A Novel Optical Switching ArchitectureOptical Switching ...moschim/kyatera/ApresPactOpt-OSA2005-F… · A Novel Optical Switching Architecture for Metropolitan Photonic Networks

A Novel Optical Switching Architecturefor Metropolitan Photonic Networks

with a brief review of Photonic Switching in Brasil

A NovelA Novel Optical Switching ArchitectureOptical Switching Architectureforfor Metropolitan Photonic NetworksMetropolitan Photonic Networks

withwith a a brief review brief review of of Photonic Switching Photonic Switching in in Brasil Brasil

LTF LTF

Felipe Rudge BarbosaLaboratório de Tecnologia Fotônica DSIF – FEEC – Unicamp

2

LTF LTF Agenda

What is photonic switching Brief historical perspective Experimnets Models & simulationsConclusion

3

LTF LTF Photonic switching

what is photonic switching ? Dynamic routing of network traffic in optical networks, without actually leaving the optical domain;The time spans of the switching process determine whether it is:

• Optical packet (OPS) => 10 µs ;• Optical burst (OBS) => 100 µs ;• Optical circuit (OCS) => 10 ms ;

OCS applied at WDM trunk/long-haul or metro-core networks;

OPS & OBS are dynamic processes, very attractive for application in metro-access networks .

4

LTF LTF Introduction

Photonic Switching Networks & WDM Networks optical packets (OPS) as a traffic solution for limited area networks high granularity , availability & flexibility; possibility of aggregation in optical burst switching (OBS)WDM networks supporting backbone traffic (OCS);

OxCOxC

OxCOxCOxCOxC

OxCOxC

WDMWDMλλ--routingrouting

packet & burst packet & burst switchingswitching

λg

λk λj

OCSOCSOPSOPS& OBS& OBS

5

LTF LTF Optical Packet Switching – Application

Metro-access network: add-drop traffic

ONUs

FTTB/C

FTTARBS

Fibre everywhere...

Optical Optical NodeNode

Add/drop optical packet


Add/dropoptical packet

Fibras simplesFibras duplas

Nó i

Nó j

Nó k


f i

f j

fiber to building or curb

fiber to area

6

LTF LTF Historical perspective

first project sponsored by Ericsson AB Through Ericsson do Brasil = OCS & OBS at CPqD andUnicamp; Nov.2000-Nov.2002 [total budget ~U$1,5mi]02 indep. Projects: team and labs;

second project sponsored by Funttel (MinCom)At CPqD -- 2002-2003 , (some overlap)OCS was adopted by Giga ProjectOPS was direct funding [total budget ~R$600 k]

third project sponsored by FunttelAt CPqD (direct funding...) 2004-2006

New Federal Govt. in Jan 2003. Revision of Funtel in late 2004.

7

LTF LTF

Experiments

8

LTF LTF Optical Packet Switching – Characteristics

Frequency Header Optical packets:

simple & fast header recognitionfast switching (~µs) and low latencyasynchronous operationRF in-band low frequency header (1-20 MHz) high-capacity digital payload, transparent to rate & format

(1-10 Gb/s) readily available components

Manhattan St. 2x2 mesh topologyfor metro-access netwk

Higher Node(concentrator)

τp

frequency header (RF)digital payload

time

FH Opt Pkt

i f

τp=2-6µs (typ.)

opticalgate

packet traffic simulations show thatbufferless optical mesh networks have better throughput than ring or star.

9

LTF LTF Optical Packet Switching & Routing Optical Packet Switching & Routing

Optical SwitchOptical Switch

Drop

f i , f j , f k

Node kNode k

f i , f k , f j

In 1

In 2

Out 1

2x22x2

AddDecisions& ActionsHeader

Recognition

Out 2

f i , f j , f k

f i , f j , f k

Local User

X

X

X

X

Requirements: Golden Rulesno buffering in the optical layer ;optical switch is blocked when a packet is present ; a packet can be deflected but not cut or lost ;switching operation is packet-by-packet

