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7/28/2019 A METHOD OF GENERATING ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL FROM A
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Application No. New Docket No. 1033.001
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A METHOD OF GENERATING ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL FROM A STATIONARY
MAGNET AND A STATIONARY CONDUCTOR
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[00001] This application is a non-provisional of ProvisionalApplication No. 61/137,548 filed August 01, 2008, the contents
of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[00002] The present invention relates to a method and devicethat generates electrical potential.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[00003] Generating electrical energy mechanically has alwaysdepended on the three basic principles discovered by Michael
Faraday in the early 1830s. First, there must be a conductor in
which to induce voltage; second, a magnetic field must be close
enough to the conductor for the magnetic lines of force to cut
across the conductor; and third, either the conductor or the
magnetic field must be moving.
[00004] Faraday discovered that an electric potential could beestablished between the ends of a conductor in the following
ways:
By a conductor moving or cutting across a stationary
magnetic field; or
By a moving magnetic field cutting or cutting across a
stationary conductor.
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[00005] The some of the prior art references showelectromagnetic power generator systems wherein one or more
magnets are moved relative to a conductor (e.g., one or more
coils of wire) or vice versa to induce electromotive forces
(i.e., a flow of electrons) therein. More specifically, the
magnets were moved relative to a stationary conductor so that
the magnetic lines of flux radiating from the magnets intersect
the conductor at right angles and induce the electromotive
forces. In another case, the conductors were moved relative to
the stationary magnet to induce the electromotive forces.
[00006] According to Faraday's law, the Electro Motive ForceEMF (i.e., voltage) developed in the coil is equal to the number
of turns of the wire in the coil multiplied by the change in the
magnetic flux that each loop is exposed to. Therefore, one of
the goals of the EMF power generator design is to maximize the
power output of the generator by maximizing any or all of the
terms of Faraday's law individually or in combination, subject
to physical and material limitations.
[00007] When a permanent magnet moves towards the coil, anelectrical field is generated on the surface of the coil's wire,
and this field moves along the coil's turns, generating a
magnetic field inside and outside the coil; interaction of this
magnetic field with the permanent magnet's field repulses the
magnet, while, when the magnet moves away from the coil,
magnetic field generated in the coil pulls the magnet back.
Additionally, the electrical current flowing in the coil also
produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with the
magnets and slows them down.
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[00008] As the result, all the electric power generators thatuse the Faraday principles to generate electricity are in the
form of large, heavy and expensive rotating magnets and/or
conductors. Because a high torque is required to rotate the
generator's shaft to produce electrical energy, the energy
required to mechanically rotate these heavy magnets and/or coils
at a speed necessary to generate a stable electrical output is
quite large and is supplied in many different ways such as, but
not limited to, steam turbines, internal-combustion engines, gas
combustion turbines, or water turbine. The amount of the
engine's energy consumption for supplying the mechanical energy
significantly exceeds the energy required to produce electrical
energy.
[00009] In view of the disadvantages shown by the electricpower generators of the prior art, the present inventor thought
of the necessity of creating a method and a device that
significantly reduces the need for large amounts of energy to
mechanically generate electricity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[000010] It is an objective of the present invention to providea device and method to generate an electrical potential in a low
cost way.
[000011] It is another objective of the present invention toprovide a device and method to generate electrical potential
from a stationary magnet and a stationary conductor.
[000012] It is another objective of the present invention toprovide a device and method in which a magnetic flux path is
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changed without a need to overpower the magnetic fields position
relative to the coil.
[000013] The present invention relates to method for generatingelectrical potential comprising:
providing a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary
magnet radiates lines of magnetic flux;
placing a stationary conductor close enough to the
stationary magnet so that the lines of magnetic flux radiating
from the magnet intersect the stationary conductor;
alternatively moving a magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose (contract or expand) the lines of
magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet across the
stationary conductor;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the stationary conductor.
[000014] The magnetic shield is made of a non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding material.
[000015] In addition, the present invention relates to a devicefor generating electrical potential comprising:
a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary magnet radiates
lines of magnetic flux;
a stationary conductor located close enough to the
stationary magnet to be intersected by it lines of magnetic
flux;
a movable magnetic shielding material; and
means for moving the magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
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alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
[000016] Furthermore, the present invention relates to agenerator for generating electrical potential comprising:
a motor;
a drive belt in connection with the motor, wherein the
motor spins the drive belts that rotates a pulley located
between a stationary magnet and a stationary coil, wherein the
stationary magnet generates lines of magnetic flux;
a movable magnetic shield;
means for moving the shield between the stationary magnet
and the stationary conductor to alternately shield or expose the
stationary conductor to the lines of magnetic flux from the
stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
[000017] Altering the physical position of a magneticdeflection and/or shielding material between a stationary magnet
and a stationary conductor to generate an electrical potential
is novel, non-obvious and useful. In addition, mechanically
generating electrical potential without the necessity of moving
the magnet physically across the conductor is new, non-obvious
and useful.
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[000018] Furthermore, mechanically generating electricalpotential without the necessity of moving the conductor across a
magnet is new, non-obvious and useful.
