A look into our anatomy. BODY PLANESPOSITION The circulatory system is composed of the heart and...
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BODY SYSTEMS A look into our anatomy
A look into our anatomy. BODY PLANESPOSITION The circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries
The circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood
vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. Our bodies
actually have two circulatory systems: The pulmonary circulation is
a short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again, and the
systemic circulation (the system we usually think of as our
circulatory system) sends blood from the heart to all the other
parts of our bodies and back again. The circulatory system works
closely with other systems in our bodies. It supplies oxygen and
nutrients to our bodies by working with the respiratory system. At
the same time, the circulatory system helps carry waste and carbon
dioxide out of the body. The Blood Flow Cycle -
http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/circ.htmhttp://www.smm.org/heart/heart/circ.htm
Slide 4
Blood... Plasma... Platelets... Red Blood Cells...
Hemoglobin... White Blood Cells... Bodily fluid that delivers
necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and
transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
Made up of 4 components The liquid component of blood made up of
water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts. Transports blood cells
throughout your body along with nutrients, waste products,
antibodies, clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as
hormones, and proteins that help maintain the body's fluid balance.
Fragments of cells that help the blood clotting process. Most
abundant cell in the blood, accounting for about 40-45 percent of
its volume. Can travel through the smallest vessels. Live up to
about 120 days. Protein in blood, carries oxygen from the lungs to
the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body
to the lungs so it can be exhaled. Blood appears red because of the
large number of red blood cells, which get their color from the
hemoglobin Protect the body from infection. Much fewer in number
than red blood cells, accounting for about 1 percent of your blood.
Two types: T-CELLS attack cells (immune); B-CELLS create antibodies
to fight off pathogens.
Slide 5
Pathogen... Blood Vessel... Artery... Coronary... Pulmonary...
Vein...Capillary... Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They
are the thickest blood vessels, with muscular walls that contract
to keep the blood moving away from the heart and through the body.
Oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart into the aorta. This
huge artery curves up and back from the left ventricle, then heads
down in front of the spinal column into the abdomen. Two coronary
arteries branch off at the beginning of the aorta and divide into a
network of smaller arteries that provide oxygen and nourishment to
the muscles of the heart. Transports blood throughout the body.
There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, the
capillaries, and the veins. Enable the actual exchange of water and
chemicals between the blood and the tissues Connect arteries and
veins. Carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart.
Carries oxygen-poor blood. From the right ventricle, the pulmonary
artery divides into right and left branches, on the way to the
lungs where blood picks up oxygen. Bloodborne pathogens are
transmitted when contaminated blood or body fluids enter the body
of another person
Slide 6
HEART... Artria... Ventricles... Aorta... The key organ in the
circulatory system. As a hollow, muscular pump, its main function
is to propel blood throughout the body. It beats from 60-100 /per
minute. It beats about 100,000 times a day, more than 30 million
times per year, and about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year lifetime.
The heart has four chambers that are enclosed by thick, muscular
walls that lie between the lungs and just to the left of the middle
of the chest cavity. The upper part of the heart is made up of the
other two chambers of the heart, the right and left atria. The
right and left atria receive the blood entering the heart. A wall
called the interatrial septum divides the right and left atria,
which are separated from the ventricles by the atrioventricular
valves. The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the
right ventricle, and the mitral valve separates the left atrium and
the left ventricle The bottom part of the heart is divided into two
chambers called the right and left ventricles, which pump blood out
of the heart. A wall called the interventricular septum divides the
ventricles. largest artery in the body, originating from the left
ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it
bifurcates into two smaller arteries (the common iliacs). The aorta
distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the
systemic circulation http://youtu.be/JA0 Wb3gc4mE
Slide 7
Heart Rate... Pulse... Blood pressure... One complete heartbeat
makes up a cardiac cycle, which consists of two phases: 1. SYSTOLE:
the ventricles contract, sending blood into the pulmonary and
systemic circulation. To prevent the flow of blood backwards into
the atria during systole, the atrioventricular valves close,
creating the first sound (the lub). When the ventricles finish
contracting, the aortic and pulmonary valves close to prevent blood
from flowing back into the ventricles. This is what creates the
second sound (the dub). 2. DIASTOLE: Then the ventricles relax
(this is called diastole) and fill with blood from the atria. How
many times the heart beats in a unit of time, nearly always per
minute. The number of contractions of the lower chambers of the
heart (the ventricles). As the blood gushes through the artery from
a heart beat, it creates a bulge in the artery. The rate at which
the artery bulges can be measured by touching it with your fingers,
as on the wrist or neck. The force of blood against the walls of
arteries. Blood pressure is recorded as two numbersthe systolic
pressure (as the heart beats) over the diastolic pressure (as the
heart relaxes between beats). The measurement is written one above
or before the other, with the systolic number on top and the
diastolic number on the bottom. For example, a blood pressure
measurement of 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) is expressed
verbally as "120 over 80."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MG6ILGiNTvw&feature=relmfu
Slide 8
Think of thee BRAIN as a central computer that controls all the
functions of your body the nervous system is then like a network
that relays messages back and forth from it to different parts of
the body (via the spinal cord, which runs from the brain down
through the back and contains threadlike nerves that branch out to
every organ and body part). When a message comes into the brain
from anywhere in the body, the brain tells the body how to
react.
