Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
URBAN PLANNING & HEALTH
Urban Planning
Creating space: making decisions about use and developments of land and buildings (Barton & Tsourou, 2000)
State of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease (WHO, 1948).
Fundamental right for every human being
Health
These decisions are taken with the public interest in mind
Improving people’s quality of life (Barton & Tsourou, 2000)
URBAN PLANNING & HEALTH
UrbanPlanning
Health
STRATEGIES
Houses Infrastructure Land use
PROBLRMS
Disease and health problems
In 19th century ….
Later….
HealthUrban
Planning
HEALTH PROBLEMS IN CITIES
Developed Cities With Inactive Citizens
Inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor forglobal mortality- 6% of deaths globally(WHO, 2010)
NCDs now account for nearly half of the overall global burden of disease (WHO, 2010).
Violence, high-density traffic, pollution, lack of parks, sidewalks and sports/recreation
facilities (WHO, 2015)
HEALTHY CITY
HEALTHY CITY
UrbanPlanning
Health
We Need to Overcome Health Problems in City
HEALTHY CITY
HEALTHY CITY
HEALTHY-ACTIVE CITYis continually creating and improving opportunities in the built
and social environments and expanding community resources to enable all its citizens to be physically active in day-to-day life
(Edwards & Tsouros, 2008)
GOALTo improve citizens’ health
To reduce health inequalities in cities
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Physical Activity
A way to overcome health problems in citizens (WHO,
2010)
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDELINES
INACTIVITY IN CITIZENS
Reports indicate prevalence of inactivity in citizens, especially in older adults and people of low-socioeconomic status.
UK Government Report in 2014:Yet a large proportion of the UK populationremains inactive and the situation is notimproving….. 28.5% of adults fail to achieveeven 30 minutes of physical activity over sevendays…..At the moment, however, only 21% ofboys and 16% of girls meet the UK ChiefMedical Officers’ guideline of 60 minutes ofphysical activity per day.
INCREASING LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
To increases regular physical activity in city(Urban planning)
Increasing physical activity is an urgent concern in cities (Edwards& Tsouros, 2008)
Walking for transport Walking for recreation Walking for exercise
To improve walking (as a type of physical activity) urban planners need to know:
Location: Where is the problem, in which parts of city?
What urban factors do encourage people to walk?
INCREASING LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
FACTORS
Feasibility
Accessibility
Safety
Comfort
Pleasurability
Walking Needs (Alfonzo, 2005)
Available different facilities in close distance, connected routes
Street lights, presence of people
Traffic calming, street furniture, wide pavement
Historical building, greenery, streetscape, colors, public space, outdoor dining area, clean and fresh air
LOCATION
Inactivity Walkability
Accessible facilitiesStreet connectivity
REFERENCES
Alfonzo, M. A. 2005, To walk or not to walk? The hierarchy of walking needs,
Environment and Behavior (37) 6: 808-836
Edwards, P. & Tsouros, A. D. 2008, A Healthy city is an active city: a physical activity
planning guide, Copenhagen: World Health Organization
Hugh, B. & Tsourou, C. 2000, Healthy urban planning, London: Spon Press
WHO, 2010, Global recommendations on physical activity for health, Geneva: World
Health Organization
UK Gov. 2014, Moving more, Living more: the physical activity Olympic and Paralympic
Legacy for the nation, retrieved from
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/2796
57/moving_living_more_inspired_2012.pdf
WHO, 2015, Physical inactivity: a global public health problem, retrieved from
http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_inactivity/en/
WHO, 1948, WHO definition of Health, retrieved from
http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html