[000019] Finally, the process of simulating a moving magneticfield to generate an electrical potential across a conductor is
new, non obvious and useful.
[000020] The device and method according to the presentinvention significantly reduces the need for large amounts of
energy to mechanically generate electricity because the magnetic
shielding and/or deflecting material used to expose or insulate
(expand or contract) the lines of magnetic flux across the
conductor is only a fraction of the weight of the heavy magnets
and conductive materials used in the current process. Thus, the
energy cost of rotating the magnetic shield is many times lower
than the energy cost for rotating either the magnet and/or the
conductor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[000021] FIG.1 illustrates the device with unshielded magneticlines of flux cutting across a conductor resulting in an
electrical potential across the output of the conductor.
[000022] FIG. 2 illustrates the device according to the presentinvention in which the magnetic flux lines are being prevented
from cutting across the stationary conductor by placing a non-
ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding and/or deflecting
material between the stationary magnet and the stationary coil
resulting in a null (Zero) electrical potential across the
output of the conductor.
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[000023] FIG. 3 illustrates the first side view of a generatoraccording to the present invention showing a stationary magnet.
[000024] FIG. 4 illustrates a second side view of the generatoraccording to Figure 3 showing a stationary conductor.
[000025] FIG. 5 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a positive voltage output from the
conductive coil.
[000026] FIG. 6 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a zero voltage output from the
conductive coil.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[000027] The following description is provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make and use the invention and set
forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying
out his invention. Various modifications, however, will remain
readily apparent to those skilled in the art, since the general
principles of the present invention are defined herein
specifically to provide an improved device and method for
generation of electrical potential.
[000028] The term electrical generator" as used herein, meansany unit that generates electrical power. Non-limiting examples
of a power generator may include electromagnetic generators.
[000029] As indicated before, Faraday showed in 1832 that acurrent was generated in a conductor when:
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1) A magnetic field moves across a conductor; or2) A conductor moves across a magnetic field.
[000030] According to Faraday's Law of Induction, when a magnetor conductor moves relative to the other, for example when a
conductor is moved across a magnetic field, a current is caused
to circulate in the conductor. Furthermore, when the magnetic
force increases or decreases, it produces electricity; the
faster it increases or decreases, the more electricity it
produces. In other words, the voltage induced in a conductor is
proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux. In
addition, based on Faraday's laws and Maxwell's equations, the
faster the magnetic field changes, the larger the voltage that
will be induced.
[000031] Later it was discovered that when a magnet andconductor both rotate in unison upon a magnet, a current is
unexpectedly generated in the conductor. This unexpected result
can be explained by assuming that the basic cause of the effect
is not due to the rate of change in 'flux', but to the actual
cutting of the conductor circuit by the lines of force.
[000032] In the above-identified circumstances, the changing offlux through a circuit will be proportional to the cutting of
the conductor by the lines. Any alteration in the flux
intensity, by altering the current through the coils of the
conductor, must also cause a cutting of the circuit by the
lines, because of the altered positioning of the lines in space.
[000033] The present invention relates to a device forgenerating electrical potential comprising:
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a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary magnet radiates
lines of magnetic flux;
a stationary conductor located close enough to the
stationary magnet to be intersected by it lines of magnetic
flux;
a movable magnetic shielding material; and
means for moving the magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
[000034] Furthermore, the present invention relates to agenerator for generating electrical potential comprising:
a motor;
a drive belt in connection with the motor, wherein the
motor spins the drive belts that rotates a pulley located
between a stationary magnet and a stationary coil, wherein the
stationary magnet generates lines of magnetic flux;
a movable magnetic shield;
means for moving the shield between the stationary magnet
and the stationary conductor to alternately shield or expose the
stationary conductor to the lines of magnetic flux from the
stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
[000035] In creating the new configurations, the presentinventor realized that a limiting aspect of most magnetic
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generators is the tendency of the magnetic lines of flux to
leave one pole of a magnet and curve sharply around to connect
with the opposite pole of that same magnet. Thus, even when the
magnet is brought very close to a conductor (e.g., the coil)
relatively few lines of magnetic flux actually intersect the
conductor at right angles because the lines of flux loop back
sharply to the opposite magnetic pole of that same magnet.
[000036] In the experiments carried out by the presentinventor, the magnet and the conductor were stationary and a
magnetic shield cut the lines of flux radiating from the
stationary magnet; thus, there was no alteration with time in
the magnetic field, or of the area concerned in the test. This
fact reinforces the proposal that it is the cutting of the
conductor by the magnetic lines of flux that is the critical
factor. In this case, the EMF is produced through the cutting of
the conductor by the magnetic lines of force radiating from the
magnet. Thus, in the present invention the EMF, which is
produced in a nearby conductor by a magnet, is caused by the
cutting of the conductor by the magnetic lines of force of that
magnet.
[000037] On the other hand, with the generators of the priorart, the EMF is caused by the cutting of the stationary circuit
by the lines of force of the magnet, as the magnet rotates. It
has previously been supposed that the magnet is cutting its own
lines of force. As a result, the number of loops of wire in the
coil must be greatly increased to get maximum generation from
intersecting a relatively small number of magnetic lines of
flux. One result is large and heavy coils.
