Aadhaar: A Platform for e-participation, inclusion,

empowerment and service delivery

Government of Jharkhand (India)

www.jharkhand.gov.in

Geneva, 24th July 2013

Agenda

• India and Context of Unique IDs

• Features of UIDs (Aadhaar) and its implementation

• Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar

• A platform for e-participation, inclusion and service delivery

• Some areas of applications

India: Some facts

• Area : 1/3rd the size of US, 1.27 mn. Sq. kms

• Population: more than 1.2 billion, 30% urban, 70% rural, 6,00,000 villages

• Largest democracy in the World. Federal System. Grass-root democracy at village level

• 26 official languages, about 1000 dialects, diverse country- multi-religious, multi-cultural

• Internet users: about 150 million - 12% of population

• 900 million mobile connections, increasing @ 10 million per month

• Literacy rate in India is 74%

Context of UIDs in India

• Provision of a robust and reusable ID, especially to those who do not have one

• To clean up existing databases through Uniqueness : No duplicates or fakes

• Improve Targeting and Delivery of Services

• Reducing the cost of Services’ Delivery

Features of Aadhaar

• 12 digit random number 1234-5678-9012

• Minimal Information: Name, Age, Gender and Address

• Universal – all residents including children

• Uniqueness ensured through technology

• No guarantees to right, title or entitlements

• Ensures privacy: No data downloads

• Built on an open source stack

• Online Authentication : multiple factors – OTP, FP, Iris

Aadhaar : An Online Authenticable ID

• Aadhaar is a pure ID (with no eligibility attributes) issued by the Government to all residents

• Identity platform for leverage by multiple applications

• Inter-operability is not an after-thought

• Portable Online ID can be used for Authentication anytime, anywhere

• As it is token-less and online, no fake IDs

• Authentication on basis of ‘who you are(biometrics) or what you know (OTP )’

• Provides usage audit trail

Name Address Gender Date of birth

1 person1 number

How UIDs are made

Photo

Both

iris

10 finger-

prints

UIDAI will issue unique IDs …

Property of UIDAI - Highly confidential 8

UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218

UID Unique number Random number

Basic demographic data and

biometrics stored centrally

Central UID database

Standardized identity attributes

No duplicates(1:N check)

Flexibility to partners on Know

Your Resident (KYR)+

Name

Parents

Gender

DoB

PoB

Address

… and authenticate IDs online, real-time

9

UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218

Central UID database

1:1 check, no ID fraud

Only YES/NO response, no details – no invasion of privacy

Person can see self-details, no one else can

Authentication - ‘Are you

who you claim to be?’

Universal ID, valid all India

Interoperable platform for multiple

applications

Identity verifiable through mobile and

online

Anywhere authentication through demographics,

biometrics, or OTP

Only one number per person

6654 3212 9087

Can be linked to a bank a/c numbers,

mobile numbers, and other identifiers

Aadhaar : A flexible, national infrastructure

Implementation Status

• About 440 million enrolled

• UIDs @ 1 million per-day

• A large eco-system of Registrars, Enrolment Agencies, Operators, Device Manufacturers/Suppliers, Certification Agencies and Operators developed

• Direct Benefit Transfer scheme operational for various subsidy and Social safety programs

Enrolment Kit

1 2

3

4 5 6

1

2

3

4

5

6

Item-wise description

Laptop with enrolment client

2nd monitor for live data verification by resident

Camera for photo capture

Iris scanner

Fingerprint slap scanner

Enrolment kit box

www.uidai.gov.in

Enrolment centre, Andhra

Pradesh

Homeless, Nizamuddin, Delhi

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Enrolment in Maharashtra

Kerala

Puducherry

Enrolment centre in Jharkhand

Enrolment in Karnataka

www.uidai.gov.in

What is in a Number?

Service Delivery Potential o Aadhaar

Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar Number

• Uniqueness and Existence ensures no fakes or duplicates

• Uniqueness ensures breaking of database silos

• As a sufficient KYC for multiple services : Bank accounts, Financial inclusions, Mobile Connections, Social Assistance Programs

• Identity platform for various domains

• Can work as a Universal Communication Address for a person

Service Delivery potential of Authentication

• All transactions start with proving your identity

• Aadhaar online authentication provides a common platform which can be used across all applications.

• Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary – non-transferability can be ensured by authentication at the point of service delivery

• Many domains will be able to use as a proof of presence for the beneficiary

Aadhaar Authentication

• Authentication will enable Improvements in cost, efficiency and transparency in service delivery

– Tracking end to end service delivery process

– Move service delivery towards a demand driven, beneficiary led system

– Strengthen existing accountability/vigilance procedures

– Access to relevant MIS and empowerment of beneficiaries

MNREGA payments through Micro-ATM in Jharkhand

26

PDS delivery based on Aadhaar Authentication in East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh

27

Old age pension payment in Tripura

28

E-Participation in India

• E-Participation remains confined to English speaking, IT Savvy middle and upper middle class

• Digital Exclusion is a serious problem –mobile is most important enabler

• Community driven approach for infra, programs, services

• Include, empower, deliver – some of the pre-requisites for e-participation

Supporting infrastructure/initiatives

• 900 million mobiles

• SMS gateways, e-payment gateways

• India.gov.in, State portals

• State Data Centres

• Common Service Centres

• State Wide-area networks

• Mobile Service Delivery Gateways

• Business Correspondent

E-Participation, Inclusion and Service Delivery Platform

• Unique ID to everyone and National Authentication Infrastructure provides a platform for e-participation, inclusion and service delivery. This platform is

– Scalable

– Online

– Inter-operable

– Light-weight at the last mile

– Transactional capabilities to every resident

– Provides traceability of transactions

– Financial Inclusion is a major application

– Enables portability in applications

Some initial Applications

• Banking and DBT

• Food Security implementation

• Electronic KYC

• Social Security Pensions, Scholarships and other benefit deliveries

• Enhancement of security of applications – ID impersonations can be eliminated

• E-Voting, opinions, surveys, attendance

Conclusion • Aadhaar is a project with the objectives of enabling

participation, inclusion, empowerment and access to people.

• Aadhaar has been designed as an online Service Delivery Platform to make these deliveries cost effective, more accountable, transparent and to reduce last-mile leakages. Authentication enables achievement of all these objectives

• We believe that it will fundamentally transform the way we interact with our people and deliver services to them.

• It is an open platform to application builders to build applications which are more participative, authenticable and cost-effective.

Thank You