar!

ver"s1+ ,uestion ta$s ater ne$ative state(ents13 ,uestion ta$s ater air(ative state(ents14 ,uestion ta$s: (ied15 Auiliaries ollo%ed "! ull or "are ininitive16 Auiliaries: (ied1# have: possessive1&have:various uses1' .hehave o"ject past participle construction+0be+1 it is/there is++canandbe able

23may+4mustandhave to+5must notand need not+6 need notand don't have toetc+#must, can'tandneedn't%ith the perect ininitive

Preset a! "ast tesesPEG chapters 1#-1&

1+46#

&

'10111+

1314

16

1#1&1'+0+1+3+4+5+#+&

+'303133

+


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+& .he si(ple present tense+' .he si(ple present tense30 .he present continuous tense31 .he si(ple present and the present continuous

3+ .he si(ple present and the present continuous33 .he si(ple past tense34 .he si(ple past tense35 .he past continuous tense36 .he si(ple past and the past continuous3# .he si(ple past and the past continuous3& .he present perect tense3' .he present perect and the si(ple past40 .he present perect and the si(ple past41 .he present perect and the si(ple past

4+ .he present perect continuous tense43 .he present perect and the present perect continuous44 forandsince

#uture $%rms PEG chapter 1'

45 .he present continuous tense as a uture or(46 .hebe going toor(4# .he present continuous and thebe going toor(4& .he uture si(ple

4' .he present continuous and the uture si(ple50 will ininitive and thebe going toor(51 will ininitive and thebe going toor(5+ .he uture continuous tense53 will ininitive and the uture continuous54 %ont ininitive and the uture continuous ne$ative55 2econd person interro$ative:will youand other or(s56 shallandwill5# .i(e clauses5& .he uture perect tense

5' .i(e clauses60 wouldandshould61 wouldandshould

C%!iti%alsPEG chapter +1

6+ onditional sentences: t!pe 1

3435363&3'414+4344454#4&5051

545556

5#5&5'60

616+64656#6&6'#1#+#3

#4#5#6

#&

3


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63 onditional sentences: t!pe +64 onditional sentences: t!pe 365 onditional sentences: (ied t!pes66 onditional sentences: (ied t!pes6# ied tenses and ver" or(s

I$iitivePEG chapter +3

6& ull or "are ininitive6' ull or "are ininitive#0 Ininitive represented "! to#1too/enough/so . . . as%ith ininitive#+ arious ininitive constructions#3 Perect ininitive used %ith auiliar! ver"s#4 Perect ininitive used %ith auiliaries and so(e other ver"s

Geru!& i$iitive a! "artici"lesPEG chapters +3-6

#5 .he $erund#6 Gerund and ininitive

## Gerund and ininitive#& Gerund and ininitive#' Ininitive* $erund* present participle&0 7sin$ participles to join sentences&1 isrelated participles

PassivePEG chapter 30

&+ Active to passive&3 Active to passive

&4 Passive to activeI!irect s"eec' PEG chapter 31

&5 Indirect speech: state(ents&6 Indirect speech: state(ents Indirect speech: 8uestions&& Indirect speech: 8uestions

#'&0&1&+&3

&4&4&5&&'0

'1

'+'3

'4'5'#'&100

10110+

103

10410510610#

4


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&' Indirect speech: 8uestions'0 Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* advice epressed "!

o"ject ininitive'1 Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* advice'+ Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* advice'3 Indirect speech: co((ands* re8uests* invitations* oers*

advice'4 Indirect speech: 8uestions* re8uests* invitations* oers* advice'5 Indirect speech: co((ands and 8uestions %ith i-clauses and

ti(e clauses'6 Indirect speech: su$$estions'# Indirect speech: (ied t!pes'& Indirect to direct speech

Pur"%se

PEG chapter 33

'' Ininitive used to epress purpose100 lauses and phrases o purpose

Keys to Practical Exercises

10'

10'

111

11111+113

11411511611#

11&1+0

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Exercises 1

Articles

Articles: a/an PEG 1-4

Insert a or an i necessar!1 ! nei$h"our is photo$rapher9 lets as) hi( or advice a"out colour il(s+ e had ish and chips or lunch ;

.hat doesnt sound ver! interestin$ lunch3 I had ver! "ad ni$ht9 I didnt sleep %in)4


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+3 e% people )no% (hardly anyone knows)that there is secret passa$e ro( thishouse to old s(u$$lers cave in the clis

+4 I( havin$ e% riends in to coee to(orro% evenin$ould !ou li)e to co(e@ ;Id love to* "ut I( araid I( $oin$ to concert

+5 Its ti(e !ou had holida! ou havent had da! o or (onth+6


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!ou cannot ool all people all ti(e

Articles: a/an, the PEG 1-&

Inserta, anorthei necessar!

1 .here %as )noc) on door I opened it and ound s(all dar) (an in "lueovercoat and %oollen cap

+


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++ ust as air hostess (there was only one on the plane)%as handin$ (e cup o coee plane $ave lurch and coee %ent all over person on otherside o $an$%a!

+3 .here %as collision "et%een car and c!clist at crossroads near (!house earl! in (ornin$ c!clist %as ta)en to hospital %ith concussion driver o car %as treated or shoc) %itnesses sa! that car %as$oin$ at sevent! (iles hour

+4 Proessor ones* (an %ho discovered ne% dru$ that ever!one is tal)in$ a"out*reused to $ive press conerence

+5 Peter Piper* student in proessors colle$e* as)ed hi( %h! he reused to tal)to press

+6 ere $oin$ to tea %ith 2(iths toda!* arent %e@ 2hall %e ta)e car@ ; e can $o "! car i !ou %ash car irst e cant $o to rs 2(iths in

car all covered %ith (ud+#


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5 .he! tied hands "ehind "ac) and loc)ed hi( in a cellar6


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li"rar! "oo) to inish I I dont ta)e it "ac) to(orro% Ill have to pa! ine3 (an I (et on the train told (e rather unusual stor!4 ost people li)e rest ater hard da!s %or)* "ut .o( see(ed to have

inehausti"le suppl! o ener$!5 Ive told !ou hundred ti(es not to co(e into roo( %ith hat on6 Its unluc)! to li$ht three ci$arettes %ith (atch ;

.hats onl! superstition nl! idiot "elieves in superstitions#


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Auiliaries here are used "oth alone and as part o various tenses o ordinar! ver"sKead the ollo%in$ aJ in the ne$ative "J in the interro$ative .hese sentences* eceptor nos I and 13* could also "e used or 8uestion ta$ eercises see Eercise 13J

Hote:1 mayor possi"ilit! rarel! "e$ins a sentence Instead %e use do!ou thin) thatJ

present/uture or is su"ject li)el! ininitive:.o( (a! )no%?o !ou thin) thatJ .o( )no%s@Is .o( li)el! to )no%@

+ 7seneedn'tas the ne$ative omust.

1 It (a! cost D100+ en should help %ith the house%or)3 .o( %ould pa! her4 .he! could pla! the $uitar5 ere seein$ ar! to(orro%6 2he ou$ht to )eep it in the rid$e

# ou can understand it& .he police %ere %atchin$ the house' ou can $o %ith hi(10 .he!ve $ot a house11 our "oss %ill "e an$r!1+ .o( should pa! the ine13 .he! (a! co(e toni$ht14 .he! %ere cleanin$ their shoes15


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Auxiliaries conjugated ith !%(!%es(!i!

PEG 106-#* 1+3* 1+6 see also Eercise 1#J

2o(e auiliaries %hen used in certain %a!s (a)e their ne$ative and interro$ativeaccordin$ to the rule or ordinar! ver"s* ie %ithdo.

2o(eti(es either or( is possi"le

a)e the sentences aJ ne$ative and "J interro$ative* usin$ do/does/did

1 .he! have e$$s or "rea)ast+


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4 e (ust read it careull!5


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+ ?o !ou )no% the %a!@3 an !ou s%i(@4 ?oes he co(e ever! da!@5 Is that .o( over there@6 Are !ou .o(s "rother@# ust !ou $o@& Are !ou enjo!in$ !ourselves@' ?id he see !ou@10 ould D10 "e enou$h@11 a! I "orro% !our car@1+ Is this the ront o the 8ueue@13 ill she "e there@14 ?o !ou pla! cards@15 2hould I tell the police@16 an !ou coo)@1# Are !ou read!@1& ould %o(en join the clu"@

1' Is !our na(e Pitt@+0 ere the! ri$htened@+1 ill his (other "e there@++ u$ht I to $et a ne% one@+3 2hould I tell hi( the truth@+4 as the driver )illed@+5


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5 I should "e %earin$ a seat "elt !ouJ6 ohn %ill "e there .o(J# .he irst "us %as ull the secondJ& I "ou$ht a tic)et* (! "rotherJ' ou (ust co(e !our sonJ10 .his "us $oes to Piccadill! thatJ11 I( $ettin$ out at the net stop (! riendJ1+


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PEG 10'

Part I A$ree(ents %ith air(ative re(ar)sA$ree %ith the ollo%in$ re(ar)s* usin$ yes/so pronoun the auiliar! ordo/does/did .o epress surprise* use h* so


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+& I %asnt "orn then+' 2hed rather live alone30 ou $ave hi( (! address31 I can use !our "ic!cle3+ .hat ive pound note "elon$s to (e33


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+3 It didnt (atter ver! (uch+4


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16 Bill puts the (one! in the "an)1# Bill put the (one! in the "an)1& Prices )eep $oin$ up1' Ive seen !ou "eore+0 Bills %ritten a novel+1


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14 But he didnt re(e("er this one15 And his %ie %as ver! disappointed16


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+0 a! I as)J !ou a 8uestion@+1 I shant "e a"le doJ it till ater the holida!s++ I didnt need sa!J an!thin$+3


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+1 .o( )no% the address (om pro$a$ly knows.)++ .o( )no% the address (I"m sure that om knows.)+3 Ive lost (! u("rellaC I let it on the "usC (dedu#tion)+4 .heatre re$ulations: At the end o the peror(ance the pu"lic (are permitted to)

leave "! all eit doors+5 I I !ou Id $et a tai+6 ?id !ou paint it !oursel or did !ou it painted@+# ou (negati*e)to "e drivin$ so ast .heres a speed li(it here+& ou (re+uest)$et (e so(e aspirin %hen !oure at the che(ists

have: possessive

PEG 1++

In British En$lish* have (eanin$ possess is not nor(all! conju$atec %ith do ecept %henthere is an idea o ha"it / ha*en"t (got)a %atch* present possessionJ


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10 ou ever an i(pulse to s(ash so(ethin$@11


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Put the correct or( ohaveinto the ollo%in$ sentences 7seam having, is having,etc* as a uture or(

1 e so(e riends in or dinner to(orro% ni$ht+ ou a $ood journe! !esterda!@

3 ?ont distur" hi(9 he a rest4 e lunch earl! to(orro%5


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I a chance (negati*e)3+ e a lecture net onda!33 I tea %ith her to(orro%34


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+4 Be careul o those )nives I just sharpenJ

Part "Ke%rite the sentences usin$ ahave o"ject past participle construction ando(ittin$ the %ords in "old t!pe Iemployed a plumberto ea(ine (! "oiler Ihad my $oiler e/amined.

