A Heritage of Environmental Science Success

A Heritage ofEnvironmental Science Success

Protecting Earth’s Water, Air and Soilfor More than Half a Century

• Believes that designing safety into our products is essential at every stage of product development

• Partners with the entire Company to provide products and services that don’t require the consumer to make choices between sustain-ability and their needs for performance and value

• Achieves excellence through inter-disciplinary collaboration that provides environmental solutions which enable product, package, manufacturing and go-to-market innovation

the EnvironmentalCommunity of

2 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success

The Environmental Science Communityat Procter & GambleP&G was one of the first companies in the world to actively study the environmental impact of high-volume ingredients in consumer products. Environmental safety is an integral part of product quality that consumers expect.

What happens to ingredients in products like Tide®, Pantene®, or Crest® after being used by a consumer? How much of these ingredients pass into the environment? What impact, if any, do these ingredients have on plants, animals, and bacteria?

These are just a few of the many questions that Procter & Gamble’s Environmental Community asks before any of our products go to market. Everything we produce must pass through an Environmental Assessment process to ensure that consumers never need to choose between safety, sustainability and their needs for performance and value.

A Legacy of Environmental Safetyand SustainabilityP&G’s commitment to safety and sustainability is not new. P&G has been working to protect the environment since the 1950’s and has long been responsive to the consumer desire for greener products. We have a long history of sustainable innovation, spanning the development of products, packaging, and raw materials. The Environmen-tal Community is a long-standing contributor to these efforts thanks to innovations in green chemistry, product Life Cycle Analysis, and investigation of emerging and future needs in environmental risk assessment.

Today, P&G’s environmental initiatives are supported by more than 500 professional scientists worldwide. Each one of us is dedicated to the same goal: making sure every product we produce is safe for both our consumers and the environment.

Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 3

Procter & Gamble has a long tradition of under-standing how ingredients and products may enter and impact the environment. In the early 1960’s, the Environmental Water Quality Labora-tory was established to research the effects of phosphates and cleaning agents from detergents in lakes and rivers. The EWQL developed new methods to support the emerging science of environmental safety assessment. Toxicity testing of algae, small aquatic animals and fish and new

methods to identify the biodegradability of chemicals had their earliest roots in this depart-ment. A track record of developing new test methods and safety assessment approaches by cooperating with leading academic, government and other industry scientists are all part of this tradition. The result? Sustainable development of chemicals with improved environmental profiles, safe use, and new tools for environmen-tal scientists globally.

Early Beginnings


Environmental Science TodayThe heart of the P&G Environmental Community is the Central Product Safety Department with many other members present throughout the Business Units and other functions. Our environmental scientists work closely with product developers, technologists, and colleagues from every Business Unit to make sure that safety is an integral part of every stage of product design and development.

In addition, CPS is active outside of P&G, collaborating with scientists at universities, world governments, and industry associations to improve environmental science and safety world-wide. P&G scientists routinely share their findings in scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed scientific publications, and are recognized internationally for their expertise.

Key Elements of our Safety CommitmentCompany-wide policies ensure product safety and sustainability

• Pre-market, science-based assessments made of all ingredients. Compounds that fail to meet environmental standards are not used

• Rigorous control of production cycle, including raw material specifications, formulation management, process and quality control

• Safe operations that protect the life, health, and environment of employees and the surrounding community

• Full compliance with all applicable product safety, labeling, and regulatory requirements (including transportation, waste management, and product disposal)

• Transparency of communication. Safety and sustainability information is made freely available to everyone

• Collaboration and leadership in industry-wide safety and sustainability efforts

• Health and environmental data recorded to confirm pre-market research and measure improvements to health and environment

• Ongoing assessments made of all processes to improve future products

DID YOU KNOW? The energy savings potential of Tide Coldwaterhas been officially recognized by the US EPA


Protecting Water, Air and SoilFrom the average consumer’s perspective, the life cycle of a P&G product ends when it is washed down a drain or tossed in the trash. Knowing what happens after disposal is one of the most important priorities for P&G’s Environmental Science Community.

Long before any new product is released, our scientists are working to determine where waste material will go into the environment, how much of it will reach each habitat, and how long it will remain.

• Environments of interest include:

– Drain and flush disposal/wastewater treatment

– Landfill

– Soil and terrestrial

– Surface water and sediment

– Groundwater and drinking water

– Atmosphere

• Ingredients must be safe in relevant environmental compartments where they may be disposed or occur

• Assessment must be made for all relevant pathways

• Evaluations are confirmed by environmental monitoring studies


The Science of Environmental Risk AssessmentThe objective of the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is to demonstrate that our ingredients and products are safe for the ecosystem. ERA is one of several tools used by P&G to evaluate ingredients before and after being placed on the market.

