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2.Romanticism changed the direction of the Enlightenment by emphasizing (A) Skepticism over reason (B) Empirical evidence over reason (C) Emotion over reason (D) The unconscious mind over reason
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A Little ReviewThe Scientific Revolution and the
Enlightenment
1. Which best describes Voltaire’s personal faith?
(A) There is no God(B) God is everywhere and controls everything(C) God set the world in motion but then retreated and let it be(D) God is dead
2. Romanticism changed the direction of the Enlightenment by emphasizing
(A) Skepticism over reason(B) Empirical evidence over reason(C) Emotion over reason(D) The unconscious mind over reason
3. Which of these works was published first? (A) Newton’s Principia(B) Copernicus’s On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres(C) Fontenelle’s Plurality of Worlds(D) Galileo’s “Starry Messenger”
4. Credited with perfecting the experimental method: one example is that he rolled wooden balls down a ramp to measure their acceleration rate:
(A) Galileo(B) Newton(C) Descartes(D) Bacon
5. Madame du Chatelet is credited with
A. Hosting a salon where philosophers and scientists met
B. Her work in astronomy, including the discovery of several new stars
C. Volunteering her children for smallpox inoculation
D. Translating Newton’s Principia into French
6. What was the centerpiece of Newton's work? (A) The doctrine of uniformity (B) The law of inertia (C) The law of universal gravitation (D) The special theory of relativity
7. With which idea were thinkers like Pierre Bayle and David Hume associated? (A) Romanticism(B) Skepticism(C) Mercantilism(D) Rationalism
8. Which form of government did Locke prefer? (A) Absolute monarchy(B) Direct democracy(C) Representative democracy(D) Anarchy
9. The Neoclassic style was differentiated from the Baroque because
A) it was characterized by restraint and discipline.
B) it aimed at grandiose effects.
C) it was found mainly in Protestant countries.
D) it included art forms beyond painting.
10. Which scientist was so inspirational that he’s credited with starting the Enlightenment? (A) Newton(B) Galileo (C) Kepler (D) Copernicus
11. Montesquieu’s Persian Letters argues for (A) Freedom of speech(B) Separation of powers (C) Humane treatment of children
(D) Tolerance for other cultures
12. Which author and work is matched incorrectly?
A) Montesquieu, Two Treatises on Government
B) Locke, On Human Understanding.
C) d’Holbach, System of Nature
D) Fontenelle, On the Plurality of Worlds
13. He said “cogito ergo sum.” (“I think, therefore I am.”) and invented the deductive method
(A) Francis Bacon(B) Andreas Vesalius(C) Thomas Hobbes(D) Rene Descartes
14. Which of these had the most negative view of human nature?
(A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau(B) Voltaire(C) John Locke(D) Thomas Hobbes
A little Enlightened
review: Important terms and a few names from Chapter 18
15. Aristotle believed in an earth-centered, or
_____, universe
geocentric
16. Reasoning that begins with a
hypothesis and then proceeds to collecting
evidence
Deduction
17. An object orbiting the sun travels in
an_____, according to Kepler
Ellipse
18. Locke’s term: We are born “blank
slates,” or_____ ____Tabula rasa
19. Voltaire believed in God, but only in a God who created the universe and
then let it run, like a watchmaker. He was
therefore a ……Deist
20. “Empiricism” is another name for
______reasoning, Bacon’s innovation.Inductive
21. One who believes that nothing can ever be known with 100%
certainty
Skeptic
22. Madame Geoffrin’s was the best-known of these Enlightenment
meeting-places
Salons
23. When Voltaire said “Crush the infamous thing,” what was he
referring to?
The Catholic Church
24. A sun-centered universe
Heliocentric
25. In his Essay on Human Understanding, Locke asserted we are born as “blank slates,” or, in his Latin term…
• Tabula Rasa
26. Act of bringing information together to form a new hypothesis,
e.g., the Newtonian_______
Synthesis
27. Montesquieu’s belief about the
executive, judicial, legislative functions of
government
Separation of Powers
28. This is called a…
• Pediment
29. Rousseau’s term: Rulers rule according
to the “__________ ____” of the people
“General Will”
30. Term, and book title,
associated with Thomas Hobbes—it refers to a
powerful, dictatorial ruler
• Leviathan
31. One example of
applied science: This was a British
school for navigators
• Gresham College
32. John Churchill’s Blenheim
Palace includes gardens designed by_______?
• “Capability” Brown
33. Another term for inductive reasoning?
Empiricism
34. Madame Geoffrin’s was the best-known of these Enlightenment
meeting-places
Salons
35. From Chapter 16: What was the English
equivalent of the salon—where the ideas of the
day were discussed freely?
• Coffeehouses
36. As a group, French Enlightenment thinkers
were known as…
Philosophes
37. Galileo’s telescope and the newly-invented
microscope both depended on the
innovations in this field of study, which also
fascinated Newton
Optics
38. Galileo was charged with ___ by the
Inquisition for publishing his astronomical
discoveries.• Heresy
39. This Benjamin West painting illustrates what three elements of
Neoclassicism?
• Order, Harmony, Balance
40. Translate: Cogito ergo sum
“I think, therefore I am.”
41. This David painting is an example of ____style
• Neoclassic
42. This David
painting is an
example of
____style
• Romantic
43. Washington D.C’s buildings are a tribute to Greece and Rome. What governmental
traditions did we inherit from both?
• Greece (Athens): Direct democracy
• Rome: Republican (representative) democracy
44. Diderot edited and helped to
compile the first of these
Encyclopedias
45. This is called a…
• Portico
46. Galileo is credited with perfecting the
_______Method
Scientific, or Experimental(either is okay)
47. Madame du Chatelet translated
this.
Principia
48. Bernard de Fontenelle’s ______of
Worlds helped to explain the new
science to lay people.Plurality
49. Baron d’Holbach would have loved this Keanu Reeves movie,
about humans controlled by forces
outside their control.The Matrix
50. Both Rousseau and the Beatles would have
believed that the “Genie Experiment” lacked this vital, irrational, element
L o v e