+5I pay a garageto service (! car+6 .he tap )eeps drippin$ so I (ustsend for a plumberto see to it+#I paid a watchma#erto clean (! %atch+& An artist is paintin$ her portrait 2he +' .he!arranged for the policeto arrest the (an30


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13 I on a caterin$ course %hen I leave school ! parents have arran$ed it $oJ14 hat is happenin$ no%@ ;

.he injured (an out o the arena carr!J15 Its "etter too earl! than too late16 I %ish !ou here I (iss !ou ver! (uch1# h! did !ou leave hi( "ehind@ ou hi( %ith !ou (hose were your

instru#tions.)ta)eJ1& 2he is learnin$ Italian 2he "! a proessor ro( ilan* teachJ1' I )no% I hal an hour late !esterda! "ut I hal an hour earl! to(orro% ;

Id rather !ou punctual ever! da! see29)+0 It is i(possi"le ri$ht ever! ti(e+1


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& $oin$ to "e a "us stri)e to(orro% ; all ri$ht i a ine da!9 "ut i %et lon$ 8ueues on the 7nder$round

' not an! $lass in the %indo%s9 that is %h! so cold in the roo(10 ver! %et !esterda!9 i(possi"le to $o out11 a lot o rain last %ee) loods ever!%here1+ a thic) o$ last ni$ht several accidents on the (otor%a!13 oolish to drive ast %hen o$$!14 diicult to ind !our %a! round this to%n so (an! streets all loo)in$

eactl! ali)e15 o(e on* childrenC ti(e to $et upC nearl! "rea)ast ti(e16 lunch ti(e %hen %e $et to or)* so lets have lunch there; Ho* not "e ti(e or lunch "ecause our train to Edin"ur$h leaves or) at 13151# a unn! s(ell here turpentine@1& all sorts o stories a"out Ko"in one on each loor ines on the top loor nolit "ut supposed to "e $ood or the i$ure to run up and do%n stairs* @

+& a pit! !ou havent another "edroo( ;es* "ut 8uite a "i$ lot* %hich I a( thin)in$ o turnin$ into a "edroo( a s)!li$ht so not a ventilation pro"le(

+' all sorts o le$ends a"out these caves said that s(u$$lers hid their $oodshere and that an under$round passa$e leadin$ to the villa$e inn

30 .ell (e so(ethin$ a"out3ing 4ear. . .. . ..the stor! o a )in$ %ho divided his )in$do( "et%een his dau$hters oolish to $ive a%a! !our propert! li)e that never certain that !our a(il!%ill "ehave $enerousl! to !ou in return

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reall! a letter* or onl! one sentence on the paper34 a pond "eside !our house@> es* ;


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16 e "orro% u("rellas9 so %e didnt $et %et1# !ou %al) or did the! have to carr! !ou@1& I had no )e! so I loc) the door (negati*e)1' I )ne% the to%n so I advise hi( %here to $o+0 hen the $ara$e had repaired our car %e continue our journe!+1 At ive !ears old he read 8uite %ell++ hen I arrived ever!one %as asleep ortunatel! I %a)e (! sister and she let (e

in+3 .he s%i((er %as ver! tired "ut he reach the shore "eore he collapsed+4 .he police %ere suspicious at irst "ut I convince the( that %e %ere innocent

Part "PEG +++ * ++3 B* +&3-4.his section includes ea(ples ocouldused or polite re8uests and as a conditional

+5 I spea) to r Pitt* please@;I( araid hes out at the (o(ent !ou rin$ "ac) later@

+6 I !ou stood on (! shoulders !ou reach the top o the %all@ ;

Ho* I( araid I (negati*e)+# I I san$ !ou acco(pan! (e on the piano@;

Ho* 1* 1 pla! the pianoC (negati*e, negati*e)+& I a letter co(es or (e !ou please or%ard it to this address@+' 2he (ade the %all ver! hi$h so that "o!s cli(" over it (negati*e)30 .he! too) his passport so that he leave the countr!* (negati*e)31 !ou tell (e the ti(e* please@ ;

I( araid 1 I havent $ot a %atch (negati*e)3+ I !ou had to* !ou $o %ithout ood or a %ee)@;

I suppose I i I had plent! o %ater33 !ou lend (e D5@ ;

Ho* I (negati*e)34 .he! used to chain valua"le "oo)s to li"rar! des)s so that people ta)e the( a%a!(negati*e)

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# People convicted o an oence (ha*e a right to)appeal& I he )ne% our address he co(e and see us' I co(e in@ ;

Please do10 hen he %as a child he (they let him)do eactl! as he li)ed11 I thin) I let (! $lasses in !our oice ou as) !our secretar! to loo) or the(

or (e (re+uest)1+


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' I hadnt enou$h (one! and I pa! "! che8ue10 I never re(e("er his address9 I al%a!s loo) it up11 E(plo!er: ou co(e to %or) in ti(e1+ I !ou $o to a dentist %ith a private practice !ou pa! hi( 8uite a lot o (one!13 ather to s(all son: ou do %hat u((! sa!s14 ! nei$h"ours child practise the piano or three hours a da!15 ?octor: I cant co(e no%

aller: ou co(e9 hes terri"l! ill16 En$lish children sta! at school till the a$e o 161# In (! district there is no $as laid on People use electricit! or ever!thin$1& Hotice a"ove petrol pu(p: All en$ines "e s%itched o1' other to dau$hter: ou co(e in earlier at ni$ht+0 .he shops here dont deliver e carr! ever!thin$ ho(e ourselves+1 .he "uses %ere all ull9 I $et a tai++ Hotice "eside escalators: ?o$s and push chairs "e carried+3 Au pair $irls usuall! do 8uite a lot o house%or)+4 .ell her that she "e here "! si I insist on it

+5 hen a t!re is punctured the driver chan$e the %heel+6 Par) notice: All do$s "e )ept on leads+# 2he learn ho% to drive %hen her local rail%a! station is closed+& Kail%a! notice: Passen$ers cross the line "! the oot"rid$e+' I $ot lost and as) a police(an the %a!30 ar(ers $et up earl!31 I !ou "u! that television set !ou "u! a licence or it3+ hen I chan$ed (! jo" I (ove to another lat33 aiters pa! ta on the tips that the! receive34 ather to son: I cant support !ou an! lon$er9 !ou earn !our o%n livin$ ro( no%

on

35 Kail%a! notice: Passen$ers "e in possession o a tic)et36 henever the do$ %ants to $o out 1 $et up and open the door

!ust not and need not

PEG 146

7semust not or need notto ill the spaces in the ollo%in$ sentences

1 ou rin$ the "ell9 I have a )e!+ Hotice in cine(a: Eit doors "e loc)ed durin$ peror(ances3 ou drin) this: it is poison

4 e drive ast9 %e have plent! o ti(e5 ou drive ast9 there is a speed li(it here6 andidates "rin$ "oo)s into the ea(ination roo(# ou %rite to hi( or he %ill "e here to(orro%& e (a)e an! noise or %ell %a)e the "a"!' ou "rin$ an u("rella It isnt $oin$ to rain10 ou do all the eercise .en sentences %ill "e enou$h11 e reheat the pie e can eat it cold

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1+ other to child: ou tell lies13 ou turn on the li$ht9 I can see 8uite %ell14 ou stri)e a (atch9 the roo( is ull o $as15 ou tal) to other candidates durin$ the ea(16 e (a)e an! (ore sand%iches9 %e have plent! no%1# ou put salt in an! o his dishes 2alt is ver! "ad or hi(1& ou ta)e an!thin$ out o a shop %ithout pa!in$ or it1' ou carr! that parcel ho(e !oursel9 the shop %ill send it+0 ou clean the %indo%s .he %indo%-cleaner is co(in$ to(orro%+1 other to child: ou pla! %ith (atches++ hurch notice: isitors %al) a"out the church durin$ a service+3 1 $o to the shops toda! .here is plent! o ood in the house+4 ou s(o)e in a non-s(o)in$ co(part(ent+5 Police notice: ars "e par)ed here+6 e open the lions ca$e It is contrar! to Moo re$ulations+# ou (a)e !our "ed .he (aid %ill do it+& I %ant this letter t!ped "ut !ou do it toda! .o(orro% %ill do

+' Ill lend !ou the (one! and !ou pa! (e "ac) till net (onth30 e cli(" an! hi$her9 %e can see ver! %ell ro( here31 ou loo) under the "ed .here isnt an!"od! there3+ ou as) a %o(an her a$e Its not polite33 ouve $iven (e too (uch ;

ou eat it all34 e or$et to shut the lit $ates35 other to child: ou interrupt %hen I a( spea)in$36 I !ou %ant the ti(e* pic) up the receiver and dial &0&19 !ou sa! an!thin$

ee! %tand!%)t 'ave t%etc+

PEG 14&-50

Keplace the %ords in "old t!pe "! neednot/need I@ etc* or a ne$ative or interro$ativehave toor( Ive "een invited to a %eddin$9 "ut I cant $o &ill it benecessar! or (e to send a

present@ 5hall I ha*e to send a present'

1It isn't necessary for himto $o on %or)in$


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10 He% teacher to his class:It isn't necessary for youto call (e 2ir9 call (e Bill11 &ill it be necessary for us toreport this accident to the police@1+ hen !ou "u! so(ethin$ on the install(ent s!ste( !ouare not reuired topa! the

%hole price at once13 ?id !ou )no% enou$h En$lish to as) or !our tic)et@

It wasn't necessary to sa! an!thin$ I "ou$ht (! tic)et at a (achine14It isn't necessary to"u! a licence or a "ic!cle in En$land (6e . . .))* Is it essential for you toinish toni$ht@16Is it necessary for people to$o ever!%here "! "oat in enice@1#&ill it be necessary for me tosleep under a (os8uito net@1& ost people thin) that civil servantsare not reuired to%or) ver! hard1' It wasn't necessary to swim e %ere a"le to %ade across+0It isn't necessary for you todrive (e to the station I can $et a tai+1 ur plane %as dela!ed so %e had lunch at the airport But it wasn't necessary topa!

or the lunch .he airline $ave it to us++Is it obligatory for us tovote@+3 hen !ou %ere a childwere you reuired topractise the piano@

+4 I sa% the accident "ut ortunatel!it wasn't necessary for me to$ive evidence asthere %ere plent! o other %itnesses

+5 2(all "o! to riend: It won't be necessary for youto %or) hard %hen !ou co(e to(! school .he teachers arent ver! strict

+6 .he! had plent! o ti(eIt wasn't necessary for them tohurr!+#Is it necessary for you tota)e !our do$ %ith !ou ever!%here@+& hat ti(ewas it necessary for you toleave ho(e@+' I "rou$ht (! passport "ut Iwasn't reuired tosho% it to an!one30 I (issed one da! o the ea(&ill it be necessary for me tota)e the %hole ea(

a$ain@31 Is it reall! necessar! or !ou to practise the violin at 3 a(@

3+ Ever!thin$ %as done or (e It %asnt necessar! or (e to do an!thin$33 Are rench childrenobliged to$o to school on 2aturda!s@34 I %as late or the opera ; &as it necessary for you to%ait till the end o the irst act "eore indin$ !our seat@35


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Ho* I "eJ asleep+ I %onder %ho "ro)e the %ine$lass9 it "eJ the cat or she %as out all da!3 ou helpJ hi( You helped him $ut he didn "t need help.)4 I had (! u("rella %hen I ca(e out "ut I havent $ot it no% ; ou leaveJ it on the "us5


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+& eve sent or a doctor ;ou sendJ or hi( I a( perectl! %ell

+' Ive (ade t%o copies ;ou (a)eJ t%o ne %ould have "een enou$h

30 .here %as a terri"le crash at 3 a( ;.hat "eJ .o( co(in$ in ro( his part!