Leave No Trace The goal of Environmental Risk Assessment is to make sure that chemicals used in our products will not harm the environment. To achieve this goal, it is essential to understand two things:

1. What is the potential hazard posed by a chemical or compound that could affect organisms in the environment?

2. How much of this ingredient is expected to be present in the environment?

Simply put, the ERA ensures that the concentration of any ingredient that enters the environment will be significantly lower than the concentration that could cause harm to the environment.

The assessment begins with simple laboratory screening tests and progresses to increas-ingly more realistic experiments based on actual use. Assessments are performed for every disposal path, including wastewater, rivers, soil, sediment, ground and surface water, and emissions into the air.

The ERA process does not end when a product is placed on the market. Scientists world-wide continue to monitor the environment on an ongoing basis to confirm the outcome of the risk assessment.

Our methodologies have evolved over the years, thanks to collaborative work with industry, government, and academic scientists. Many of our methods have become standardized and are now used by the scientific community worldwide.

DID YOU KNOW? P&G scientists worked with theInternational Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Developmentto develop tests for environmental fate


Over 50 Yearsof Environmental InititativesProcter & Gamble has a long and proud history of developing products that meet the needs of consumers all over the world. One of these needs is the assurance that products, packaging, and mate-rials associated with P&G products are safe for the environment. So while P&G develops new and innovative products, a companion effort to understand their characteristics in relevant environmental conditions is also undertaken. Environmental science advances and technology innovations led by P&G are highlighted here in the context of significant global environmental events and products with which they are associated.


ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L A

WA

REN

ESS

& L

EGIS

LATI

ON

PRO

DU

CTS

& M

ARK

ETIN

G E

FFO

RTS

P&G

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TAL

INIT

IATI

VES

European Commission publishes the Chemicals White Paper, launching the ambitious REACH legislation

EPA launches WaterSense program to encourage water efficiency; Al Gore presents

An Inconvenient Truth; Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change released in

Great Britain

G8 leaders and representatives of 5 emerging economies sign the

“Washington Declaration,” proposing a cap–and–trade system to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

First environmental safety publication at

P&G – measuring surfactants in rivers

First environmental toxicology studies to support Dreft, P&G’s first synthetic laundry detergent

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Act

Mauna Loa Observatory begins monitoring of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) levels

World Wildlife Federation (WWF) established in

Switzerland

Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring

is published

U.S. National Wildlife Refuge

System Act

U.S. National Trails System Act and Wild and Scenic

Rivers ActFirst Earth Day, United States Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) formed, U.S.

Resource Recovery Act

Greenpeace founded in Vancouver, Canada;

International Institute for Environment and

Development founded in London

OPEC oil embargo against the U.S.,

U.S. Endangered Species Preservation Act; chemists at University of California begin studying the effect

of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) on the Earth’s atmosphere

U.S. Energy Policy and Conservation Act

U.S. National Environmental

Policy Act (NEPA), is passed

U.S. Clean Air Act

U.S. Wilderness Act

Disposable diapers introduced

P&G introduces enzymes into laundry detergents

for superior stain removalP&G position on

non-use of APE in detergents was given

Switch to biodegradable

anionic surfactant LAS begins

Zeolite introduced as a

phosphate replacement

P&G reaches $10 billion in

sales

P&G develops the biodegradable chelator, EDDS

Development of the first biodegradable fabric

softeners for the U.S. and European markets

Company-wide Environmental Quality

Policy articulated

P&G moves to elemental chlorine

free pulp for all P&G paper products

Formation of the P&G Environmental Water

Quality Laboratory

Initiation of on-going instream biological

monitoring program at the Mehoopany Pulp and

Paper manufacturing plant, one of the longest running efforts in the U.S.

First manufacturing plant environmental

audit

Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, Sweden; United Nations Environment Programme founded; Club of Rome publishes Limits to Growth; U.S. Clean Water Act; Use of

DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl- Trichloroethane) banned in U.S.

