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A perception of the threat and IAMD

RUSI Missile Defense Conference

London, 13 April 2016

LUC DINI

2OPEN

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March 2015Template : 87204467-DOC-GRP-EN-002

Agenda

▌ THALES activities in IAMD

▌ WHAT is IAMD THREAT

▌ MEDIUM range IAMD dual SYSTEM

▌ IAMD and Missile Defense

▌ A possible IAMD European/transatlantic contribution to IAMD:

Networked fire control sensors in clusters

3OPEN

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We are committed to build and integrate European National Systems linking together

NATO and European capacities in partnership

AsterMissileElectronics

IntegrationVerificationValidation

LANAD DAMB

Astrium and ThalesAleniaSpace

C4I for TMD&MD

ONERA

Early Warning

Ground based TMD

Naval Early Warning and engagement

Horizon -T45 -FREMM

ADCF Frigate SMART-L EWC

SF500 radar

Very long range

Early Warning Radar

GF1000

THALES in IAMD

4OPEN

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Agenda







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Evolution of the threat creates more stress

ManoeuveringFighters

Non maneuvering fighter/bombers or Surveillance aircraft

Cruise missile and antiship missile

Manoeuvring BM

ECM ))))

EAD

ABT

RANGE: Ballistic Missile and Cruise Missile: >> 1000 km

MULTIPLE, DIVERSE, SIMULTANEOUS= RAIDS

VELOCITY: Ballistic Missile and Cruise Missile: supersonic to

hypersonicMANOEUVRABILITY – AGILITY for penetration, change of target

ACCURACY to strike land or martime objectives

CYBER

We need to plan improvement of the sensors and fire control systems resilience

6OPEN

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Agenda







7OPEN

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An example of dual system: SAMP/T system

NATO or National Air

Defence C2

Launcher

L11B, L16 MIDS

JRE Network

VHF Radio

Network

Uplink

Launcher

OF

OF

The “Brain”: One Engagement Module (ME)

The “Eye” and “Guide”: One MRI (ARABEL MFR+IFF)+ Aster uplinkwith its power generator

4 Vertical launchers(MLT)4 Vertical launchers(MLT)

The “Killer”: ASTER 30(8 per MLT)

The “Killer”: ASTER 30(8 per MLT)

FIRECONTROLUNIT

The “Brain”: Air Defense Air C2The “Brain”: Air Defense Air C2

The “Eye” external “cueing”The “Eye” external “cueing”

LauncherSAMP/T : Interoperability through data link networks

8OPEN

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SAMP/T Dual Engagements on ABT & TBM

ABT

EWR

GF1000

MRIARABEL

ME

MLTMLT

MLT

Domain ofInterest

Domain of Acquisition

Intercept

Domain

MIA

KOA

MLT

Seeker« lock on »

Uplink

Uplink

Firing order & Threat Data

TBM in domain of interest

TBM Acquisition on EWR cued track

Tracking

Engagement

Firing order & Threat Data

ABT Detection with ARABEL

MIA : Maximum Intercept Altitude

KOA : Keep Out Altitude

TBM

9OPEN

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Agenda







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0

Bi-SC AIS

ACCS

FR SAMP/T

FADR/DADR

(E.G.

ASTOR-T,

TPS-77)

Link-16 (TDMA)

US Aegis/

EW

NL ADCF/ EW NGCS

US AN TPY2

FR C3M

NL PatriotGE Patriot

US Patriot

IT PAAMS

/ EWIT SAMP/T

US S EW

GR Patriot

FR

GS1000

ALTBMD: a multilayred architecture including dual lower layer

11OPEN

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iBMD technical architecture

US EPAA & EU national Contributions

Technical architectureoperational and sustained byon going operational programs

NATO BMC3 and SE&I

STANAG 5535 & 5518

The Threat is growing creating more stress on the defense where time factor is key

NATO Interoperability through L16 JRE Network is on its way. NATO and the Nations

called for more cooperation on MD, more interoperability and operational readiness.

