A New Chapter in the Academy

In the 1960’s amid controversy there grew a demand for African American or Black Studies.

The demand for African American studies grew from Black students.

As the Blacks were demanding more involvement in American government

The civil rights and social equality moved on.

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World War II saw a time when America . . .

New hopes and African American emerged

Civil rights organization like the NAACP renewed its efforts.

Brown vs. the Board of Education led the way to school desegregation on 5/17/54.

White protests grew intense.

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Rosa Parks remained in her seat.

This triggered a series of boycotts all across the nation.

On Feb. 1, 1960 4 students from North Carolina A&T seated themselves at a segregated lunch counter at Woolworth’s.

Despite being taunted the students sat passively.

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A number of organizations arose SCLC SNCC CORE

These groups worked with grassroots organizations.

SNCC organized a local Black Panther Party in Lowdes County Alabama

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SNCC under Stokely Carmichael the group moved from integration to “independent Black politics, self-determination and economic self-sufficiency.”

Black Power was born. This had an enormous

effect on the masses of Black folk throughout the US.

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The Black Panthers were founded in Oakland Ca in 1966 and “adopted the name and symbol of the defunct SNCC Black Panther political party.”

Members Original six Black Panthers (November, 1966)

Top left to right: Elbert "Big Man" Howard; Huey P. Newton (Defense Minister), Sherman Forte, Bobby Seale (Chairman). Bottom: Reggie Forte and Little Bobby Hutton (Treasurer).

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The leaders of the various organizations realized that in order for Black Power to become a reality they would have to utilize education and technological resources.

The students looked toward college campuses for their role/complicity in the process. http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/black-power-

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At many institutions students demanded a more inclusive curriculum to serve their needs and the needs of their communities.

Initially at San Francisco State white student activists were able to get money from a sizeable budget to fund programs such as tutorials for children of the inner city. http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/exhibits/protests/images/black_power.jpg

White student programs along with the development of the BSU - Black Student Union lead to the initiation and growth of African American studies.

In December of 1967 under pressure by the BSU the Acting President of the college “virtually conceded a Black Studies Department” and appointed Dr. Nathan Hare to develop the curriculum.

However, the board of trustees stalled the program.

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The students then decided to strike and on November 6th “effectively closed the college.”

Many of the student body supported their decision and participated in the strike.

Finally at the end of 1968 San Francisco State College established a Black Studies Program. http://www.1968conf.org/filmpix/closecampussigns.jpg

M e a su re s im pa c t on a nd fo r la rge r co m m u n ity

M e a su re s im p ac t o n a n d fo r B la ck C o m m u n ity

B la ck Co n sc iou sn e ssco u nte rac ts th e fo rces

o f w h ite d om ina tion

B la ck C o nsc io usn e ss a ndC o m m u n ity O rien ta tion C on ce p t

N a tha n H a re

U m o ja (U n ity), K u jich a gu lia (S e lf-D e te rm in a tio n)U jim a (C o lle c tive w o rk ),

U ja m a a (C o o p e ra tive eco n om ics ),N ia (P urp o se ), K u u m b a (C rea tiv ity), Im a n i (F a ith )

T h e N g uzo S a baT h e S eve n F u nd a m e nta l T e ne n ts

A frican s are e stra ng e d fro m th e ir ro o tsd e ve lo p m e nt o f so c ia l a nd cu ltu ra l reco ns truc tion

B la ck C o n sc io u sn e ss m u st o verco m ed ys fu n c tio n a l e ffe c ts o f w h ite d om ina tion

w h ich inc lu de se lf-a bn e ga tion

T h e K a w aid a Th e o ryT yp e t it le h e re

M a u la na K a ren ga

A frica n th o ug h t, p h ilo sop h y a nd va lu esa re a va lid fra m e o f re fe re n ce o f

s tu d y a n d re se a rch

It is a wo rld v ie w w h ich in c lu d esco sm o log y, ep is tom o lo g y a n d o n to lo gy

A frica n A m erica n s tud ie s a re a n e x ten s ion o fA frican h isto ry an d cu ltu re

B la ck C o n scio u sne ss loo ks to A fricaT h e w o rld is o b served th ro u gh the p ersp ec tive

o f A frica n h is to ry an d cu ltu re

A frcoce n tric C o n ce p t a n d A p p ro a chA frice n tric ity

M o le fi A sa n te

B la ck S tu d iesT yp e t it le h e re

Nathan Hare is the main proponent of this position.

Strong connections Black Consciousness. Study lives and contributions Black have made.

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Maulana Karenga developed this theory.

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Molefi Asante Afrocentric approach in all things provides much better and healthier perspectives and solutions to problems that plague the African American community.

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