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[000038] The design of the device according to the presentinvention overcame the deficiency of the generators according to
the prior art, because the use of large and heavy coils and/or
the external energy required to turn the magnet and/or
conductors is eliminated.
[000039] The device and process according to the presentinvention generates electrical energy from a stationary magnet
and a stationary conductor by placing between them a non-ferrous
or semiferrous magnetic shielding material so that as the
physical position of the non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic
shielding material is mechanically altered to shield or
expose(expand or contract)the magnetic lines of flux radiating
from the stationary magnet and across the stationary conductor
thereby producing an electrical potential across the output of
the conductor.
[000040] When you alternately block and then expose themagnetic lines of flux to a coil by placing and removing the
magnetic shielding material between them - you are effectively
expanding and collapsing the magnetic lines of flux across the
coil producing the electrical potential.
[000041] Figure 1 shows the unshielded magnetic line of fluxcutting across a conductor resulting in an electrical potential
across the output of the conductor. The Figure shows a device
10 including a permanent magnet 20 to supply input lines of
magnetic flux 30 moving from the North Pole 40 of the magnet 20
outward into magnetic flux path core material 60. The flux path
core material 60 is configured to form a right magnetic path 70
and a left magnetic path 80, both of which extend externally
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between the North Pole 40 and the South Pole 50 of the magnet
20. A conductor 45 is located near the magnet 20.
MAGNETS
[000042] The present invention contemplates the use of any typeof magnet, preferably a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
The thickness of the magnet 20 should be chosen to be thick
enough so that enough energy is produced for operation of the
generator, but thin enough to keep the overall size of the
generator compact and to avoid waste of magnet material.
Strength of magnetic field
[000043] The magnet according to the present invention may haveany shape or form. The preferred materials of the magnet are
sintered and bonded Neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt,
alnico, or ceramics which are commonly used materials in the
industry.
[000044] It is noted that any suitable material known in theart that has the properties of a magnet may be used in the
present invention.
[000045] The dimensions of the magnet depend on the fieldstrength of the magnet as well as the voltage and current output
the generator was designed for. One example is a permanent
magnet of sintered and bonded Neodymium alloy that is 0.5 to 5
inches in width, 8 to 16 inches in length, and 0.5 to 5 inches
in depth. Preferably, 2 inches in width, 12 inches in length
and 2 inches in depth.
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CONDUCTOR
[000046] Conductor 45 is located near the magnet 20. Theconductor can be designed with a variety of objectives with
respect to current and voltage generation. But basically they
are either alternating or direct current conductors. The final
conductor design will depend on the specific voltage and current
desired and the method of storage and use of the generated
electricity.
[000047] Conductor 45 preferably comprises a bundle ofelectrically conductive coils 48, which are placed in the path
(or adjacent to the path) of the magnetic flux.
[000048] Although the Figures of the present invention show theconductor 45 having eight coils 48, the number of coils in the
conductor 45 may vary depending on space requirements and based
on particular applications of the electromagnetic generator 10.
[000049] In one embodiment of the present invention the wiresmay be covered with a liner preferably made of a non-conductive
and/or non-magnetic material, such plastic or rubber or the
like, to insulate the wires and to protect the wires.
MAGNETIC SHIELD
[000050] Figure 2 shows a drawing of the magnetic flux lines 30being prevented from cutting across the stationary conductor by
placing a non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding and/or
deflecting material 90 between the stationary magnet 20 and the
stationary conductor 45 resulting in a null (Zero) electrical
potential across the output of the conductor.
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[000051] The present inventor is the first one that thought ofthe idea of placing a movable magnetic shield between a
stationary magnet and a stationary conductor in order to expand
and contract the magnetic lines of flux crossing a stationary
conductor to produce electromagnetic potential and generate the
electricity.
[000052] The distance the stationary magnet is placed from thestationary conductive coil is determined by the physical size,
shape and field strength of the magnet, the design
characteristics of the coil and the electrical generators
designed voltage and current output capacity. For this
particular design 0.1 to 1.0 inch apart from each other,
preferably 0.5 inches apart. The magnetic shield is then
rotated between the stationary magnet and the stationary
conductor alternately exposing and shielding (expanding and
contracting) the lines of magnetic flux radiating from the
stationary magnet across the conductive coil producing a voltage
potential across the output of the conductive coil.
[000053] The magnetic shield 90 according to the presentinvention may have any shape or form, preferably circular,
square or rectangular. The thickness of the magnetic shield 90
should be chosen to be thick enough to block the magnetic flux
when the shield is moved between the stationary magnet and the
stationary conductor, but thin enough to keep the overall size
of the generator compact and to avoid waste of magnetic
shielding material.
[000054] The present invention contemplates the use of any typeof non-ferrous shielding material, such as the one described by
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Robert C. O'Handley in Modern Magnetic Materials, Principles and
Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 456-468, which
provide nanocrystalline magnetic alloys, which are particularly
well-suited for rapid switching of magnetic flux. These alloys
are primarily composed of crystalline grains, or crystallites,
each of which has at least one dimension of a few nanometers.