31 I had to $et do%n the (ountain in a thic) o$ ;.hat "eJ ver! diicult

3+ I sa% Ann in the li"rar! !esterda! ;ou seeJ her9 she is still a"road

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++ .he! l! ro( =ondon to Edin"ur$h+3 .he carpets (atch the curtains+4 .he! realiFe the dan$er+5 I use a co(puter+6 hat do the! do on their da!s o@ ;

.he! do nothin$ .he! lie in "ed all da!+# .he "o!s hurr! ho(e ater school+& .he! push the door open+' .he! )iss their (other30 .he! "o in the $!(nasiu(31 .he! dress %ell3+ our children rel! on !ou33 .he! snatch ladies hand"a$s34 ou r! ever!thin$35 .he taes rise ever! !ear36 .he! do eercises ever! (ornin$

(he si!ple present tensePEG 1#+

Kead the ollo%in$ aJ in the ne$ative "J in the interro$ative

In Hos + and 14*haveis used as an ordinar! ver" and should "e treated as one

1 ou )no% the ans%er+


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+6 .heir nei$h"ours oten co(plain+# .o( enjo!s drivin$ at ni$ht+&


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+4 .he! di$J an enor(ous hole just outside (! $ate ;hat the! doJ that or@ ;I dont )no% Perhaps the! loo)J or oil

+5 hat (a)eJ that terri"le noise@ ;Its the pneu(atic drill .he! repairJ the road

+6 .he children are ver! 8uiet Go and see %hat the! doJ .he! cutJ up so(e D5 notes

+# hat !ou %aitJ or@-I %aitJ or (! chan$e9 the "o! just $etJ it

+& I cant hear %hat !ou sa!J9 the traic (a)eJ too (uch noise+' 2he al%a!s loseJ her $lasses and as)J (e to loo) or the(30 other: hat !ou loo)J at@ 2o(ethin$ happenJ in the street@31 hild: es .he house opposite is on ireC o(e and loo)

other: I cant I "athJ the "a"ies Is the ire Bri$ade here@3+ hild: es ire en$ines rushJ up and the ire(en ju(pJ out and unrollJ their hoses33 2(o)e pourJ ro( the %indo%sC People stopJ to %atch

A police(an tr!J to (ove the( on

34 An old (an cli("J out o a irst loor %indo%CA ire(an helpJ hi(C .%o "o!s slideJ do%n a ropeC

35 A %o(an %aveJ ro( the attic and a ire(an $oJ up a ladder to help herC36 Ho% he co(eJ do%n a$ainC

?ont %orr! I not li)eJ that set an!%a!11 I %earJ (! sun$lasses toda! "ecause the sun is ver! stron$1+ .o( cant have the ne%spaper no% "ecause his aunt readJ it13 I( "us! at the (o(ent I redecorateJ the sittin$ roo(14 .he )ettle "oilJ no% 2hall I (a)e the tea@

41


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15 ou enjo!J !oursel or %ould !ou li)e to leave no%@ -I enjo!J (!sel ver! (uch I %antJ to sta! to the end

16


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.o( doJ that so(eti(es "ut it not see(J to (a)e an! dierence

(he si!ple present and the present continuousPEG 164-#4

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the si(ple present or present continuous tense

1 hat .o( thin)J o the Bud$et@ -


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+6 h! rs Pitt loo)J so an$r!@ ;r Pitt s(o)eJ a ci$arette and dropJ the ash on the carpet

+# .his is our itinerar! e leaveJ ho(e on the &th* arriveJ in Paris on the 'th* spendJthe da! in Paris* and setJ out that ni$ht or enice ;

.hat soundJ (ost interestin$ ou (ust tell (e all a"out it %hen !ou $etJ "ac)+& .his stor! is a"out a "o! %ho (a)eJ riends %ith a sna)e %hich he indJ in his

$arden .hen he $oJ a%a! "ut he not or$etJ the sna)e and so(e !ears later hereturnJ and loo)J or it

+'


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1+ I see hi( ever! da!13 .o( sin$s in the choir14


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1'


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1' hen I irst (et hi( he %or)J in a restaurant+0


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I li)eJ it ver! (uch13 I shareJ a lat %ith hi( %hen %e %ere students


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30 A little later the teacher noticeJ that s(o)e riseJ ro( this des)ou s(o)eJ %hen I co(eJ in@ he as)J

31 hile I s%i(J so(eone stealJ (! clothes and I have toJ %al) ho(e in (!s%i(suit

3+ .he (en sa!J that the! %or)J on the road outside (! house and that the! %antJso(e %ater to (a)e tea

33


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10 ou hearJ ro( her latel!@ -Ho* 1

11 I just %ashJ that loor1+ .he cat stealJ the ish13 ou eplainJ the eercise@ ;

es* 114 .here arent an! "uses "ecause the drivers $oJ on stri)e15 ou haveJ enou$h to eat@ ;

es* I haveJ plent!* than) !ou16 harles passJ his ea(@ ;

es* he1#


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Yes, I ha*e. "J es* I "eJ there last ni$ht Yes, I was there last night.

1


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+1


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+1


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6


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ou %inJ@ ; Ho* %e co(eJ in last+1


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or so(e ti(e no% the! %earJ special paddin$*36 .hat house "eJ e(pt! or a !ear But the! just ta)eJ do%n the or 2ale si$n* so I

suppose so(eone "u!J it

(he present per$ect continuous tense

PEG 1'0-1Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present perect continuous tense

1 I (a)eJ ca)es .hat is %h! (! hands are all covered %ith lour+


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34 our in$ers are ver! "ro%n ou s(o)eJ too (uch35 ou usuall! )no% %hen so(eone eatJ $arlic36 Ever since he ca(e to us that (an tr!J to (a)e trou"le

(he present per$ect and the present per$ect continuous

PEG 1'1-+

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the present perect or the present perect continuoustense

In so(e cases either could "e usedJ

1 e %al)J ten )ilo(etres+ e %al)J or three hours3 ou %al)J too ast .hats %h! !ou are tired4 I (a)eJ sausa$e rolls or the part! all the (ornin$5


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I hardl! sa!J an!thin$3+ .he driver o that car soundJ his horn or the last ten (inutes33 It rainJ or t%o hours and the $round is too %et to pla! on* so the (atch "eJ

postponed34


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34


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here !ou leaveJ !our car@ ;I not ta)eJ the car

34


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(he present continuous and thebe *%i* t%$or! PEG +0+-6

Planned uture actions can "e epressed "! the present continuous tense %ith a ti(eepression or "! thebe going toor( %ith or %ithout a ti(e epression .he present

continuous is (ainl! used or ver! deinite arran$e(ents in the near uture .he "e $oin$to or( can "e used (ore %idel!7se the present continuous %here possi"le in the ollo%in$ sentences and put there(ainin$ ver"s into thebe going toor(

1 I pla!J "rid$e toni$ht %ith .o( and Ann+


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+'


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31 I the! all over the( and hurt the(selves the! sueJ !ou3+ Announce(ent: rs Pitt presentJ the priFes33 I !ou %ant t%ent! ci$arettes !ou haveJ to $ive (e (ore (one!34 Hotice: .he (ana$e(ent not "eJ responsi"le or articles let on the seats35 I I drop this it eplodeJ36 hat !our ather sa!J %hen he hears a"out this accident@ ;


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30 I he doesnt %or) hard he not passJ his ea(31 2he $oJ on a cruise net su((er3+ I (oveJ to a ne% lat net %ee)33 I a( sorr! that the child sa% the accident ;

I dont thin) it (atters


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1 ou openJ the door or (e* please@ ;es* certainl!

+ ou doJ the %ashin$-up toni$ht@ ;Ho* I thin) it can %ait till to(orro%

3 I( loo)in$ or (! easel ; ou paintJ so(eones portrait@4 ou readJ this passa$e aloud* please* said the ea(iner5 ou eatJ an! (ore o this* or shall I tell the %aiter to ta)e it a%a!@6 ou arent %earin$ !our cli("in$ "oots ou not cli("J the (ountain %ith the others@# ou listenJ to (eC said his (other an$ril!& ou putJ (! car a%a! ro( (e* please@ ;

es* certainl!' ou haveJ another cup o coee@ ;

Ho* than) !ou10 h! did !ou "u! all these e$$s@ ou (a)eJ an enor(ous o(elette@11 .heres the phone a$ain .a)e no notice ;

ou not ans%erJ it@1+ ou co(eJ and see (e ater the class@ I %ant to discuss !our %or) %ith !ou13 I see that !ou have ordered the uardian.ou reall! readJ it@14 ou "u!J sta(ps@ ;

es* I a( ;.hen !ou "u!J so(e or (e* please@

15 ou lendJ (e !our ishin$ rod@ ;es* o course here !ou ishJ@

16 ou inishJ this "oo) or shall I ta)e it "ac) to the li"rar!@1# ou $iveJ (e lp* please@ ;

es* here !ou are ou (a)eJ a telephone call@

1& ou leaveJ that coil o "ar"ed %ire in the hall@ 2o(eone %ill all over it i !ou do1' ou "athJ !our do$@ ;

es* !ou helpJ (e@+0 ou driveJ* please@ I dont li)e drivin$ at ni$ht+1 ou rideJ that horse@


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36 I I catch so(e ish* !ou coo)J the( or (e@

(he $uture continuous tensePEG +11-13

.his tense can "e used

1 %ith a point in ti(e to indicate that the action %ill "e$in "eore this ti(e and continueater it

+ %ith or %ithout a ti(e to epress a uture %ithout intention In this %a! it is ver! li)ethe present continuous* "ut it is not* li)e the present continuous* restricted in ti(e and is a(ore detached and casual %a! o epressin$ the uture It oten i(plies that the action%ill occur in the ordinar! course o events or as a (atter o routine

Ecept %hen used as in I* a"ove* this tense can usuall! "e replaced "! one o the otheruture or(s* thou$h the eact shade o (eanin$ (a! then "e lostJ

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the uture continuous tense1 .his ti(e net (onth I sitJ on a "each+ hen !ou arrive I pro"a"l! pic)J ruit3 hen %e reach En$land it ver! li)el! rainJ4 In a e% da!s ti(e %e l!J over the P!renees5 Ill call or her at ei$ht ; Ho* dont9 she still haveJ "rea)ast then6 I %aitJ or !ou %hen !ou co(e out# hen !ou net see (e I %earJ (! ne% dress& ! son %ill "e in the sith or( net !ear ; .hat (eans that old ?r Adder teachJ hi( (athe(atics

' Ill $ive ac) !our (essa$e I can do it easil! "ecause I seeJ hi( to(orro% e $o to%or) on the sa(e train10 ou doJ $eo(etr! net ter(11 Ill loo) out or !ou at the parade ; ?o* "ut I %earJ unior( so !ou (a! ind it hard to reco$niFe (e1+ e have to do ni$ht dut! here I doJ (ine net %ee)13 In a hundred !ears ti(e people $oJ to ars or their holida!s14


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I epect the! haveJ their supper+4 .he $arden loo)J its "est net (onth+5 It %ont "e eas! to $et out o the countr!.he police %atchJ all the ports+6 hat the tide doJ at si to(orro% (ornin$@ ; It co(eJ in+# Ive just re(e("ered that I let the "athroo( taps on I epect the %ater lo%J do%n

the stairs "! no%+& ou needJ !our ca(era to(orro% or can I"orro% it@+' eve just $ot to the top in ti(e .he sun riseJ in a (inute30 Air hostess: e ta)e oJ in a e% (inutes Please asten !our saet! "elts31 ed "etter $o out to(orro% "ecause ar! practiseJ the piano all day+

3+ ?ont rin$ her up at 6009 she putJ the children to "ed Kin$ later33 e are (a)in$ a house-to-house collection o thin$s or the ju("le sale e co(eJto

!our house net %ee)34 .hat oot"all clu" has lost so(e o its pla!ers .he! loo) outJ or ne% (en

35 hen I $et ho(e (! do$ sitJ at the door %aitin$ or (e36 =ets $o do%n to the har"our9 the ishin$ "oats all co(eJ in "ecause o the $ale