Corporate Environmental Safety Department is formed

Publication of the “Sturm Test,” the forerunner of the Ready Biodegradability Test

Algal toxicity test incorporated into

P&G safety assessments

P&G environmental scientists enlist academia,

government and industry to affirm tiered approach in

environmental safety in the context of TSCA

P&G Environmental safety organization formed in

Europe (Brussels)

Procedures to estimate environmental concentrations of consumer product ingredients published by Holman of P&G

P&G is co-founding Charter member of the Society of Environmental Toxicology

and Chemistry

P&G publishes 10th environmental safety paper to support new biodegradability test

methods

P&G’s 100th peer reviewed environmental publication

Formation of the P&G Safety and Regulatory function separate from product development

P&G Initiates the SETAC Pre-Doctoral Fellowship which has continuously supported young scientists with over $500,000 in scholarships

P&G Experimental Stream Facility

begins operation

P&G commits $20 Million to assist the development of U.S.

compost infrastructure

Along with other scientists, defined the new technical field of Life Cycle

Analysis

Development of the first branched

anionic surfactant with a favorable environmental

profile

Science-in-the-Box web site is launched to relay P&G’s detergent safety

and science information publicly

2X compaction of liquid and granular detergents in U.S.

Pampers continues to reduce product

weight, now 30% less

than in 1990

First P&G Annual Global Environmental Report

Kobe Technical Center, housing the Asian region

safety organization, opens in Japan

P&G commits to Sustainable Forestry for

sourcing pulp

Downy Single Rinse introduced, saving water in regions of

the world where this is a priceless commodity

Tide Coldwater and Ariel Coolclean are introduced, saving energy with the same performance as the original formulas

Conclusion to Dutch Surfactant Program establishing the safe profile of the major

surfactants in the market

P&G named the United Nations World Environment Center Gold Medal recipient

P&G introduces its first compact detergent in Europe and Asia

P&G scientists lead development of the

Geo-referenced Regional Exposure Assessment tool

for European Rivers

P&G articulates principles for Integrated Solid Waste

Management

P&G scientists receives the Willem Rudolf Award from

the Water Environment Federation on environmental safety studies investigating

Olestra

P&G develops Japan’s first environmental exposure

model for consumer products

P&G scientists collaborate with OhioEPA to deliver a new tool for

ecoepidemiology demonstrating the full suite of forces affecting stream health

P&G’s 500th peer reviewed environmental

publication

P&G’s product safety assessment functions are

centralized into the Central Product Safety Department

P&G scientist receives SETAC Roy F. Weston

Award for novel atmospheric chemistry

research

P&G led the development of guidelines to assess

flushable products which were published by the Water Environment

Research Foundation

P&G scientists contribute to the adoption of the first

animal alternative reduction method, the threshold approach, adopted at ECVAM and OECD

OECD adopts P&G’s laboratory biodegradation

test series as a new international standard

U.S. National Environmental Education Act; European Environmental Agency

establishedKyoto Protocol signed in

Kyoto, JapanConvention on Long-Range

Transboundary Air Pollution established

U.S. Emergency Wetlands

Resources Act

EPA launches Energy Star program to encourage

energy efficiency

United Nations Conference on Environment and

Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), more

commonly known as the Superfund, established in U.S.

First diagrammatic representation

of tiered environmental risk

assessmentMontreal Protocol on

Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer first signed

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) formed

P&G scientist receives George Olmstead Award from the American paper Institute for contributions towards understanding fish populations exposed to manufacturing discharges

2-in-1 Pert Shampoo, reducing packaging, water savings,

increasing convenience

Over 50 Years ofEnvironmental Initiatives

World Around

The

Zeolite

Safety and

Regulatory

0

2

4

6

8

10

billionin sales$10billionin sales$10

H

HH

HH

H

H

NN

H

O

OO

O

O

OO

O

1956 1958 1961 1962 1963 1964 1966 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1983 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s


Biodegradability AssessmentOver time, organic waste materials break down and are safely renewed by nature—a process known as biodegradation. Biodegradability is an important property of ingredients that enter the environment. Scientists study each environment a product might enter in order to understand why and how materials decompose. These environments include sewers, wastewater treatment plants, landfills, rivers, soil and more. Understanding why and how materials may decompose minimizes their entry into the environment in the first place.

Biodegradability of ingredients is evaluated with simple laboratory tests and more sophisticated simulations if needed. Many of these tests, which are now widely used by other companies and government scientists worldwide, were originally developed by experts working within P&G. This includes the Ready Biodegradability Test and the newest (2008) OECD Wastewater Simulation Test series.

Toxicology AssessmentUnderstanding the environmental effects of every substance we use is funda-mental to the development of risk assessment and the management of chemi-cals. This is especially critical during the development of new chemicals that have not yet been used by the consumer.

When necessary, measurable environmental benefits can be achieved by conducting toxicology studies with algae, invertebrates, and fish. The toxicol-ogy lab can accommodate organisms from freshwater, marine and sediment environments.