The entire disclosure of each of these disclosures is hereby
incorporated by reference into this specification.
[000055] Other non-ferrous magnetic materials havingparticularly useful properties are formed from an amorphous Co-
Nb-B (cobalt-niobium-boron) alloy having near-zero magnet-
obstruction and relatively strong magnetization, as well as good
mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
[000056] The preferable non-ferrous material for the magneticshield according to the present invention is the one described
in US Patent No. 7, 220,488, entitled Deflecting Magnetic Field
Shield by William May and Gordon Wadle. The entire disclosure
of each of these disclosures is hereby incorporated by reference
into this specification. Examples 2 and 3 of the patent clearly
show how a magnetic shielding material can deflect or block the
magnetic lines of flux.
[000057] The main advantage to the shielding material is thatit is non-ferrous; thus, there will be no loss of power from the
magnet(s) when used next to the shield.
[000058] Another embodiment of the present inventioncontemplates the use of semi-ferrous materials for the magnetic
shield.
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[000059] The magnetic shield may be moved manually and/ormechanically by using any suitable device known in the art.
[000060] FIG. 3 illustrates the first side view of thegenerator according to the present invention showing a
stationary magnet. FIG. 4 illustrates a second side view of the
generator according to Figure 3 showing a stationary conductor.
As the motor 100 spins, the drive belt 105 rotates a plastic
pulley 110 between the stationary magnet 20 and the stationary
coil 45. The black areas on the pulley 120 represent the
sections that have had magnetic reflection / deflection material
applied to them. The white areas on the pulley 130 are
magnetically transparent so as to allow the lines of magnetic
flux to pass through to the coil unhindered. When the area of
the pulley that has had a magnetic
reflection/deflection/shielding material applied to it passes
between the stationary magnet and the stationary coil and
interrupts the magnetic field cutting across the conductive
coil. This expanding and contracting of the magnetic field
across the stationary conductor induces a voltage 140 across its
output.
[000061] FIG. 5 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a positive voltage output 160 from the
conductive coil. The magnetic lines of the flux 30 cut across
the stationary conductor 45 as the magnetically transparent
section of the pulley 110 rotates between the stationary magnet
20 and the stationary conductor 45.
[000062] FIG. 6 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a zero voltage output 170 from the
conductive coil. The magnetic lines of the flux 30 are shielded
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from the conductive coil as the shielding material on the pulley
rotates between the stationary magnet 20 and the stationary
conductor 45. The magnetic lines of flux are blocked by the
rotating shielding material; thus, there are no lines of flux.
[000063] The present invention further contemplates a methodfor generating electrical potential comprising:
providing a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary
magnet radiates lines of magnetic flux;
placing a stationary conductor close enough to the
stationary magnet so that the lines of magnetic flux radiate
from the magnet intersect the stationary conductor;
alternatively moving a magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose (contract or expand) the lines of
magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet across the
stationary conductor;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the stationary conductor.
[000064] While several forms of the invention have been shownand described, other forms will now be apparent to those skilled
in the art. Therefore, it will be understood that the
embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are merely
for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the
scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, which
follow as interpreted under the principles of patent law
including the doctrine of equivalents.
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What is claimed is:
1. A method for generating electrical potential comprising:
providing a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary
magnet radiates lines of magnetic flux;
placing a stationary conductor close enough to the
stationary magnet so that the lines of magnetic flux radiate
from the magnet intersect the stationary conductor;
alternatively moving a magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose (contract or expand) the lines of
magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet across the
stationary conductor;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the stationary conductor.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the magnetic shield is
manually moved.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the magnetic shield is
mechanically moved.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the magnetic shield is made of
a non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding material.
5. A device for generating electrical potential comprising:
a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary magnet radiates
lines of magnetic flux;
a stationary conductor located close enough to the
stationary magnet to be intersected by it lines of magnetic
flux;
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a movable magnetic shielding material; and
means for moving the magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
6. The device according to claim 5 wherein the stationary
magnet is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
7. A generator for generating electrical potential comprising:
a motor;
a drive belt in connection with the motor, wherein the
motor spins the drive belts that rotates a pulley located
between a stationary magnet and a stationary coil, wherein the
stationary magnet generates lines of magnetic flux;
a movable magnetic shield;
means for moving the shield between the stationary magnet
and the stationary conductor to alternately shield or expose the
stationary conductor to the lines of magnetic flux from the
stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
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ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a method and device of
generating electrical potential by placing a magnetic shielding
and/or deflecting material between a stationary magnet and a
stationary conductor, then mechanically altering the position of
the magnetic shielding and/or deflecting material so as to
alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of flux radiating from the stationary magnet and across
the stationary conductor. This continuous expansion and
contraction of the magnetic lines of flux across the stationary
conductor generates an electric potential across the output of
the stationary conductor.