+ill) in$initive and the $uture continuous PEG +01* +11-14

2ee note or previous eercisePut the ver"s in "rac)ets into the appropriate uture or(* usin$ will ininitive or theuture continuous here alternative or(s are possi"le the! %ill "e $iven in the )e!J

1 .here is $oin$ to "e a "us stri)e Ever!one %al)J to %or) net+ ouve just (issed the last trainC ;

Hever (ind* I %al)J3 Ill rin$ !ou to(orro% at si ;

Ho* dont rin$ at si9 I "athJ the "a"! then Kin$ later4 other: our ace is dirt!

hild: All ri$ht* I %ashJ it5 ill !ou have lunch %ith (e on the +4th@ ;

Id love to* "ut I( araid I doJ (! ea( then6 I %or)J or r Pitt net %ee) as his o%n secretar! %ill "e a%a!# ou haveJ so(ethin$ to drin)* %ont !ou@& h! did !ou ta)e his raFor@


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14 ouve let the li$ht on ;h* so I have I $oJ and turn it o

15 Ive just "een appointed assistant at the local li"rar! ;.hen !ou %or)J under (! sister 2he is head li"rarian there

16 I %ant to post this letter "ut I dont %ant to $o out in the rain ;I postJ it or !ou I $oJ out an!%a! as I have to ta)e the do$ or a %al)

1# .he pri(a "allerina is ill so I epect her understud! danceJ instead1& .oda! is Gu! a%)es ?a!9 this evenin$ people letJ o ire%or)s and (a)eJ

"oniresin the streets

1' ilitar! order: 2entries re(ainJ on dut! till the! are relieved+0 .his ti(e net onda! I sitJ in a Paris cae readin$4e ;igaro.

ou not readJ oull "e loo)in$ at all the prett! $irls+1 a$es have $one up* so I suppose prices $o upJ too++ It is nearl! autu(n9 soon the leaves chan$eJ colour+3 other on phoneJ: ! son has just "urnt his hand ver! "adl!

?octor: I co(eJ at once

+4 usto(er in restaurant: aiter* this plate is dirt!aiter: I( sorr!* sir* I "rin$J !ou another

+5 In a e% !ears ti(e %e all liveJ in houses heated "! solar ener$!+6 Its "e$innin$ to $et dar)9 the street li$hts $o onJ in a e% (inutes+# e not pla!J po)er at the part! toni$ht9 our hostess doesnt approve

o cards+& =ets %ait here9 the s%in$ "rid$e openJ in a (inute to let that ship throu$h+' Guest: a! I use !our phone to rin$ or a tai@


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in the )e!J

1 I dont li)e that (an and I not helpJ hi(+


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.econd person interrogative:+ill y%u and other $or!s PE% 2&*

will you+oten introduces a re8uest or invitation* and so(eti(es a co((and It is otenused also to introduce 8uestions a"out intentions %hen the situation re8uires anunpre(editated decision ou can have either hich %ill !ou have@ ouve (issed the last train hat %ill !ou do no%@

or other t!pes o intention* ho%ever* it is usuall! saer to use one o the other utureor(s:be going to,the present continuous or the uture continuous %hich is consideredthe (ost polite or(J

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into one o the our or(s hen (ore than one ans%er ispossi"le* this %ill "e noted in the )e!

1 h! are !ou ta)in$ all that "read %ith !ou@ ou eedJ the s%ans@+ ou letJ !our lat a$ain net su((er@3 ou li$htJ the ire or (e* please@


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es ;.hen !ou $etJ (e t%ent! ci$arettes@

+3 ou co(eJ to the otor 2ho% %ith (e net ednesda!@ ;.han) !ou ver! (uch Id love to

+4 Ill "e $oin$ a"road net %ee) Is there an!thin$ I can $et !ou@ou passJ throu$h Paris@ ;es* I spendJ a e% da!s there.hen !ou $etJ (e so(e scent@

+5 I see that !ou are repairin$ !our old henhouse ou )eepJ hens@+6 Ive just "ou$ht (! tic)ets ;

ou travelJ "! sea or air@+# hat are all these slates or@ ou repairJ !our roo@+& ou holdJ (! parcels* please* %hile I put up (! u("rella@+' ou $oJ to adeira as usual this su((er@30 ou )indl! eplainJ %h! !ou didnt do %hat I told !ou@31 ou reco$niFeJ hi(* do !ou thin)@3+ Ive chosen a school or (! son ;

ou sendJ hi( to a pu"lic school or to a 2tate school@33 Passen$er to "us conductor: ou tellJ (e %here to $et o* please34 ou $oJ "! car@ I so* %ould !ou $ive (! "rother a lit@35 ou t!peJ all ni$ht a$ain@ Because i so I thin) Ill $o to a hotel36 ou stopJ interruptin$C Ill never $et inished i !ou dont )eep 8uiet

s'alland+illPEG +01* +0#-&* +33-4

shallis correct or the irst person o the uture si(ple ecept %hen this or( is used toepress intentionJ* "ut in the air(ative and ne$ativewillis ver! oten used instead* ie%e can sa!* I/%e %ill and I/%e %ont instead o I/%e shall and I/%e shant In the Iinterro$ativewillshould not "e used to replaceshall.

.here are so(e rather old-ashioned or or(al constructions %here shallis used %ith thesecond or third persons


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6 our ather hear o this 0I"ll #ertainly tell him.)# %e $o to the cine(a@ ;

es* lets& 2he tell the sa(e stor! over and over a$ain 0o$stinate insisten#e)' lu" rule: e("ers %rite the na(es o their $uests in the "oo) provided10 .heatre re$ulation: Persons not "e per(itted to sit in the $an$%a!s11 here I "e in si !ears ti(e* I %onder@1+


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1 hen he returnJ Ill $ive hi( the )e!+


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# B! net %inter the! "uildJ our houses in that ield& hen %e reach alparaiso %e sailJ all round the %orld' At the rate he is $oin$ he spendJ all his (one! "! the ti(e he is t%ent!-one10 B! this ti(e net !ear I saveJ D+5011 B! the ti(e %e $et to the part! ever!thin$ "eJ eaten1+ .he train leaveJ "eore %e reach the station13 I I continue %ith (! diet I loseJ 10 )ilos "! the end o the (onth14 B! the end o (! universit! course I attendJ 1*+00 lectures15 B! the end o this %ee) (! illness costJ (e D10016 B! the ti(e that he leaves school his parents spendJ D+5*000 on his education1# B! the end o the ter( I readJ all t%elve volu(es1& hen !ou co(e "ac) I inishJ all the house%or)1' .he police hearJ o the thet "! this ti(e+0 e drin)J all that %ine "! the end o the !ear+1 n the ourth o net (onth he "eJ in prison or ten !ears++ hen %e reach re%e %e doJ hal o the journe!+3 At this rate !ou "rea)J all the %ine $lasses "! the end o the (onth

+4 I %e dont hurr! the sun riseJ "eore %e reach the top+5 I( $oin$ to

oull "e too late B! the ti(e !ou $et there the! inishJ their speeches andever!"od! $oJ ho(e

+6 B! (idni$ht he "eJ unconscious or ort!-ei$ht hours+# B! the end o the (onth 5*000 people seeJ this ehi"ition+& B! net April I pa!J D3*000 in inco(e ta+' I suppose that %hen I co(e "ac) in ten !ears ti(e all these old houses "eJ pulled

do%n30 n +1 cto"er the! "eJ (arried or t%ent!-ive !ears31 Ater this peror(ance I seeJ-amlett%ent!-t%o ti(es

3+ .he stri)e leader said* B! (idni$ht 500 (en co(eJ out on stri)e33 At !our present rate !ou "urnJ all that coal "! the end o the (onth*34 .he treasurer said* B! the end o the !ear all our de"ts "e paidJ o35 .ourist: eve onl! $ot ive hours in Ko(e9 %e are leavin$ "ut I( sure that %e seeJ

ever!thin$ o i(portance "! then36


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3 hen %e haveJ our injections I epect %ell eel a%ul4 hen I "eJ here or a !ear Ill as) or a rise5 hen .o( $oJ Ill tell !ou a secret6 B! the ti(e he $etJ "ac) ro( his holida! the (il)(an %ill have let t%ent!-one

"ottles o (il) outside his door# ?ont drive at (ore than 50 )ph till !our car doJ 4*000 )ilo(etres& hen !ou doJ 4*000 )ilo(etres !ou can drive it at #0 )ph' hen !ou open the sae !ou seeJ a s(all "lac) "o10 hen %e haveJ lunch %ell $o or a %al)11 hen the "ell rin$s I ta)eJ the (eat out o the oven1+ Ill "olt all the doors "eore I $oJ to "ed13 hen %e seeJ the cathedral %ell $o to the (useu(14 ell have to sta! up this tree till the "ull $oJ a%a!15


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# .hat dress doesnt suit !ou9 !ou "u! another& I !ou pulled the co((unication cord the train stop and !ou "e ined' .he! %ent to the cine(a at +30* so the! "e "ac) here "! 60010 !ou please help (e %ith this@11 It is ver! stran$e that he thin) that1+ I %ish he not pla! his radio so loudl!13 !ou "e ver! )ind and lend (e !our t!pe%riter@14 I li)e to )no% %here !ou have "een15 It %as decided that the (atter "e reerred to a special co((ittee16 Perhaps !ou "e )ind enou$h to let us )no% a"out this1# I the telephone rin$ please sa! that Ill "e "ac) at si1& !ou li)e to co(e or !ou rather sta! here@1' .here are too (an! accidents Ever!one "e (uch (ore careul+0 .heir (ethod %as al%a!s the sa(e9 the! %ait till their victi( had let the "an)

and then $o up to hi( and as) or a li$ht+1 hat are !ou doin$ here@ ou "e in "ed++ It is essential that this (atter "e )ept out o the ne%spapers

+3


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the villa$e police(an

# hen he ound out that the (an had s(allpo he ur$ed that ever! eort "e (adeto

contact his ello% passen$ers& I %ish !ou $o out or sit do%n


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o the ne% polic!33 I I had had his education and he had had (ine perhaps I "e sittin$ at his des) and

he "e out here s%eepin$ the streets*34


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31 I !ou not "elieveJ %hat I sa!* as) !our (other3+ I he li)eJ the house %ill he "u! it@33 I !ou %ill )indl! sit do%n I (a)eJ en8uiries or !ou34 7nless I have a 8uiet roo( I not "e a"leJ to do an!%or).35 2he %ont open the door unless she )no%J %ho it is36 2hould !ou re8uire an!thin$ else please rin$J the "ell or the attendant

1onditional sentences: type 2 PEG +++

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tenses

1 I I had a t!pe%riter I t!peJ it (!sel + I I )no%J his address Id $ive it to !ou 3


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1onditional sentences: type 3

PE% 223

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct tenses

1 I I had )no%n that !ou %ere in hospital I visitJ !ou

+ .he $round %as ver! sot But or that* (! horse %inJ 3 I !ou arriveJ ten (inutes earlier !ou %ould have $ot a seat 4 ou %ould have seen (! $arden at its "est i !ou "eJ here last %ee) 5 But or his 8uic)ness I "eJ )illed 6 I shouldnt have "elieved it i I not seeJ it %ith (! o%n e!es # I he had slipped he allJ 500 (etres & I he had as)ed !ou* !ou acceptJ@ ' I I hadJ a (ap I %ould have "een all ri$ht10 I I )no%J that !ou %ere co(in$ Id have "a)ed a ca)e11 I oerJ to help hi( i I had realiFed that he %as ill1+ I !ou had let that %asp alone it not stin$J !ou