IIn addition, ongoing research is underway to minimize and even eliminate the need for fish in toxicity testing without compromising consumer or environmental safety. The Fish Embryo Toxicity Test and new cellular and subcellular-based assays for bioaccumulation are among these.

Computer ModelingP&G and its partners collect vast amounts of data on the physical and chemical effects of ingredients used in consumer products. Computer models allow us to predict the properties of similar chemicals for which data are not available. These models also help prioritize and thus minimize testing.

The same data are also used to predict the concentrations of chemicals that may occur in various ecosystems such as rivers, estuaries, soil and the air. This in turn allows the safety of a proposed product to be assessed in detail—at the local, regional, national, and worldwide scale—prior to its release.

Flushability Assessment P&G’s Flushability Lab is a unique facility created in 1993. Thousands of products and prototypes have been tested here to evaluate compatibility with waste disposal systems in Europe, North America, and Asia.

The Lab conducts extensive field and home-usage tests to determine each product’s effect on toilets, drain lines, sewage pumps, septic tanks, and aerated on-site systems, as well as municipal collection and treatment systems. Products designed to be flushable are fully evaluated before they are placed on the market.


Life-Cycle AssessmentLife-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool used by P&G scientists to broadly understand potential environmental burdens of products and services. This comprehensive process monitors the use of resources, and energy (inputs) as well as production of greenhouse gases, solid waste, eutrophication and summer smog (outputs) to determine a product’s potential impact on the environment.

A typical product life cycle includes the following stages:1. Production of raw materials and components2. Manufacturing of a functional product3. Use of the product4. Treatment and disposal of residual waste, including packaging5. Transportation between each of the above stages

All input and output factors throughout the entire life cycle are combined to evaluate how a given product might affect the ecosystem.

LCA in Action: Cold-Water Washing After many years of conducting LCAs on our products, we realized that we could reduce the energy associated environmental impact of the laundering process by 60-80 percent. Our analysis showed that the vast majority of energy consumed was used to heat the wash water (see figure below) in the consumer’s home.

This conclusion led to the development of Tide Coldwater and Ariel Actif à froid, both launched in 2005. These products provide the same performance consumers expect from P&G detergents at a

much lower temperature. The consumer sees an immediate benefit—saving energy and its associated costs—while actively contributing to the protection of the environment.

Cold-water laundry detergent products are now available throughout North America and across Europe. Importantly, these and other products are designed to provide the same value as their less environmentally-friendly counterparts. There is no tradeoff for the consumer. This LCA of hot-water laundering revealed that the

majority of the environmental burden comes from heating the water. These findings led to the development of products that reduce this burden by up to 80%.

DID YOU KNOW? P&G plants’ eco-efficiency has reached 95.6% in 2007

0

20

40

60

80

100

Supplier Manufacturer Packaging Transport Use Disposal

Energy (MJ)

CO2 (kg)

Solid Waste (kg)


CAPABILITIES


Wide-Ranging Expertise, All-Inclusive ProtectionProcter & Gamble’s environmental commitment is one of the most comprehensive of any company worldwide. Our staff of more than 500 Ph.D. scientists and professional researchers must ensure that every product is safe for the environment and complies with all applicable regulations worldwide.

To meet this commitment, the Central Product Safety team has experts in fields that are critical to protecting the ecosystem, including:

Over the years, P&G’s interdisciplinary approach to environmental science has been instru-mental in advancing consumer safety and the science of environmental risk assessment. Key focus areas and achievements include:

• The creation of internationally-accepted methods to understand the ultimate fate of chemi-cals in consumer products in all ecosystems; and what effects, if any, they may cause

• Reducing—and in some cases eliminating—the need for animal testing by developing cellular and sub-cellular models to measure the buildup of potentially harmful substances in living organisms (bioaccumulation)

• The development of new test strategies and methods to replace, refine, or reduce the use of fish in other forms of toxicity testing, without compromising the effectiveness of risk assessments

• A state-of-the-art “flushability” laboratory to help designers understand and assess the transport of flushable products. Flushability methods pioneered by P&G are now used as worldwide standards

• Life-cycle assessment tools to guarantee the best environmental compatibility at every stage, including product development, packaging, and transportation

• Computer modeling tools that can predict environmental exposure to consumer product ingredients and identify factors affecting the biological health of rivers and streams

• Laboratory approaches to predict potential influences of products in the environment worldwide before they are marketed

• Analytical Measurement

• Aquatic and Terrestrial Toxicology

• Atmospheric Chemistry

• Biochemistry

• Biodegradability and Compostability

• Bioaccumulation

• Ecology

• Environmental Engineering

• Flushability

• Life Cycle Assessment

• Predictive Modeling

• Risk Assessment

• Wastewater Treatment

DID YOU KNOW? P&G’s risk assessment expertise helped in the developmentof the original Japanese METI GHS risk assessment guidancefor all consumer products


Giving Back P&G is committed to advancing environmental science around the globe by providing financial support, managing funds and research proposals, sharing the results of its scientific research, conducting studies on behalf of other organizations, and by encouraging eco-friendly govern-ment regulations worldwide. Many practices commonly used today by environmental scien-tists around the globe were first developed at P&G.