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A METHOD OF GENERATING
ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL
FROM A STATIONARY
MAGNET AND A STATIONARY
CONDUCTOR
REFERENCE TO RELATED
APPLICATIONS
[000065] This applicationis a non- provisional
of Provisional Application
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No. 61/137,548 filed August 01, 2008, the contents of which are
incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[000066] The present invention relates to a method and devicethat generates electrical potential.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[000067] Generating electrical energy mechanically has alwaysdepended on the three basic principles discovered by Michael
Faraday in the early 1830s. First, there must be a conductor in
which to induce voltage; second, a magnetic field must be close
enough to the conductor for the magnetic lines of force to cut
across the conductor; and third, either the conductor or the
magnetic field must be moving.
[000068] Faraday discovered that an electric potential could beestablished between the ends of a conductor in the following
ways:
By a conductor moving or cutting across a stationary
magnetic field; or
By a moving magnetic field cutting or cutting across a
stationary conductor.
[000069] The some of the prior art references showelectromagnetic power generator systems wherein one or more
magnets are moved relative to a conductor (e.g., one or more
coils of wire) or vice versa to induce electromotive forces
(i.e., a flow of electrons) therein. More specifically, the
magnets were moved relative to a stationary conductor so that
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the magnetic lines of flux radiating from the magnets intersect
the conductor at right angles and induce the electromotive
forces. In another case, the conductors were moved relative to
the stationary magnet to induce the electromotive forces.
[000070] According to Faraday's law, the Electro Motive ForceEMF (i.e., voltage) developed in the coil is equal to the number
of turns of the wire in the coil multiplied by the change in the
magnetic flux that each loop is exposed to. Therefore, one of
the goals of the EMF power generator design is to maximize the
power output of the generator by maximizing any or all of the
terms of Faraday's law individually or in combination, subject
to physical and material limitations.
[000071] When a permanent magnet moves towards the coil, anelectrical field is generated on the surface of the coil's wire,
and this field moves along the coil's turns, generating a
magnetic field inside and outside the coil; interaction of this
magnetic field with the permanent magnet's field repulses the
magnet, while, when the magnet moves away from the coil,
magnetic field generated in the coil pulls the magnet back.
Additionally, the electrical current flowing in the coil also
produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with the
magnets and slows them down.
[000072] As the result, all the electric power generators thatuse the Faraday principles to generate electricity are in the
form of large, heavy and expensive rotating magnets and/or
conductors. Because a high torque is required to rotate the
generator's shaft to produce electrical energy, the energy
required to mechanically rotate these heavy magnets and/or coils
at a speed necessary to generate a stable electrical output is
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quite large and is supplied in many different ways such as, but
not limited to, steam turbines, internal-combustion engines, gas
combustion turbines, or water turbine. The amount of the
engine's energy consumption for supplying the mechanical energy
significantly exceeds the energy required to produce electrical
energy.
[000073] In view of the disadvantages shown by the electricpower generators of the prior art, the present inventor thought
of the necessity of creating a method and a device that
significantly reduces the need for large amounts of energy to
mechanically generate electricity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[000074] It is an objective of the present invention to providea device and method to generate an electrical potential in a low
cost way.
[000075] It is another objective of the present invention toprovide a device and method to generate electrical potential
from a stationary magnet and a stationary conductor.
[000076] It is another objective of the present invention toprovide a device and method in which a magnetic flux path is
changed without a need to overpower the magnetic fields position
relative to the coil.
[000077] The present invention relates to method for generatingelectrical potential comprising:
providing a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary
magnet radiates lines of magnetic flux;
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placing a stationary conductor close enough to the
stationary magnet so that the lines of magnetic flux radiating
from the magnet intersect the stationary conductor;
alternatively moving a magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose (contract or expand) the lines of
magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet across the
stationary conductor;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the stationary conductor.
[000078] The magnetic shield is made of a non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding material.
[000079] In addition, the present invention relates to a devicefor generating electrical potential comprising:
a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary magnet radiates
lines of magnetic flux;
a stationary conductor located close enough to the
stationary magnet to be intersected by it lines of magnetic
flux;
a movable magnetic shielding material; and
means for moving the magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
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[000080] Furthermore, the present invention relates to agenerator for generating electrical potential comprising:
a motor;
a drive belt in connection with the motor, wherein the
motor spins the drive belts that rotates a pulley located
between a stationary magnet and a stationary coil, wherein the
stationary magnet generates lines of magnetic flux;
a movable magnetic shield;
means for moving the shield between the stationary magnet
and the stationary conductor to alternately shield or expose the
stationary conductor to the lines of magnetic flux from the
stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
[000081] Altering the physical position of a magneticdeflection and/or shielding material between a stationary magnet
and a stationary conductor to generate an electrical potential
is novel, non-obvious and useful. In addition, mechanically
generating electrical potential without the necessity of moving
the magnet physically across the conductor is new, non-obvious
and useful.
[000082] Furthermore, mechanically generating electricalpotential without the necessity of moving the conductor across a
magnet is new, non-obvious and useful.
[000083] Finally, the process of simulating a moving magneticfield to generate an electrical potential across a conductor is
new, non obvious and useful.