13 I I realiFeJ %hat a "ad driver !ou %ere I %ouldnt have co(e %ith !ou14 I I had realiFed that the traic li$hts %ere red I stopJ15 But or the o$ %e reachJ our destination a$es a$o16 I !ou had told (e that he never paid his de"ts I not lendJ hi( the (one!1# I !ou not sneeFeJ he %ouldnt have )no%n that %e %ere there1& I !ou putJ so(e (ustard in the sand%iches the! %ould have tasted "etter1' .he hens not $etJ into the house i !ou had shut the door+0 I he had )no%n that the river %as dan$erous he not tr!J to s%i( across it+1 I !ou spea)J (ore slo%l! he (i$ht have understood !ou++ I he had )no%n the %hole stor! he not "eJ so an$r!+3 I shouldnt have eaten it i I )no%J that there %as $in$er in it+4 I I tr!J a$ain I thin) that I %ould have succeeded

+5 ou not $etJ into trou"le i !ou had o"e!ed (! instructions+6 I !ou hadnt "een in such a hurr! !ou not putJ su$ar into the sauce instead o salt+# I I "eJ read! %hen he called he %ould have ta)en (e %ith hi(+& 2he had a headache9 other%ise she co(eJ %ith us+' I she had listened to (! directions she not turnJ do%n the %ron$ street30 I !ou loo)J at the en$ine or a (o(ent !ou %ould have seen %hat %as (issin$31 Ko(e "e capturedJ "! her ene(ies i the $eese hadnt cac)led3+


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& .r! on the "lue one i ' I these $ates are loc)ed 10 I %e leave "eore "rea)ast 11 I the river rises an! hi$her 1+


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+0


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1' I advised hi( as)J the "us conductor tellJ hi( %here $etJ o+0 It is "etter putJ !our (one! in a "an) than )eepJ it under !our "edin an old

stoc)in$+1


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ell la( %illin$ to apolo$iFe it he apolo$iFes irst& ?id !ou reserve seats on the train@ ; Ho I tried to reserve the( "ut the! had all "een "oo)ed alread! ' ?id !ou ans%er the letter@ ; Ho* I intended to ans%er it "ut I( araid I or$ot10 h! didnt !ou hit hi(@ ; I %as araid to hit hi(11 Id love to spend a ni$ht in a haunted roo( ; Id hate to spend a ni$ht in a haunted roo(1+ h! didnt !ou as) !our ather or the (one!@ ; I didnt li)e to as) hi(13 ?id !ou $et a chance to l! the aeroplane !oursel@ ; Ho* I %anted to l! it "ut the pilot %ouldnt let (e14 h! doesnt he punish his "o!s %hen the! diso"e! hi(@ ;


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+5 e arent ver! hi$h e cant see the su((it+6 ou arent ver! old ou cant understand these thin$s+#


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+1 I %as on the point of lea*ingthe house %hen the phone ran$++ his is the plan? someone will meet youat the station

ou "e (etJ at the stationJ+3 2he is anious that they should ha*eever! possi"le advanta$e+4It is said thathe %as a "rilliant scientist


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11 .he prisoner (es#ape)this %a!* or here are his ootprints1+ ou liedto hi(*which was wrong.13 I didnt reco$niFe the voice at the other end o the line ;

It ($e)(! elder sister9 she is oten at ho(e at that ti(e It (not$e) (! !oun$est sisteras she is a"road

14 2o(eone (#ook)a (eal here latel!9 the stove is still hot15 Ive "rou$ht (! o%n sand%iches ;

ou (not $ring)the( I have enou$h or t%o16 .he "ur$lar %ent strai$ht to the sae althou$h it %as hidden "e picture ;

2o(eone (tell)hi( %here it %as1# .he president (un*eil)the statue* "ut he is ill so his %ie is doin$ instead+1& .he plane is late9 I %onder %hat has happened@ ;

Possiblyit wasdela!ed "! o$1' I have never (et hi( ;

ou (meet)hi(9 he lives net door to !ou+0 I (do)it It %as (! dut! to do it* "ut I didntJ+1


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date + ou repeatedit*which was unnecessary. 3 .here (seem) ($e)a i$ht here Ever!thin$ is s(ashed to "its 4 e (set)out toda!* "ut the %eather is so "ad that %e decided to postpone our start till

to(orro% 5 I thou$ht the! %ere (ushroo(s ;

ou (not eat)the( unless !ou %ere sure .he! ($e)poisonous 6


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33 I said that I couldnt ind (! pen and he said thatperhapsso(e"od! had $orrowedit34 I (like) (ask)a 8uestion "ut I %as sittin$ so ar "ac) that I didnt thin) Id "e heard35 .here ($e)a ort here at one ti(e ou can see %here the oundations %ere36 .he dinosaur ($e said) ($e)rather a stupid ani(al

%erund, in$initive and participles

(he gerund PEG +5#

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the $erund

1


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to his o%n advanta$e

%erund and in$initivePEG +66-#1

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct or( $erund or ininitiveJ

1 I a( loo)in$ or%ard to seeJ !ou+


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PEG +66-#1

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into the correct or( $erund or ininitiveJ

1


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36 Id hate "eJ "eside a volcano %hen it started eruptJ

%erund and in$initivePEG +66-#1

Aterli#eit is so(eti(es possi"le to use either $erund or ininitive* "ut there tends to "e

a sli$ht dierence in i(plicationli#e $erund usuall! (eans enjo!9 it also usuall! i(plies that the action is/%asperor(ed: I li)e s)atin$ L I enjo! s)atin$ and do s)ateJli#e ininitive has (ore the (eanin$ o approve o* li)e the idea or ha"it In theair(ative it $ives no indication as to %hether the action is peror(ed or not* and in thene$ative i(plies that it is not peror(ed I didnt li)e sa!in$ it usuall! (eans 1 said it* un%illin$l!* "ut

I didnt li)e to sa! it usuall! (eans 1 didnt sa! it "ecause it didnt see( ri$ht orsensi"leJ .he distinction* ho%ever* is not ri$id .he a"ove notes are* thereore* onl!$uides %hich (a! sael! "e ollo%ed

Put the ver"s in "rac)ets into $erund or ininitive

1 I used rideJ a lot "ut I havent had a chance doJ an! since co(eJ here ; I ride so(eti(es ould !ou li)e co(eJ %ith (e net ti(e@

+ ost people preer spendJ (one! to earnJ it 3 I resented "eJ unjustl! accused and as)ed hi((apologie.

4 It isnt $ood or children eatJ too (an! s%eets 5 I didnt eel li)e %or)J so I su$$ested spendJ the da! in thegarden. 6 h! do !ou )eep loo)J "ac)@ Are !ou araid o "eJ ollo%ed@ # ?o !ou re(e("er postJ the letter@ ;

es* I do9 I posted it in the letter-"o near (! $ate & ?id !ou re(e("er loc)J the door@ ;

Ho* I didnt Id "etter $oJ "ac) and doJ it no% ' ou still have a lot learnJ i !oull or$ive (! sa!J so10 Its no use tr!J interruptJ hi( oull have %aitJ till he stops tal)J11 I( or doJ nothin$ till the police arrive .he! dont li)e !ou (oveJ an!thin$ %hen a

cri(e has "een co((itted1+


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++


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10 .his "oo) tells !ou ho% %inJ at $a(es %ithout actuall! cheatJ11 .he $un(an "e$an ireJ


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oin each o the ollo%in$ pairs o sentences* usin$ either a present participle e$knowing,a past participle e$ known,or a perect participle e$ ha*ing known.Hu("ers1#* +&* 33* and 36 contain three sentences each o("ine these in the sa(e %a!


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%al)ed slo%l! to%ards the Foo entrance34 .he $overn(ent once tried to ta people accordin$ to the siFe o their houses .he!

put a ta on %indo%s35 I had heard that the caves %ere dan$erous I didnt li)e to $o an! urther %ithout a

li$ht36 2he %ore etre(el! ashiona"le clothes 2he %as surrounded "! photo$raphers and

press(en 2he s%ept up to the (icrophone

isrelated participlesPEG +&0

A participle is considered to "elon$ to the noun or pronoun that i((ediatel! precedes it%hich usuall!* "ut not necessaril!* is the su"ject o the (ain ver"J .he "o!* #lim$ingthe tree to $et "irds e$$s* had a "ad allI there is no noun/pronoun in this position the participle is considered to "elon$ to thesu"ject o the ollo%in$ (ain ver": 7lim$ingthe tree to $et "irds e$$s* the "o! had a "ad all

2o(eti(es this principle is disre$arded and conusion results: li("in$ do%n the tree* one o the e$$sbro#e..his %ord order (a)es it appear that the e$$ %as cli("in$* %hich is nonsenseA participle lin)ed in this %a! to the %ron$ noun/pronoun is said to "e (isrelated.he sentence should "e re%ritten: 7lim$ing down the tree he $roke one of the eggs or &s he was #lim$ing down the tree one of the eggs $roke.

ther ea(ples o this t!pe o error are $iven "elo% orrect the sentences 2o(eti(esonl! a chan$e o order is re8uired

1 hen leavin$ a car in this car par) the "ra)es (ust "e let o + adin$ across the river* the current s%ept (e o (! eet 3 hen illin$ a tan) %ith petrol na)ed li$hts should "e etin$uished 4 Kunnin$ into the roo(* a ru$ cau$ht her oot and she ell 5 Keadin$ the letter a second ti(e* the (eanin$ "eco(es clearer 6 hen carr!in$ a $un it should never "e pointed at an!one # hen plantin$ these lo%ers care (ust "e ta)en not to da(a$e the roots & Kidin$ in his irst race* his horse ell at the last ju(p ' hen pa!in$ "! che8ue* a "an) card should "e sho%n10 Nno%in$ (e to "e the ool o the a(il!* the ne%s that I had %on a scholarship

astonished hi(11 Believin$ that his last hour had co(e* his hands "e$an to tre("le1+ Passin$ under a ladder* a pot o paint ell on (! head

13 Keadin$ in "ed* (! hands oten $et ver! cold14 =eavin$ the cine(a* it see(ed to hi( that the il( had "een eceptionall! "ad15 Bar)in$ uriousl!* I led the do$ out o the roo(16


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+1 hen drivin$ carelessl! it is eas! to have an accident++ Pinned to the door "! a )nie* the (an sa% a notice+3 ritten in lar$e letters the! read the %ords Ho Entr!+4 hile cleanin$ his $un it %ent o unepectedl!+5 onderin$ %here to $o an advertise(ent cau$ht (! e!e+6 Kushin$ out o he house* a lorr! )noc)ed (e over+# 2ittin$ "! the ire* it all co(es "ac) to (e+& lailin$ ro( such a hei$ht* %e thou$ht he %ould never survive+' hen chan$in$ a use the electricit! should irst "e s%itched o30 .o%ed "ehind the car* I sa% a trailer %ith a "oat on it") hile sittin$ at the oot o a cli a stone ell on hi(3+ ?rivin$ to %or)* the traic ja(s inuriated hi(33 ?ropped "! parachute* the countr! see(ed entirel! una(iliar34 2ittin$ in the dentists chair* an idea suddenl! occurred to (e35 ea)ened "! his last illness* I elt sure that another %inter in this countr! %ould )ill

hi(36 Gettin$ out o "ed* a scorpion "it hi(

Passive

Active to passive PE% 3'2-0

Put the ollo%in$ into the passive voice .he a$ent should not "e (entioned ecept innu("ers II and +&

