A King Returns to the Throne

Chapter 21:ii

Charles II accepted

limits on his rule when

he agreed to respect the

Magna Charta and the Petition

of Right.

Parliament granted Charles II an income from taxes.

Charles II urged toleration of all religions, even

though he secretly preferred

the Roman Catholic Church.

Test Act of 1673

Any person

holding public

office must

belong to the

Anglican

Church.

Five Mile Act

Ministers refusing to acknowledge Anglican orthodoxy could not go within five miles of towns where they had formerly preached.

London

5 miles

In exchange for financial support from King Louis XIV of France,

Charles II secretly pledged to restore Roman

Catholicism in England.

Under Charles II, England seized the Dutch colony of New

Netherland in North America.

Whigs

• wanted to strengthen Parliament• tended to favour toleration of

Protestants• were fiercely anti-Catholic• tried to pass the Exclusion Act

barring James from becoming king

Tories generally supported the king and the

Anglican Church.

The Tories were able to defeat the Exclusion Act.

• would have barred James from being king

Exclusionary Act

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Protects an

individual from

arbitrary arrest.

A prisoner must be

arraigned before a

judge and informed of

the reason for their

detention.

When James II inherited the English throne, he

ignored the Test Act and appointed

Catholics to important

government posts.

Declaration of

Indulgence(1687)

Freedom for

all religions.

A male heir was finally born to James in June of 1688.

When Parliament learned that

James II planned to raise his male heir as a Roman

Catholic, it invited his oldest daughter Mary to take the English

throne.

James II fled to France when his nephew, Prince

William of Orange, landed in England with

an army of 15,000 men.

William and Mary signed a Bill of Rights protecting civil liberties.

English Bill of Rights

Limitations on English monarchs:• cannot suspend any laws without

Parliament’s consent• must have Parliament’s approval

to raise taxes or maintain an army• had to summon Parliament

frequently

English Bill of Rights(continued)

• guaranteed the right to a jury trial

• outlawed cruel and unusual punishment

• limited the amount of bail that could be imposed

Act of

Toleration1689

Allowed

Protestants

freedom of

worship.

In 1689, hoping to regain his

throne, James II

led a rebellion

in Ireland.

William of Orange secured his hold on the English throne when he defeated James II in Ireland.

James II fleeing Ireland after losing the Battle of the Boyne.

Act of Settlement

(1701)

Only an Anglican

could inherit the

English throne.

Parliament enforced harsh penalties on Irish Catholics to prevent future rebellions:

• could not buy or inherit land from Protestants

• could not be elected to the Irish Parliament

Act of Union(1707)

Created Great Britain by joining the kingdoms

of England and Scotland.

Scotland

England

James II’s other Protestant daughter Anne became Queen

of England after the deaths of William and

Mary.

George I

Sir Robert Walpole

George II

George III