Multifunction sensors are available or in development. They could be networked into clusters under L16 Network to increase the systems capacity and the resilience

12OPEN

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STATE of THE ART: TECHNOLOGY TREND

AESA MFR SENSORS « active antenna

OPEN ARCHITECTURE- IAMD

NETWOKING KITS

PLUG and FIGHT

DUAL MISSILE, 360° SENSORS and FIRE CONTROL

MULTIFREQUENCY (UHF, L,S, X) and MODES PATRIOT (USA)S400 NEBO (RU)

US Navy Intop/ Cooperative Engagement Capacity (CEC)

IBCS: US Army Air C2 & PATRIOT Interoperability kit with IAMD Network

ADMR SENSOR

IBCS (USA)

C2 IsraelMICADApproche Réseau

4 Fixed Panels AESA SF500 (FR)

13OPEN

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NATO past and on going studies related to MD and sensors

STO* and CSO* studies Multi Function Radar Adaptative Radar Resources Management (MFR ARRM)

NATO CNAD Studies

NATO MDFS since 2004

NSR

NIAG Studies SW 172 & 151 ( reports issued in 2012)2 recommendations

• Smart defense champions: naval sensors• Study fire control sensors grids

NIAG SG 207 BMD step3 study on cooperation

SET 223 RTG 126 « MFR performances »Jan 2015 to Dec 2017 (36 months)

• RRM services definition in place of functions• Figures Of Merit (vs track quality)• Optimization of resources for coalition planning• Propose ARRM for airborne and surface plaforms• Sensors suite on single platform.

CAN FR GER NL POL UK USA

SET 212 RTG 120 « MFR test and evaluation »Jan 2014- Dec 2016: (36 months)

• MFR sensors capability description and roadmap• Specification challenges• Test & evaluation /requirements• Testing approach• Share nations lessons learnt and nations’ progress towards

new approaches• Output will support generation to a STANAG

FR GER IT NL NOR POL TURK UK USA

Concurrent effort from NATO on MFR standards studies

plus Nations MFR development can create new

opportunities for interoperability

14OPEN

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Multifunction radars: a dynamic management of resources

MFR offer new capacities for air and missile defense due

to Situation awareness sharing, plus sensor functions

resources management extended to network (cluster)

15OPEN

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Looking at Multifunction/ Fire control radars modes

Volumic search:

• Adapted to search against several threat ABT+ Short TBms• Adapt search patterns for low level detection (low elevation) or• High elevation detection and track• Optimization depending on which altitude

Volumic search:

• Adapted to search against several threat ABT+ Short TBms• Adapt search patterns for low level detection (low elevation) or• High elevation detection and track• Optimization depending on which altitude

Fence search:

• Effective against longer range TBMs,• Potential issues depending on TBMs trajectrories, RV, position,

RCS

Fence search:

• Effective against longer range TBMs,• Potential issues depending on TBMs trajectrories, RV, position,

RCS

Cued mode:

• Networked mode• Acquisition range increaded on long range TBMs• If search radar in forward position

Cued mode:

• Networked mode• Acquisition range increaded on long range TBMs• If search radar in forward position

16OPEN

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Example of Multiple search and track modes over 360° and 90°

▌ 4 fixed panels, independent from each other, ensuring anunmasked azimuth coverage

▌ Full digital AESA technology panels, with very high throughput beamforming(several tens of simultaneous receiving beams) ensuring :

17OPEN

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17

Many sensors to build networks

SENSORS network could be enhanced by building networked sensor intoclusters to ease exchange of resources, increase the intrinsic systemcapacity between adjacent systems and overall resilience to destruction orsaturation

18OPEN

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Agenda







19OPEN

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Can we Improve synergy for Fire controls loops ?