1 ou should open the %ine a"out three hours "eore !ou use it + Previous cli("ers had cut steps in the ice 3 2o(e"od! had cleaned (! shoes and "rushed (! suit 4 e use this roo( onl! on special occasions 5 ou (ust not ha((er nails into the %alls %ithout per(ission 6 In so(e districts ar(ers use pi$s to ind trules # 2o(eone s%itched on a li$ht and opened the door & 2o(e"od! had slashed the picture %ith a )nie ' .he! are pullin$ do%n the old theatre10 h! didnt the! (end the roo "eore it ell in@11 .he (o" "ro)e all the shop %indo%s in recent riots1+ .he li"rarian said that the! %ere startin$ a ne% s!ste( "ecause people %ere not

returnin$ "oo)s13 .he police as)ed each o us a"out his (ove(ents on the ni$ht o the cri(e14 2o(eone %ill serve reresh(ents

15 People (ust not leave "ic!cles in the hall16 e("ers (a! )eep "oo)s or three %ee)s Ater that the! (ust return the(1# .he "ur$lars had cut an enor(ous hole in the steel door1& Ive "ou$ht a harp .he! are deliverin$ it this aternoon

(o not #hange the first senten#e.)1' 2o(eone has alread! told hi( to report or dut! at si+0 .he! ran$ the church "ells as a lood %arnin$+1 Ho one can do an!thin$ unless so(eone $ives us (ore inor(ation

10+


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++ People are spendin$ ar (ore (one! on ood no% than the! spent ten !ears a$o+3 .he or$aniFers %ill ehi"it the paintin$s till the end o the (onth+4 .he! %ill sa! nothin$ (ore a"out the (atter i so(eone returns the stolen $un+5 It is hi$h ti(e so(eone told hi( to stop "ehavin$ li)e a child+6 A thie stole (! do$ and "rou$ht hi( "ac) onl! %hen I oered D+0 re%ard or hi(+# .he jud$e $ave hi( t%o %ee)s in %hich to pa! the ine+& .he! (a)e these artiicial lo%ers o sil)

Active to passivePEG 30+-6

Put the ollo%in$ into the passive* (entionin$ the a$ent %here necessar!

here there is an indirect and a direct o"ject* (a)e the indirect o"ject the su"ject o thepassive ver"

.he! $ave her a cloc)5he was gi*en a #lo#k.

.he $erund ater certain ver"s is replaced in the passive "!should be past participle:

.he! advised e(plo!in$ part-ti(e %or)ers hey ad*ised that parttime workers should $e employed.

1 .he! eed the seals at the Foo t%ice a da! + ho %rote it@ 3 o(pare clothes %hich %e have %ashed %ith clothes %hich an! other laundr! has

%ashed 4


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+5 A rainstor( looded the $!psies ca(p+6 .he ho%lin$ o %olves )ept hi( a%a)e all ni$ht+# .he! su$$ested (a)in$ the tests easier (seshouldJ+& hildren couldnt have done all this da(a$e

Passive to active PEG 30+-6

.urn the ollo%in$ sentences into the active voice here no a$ent is (entioned one(ust "e supplied 2chool notice: .his door (ust "e )ept shut 5tudents must keep this door shut.

1 h! dont !ou have !our e!es tested@ $et an optician to 5ee 119.)+ .his speed li(it is to "e introduced $raduall!3 .he run%a!s are "ein$ len$thened at all the (ain airports4 It is no% 6 a( and at (ost o the hospitals in the countr! patients are "ein$ %a)ened

%ith cups o tea5 B!ron is said to have lived on vine$ar and potatoes6 B! tradition* an! stur$eon that are cau$ht "! British ships (ust "e oered to the

,ueen# .his notice has "een altered& .he o%ners %ent a%a! last arch and since then their house"oat has "een used

continuousl! "! s8uatters (se a #ontinuous tense and omitcontinuousl!J' .he da(a$ed ship %as "ein$ to%ed into har"our %hen the to%line "ro)e10


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ndirect speech

ndirect speech: state!entsPEG 30#-&*313

1 2tudents are as)ed to assu(e that these sentences are spo)en and reported on dierentda!s .his %ill (ean that a sentence such as:


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+1


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13 I %as intendin$ to do it to(orro%* he said* "ut no% I dont thin) Ill "e a"le to14 Bill should do ver! %ell at the universit!* rs 2(ith* said the head(aster


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# ho is pla!in$ net %ee)@ he as)ed& ho %ill "e u(pirin$ that (atch@ as)ed .o(' ho %ants a lit ho(e@ said Ann

10 ho has just dropped a D10 note@ I as)ed11 here is the tic)et oice@ as)ed rs ones1+ hat shall I do %ith (! heav! lu$$a$e@ she said (seshouldJ13 hat plator( does the train leave ro(@ as)ed Bill14 hen does it arrive in or)@ he as)ed15 hen %as the ti(eta"le chan$ed@ I as)ed16 h! has the +30 train "een cancelled@ said Ann1#


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13 ould !ou li)e to join our ?ra(a Group@ she said14 hat do !ou thin) o the canteen coee@ as)ed Peter

ar! and .o(* %ith their son* ohn* a$ed II* have recentl! co(e to this area ar!%ants to ind a school or ohn and as)s her nei$h"our rs 2(ith a"out the local schoolaJ =ater* rs 2(ith reports these 8uestions to her hus"and: Is it a (ied school@ 5he asked if it was a mi/ed s#hool."J Alternativel!* suppl! suita"le ans%ers to ar!s 8uestions and then i(a$ine that

ar! reports the conversation her 8uestions and rs 2(iths ans%ersJ to herhus"and .o(:

36 ere !our "o!s happ! there@ ;es* the! %ere

I as$ed i% her boys had been happy there and she said that they had.

15


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3 hich o !ou )no%s ho% to (a)e Irish ste%@ said the chie coo)4 h! did !ou travel irst class@ I as)ed hi(5


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5 ?ont "elieve ever!thin$ !ou hear* he %arned (e6 Please ill up this or(* the secretar! said# ?ont hurr!* I said& ?ont touch that s%itch* ar!* I said' pen the saeC the raiders ordered the "an) cler)10 Please do as I sa!* he "e$$ed (e11


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5 ?ont %orr! a"out an!thin$* rs Pitt* said her solicitor =eave it all to (e 6 ?ont use "ent coins in a slot (achine* I %arned hi( # ollo% that car* the detective said to the tai-driver

& ash it in lu)e%ar( %ater* reco((ended the assistant '


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16 ?ont or$et to use !our indicators* said the drivin$ instructor1# ?ont drive too ast or the "a"! 11 "e sic)* she said to her hus"and1& ?o (a)e the coee a "it stron$er* I "e$$ed It %as terri"l! %ea) last ni$ht1' Be%are o pic)poc)ets* said a hu$e notice+0 2(ell this ?o !ou thin) it has $one "ad@ she said+1 ?ont ta)e !our coat o e are $oin$ out a$ain in a (o(ent* she told hi(++ 2tand "! the %indo% and tell (e i an!one $oes into the house opposite* he said+3 ?ont (ove till the police(an %aves !ou on* said the drivin$ instructor+4 ?ont touch it ou %ill onl! (a)e it %orse* he told (e+5 Be careul9 the steps are ver! slipper!* I %arned hi(+6 As) !our "oss to rin$ (e "ac)* I said ! nu("er is 1+3456#

ould !ou repeat that* please@ said the $irl+# ?ont %or) too ast* said the ore(an I %e inish "eore si %e shant $et an!

overti(e+& Prepare to (eet !our doo( .he end o the %orld is at hand* said the placard+' Ke(e("er to put the "ra)e on* the instructor said30 ould !ou please ta)e o !our shoes@ Nei)o said to hi(

ndirect speech: co!!ands, re7uests, invitations, o$$ers, advice

PEG +&4-#* 31&-+0

Put the ollo%in$ into indirect speech usin$as#, advise, invite, offer, remind, tell,warn.

1 ould !ou li)e to have lunch %ith (e on 2unda!@ he said to (e+ ould !ou li)e a ci$arette@ said one o the $uests3 ould !ou (ind not s(o)in$ "et%een courses@ said their hostess4 .a)e these letters to the post* %ill !ou@ And shut the door as !ou out* said the "oss5 ill !ou help (e* please@ she said 1 cant reach the top shel6 .his is a horri"le roo( h! dont !ou as) or so(ethin$ "etter@ he said# I I %ere !ou Id tr! to $et a roo( on the top loor* he said& Ill %ait or !ou i !ou li)e* she said' Ke(e("er to s%itch o %hen !ouve inished* he said10 ou (i$ht chec) these i$ures or (e* he said11 oud "etter apolo$iFe or "ein$ late* said (! (other1+ ould !ou chec) the oil* please@ I as)ed the (echanic13 1 %ish !oud sit stillC said the artist


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++ ?ont leave !our roo( at ni$ht* he said ur hosts do$s (i$ht (ista)e !ou or a"ur$lar

+3 Ans%er this letter or (e* %ill !ou@ he said And re(e("er to )eep a cop!+4 ould !ou (ind (ovin$ !our car@ he said Its "loc)in$ (! $ate+5 in a letterJ Perhaps !oud let (e )no% %hen !our ne% stoc) co(es in (:rs BonesJ+6 Hotice on "oard: .he irst tea( %ill report to the $!(nasiu( or %ei$ht-trainin$ (he #oa#hJ+# ould !ou se% on this "utton or (e@ .o( as)ed Ann

oud "etter se% it on !oursel* said ar! Buttons se%n on "! Ann usuall! co(eo the net da!

+& I !ou %ill )indl! sit do%n the ortune-teller %ill "e %ith !ou in a (o(ent* the $irlsaid

ndirect speech: 7uestions, re7uests, invitations, o$$ers, advice

PEG +&4-#* 31&-+0* 3+3

Ke(e("er that &hy don't you+can "e an ordinar! 8uestion or advice/su$$estion

.reat it here as advicePut the ollo%in$ into indirect speech

1 ould !ou $et there and "ac) in one da!@ I as)ed (I asked if he . . .)+ 1 cant open this tin* said Ann 2hall I do it or !ou@ said .o(3 ould !ou translate this or (e* please@ I as)ed the oicial4 2hall %e ever (eet a$ain@ he %ondered5 ill !ou "e here to(orro%@ she as)ed es* I ans%ered6 ould I lose ive )ilos in a %ee)@ said the at %o(an Ho* said the doctor# ill !ou have a drin)@ he said& h! dont !ou install $as central heatin$@ said the advertise(ent (urge)' ill !ou read this ver! careull!* please@ he said to (e

10 2hall I tell hi( %hat happened@ she as)ed (e11 ouldnt !ou li)e to loo) ten !ears !oun$er@ said the hairdresser1+ I( $oin$ to Bri$hton to(orro%* said Ann

2o a( I* said .o( ould !ou li)e a lit@ (om said he was tooandJ13 an I have a s%eet@ said the s(all "o!14 an %e sta! up till the end o the pro$ra((e@ said the children15 ould I have the %ee)end o@ he as)ed his "oss16 ould I leave earl! on rida!@ he said1# h! dont !ou li)e pop (usic@ the teena$ers as)ed hi(1& h! dont !ou ta)e up the o"oe a$ain@ said (! riends* (ad*ise)1' here shall I han$ (! ne% picture@ he said ould it loo) %ell over the

(antelpiece@+0 hat shall I do i the car %ont start@ I said+1


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+# an !ou use a %ord processor@ he as)ed Ho* I said+& ould !ou (ind livin$ "! !oursel or si (onths@ the! as)ed+' ould !ou (ind pa!in$ cash@ said (! landlad! %hen I too) out (! che8ue-"oo)30 h! dont !ou trust hi(@ I as)ed Ann

1 never trust let-handed (en* she ans%ered

ndirect speech: co!!ands and 7uestions ith i$-clauses and ti!eclauses

PEG ++'* 3+0-1

,uestions %ith i- clauses and ti(e clauses should "e reported %ith the i- clause or ti(eclause last

hen/I I see hi(* %hat shall I sa!@ she as)ed 5he asked what she should say whenif she saw him.

o((ands can "e reported "!tell ininitive if0clause/ti(e clause.