Slide 9
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Integrates the information that it
receives from, and coordinates the activity of, all parts of the
bodies. (BRAIN & SPINAL CORD) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Involves the spinal cord is a long bundle of nerve tissue about 18
inches long and inch thick. It extends from the lower part of the
brain down through spine. Along the way, various nerves branch out
to the entire body. (NERVES)
Slide 10
The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain,
associated with higher brain function such as thought and action.
The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called "lobes":
the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.
The cerebellum, or "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum in
that it has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or
cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and
coordination of movement, posture, and balance. Underneath the
limbic system is the brain stem. This structure is responsible for
basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood
pressure. Consists of millions of nerve fibers which transmit
electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of
the body, back to and from the brain.
Slide 11
NEURONS: specialized to carry "messages" through an
electrochemical process. The human brain has approximately 100
billion neurons. CELL BODYContains the information processing
center and the nucleus of the neuron Dendrites bring information to
the cell body Axons take information away from the cell body
Slide 12
DEEPER LEARNING: DEEPER LEARNING:
http://kidshealth.org/teen/interactive/brain_it.html
http://kidshealth.org/teen/interactive/brain_it.html STUDY GAME:
http://anatomyarcade.com/games/matchingGames/MatchABrain/matchABrain.htmlhttp://anatomyarcade.com/games/matchingGames/MatchABrain/matchABrain.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlUPCNLSJIY&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlUPCNLSJIY&feature=player_embedded
SENSORY NEURONS MOTOR NEURONS REFLEX ACTION Nerve endings on one
end of each neuron are encased in a special structure to sense a
specific stimulus (senses) Cells that directly or indirectly
controls the contraction or relaxation of muscles. When a receptor
is stimulated, it sends a signal to the central nervous system,
where the brain co-ordinates the response. Sometimes, a very quick
response is needed, one that does not need the involvement of the
brain. This is a reflex action.
Slide 13
Defends people against germs and microorganisms every day.
Problems with the immune system can lead to illness and
infection.
Slide 14
LYMPH: a clear-ish liquid that bathes the cells with water and
nutrients. Lymph is blood plasma -- the liquid that makes up blood
minus the red and white cells. Each cell does not have its own
private blood vessel feeding it, yet it has to get food, water, and
oxygen to survive. Blood transfers these materials to the lymph
through the capillary walls, and lymph carries it to the cells.
LYMPH NODE: contain filtering tissue and a large number of lymph
cells. When fighting certain bacterial infections, the lymph nodes
swell with bacteria and the cells fighting the bacteria, to the
point where you can actually feel them. Swollen lymph nodes are
therefore a good indication that you have an infection of some
sort. Once lymph has been filtered through the lymph nodes it
re-enters the bloodstream
Slide 15
SPLEEN acts primarily as a blood filter IMMUNITY = biological
term that describes a state of having sufficient biological
defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological
invasion. THYMUS GLAND= The thymus gland is an organ in the upper
chest cavity that processes lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell
that fights infections in the body. This organ is part of both the
lymphatic system, which makes up a major part of the immune system.
People who do not have this gland, or in whom it does not function
correctly, usually have compromised immune systems and difficulty
fighting disease.
Slide 16
WHITE BLOOD CELLSor Lymphocytes T-Cells - The main job of
T-cells is to fight infection. They directly attack and destroy
infectious agents and also guard the body against infection. After
they are produced in the bone marrow, these cells spend some time
maturing and developing in an organ in the chest called the thymus
(why they are named T-cells). After maturation, T-cells are present
in the blood and in lymph nodes. B-Cells - make antibodies against
antigens ANTIBODIES: Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is
used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign
objects such as bacteria and viruses (antigens). ActivityIMMUNE
SYSTEM CARTOON/VIDEO GAME
Slide 17
ACTIVITY: Immune Defense Comic Strip Write a cartoon or comic
strip about immune cells and their enemies. Immune cells such as
white blood cells are the body's defense system. This system fights
bacteria and viruses. Create an army of defense cells. Use
knowledge about how the defense system works and write a small
story using cartoon figures to explain about how our body defends
itself. The defense army can remember some enemies but not others
and this makes a good plot for a cartoon.