10

LTF LTF Optical Packet Switching – Experiments 1

Experimental Set-up (drop function; 3 freqs. )Fibre

delay line

DC

B

C

A

D

AcoustoOptic

switch 1A

f 3f 2f 1

BOut f 1

AcoustoOptic

switch 2LASER

EDFA

Filtro Óptico

OptTap

Digital Pattern

Generator

packet detection & routing

polarizationcontrol

EOM

Out f 2

Out f 3

packet generation

e-control

HRC response (rise & fall times) is 40 nsAcusto-optic switch response is ~2µs; Optical switching (rise & fall times) is ~90 ns;

AOSw control

AOSw control

HRC

11

LTF LTF Optical Packet Switching – Results 1

Experimental (drop function; 3 freqs. ) The Golden Rules work !!

optical signal

at output

optical signalat tap

Follw f 3 OptSw2 outport C

Drop f 1 OptSw1 outport D

Drop f 2 OptSw2 outport D


optical signal

at output


optical signal

at output

both Opt Sws On


optical signal

at output Follw AllOptSw2 outport C

both Opt Sws Off

12


Experimental Set-up (deflection routing; 2 freqs. )

f1, f2, f3

f1, f2, f3

LASEREDFA

FiltroÓptico

polariz.control

EOM


Digital Pattern

Generator

Opt RxHRC

HRC

A

B

C

packet generation packet deflection & routing

OR

J

K

_Q

___Clk

Q

OR

NOR

Electrical

LDC

D

Opt Rx

Digital Oscilloscope

(20 GS)

13


Experimental (deflection routing; 2 freqs. )

electricalinput

optical output C

opticaloutput D

electricalinput

optical output C

opticaloutput D

Control circuitsHRC and LDC on

Control circuitsHRC and LDC off

The Golden Rules still work !!

14


Experimental Set-up (deflection routing and drop; 3 freqs. )

f1, f2, f3

f1, f2, f3

LASER

EDFA

OpticalFiltre

polarizcontrol

EOM Main Optical Main Optical SwitchSwitch

Digital Pattern

Generator

Opt RxHRC

HRC

A

B

C

packet generation packet detection, deflection & routing

OR

J

K

_Q

___Clk

Q

OR

NOR

Electrical

LDC

D

Opt Rx

Digital Oscilloscope

(20 GS)


f1, f2, f3

HRC

15


Experiments (deflection routing, 2 freqs.; and drop 1 freq.)

Opt Sw 1 -HRC & LDC onOpt Sw 2 -HRC off

Opt Sw 1 -HRC & LDC onOpt Sw 2 -HRC on (drop)

16

LTF LTF

Publications1) F.R.Barbosa, A.C.Sachs, M.T.Furtado, J.B.Rosolem, “Optical Packet Switching: a transmission and recovery demonstration using an SCM header” –Anais XIX SBrT- Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações, Fortaleza - Brasil, Sept.2001. 2)F.R.Barbosa, A.C.Sachs, M.T.Furtado, J.B.Rosolem, “Optical Packet Switching: a transmission and recovery demonstration using a frequency tone header”, invited, special issue, Rev.Soc.Bras.Telecom., vol.10, no.1, Junho 2002. 3) F.R.Barbosa, A.C.Sachs, Décio Maia Jr., M.T.Furtado, “Optical Packet Switching using 2x2 electro-optic and acousto-optic switches”, Brazilian Symposium on Microwaves and Optoelectronics – SBMO’2002, Recife, Brasil, Set. 2002. 4) F.R.Barbosa, A.C. Sachs, R. S. Ferreira, M. T. Furtado, “New Photonic System for Optical Packet Switching”, Proc. 6th World Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics – SCI’2002 , Orlando, FLA, USA, July 2002; andJournal on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, vol.1, no. 4, July 2003. 5) F. R. Barbosa, D. Maia Jr, L. Pezzolo, A. C. Sachs, “Optical Packet Switching and Routing Using RF Frequency Header Labeling for Application in Metropolitan Access Networks”, SPIE-Information Technologies & Communications-ITCom’2003, paper 5247-20, Orlando Fla., USA, Sept. 2003

17

LTF LTF

PatentsEricsson – 2002; spread header solution

• FRBarbosa, ACSachs, MTFurtado; CPqD – 2004 ; field-header solution

• FRBarbosa, ACSachs, LPezzolo.

spread-header packet

i f

Field-header packet

i f

18

LTF LTF

Simulations

19

LTF LTF OPS Network simulations

Higher Node(concentrator)

mesh topologyManhattan St. 2x2 nodes

packet traffic simulations show thatbufferless optical mesh networks have better throughput than ring (or star).