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[000084] The device and method according to the presentinvention significantly reduces the need for large amounts of
energy to mechanically generate electricity because the magnetic
shielding and/or deflecting material used to expose or insulate
(expand or contract) the lines of magnetic flux across the
conductor is only a fraction of the weight of the heavy magnets
and conductive materials used in the current process. Thus, the
energy cost of rotating the magnetic shield is many times lower
than the energy cost for rotating either the magnet and/or the
conductor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[000085] FIG.1 illustrates the device with unshielded magneticlines of flux cutting across a conductor resulting in an
electrical potential across the output of the conductor.
[000086] FIG. 2 illustrates the device according to the presentinvention in which the magnetic flux lines are being prevented
from cutting across the stationary conductor by placing a non-
ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding and/or deflecting
material between the stationary magnet and the stationary coil
resulting in a null (Zero) electrical potential across the
output of the conductor.
[000087] FIG. 3 illustrates the first side view of a generatoraccording to the present invention showing a stationary magnet.
[000088] FIG. 4 illustrates a second side view of the generatoraccording to Figure 3 showing a stationary conductor.
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[000089] FIG. 5 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a positive voltage output from the
conductive coil.
[000090] FIG. 6 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a zero voltage output from the
conductive coil.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[000091] The following description is provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make and use the invention and set
forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying
out his invention. Various modifications, however, will remain
readily apparent to those skilled in the art, since the general
principles of the present invention are defined herein
specifically to provide an improved device and method for
generation of electrical potential.
[000092] The term electrical generator" as used herein, meansany unit that generates electrical power. Non-limiting examples
of a power generator may include electromagnetic generators.
[000093] As indicated before, Faraday showed in 1832 that acurrent was generated in a conductor when:
1) A magnetic field moves across a conductor; or2) A conductor moves across a magnetic field.
[000094] According to Faraday's Law of Induction, when a magnetor conductor moves relative to the other, for example when a
conductor is moved across a magnetic field, a current is caused
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to circulate in the conductor. Furthermore, when the magnetic
force increases or decreases, it produces electricity; the
faster it increases or decreases, the more electricity it
produces. In other words, the voltage induced in a conductor is
proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux. In
addition, based on Faraday's laws and Maxwell's equations, the
faster the magnetic field changes, the larger the voltage that
will be induced.
[000095] Later it was discovered that when a magnet andconductor both rotate in unison upon a magnet, a current is
unexpectedly generated in the conductor. This unexpected result
can be explained by assuming that the basic cause of the effect
is not due to the rate of change in 'flux', but to the actual
cutting of the conductor circuit by the lines of force.
[000096] In the above-identified circumstances, the changing offlux through a circuit will be proportional to the cutting of
the conductor by the lines. Any alteration in the flux
intensity, by altering the current through the coils of the
conductor, must also cause a cutting of the circuit by the
lines, because of the altered positioning of the lines in space.
[000097] The present invention relates to a device forgenerating electrical potential comprising:
a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary magnet radiates
lines of magnetic flux;
a stationary conductor located close enough to the
stationary magnet to be intersected by it lines of magnetic
flux;
a movable magnetic shielding material; and
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means for moving the magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
[000098] Furthermore, the present invention relates to agenerator for generating electrical potential comprising:
a motor;
a drive belt in connection with the motor, wherein the
motor spins the drive belts that rotates a pulley located
between a stationary magnet and a stationary coil, wherein the
stationary magnet generates lines of magnetic flux;
a movable magnetic shield;
means for moving the shield between the stationary magnet
and the stationary conductor to alternately shield or expose the
stationary conductor to the lines of magnetic flux from the
stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
[000099] In creating the new configurations, the presentinventor realized that a limiting aspect of most magnetic
generators is the tendency of the magnetic lines of flux to
leave one pole of a magnet and curve sharply around to connect
with the opposite pole of that same magnet. Thus, even when the
magnet is brought very close to a conductor (e.g., the coil)
relatively few lines of magnetic flux actually intersect the
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conductor at right angles because the lines of flux loop back
sharply to the opposite magnetic pole of that same magnet.
[0000100] In the experiments carried out by the presentinventor, the magnet and the conductor were stationary and a
magnetic shield cut the lines of flux radiating from the
stationary magnet; thus, there was no alteration with time in
the magnetic field, or of the area concerned in the test. This
fact reinforces the proposal that it is the cutting of the
conductor by the magnetic lines of flux that is the critical
factor. In this case, the EMF is produced through the cutting of
the conductor by the magnetic lines of force radiating from the
magnet. Thus, in the present invention the EMF, which is
produced in a nearby conductor by a magnet, is caused by the
cutting of the conductor by the magnetic lines of force of that
magnet.
[0000101] On the other hand, with the generators of the priorart, the EMF is caused by the cutting of the stationary circuit
by the lines of force of the magnet, as the magnet rotates. It
has previously been supposed that the magnet is cutting its own
lines of force. As a result, the number of loops of wire in the
coil must be greatly increased to get maximum generation from
intersecting a relatively small number of magnetic lines of
flux. One result is large and heavy coils.
[0000102] The design of the device according to the presentinvention overcame the deficiency of the generators according to
the prior art, because the use of large and heavy coils and/or
the external energy required to turn the magnet and/or
conductors is eliminated.