Refreshment rate

Consultation

Planning loop

Days

Tasking & situational

awareness Loop

C2 BMD OP

Real Time Minutes toFew seconds

Engagement & Fire Control

1s to 0,01 s

JRE AP –Level 1 – L16

NATO SE&IL16 JRE

MFR Fire Control Networking Cluster:

Cluster based on exchange of data

such as Plots in real time

MFR Fire Control Networking: cluster

based on exchange of ressources

and services in real timeHigh speed Link

Clusters of fire control

sensors could enhance the

interoperability between the

nations as an extension of

the NATO BMC3 backbone

at sensors level

20OPEN

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Objective of the study: sensors networks & clusters

JRE AP – L16 - Level 1

Airborne Early

Warning Awacs

National BMC3IPlanningTasking

ACCS

Cluster #1 Cluster #2 Cluster #3

EW chain

Cluster #4

1 to 6 s

<< 1 s

Air situation- Operational directive- mission ic Surveillance & Cueing data flow - Level 2

1 to 6 s

Coordination & Engagement data flow – Level 3

Study sensors/

weapons local

cluster below NATO

or National C4I for

an additional local

Netcentric MD data

exchange

SatelliteEarly Warning

Radars

21OPEN

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2 types of clusters :cooperative or integrative

Includes National Caveats

▌ Rules for a Cluster:

Cluster declaration: National C²

▌ Within cluster:

Declaration of services

- Modes, rotating, starring

- Mission: tracking search

- Performances assessment

- NCTR capabilities Smart sensor management

- Sensor load management

- Priority targets management

- Environment adaptation

- Re acquisition

- Multi radar trackingFLEXIBLE: SCALABLE, INTEGRABLE, SEPARABLE CLUSTERS

• Cooperative= exchange of data between nation A and nation B sensors

• Integrative= exchange of services inside a cluster with nation A and B sensors

22OPEN

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The concept of Fire Control sensors in Cluster

AN/TPY-2

Long range Tracking and

Discrimination

AEGIS SEA FIRE 500

SMART-L

L and S band

Long range EW & Tracking

UHF EW Fixed

Radars

PAVE PAWS (US)

TLP (FR)

AN/SPY-1

S-Band Long Range EW &

tracking

GROUND FIRE 1000

L-16Hi-Speed Link

X band Long Range EW

23OPEN

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Expected Improvement aimed by sensors clusters

Avoid Saturation of MFR sensors due to raids

Clusters are not permanent, deployed, set or separated according to plans

creating multinational effective weapons –sensors associations

Increase the synergy of resources applied to search, track, discrimination

Balance the saturation of one function by another sensor

Improve the accuracy of tracking and fire control (more resources focused)

Improve the range (harmonization of EM resources allocated to detection; tracking,..)

Maximize the battlespace

Improve timing, reactivity and engagement timeline

Improve resilience to threat by spreading resources and enhancing subsidiarity:

Multifrequency, mutilsensors, multiple sources (multi static)

23

24OPEN

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Benefit to the nations

Improve the interactivity between sensors for Air&Missile Defense

Add a new level of cooperation and interoperability between nations compatible with NATO BMC3

Such sensor networking could be used also for other partners and friendly nations when decided

Enhancement of sensors/ weapons systems intrinsic performances, flexibility, adaptibilityand robustness to the threat

Increase the capacity of MFR systems thanks to a better use of EM resources

Take advantage of sensors clusters as a flexible network that can be adapted to operational and political context

24

25OPEN

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Benefit to Industry

25

Common data exchange will improve the performance of modular systems

Improve the performance and offer options to combine different technologies and systemswith their specificities while meeting interfaces standards

Improve final cost effectiveness fo the sensors and systems in clusters including existing systems

Facilitate access to market by making sensors compatible

Take advantages of other studies and efforts, eg:� Maritime TMD Forum BMC4I WG and work related to plot level data and fusion� NATO BMD SE&I� STANAG 5535/ ADatP-35 developement efforts� Studies conducted by Science and Study groups on MFR radars

Documents

A perception of the threat and IAMD - RUSI · A perception of the threat and ... • Share nations lessons learnt and nations’ progress towards ... Full digital AESA technology