τp=2-10 µs (typ.)

τp

frequency header (RF)digital payload

time

FH Opt Pkt

i fopticalgate

20

LTF LTF OPS Network simulations

D

Ring TopologyAnel 16 nós

O

21

LTF LTF

Conditions: Deflection routingNo optical buffersOptical packets block optical switches;Single packet buffering at node ingress

22

LTF LTF Modelo para cálculo de vazão e atraso

Manhattan street (9 nodes)

1 2 33

4 5 6

7 8 9

4

97

9

2

4

1 2 4

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

43

2

0 P 0 P 0 0 0 0 00 0 P 0 0 0 0 P 00 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 P P 0 00 D 0 D 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 T 0 0 0 T0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 00 0 0 0 T 0 0 0 T0 0 D 0 0 0 D 0 0

P = preferential

D = 1 - P (deflected)

T = 0,5 (don’t care)

⇒ Traffic originates at any node ande arrives at node 1

T =

; => Any other node is equivalent. Matriz de Tráfego:

Nó 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

123456789

1

Inspirado em : A.S.Acampora and S.I.A. Shah, IEEE Trans. Comm.,40 (1992) p.1082

23

LTF LTF Traffic Analysis

Network capacity(aggregate throughput)

HSNC ⋅⋅

=2

Node user capacity

Total Effective

)1( −⋅=

NNCR LRRe ⋅=

L=0-100 % link usage

Packet lossfraction

rp

pPLF

+= p = packets sent

r = packets received

24

LTF LTF

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2

0

20

40

OBS.: Anel de 4 nós e MS de 4 nós são a mesma topologia

4 nós

9 nós

9 nós

16 nós

16 nósAnel

Manhattan Street

Vaz

ão (G

b/s)

Carga no link

Network throughput

Links with 1 Gb/s & 10 km Link load (Gb/s)

Agg

rega

teth

roug

hput

(Gb/

s)

25

LTF LTF NS Simulation Scenario

MS topology with 16 nodesBandwidth of 2.5 Gb/sPacket size of 650 bytesOptical links length of 2 km (10 µs)UDP protocol in the transport layer to avoid packet

retransmissionCPVI trafficThese simulations were performed using Network

Simulator (NS-2)

26

LTF LTF

Results

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Network Load (%)

Pac

ket L

oss

Frac

tion

NCRDR

Performance comparison of a MS-16 network with –

deflection routing (DR) and

without deflection routing (NDR)

=> Notice that for ntwkloads above 40%, everything is lost anyway.

27

LTF LTF

Results (2)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Network Load (%)

Pack

et L

oss

Frac

tion

Deflection Routing Single Optical Buffer

Performance comparison of a MS-16 network

with deflection routing and

single packet optical buffer

28

LTF LTF

Summary SimulationMesh architecture demonstrated to provide better andeasier network performance;natural matching to the physical layer of fiber radio networks;Modified Manhattan Street topology to avoid congestion andimprove the overall capacity of the optical access network.Analytic Simulation with excellent results and efficienttiming ! Results compatible with experiments; Simtime “minutes” ; SW -- MatLab (vectors & matrices) and