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[0000103] The device and process according to the presentinvention generates electrical energy from a stationary magnet
and a stationary conductor by placing between them a non-ferrous
or semiferrous magnetic shielding material so that as the
physical position of the non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic
shielding material is mechanically altered to shield or
expose(expand or contract)the magnetic lines of flux radiating
from the stationary magnet and across the stationary conductor
thereby producing an electrical potential across the output of
the conductor.
[0000104] When you alternately block and then expose themagnetic lines of flux to a coil by placing and removing the
magnetic shielding material between them - you are effectively
expanding and collapsing the magnetic lines of flux across the
coil producing the electrical potential.
[0000105] Figure 1 shows the unshielded magnetic line of fluxcutting across a conductor resulting in an electrical potential
across the output of the conductor. The Figure shows a device
10 including a permanent magnet 20 to supply input lines of
magnetic flux 30 moving from the North Pole 40 of the magnet 20
outward into magnetic flux path core material 60. The flux path
core material 60 is configured to form a right magnetic path 70
and a left magnetic path 80, both of which extend externally
between the North Pole 40 and the South Pole 50 of the magnet
20. A conductor 45 is located near the magnet 20.
MAGNETS
[0000106] The present invention contemplates the use of any typeof magnet, preferably a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
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The thickness of the magnet 20 should be chosen to be thick
enough so that enough energy is produced for operation of the
generator, but thin enough to keep the overall size of the
generator compact and to avoid waste of magnet material.
Strength of magnetic field
[0000107] The magnet according to the present invention may haveany shape or form. The preferred materials of the magnet are
sintered and bonded Neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt,
alnico, or ceramics which are commonly used materials in the
industry.
[0000108] It is noted that any suitable material known in theart that has the properties of a magnet may be used in the
present invention.
[0000109] The dimensions of the magnet depend on the fieldstrength of the magnet as well as the voltage and current output
the generator was designed for. One example is a permanent
magnet of sintered and bonded Neodymium alloy that is 0.5 to 5
inches in width, 8 to 16 inches in length, and 0.5 to 5 inches
in depth. Preferably, 2 inches in width, 12 inches in length
and 2 inches in depth.
CONDUCTOR
[0000110] Conductor 45 is located near the magnet 20. Theconductor can be designed with a variety of objectives with
respect to current and voltage generation. But basically they
are either alternating or direct current conductors. The final
conductor design will depend on the specific voltage and current
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desired and the method of storage and use of the generated
electricity.
[0000111] Conductor 45 preferably comprises a bundle ofelectrically conductive coils 48, which are placed in the path
(or adjacent to the path) of the magnetic flux.
[0000112] Although the Figures of the present invention show theconductor 45 having eight coils 48, the number of coils in the
conductor 45 may vary depending on space requirements and based
on particular applications of the electromagnetic generator 10.
[0000113] In one embodiment of the present invention the wiresmay be covered with a liner preferably made of a non-conductive
and/or non-magnetic material, such plastic or rubber or the
like, to insulate the wires and to protect the wires.
MAGNETIC SHIELD
[0000114] Figure 2 shows a drawing of the magnetic flux lines 30being prevented from cutting across the stationary conductor by
placing a non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding and/or
deflecting material 90 between the stationary magnet 20 and the
stationary conductor 45 resulting in a null (Zero) electrical
potential across the output of the conductor.
[0000115] The present inventor is the first one that thought ofthe idea of placing a movable magnetic shield between a
stationary magnet and a stationary conductor in order to expand
and contract the magnetic lines of flux crossing a stationary
conductor to produce electromagnetic potential and generate the
electricity.
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[0000116] The distance the stationary magnet is placed from thestationary conductive coil is determined by the physical size,
shape and field strength of the magnet, the design
characteristics of the coil and the electrical generators
designed voltage and current output capacity. For this
particular design 0.1 to 1.0 inch apart from each other,
preferably 0.5 inches apart. The magnetic shield is then
rotated between the stationary magnet and the stationary
conductor alternately exposing and shielding (expanding and
contracting) the lines of magnetic flux radiating from the
stationary magnet across the conductive coil producing a voltage
potential across the output of the conductive coil.
[0000117] The magnetic shield 90 according to the presentinvention may have any shape or form, preferably circular,
square or rectangular. The thickness of the magnetic shield 90
should be chosen to be thick enough to block the magnetic flux
when the shield is moved between the stationary magnet and the
stationary conductor, but thin enough to keep the overall size
of the generator compact and to avoid waste of magnetic
shielding material.
[0000118] The present invention contemplates the use of any typeof non-ferrous shielding material, such as the one described by
Robert C. O'Handley in Modern Magnetic Materials, Principles and
Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 456-468, which
provide nanocrystalline magnetic alloys, which are particularly
well-suited for rapid switching of magnetic flux. These alloys
are primarily composed of crystalline grains, or crystallites,
each of which has at least one dimension of a few nanometers.
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The entire disclosure of each of these disclosures is hereby
incorporated by reference into this specification.