But so(eti(es as in nos 5 and 10 "elo%J this %ould produce a rather clu(s! sentence

It is then advisa"le to use say/said that if- clause/ti(e clause be/should ininitive: I hen !ou see hi(* as) hi( to rin$ (e* she said 5he said that ifwhen I saw him I was to ask him to ring her.was toepresses a deinite co((and9 should i(plies advice

Put the ollo%in$ into indirect speech

1


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+0 hat shall I do i he reuses to let (e in@ she saidrite a note and push it under the door* I said

+1 hat %ill happen i the stri)e continues@ he said++ I it $oes on sno%in$* ho%ll %e $et ood@ %ondered the house%ives+3 hen the rain stops* can %e $o out@ said the children+4 hen !ouve co(pleted one section* $o on to the net* the teacher said+5 I !ou dont li)e the pro$ra((e* s%itch to another channel* I said I to her+6 I I lose (! travellers che8ues* %ill the "an) repa! (e@ I as)ed+# I the noise $ets %orse* !oud "etter co(plain to the police* he said to (e+& As soon as !ou ind a hotel* rin$ (e and $ive (e the address* he said

ndirect speech: suggestionsPEG +&' ?* 3++

Part I rite the ollo%in$ in indirect speech* in ordinar! narrative or(

Ann su$$ested havin$ a part! on the net 2aturda! ar! a$reed and as)ed %ho the!should invite

Keport h! dont %e @ as a su$$estion and h! dont !ou @as su$$estion or advice Keport h! not@ in no ' as agreed.

1 Ann: hat a"out havin$ a part! on 2aturda!@ + ar!: es* lets ho shall %e invite@ 3 Ann: =ets not (a)e a list =ets just invite ever!"od! 4 ar!: e dont %ant to do too (uch coo)in$* so %hat a"out (a)in$ it a %ine and

cheese part!@ 5 Ann: 2uppose %e as) ever!"od! to "rin$ a "ottle@ 6 ar!: 2hall %e hire $lasses ro( our local %ine shop@ e havent (an! let # Ann: I its %ar(* ho% a"out havin$ the part! in the $arden@ & ar!: h! not have a "ar"ecue@ ' Ann: h! not@ e could as) Paul to do the coo)in$10 ar!: =ast ti(e %e had a "ar"ecue the nei$h"ours co(plained a"out the noise 2hall

%e as) ever!one to spea) in %hispers@11 Ann: 2uppose %e $o round to the nei$h"ours and apolo$iFe in advance this ti(e@1+ ar!: h! not invite the nei$h"ours@ .hen the noise %ont (atter13 Ann: hat a clever ideaC 2hall %e start rin$in$ ever!one up toni$ht@14 ar!: hat a"out %or)in$ out ho% (uch it %ill cost irst@

Part !Put the ollo%in$ into indirect speech

15 hat a"out a round-the-%orld cruise@ su$$ested rs 2(ithhat a"out rentin$ a caravan@ Its all %e can aord* said her hus"and

16 2uppose !ou co(plain* Ann@ I said .he "oss is (ore li)el! to listen to !ou than toan! o us

1# ou used to "e a $ood tennis pla!er* she re(inded hi( h! dont !ou ta)e it upa$ain@

1& 2hall %e tal) there@ Its not ar* he said es* lets* I said1' hat a"out joinin$ a %eavin$ class@ Ann said to (e .heres one startin$ soon+0 =ets or$aniFe a sponsored c!cle race* said the children

hat a"out a sponsored silence@ said the teacher %ith a $rin

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+1 here shall %e (eet@ I said hat a"out the hotel@ said Bill++ 2uppose !ou rin$ hi(* Ann* and as) hi( %hat he thin)s o the idea@ I said+3 I( doin$ (ost o the %or)* I pointed out hat a"out $ivin$ (e a hand@+4 =ets leave the %ashin$-up till to(orro%* he su$$ested I hate %ashin$ up last thin$

at ni$ht+5 2uppose the children $o on an adventure holida! this su((er@ su$$ested the ather+6 h! dont !ou as) the( %hat the!d li)e to do@ I said+# 2hall %e "e$in trainin$ or the net =ondon arathon@ said Bill

Ive no intention o runnin$ in (arathons* I said h! dont !ou as) Paul@+& h! dont !ou put an advertise(ent in the local paper@ the! su$$ested to (e

ndirect speech: !ixed typesPEG chapter 31 note especiall! 3+4J

Put the ollo%in$ into indirect speech* avoidin$ as ar as possi"le the ver"s sa!* as#andtelland choosin$ instead ro( the ollo%in$:accept, accuse, admit, advise, agree, apologie, assure, beg, call Lsu((onJ*call

noun/pronounnounJ* complain, congratulate, deny, exclaim, explain, give, hope,insist, introduce, invite, offer, point out, promise, protest, refuse, remar#, remind,suggest, than#, threaten, warn, wish.

1


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It is* I said1' i$arette@-

.han)s* I said+0 Ill sell the . set i !ou )eep 8uarrellin$ a"out the pro$ra((e* said their (other

Ho* dont do thatC e %ont 8uarrel an! (ore* said the children+1 Ill $ive !ou D500 to )eep !our (outh shut* he said to (e++ Ill %ait or !ou* I pro(ise* he said to (e+3 I( sorr! I( late* she said .he "us "ro)e do%n+4 ouve "een lea)in$ inor(ation to the PressC said his collea$ues

Ho* I havent* he said =iarC said .o(+5 Ill drop !ou ro( the tea( i !ou dont train harder* said the captain+6 I the "o!s do an!thin$ clever* !ou call the( !our sons* co(plained his %ie But i

the! do an!thin$ stupid* !ou call the( (ine+# =ets have a rest* said .o(

es* lets* said Ann+& 7$hC .heres a slu$ in (! lettuce aiterC he cried

ndirect to direct speechPEG 30#-++

Put the ollo%in$ into direct speech* usin$ dialo$ue or(:.o(: 6ould you like to #ome for a dri*e tomorrow, &nn'Ann:I"d lo*e toetc

Tri" t% Strat$%r!

1 .o( invited Ann to co(e or a drive the ollo%in$ da!+ Ann accepted %ith pleasure and as)ed %here he %as thin)in$ o $oin$

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++ oered to (eet hi( at the "us stop at

+6 "ut Ann said that the!d "een cli("in$ or three hours and that she %as too tired to $oan! urther

+# 2he su$$ested that .o( should $o on up %hile she %ent do%n and %aited there+& .o( a$reed and handed her the car )e!s* advisin$ her to %ait in the car+'


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+1 .he police have "arricaded the (ain streets .he! %ant to prevent the de(onstratorsro( (archin$ throu$h the to%n

++ .he! evacuated ever!"od! ro( the dan$er Fone .he! %anted to reduce the ris)+3 I a( learnin$ Gree) I %ish to read


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post5


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1xercise Inote that - indicates that no article is re8uiredJla*- +-*-*-9a 3 a* a 4 a*-9 a9 a*- 5A*-*- 6-*a*an # A* -* a* a*-* a &-*-9a*- 'A*- 10 a* a9 a*an II a* a9-: a* -*a 1+-* an* an9- 13 a* a9 a9 a* a 14-* an 15 A* a9 a9 a* a 16 an* a9-*an*-* a* a 1# a*-9 a*- 1&-*a 1' a9 a*- +0 a* a9 a9 - +1 A9 a* an9 a ++-*a* an* a +3-*a* an+4 a*-9 a +5 a: a* a +6 a* a:- +# an* a*-*- +&-9- +' a* a*-*- 30 an9 a* a* a: a9-I 31 a* a9an* a 3+ a* a* a* a 33-*a* a 34 a* a 35 a* a 36-*a

1xercise !As "eore - indicates that no article is re8uired* theJindicates that the article is optionalJ

1 .he*-* the*- + the9 the* the 3-*-*-* the 4-*- 5 the9 the* the9- 6-*-*-9 the* the*-9 the #the* the9-*- &-*-*the '-9 -*- 10 the* the9 the II-*-9 the* the9 the 1+ the* the* the* the* -13-*-*- 14-* -*-*- 15-*-* the 16-*-*-* the 1#-* the* the* - 1&-*- 1'-*-* -*-*- +0 the* the*the +1 the* -9 -*the++ .he* -9 the9-*-*- +3-9 the* the* the +4-9-9 the +5-* the*-* the +6-* -*-*the* the9.he*-*the9 the* the* the* the* -* the* the +# -* the* the9 - +& the* the9 .he* the* the*the +' -* -* the* the* -*- 30-*-*-9-*- 31-*-* the* - 3+ .he* -9-*-*the 33-* theJ* the* the*the 34 theJ* theJ9 -*-*-*-* the35- - 36 the* the* the* the* the* the

1xercise ".%o %ords separated "! an o"li8ue* e$ the/his* indicate thateither is a possi"le ans%er .he irst %ord is nor(all! the preerred ans%erJ

1 a* the9 a* a + an* the* the 3 a* the*-*- 4 the* a* the*--theJ 5 a*-*the* a 6 a* a/the*an* the # a*-* an* the* the* the* the & a* the* the ' a* a 10 the* the* the* the* an11--theJ* a 1+ a* the*13 the* a* the* the* the 14-9-*-*- 15 .he* the* the9 the* the 16 the* the* a*-: theJ*the* the*- 1# a 1& a9 the9 a: a 1' a* the: a* -9 .he* the +0-*the9 the9 a* an +1 .he* a*a*-*- ++ the* a*- * the* a* the* the* the* the +3 a* a* a* the* -* the9 .he* -* -9 .he* the* -9 -* the*-* an+4 the* the* a +5 a* the* the +6-*the9 the9-*the9-*a* - +# a* the* the*- +& a*-* an+'-*-* -*- 30 a* an* an* a:-* -* -* -* the 31 a9 the* the* the: a* - 3+ the* an* the9 -* the*-: the* the* a 33-*-9 the 34-9 a* the* -*a 35-* the9 a 36 a* a* a* the9 the* the* -

1xercise

1 his + !our* !our 3 -* their 4 the 5 his* his 6 his* - # an* the & a ' a* (! 10 the II

a*-* a* his*- 1+ his 13-* her 14 his 15 the 16 our 1# the* her 1& his 1' !our +0 his*the +1 the ++ !our +3-* his +4-our/the +5 his +6 the/his +# !our* the* the +& a +'a 30 a* a 31 !our* aJ 3+ her* the 33 a* his 34 !our 35 !our 36 (!

1xercise *

1 ne* a* a + A* a: one9 a9 one* a9 a: a 3 A* a 4 a* a* an 5 a* a/the* a/!our 6 one9 a9

1++


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an # a* a & ne* a ' aJ* a* a9 a9 ne 10 a9 ne 11 a/the9 a* a/the9- 1+ a* a* one 13one9 one9 a14 a9 a* a 15 a* one* a* a* a 16 a* a9 one 1# ne* a* a 1&-* a9 a9 one* a9 A* a 1' a9 a+0 ne9 an* an +1 a* a/the* a9 a* a* an ++ ne* a -* an +3 ne* a*-* a* a +4 one9 a9a9 a9 ne* an9 a

/ Auxiliary verbs

1xercise 2He$ative ans%ers in each case: the auiliar! ver" not. notisusuall! contracted and added to the ver"* e$ (a! not/(a!nt costwill 3 notiscontracted to %ont*can 3 notis contracted to can't.