Origin graphs

29

LTF LTF

PublicationsL. H. Bonani, M. T. Furtado, Edson Moschim, F. Rudge Barbosa, “Analysis Of Optical Packet Switching Performance With Spatial Contention Resolution For Optical Access Networks”, International Conf. Communication Systems and Networks- IASTED/CSN’2003, paper 393-073, Málaga, España, Sept. 2003. Luiz Henrique Bonani, F.J. L. Pádua1, Edson Moschim and Felipe Rudge Barbosa, “Optical Packet Switching Access Networks using Contention Resolution without Wavelength Conversion”, 11th Intl. Conf. on Telecomm.– ICT ’2004, paper TS-25-3, Fortaleza, Brasil, Aug. 2004; ______, “Optical Packet Switching Access Networks using Contention Resolution without Wavelength Conversion” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) -Telecommunications and Networking, Vol.3124/2004, p. 237, ISBN : 3-540-22571-4, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heilderberg, Nov. 2004. F.R.Barbosa, A.C.Sachs , “Transparent Optical Packet Switching Node based on Bottom-up Organization Network”, Simp. Brasileiro de Telecom – SBT’2004, Belém PA, Brasil, Set. 2004.

30

LTF LTF Optical Burst Switching

FastLightRing

IP, Ethernet

or IP/MPLS Opticallayer

AB

C

RChPORChPOClientNetwork

ClientNetwork

Optical Nodes

IP, Ethernet

or IP/MPLS Other client ntwk

31

LTF LTF Optical Node Architecture

a bidirecional diagram

LesteOeste

Rx

Tx

Rx Tx

HardwareProprietary

Burst Assembler

RX

Tx

Rx

TxR

xTx

Rx TxTx

FDL

FDL

• • •

Rx

Photonic Switching

λcontrlλcontrl

λdataλdata

Planocontrole

Sinal doplano

controle

Router

RX

TXR

XTX

Operação e controle

ControlPlane

Tx

TX Rx Tx

Rx

λdata

Tx

Rx

all interfaces are

Optical !!

λdata

Client IP Netwk

32

LTF LTF OBS

Optical packet switching Ring network operating in burst mode

Electronic Buffering at client side, not at optical ntwk layer;

controlled by the use of tokens issued by the control plane;

Fast switching process (tens µs) based on very fast (tens ns) optical (photonic) switching architecture;

Ethernet compatible, transparent to rate; moderately opaque.

33

LTF LTF Photonic Switching – Conclusion 1/2

To summarize:Solutions for optimized transport in Innovative Optical Networks, based on OPS, OBS (and OCS) have been proposed and demonstrated; All are transparent to rate & format (within reasonable limits...)Optical bufferless node architectures have been implemented, withadd-drop functionalities, based on fast switching times (<2 µs), andvery low network latency ; Optical packets have a frequency header and a high-capacity digital payload;Optical bursts are controlled by a controlplane, and share fast OPS; OCS is controlled by (different) controlplane and use “slow” WDM optical switches ; Optical grade transmission allows for BER<10-12 and node links 20km; multi-hop deflection paths in excess of 60km.

...

34

LTF LTF Photonic Switching – Conclusion 2/2

Last , but not least …

WDM as ‘longitudinal slicing’ of fibers;Optical Packets & Bursts as ‘transverse slicing’...Increase of granularity in transparent WDM networks, with the resource of optical packets (single & burst); More effective use of available bandwidth; reduced latency and increased network throughput; ($$, ROI, user QoS) Application in Optical Metro-Access Networks: Techno-economic appeal: attractive cost p/ bit through

reduction of equipment in the optical network, simple infra-e, and high reliability.

Mesh topologies required in most cases.

35

LTF LTF Photonic Switching – Major players

Felipe Rudge BarbosaEdson MoschimLuis Bonani Antonio C. SachsDecio Maia Jr.Leonardo PezzoloMarcos SalvadorEduardo MobilonMario FurtadoAlberto Paradisi

36

LTF LTF

ObrigadoObrigado ! Felipe RudgeRudge @dsif.fee.unicamp.brThanks for comingThanks for coming ! tel.: +55(19) 3788-3766

1979

2004

foundation year = 1969

mailto:[email protected]

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A Novel Optical Switching ArchitectureOptical Switching ...moschim/kyatera/ApresPactOpt-OSA2005-F… · A Novel Optical Switching Architecture for Metropolitan Photonic Networks