The P&G environmental community regularly seeks collaboration with international scientists, academia, government, industry partners and even competitors. In addition, P&G’s worldwide reputation for environmental innovation has encouraged others interested in protecting the environment to call upon our expertise for scientific and technical advice.

Representative Collaborations withP&G’s Environmental CommunityOrganizations:

ACCAmerican Chemistry CouncilArlington, Virginia

AISEInternational Association for Soaps, Detergents, and Maintenance ProductsBrussels, Belgium

CEFICEuropean Chemical Industry CouncilBrussels, Belgium

ColipaEuropean Cosmetics AssociationBrussels, Belgium

Japan CRMJapanese Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityTsukubu, Japan

ECVAMEuropean Centre for the Validation of Alternative MethodsIspra, Italy

DEFRAUK Department for Environment, Food and Rural AffairsLondon, England

ECETOCEuropean Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of ChemicalsBrussels, Belgium

EDANAInternational association serving the nonwovens and related industriesBrussels, Belgium

Environment CanadaOttawa, Ontario

ERASMEuropean Risk Assessment and ManagementBrussels, Belgium

Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg, Germany

HESIHealth and Environmental Science InstituteWashington, DC

INRAFrench National Institute for Agricultural ResearchParis, France

JSDAJapan Soap and Detergent AssociationTokyo, Japan

Miami UniversityOxford, Ohio

NIWANational Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchChristchurch, New Zealand

OECDOrganization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentParis, France

Ohio EPAOhio Environmental Protection AgencyColumbus, Ohio

RIVMDutch National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthoven, Netherlands

SETACSociety of Environmental Toxicology and ChemistryBrussels, BelgiumGulf Breeze, Florida

University of BernBern, Switzerland

University of North TexasDenton, Texas

University of WalesBangor, UK

USEPACincinnati, OhioGulf Breeze, Florida

WERFWater Environment Research FoundationAlexandria, Virginia

Wright State UniversityDayton, Ohio

WWFWorld Wildlife FundWashington, DC


Looking to the FutureAt Procter & Gamble, it’s not enough for us to merely comply with existing environmental regulations. Our philosophy is grounded in the belief that we should be a leader in our indus-try, preserving and improving the environment for future generations.

Environmental progress is a never-ending journey that requires continuous effort and improve-ment. For this reason, we never stop working to improve the environmental quality of our products, packaging, and operations around the world.

P&G’s environmental community is working hard to create new innovations for the future, including:

• Partnering with P&G resources, customers, and consumers to provide technical solutions to new sustainability questions

• Understanding the safety of new sustainably-sourced chemicals

• Reducing, replacing, and if possible eliminating the use of animal testing without com-promising safety to the consumer or the environment

• Developing approaches to combine all sources of environmental safety information into geographically integrated assessments for all forms of environmental stressors

Want to Learn More?P&G believes strongly in transparent communication of its research for the benefit of global science. Our environmental scientists have published nearly 800 peer-reviewed papers and books since the late 1960s—more than any other consumer product company. These publica-tions cover a wide range of environmental topics, including the environmental fate of chemi-cals, exposure, effects, chemistry, ecology, and the physiology of organisms.

To review a sampling of these landmark papers, or for additional information on P&G’s envi-ronmental initiatives, we invite you to visit the following web sites:

www.scienceinthebox.comwww.pg.com

www.pgperspectives.com

www.pgbeautyscience.com

http://www.pg.com/company/our_commitment/product_safety.jhtml

www.greenguarantee.com/index.htp

DID YOU KNOW? P&G led the environmental assessment of detergent alcohols used by the industry


DID YOU KNOW? P&G pioneered environmental auditing ofits manufacturing sites in the early 1970’s

Corporate HeadquartersProcter & Gamble CompanyOne Procter & Gamble PlazaCincinnati, Ohio 45202

Mailing address:P.O. Box 599Cincinnati, Ohio 45201

Visit our website at www.pg.com

© 2008 Procter & Gamble

Documents

A Heritage of Environmental Science Success