Interro$ative ans%ers* ecept or 1* 13 and 1'* are in the ollo%in$ or(:auiliar! ver" su"ject ininitive* e$ 2hould the! eat less@

1 Is it li)el! to cost/?o !ou thin) it %ill cost@ 13 Are the! li)el! to co(e/?o!ou thin) the! %ill co(e@ 1' Is he li)el! to "e at ho(e/?o !ou thin) hell "e atho(e@

1xercise# He$ative: I dont have + doesnt need 3 didnt use 4 dont have 5doesnt do6 doesnt need # didnt have & didnt have ' didnt need 10 doesnt do II doesnthave1+ didnt have 13 doesnt do 14 doesnt have 15 dont have 16 didnt dare 1#didnt do1& doesnt have 1' doesnt dare +0 didnt have +1 didnt do ++ doesnt need +3didnt have +4 didnt have +5 didnt use +6 dont do +# didnt have +& didnt dare

Interro$ative: I do the! have + does he need 3 did he use 4 do the! have 5 doesshe do6 does he need # did he have & did she have ' did her hair need 10 does he do11 does she have 1+ did she have 13 does he do 14 does he have 15 do thechildren have16 did she dare 1# did !ou do 1& does he have 1' does he dare +0 did the! have+1 did the drin) ++ does (! %atch need +3 did he have +4 did !ou have +5 didshe use +6 do !ou do +# did he have +& did he dare

1xercise4 I %asnt + didnt 3 couldnt 4 had to 5 %ouldnt 6 could # %asnt &

%asnt' didnt need to 10 hoped that .o( %ould 11 did 1+ said that Ann (i$ht 13%as 14 did 15 did could 16 could 1# had to 1& dared 1' didnt +0 had +1 %ere++


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1xercise 5Air(ative ans%ers all "e$in %ith es the irst o the ans%ers$iven He$ative ans%ers all "e$in %ith Ho the second o the ans%ers $ivenJ

1 es* it is Ho* it isnt + I do/dont 3 I can/cant 4 he does/doesnt 5 it is/isnt 6 Ia(/I( not # I (ust/neednt & %e are/arent ' he did/didnt 10 it %ould/%ouldnt

II !ou (a!/(a!nt 1+ it is/isnt 13 she %ill/%ont 14 I do/dont 15 !oushould/shouldnt 16 I can/cant 1#I a(/I( not 1& the! could/couldnt 1' it is/isnt +0 the! %ere/%erent +1 she%ill/%ont++ !ou ou$ht/ou$htnt +3 !ou should/shouldnt +4 he %as/%asnt +5 Ihave/havent +6 %e (ust/neednt +# he did/didnt +& I %ould/%ouldnt +' itis/isnt 30 I do/dont31 !ou can/cant 3+ I %ill/%ont 33 I a(/I( not 34 !ou are/arent 35 !ou(ust/neednt36 it %as/%asnt

1xercise )6 Part I .he ans%ers in this section all "e$in %ith 7oI 2o has ohn + is she 3 can his %ie 4 ou$ht !ou 5 should!ou 6 %ill .o( # %as the second & did (! "rother ' (ust !ourson 10 does that 11 is (! riend 1+ did IPart + .he ans%ers in this section all "e$in %ith 8either/8or13 Heither/Hor has .o( 14 should .o( 15 (ust I 16 can hissister1# does Ann 1& could Andre% 1' are !ou +0 does that +1 %ill (ine ++ had the tai-driver +3 did an!one else +4 %ould (!(otherPart 3 .he ans%ers in this section all "e$in %ith9ut.+5 But ar! %asnt +6 she %as +# !our "rother neednt +& I cant+' a(es did 30 2tanle! (ust 31 a do$ %ould 3+ his %ie%ont 33 (! nei$h"our has 34 that "each isnt 35 !ou neednt 36 I do

1xercise ))Part 1 1 es* %e (ust + es* !ou %ere 3 es* she does 4 es*she (a!5 es* he could 6 hJ* so there isC # es* he does & hJ* so it isC ' es* it%as 10 es* it (i$ht 11 es* the! did 1+ es* it is

Part + All ans%ers "e$in %ith Ho 13 Ho* the! dont 14 he didnt 15 itisnt 16 he cant 1# it %asnt 1& it %ouldnt 1' it hasnt +0 the! dont +1 the! didnt ++ it hasnt +3 !ou dont +4 he(i$htnt

Part 3 +5 Ho* I( not +6 es* !ou did +# hJ !es* the! %ereC +& hJ !es*!ou %ereC +' Ho she %ouldnt 30 Ho* I didnt 31 Ho* !ou cant 3+ Ho* itdoesnt 33 hJ !es* he didC 34 hJ no* the! dont 35 Ho* the! shouldnt 36

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Ho* she didnt

1xercise )! 1 are !ou + is she 3 do !ou 4 did he 5 is it 6 %as she # has he &%ill !ou ' did 1 10 does he II do !ou 1+ does it 13 should the! 14 are !ou 15could the! 16 do !ou

1# %as there 1& need 1 1' %as it +0 did !ou +1 %ill it ++ does she +3 did it +4should he +5 could she +6 are !ou +# %ould !ou +& had he +' %ere the! 30%ould !ou 31 does he 3+ has he 33 could he 34 need 1 35 %ere there 36 %as it

1xercise )" 1cant the! + isnt he 3 didnt he 4 havent the! 5 %asnt he 6shouldnt he# couldnt it & isnt he ' isnt it 10 cant he 11 %ont it 1+ doesnt she 13 hasntshe 14 didntthe! 15 doesnt she 16 doesnt he 1# didnt he 1& dont the! 1' havent 1 +0hasnt he+1 isnt she ++ didnt the! +3 (i$htnt he +4 (ustnt %e +5 hadnt !ou +6%ouldnt !ou+# dont the! +& ou$htnt she +' %asnt it 30 dont the! 31 %ont !ou 3+ didnthe 33 %ont there 34 hadnt !ou 35 %ouldnt !ou 36 couldnt !ou

1xercise ) 1 dont !ou + do !ou 3 is it 4 does it 5 %asnt it 6 %as there #didnt the!& %asnt there ' did the! 10 does she 11 doesnt she 1+ %ouldnt she 13 didnthe 14 did he 15 %asnt she 16 ou$htnt he 1# did the! 1& do the! 1' cant the!+0 does he +1 is it ++ did it +3 arent the! +4 hadnt %e +5 %ouldnt it +6 %ouldit +# isnt it +& %ouldnt she

+' shouldnt the! 30 %erent the! 31 didnt she 3+ does he 33 didnt there 34 isthere35 %ill he 36 does it

1xercise )*1- + to 3 to 4 to 5- 6 to # to &- '- 10 to 11 to 1+ to 13 toJ 14- 15-16-* to1# to 1& to 1'- +0- +1 to ++ to +3- +4 to +5- +6 to +#-toJ +&- +'- 30 to 31 - 3+to 33 to 34 - 35 to 36-

1xercise )2 1 can/could + "e a"le 3 had 4 had 5 (ust* neednt 6 didnt dare #ou$ht/%ill have & used ' is to "e 10 could 11 shall 1+ %ould* (i$ht 13 %ould14 had 15 dont have/need 16 %as to have 1# should/ou$ht to 1& (i$ht/should1' %ill have +0 used* %ould +1 should ++ %ill +3 (ust have +4 (a! +5 %ere+6 have +# ou$htnt +& (i$ht

1xercise )As (entioned in the note* thedo/didor( could "e usedthrou$hout ecept in no +#* and o course or the utureJ

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1 hasnt even $otJ + has $otJ* has/has al%a!s $ot 3 dont have* have $otJ 4 has$otJ5 havent !ou $otJ 6 did !ou have/had !ou # has the alpha"et $otJ & do thehouses have/have the houses $otJ ' have !ou $otJ* havent $otJ 10 do !ouever have II hell have 1+ dont usuall! have 13 have !ou $otJ 14 dont al%a!shave 15 hasnt !our door $otJ 16 have !ou $otJ* have 1# havent $otJ 1& has$otJ 1' have !ou +0 has this des) $otJ* dont ever have/never have +1 do !ouever have ++ do "a"ies have +3 has/hasa penta$on $ot +4 has* does she have +5 have* %ont/dont have +6 do !ou have+# have !ou $otJ* have $otJ +& have !ou $otJ* I onl! have/have onl! $otJ*%ill have +' have !ou $otJ 30 have !ou $otJ* have* havent $otJ 31 hasnt he$otJ 3+ have* didnthave/hadnt 33 didnt !ou have 34 do red-haired people al%a!s have/have red-haired people al%a!s $ot 35 hasnt $otJ 36 have !ou $otJ

1xercise )41 are havin$ + did !ou have/had !ou 3 is havin$ 4 are havin$ 5does he have* he usuall! has 6 do !ou have # do !ou have* have & do !ou have*have ' dont !ou have 10 %ere havin$ II did !ou have/had !ou 1+ are havin$ 13%ill !ou have 14 are havin$ 15 had 16 did !ou have 1# a( havin$ 1& arehavin$ 1' %as havin$ +0 do En$lish people al%a!s have +1 dont have/havent++ are havin$ +3 dont have +4 did !ou have/had !ou* had +5 did !ou have/had!ou +6 a( havin$ +# does he have +& did !ou have/had !ou +' had30 are havin$ 31 didnt have/hadnt 3+ are havin$ 33 a( havin$ 34 is havin$ 35does heever have 36 had* did !ou have/had !ou

1xercise )5la( havin$ + %ill have 3 had 4 a( havin$ 5 have just had 6 a(havin$ # did !ou have & does he have ' do !ou have 10 dont !ou have 11 do!ou have 1+ a( havin$ 13 have it -ra!ed 14 have it repaired 15 have the(shortened 16 a( havin$ the( t!ped 1# have it tuned 1& have the docu(entphotocopied 1' had the( d!ed +0 have it (ended +1 have it set ++ have justhad it re-char$ed +3 to have it enlar$ed +4 have just had the(sharpened +5 have (! car serviced +6 have it seen to +# had (! %atch cleaned+& is havin$ her portrait painted +' the! had the (an arrested 30 he had the carto%ed 31 are havin$ a $ara$e "uilt 3+ have (! %indo%s cleaned 33 had (!

e!es tested 34 is havin$his ortune told 35 had the o!sters opened 36 had (! ears pierced

1xercise !61 is "ein$/%ill "e ruined + is to (a)e/is (a)in$ 3 %ere 4 "ein$*"ein$ 5 %ere to "e/should "e etin$uished 6 have !ou "een # is "ein$ pulleddo%n & %as to put ' isnt it 10 are to sta! 11 should "e as)ed 1+ %ere 13 I a(to $o 14 is "ein$ carried 15 to "e16 %ere 1# %ere to have ta)en 1& is "ein$ tau$ht 1' %as* %ill "e* %ere +0 to "e

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+1 %as to have "een ++ should "e sent +3 %ill there "e +4 had "een +5 is toopen/is openin$ +6 %ere "ein$ ta)en +# %as to have "een +& %ould !ou "e +'is to "e/is "ein$/%ill "e 30 %as to have run 31 %as still "ein$ painted 3+should "e printed 33 are "ein$/have "een translated 34 %ere 35 %as to do 36 isto "e

1xercise !)Air(atives are not $iven in their contracted or( "ut %ouldnor(all! "e contracted in speechJ1 It is* It is + is it* It is 3 It %as* there %ere 4 It is* .here %ill "e 5 it %as 6 It is*it is# .here are* there is & .here is9 It %ill "e* it is* it is*

Documents

A Pratical English Grammar - Exercises 1