[0000119] Other non-ferrous magnetic materials havingparticularly useful properties are formed from an amorphous Co-
Nb-B (cobalt-niobium-boron) alloy having near-zero magnet-
obstruction and relatively strong magnetization, as well as good
mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
[0000120] The preferable non-ferrous material for the magneticshield according to the present invention is the one described
in US Patent No. 7, 220,488, entitled Deflecting Magnetic Field
Shield by William May and Gordon Wadle. The entire disclosure
of each of these disclosures is hereby incorporated by reference
into this specification. Examples 2 and 3 of the patent clearly
show how a magnetic shielding material can deflect or block the
magnetic lines of flux.
[0000121] The main advantage to the shielding material is thatit is non-ferrous; thus, there will be no loss of power from the
magnet(s) when used next to the shield.
[0000122] Another embodiment of the present inventioncontemplates the use of semi-ferrous materials for the magnetic
shield.
[0000123] The magnetic shield may be moved manually and/ormechanically by using any suitable device known in the art.
[0000124] FIG. 3 illustrates the first side view of thegenerator according to the present invention showing a
stationary magnet. FIG. 4 illustrates a second side view of the
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generator according to Figure 3 showing a stationary conductor.
As the motor 100 spins, the drive belt 105 rotates a plastic
pulley 110 between the stationary magnet 20 and the stationary
coil 45. The black areas on the pulley 120 represent the
sections that have had magnetic reflection / deflection material
applied to them. The white areas on the pulley 130 are
magnetically transparent so as to allow the lines of magnetic
flux to pass through to the coil unhindered. When the area of
the pulley that has had a magnetic
reflection/deflection/shielding material applied to it passes
between the stationary magnet and the stationary coil and
interrupts the magnetic field cutting across the conductive
coil. This expanding and contracting of the magnetic field
across the stationary conductor induces a voltage 140 across its
output.
[0000125] FIG. 5 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a positive voltage output 160 from the
conductive coil. The magnetic lines of the flux 30 cut across
the stationary conductor 45 as the magnetically transparent
section of the pulley 110 rotates between the stationary magnet
20 and the stationary conductor 45.
[0000126] FIG. 6 illustrates a generator according to thepresent invention showing a zero voltage output 170 from the
conductive coil. The magnetic lines of the flux 30 are shielded
from the conductive coil as the shielding material on the pulley
rotates between the stationary magnet 20 and the stationary
conductor 45. The magnetic lines of flux are blocked by the
rotating shielding material; thus, there are no lines of flux.
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[0000127] The present invention further contemplates a methodfor generating electrical potential comprising:
providing a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary
magnet radiates lines of magnetic flux;
placing a stationary conductor close enough to the
stationary magnet so that the lines of magnetic flux radiate
from the magnet intersect the stationary conductor;
alternatively moving a magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose (contract or expand) the lines of
magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet across the
stationary conductor;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the stationary conductor.
[0000128] While several forms of the invention have been shownand described, other forms will now be apparent to those skilled
in the art. Therefore, it will be understood that the
embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are merely
for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the
scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, which
follow as interpreted under the principles of patent law
including the doctrine of equivalents.
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What is claimed is:
1. A method for generating electrical potential comprising:
providing a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary
magnet radiates lines of magnetic flux;
placing a stationary conductor close enough to the
stationary magnet so that the lines of magnetic flux radiate
from the magnet intersect the stationary conductor;
alternatively moving a magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose (contract or expand) the lines of
magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet across the
stationary conductor;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the stationary conductor.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the magnetic shield is
manually moved.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the magnetic shield is
mechanically moved.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the magnetic shield is made of
a non-ferrous or semiferrous magnetic shielding material.
5. A device for generating electrical potential comprising:
a stationary magnet, wherein the stationary magnet radiates
lines of magnetic flux;
a stationary conductor located close enough to the
stationary magnet to be intersected by it lines of magnetic
flux;
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a movable magnetic shielding material; and
means for moving the magnetic shielding material between
the stationary magnet and the stationary conductor to
alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of magnetic flux radiating from the stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
6. The device according to claim 5 wherein the stationary
magnet is an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
7. A generator for generating electrical potential comprising:
a motor;
a drive belt in connection with the motor, wherein the
motor spins the drive belts that rotates a pulley located
between a stationary magnet and a stationary coil, wherein the
stationary magnet generates lines of magnetic flux;
a movable magnetic shield;
means for moving the shield between the stationary magnet
and the stationary conductor to alternately shield or expose the
stationary conductor to the lines of magnetic flux from the
stationary magnet;
wherein the movement of the magnetic shielding material
generates an electric potential across the output of the
stationary conductor.
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ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a method and device of
generating electrical potential by placing a magnetic shielding
and/or deflecting material between a stationary magnet and a
stationary conductor, then mechanically altering the position of
the magnetic shielding and/or deflecting material so as to
alternately shield or expose the stationary conductor to the
lines of flux radiating from the stationary magnet and across
the stationary conductor. This continuous expansion and
contraction of the magnetic lines of flux across the stationary
conductor generates an electric potential across the output of
the stationary conductor.
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