A Gymnastic Termss

8/9/2019 A Gymnastic Termss

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A A skills- The lowest level moves in a gymnastic routine. For example a back handspring is an A level skill. Acro- Tumbling skill on the floor or balance beam. sed most commonly when referring to a combination of dancere!uirements. Acrobatics- "lements of gymnastics that re!uire control# balance# strength and f lexibility. "xamples includeslower skills like a front walkover for women or corner skills for men. Adagio- A dance term that refers to a slow# sustained movement. Adolph- A front somersault in the layout position with three-and-one-half twists$ performed on trampoline. Aerial- A gymnastics move# in which the gymnast rotates in the air without touching the apparatus with his or herhands. Also referred to as a no-handed cartwheel or front walkover. All-around- A category of gymnastic competition that includes all of the events. The person with the highest totalscore from all the events is the all-around champion. Allegro- A dance term used to describe fast# !uick %umps. There are two types& grand 'large %umps( and petite'small %umps(. Alternates- A tumbling pass that connects two somersaults 'saltos( by use of a handspring. sually refers to abackward tumbling pass. 'e.g. roundoff whip back handspring whip.( Amplitude- The height or difficulty of a movement. )n general# the higher the movement# the better the amplitudeand the score. Apparatus- A piece of e!uipment used in gymnastics competitions. The common apparatuses used in gymnastics

include& the balance beam# parallel bars# uneven parallel bars# pommel horse# vault# floor# still rings and hori*ontalbar. Arabesque- A dance and gymnastics pose where the body is balanced on one leg and the other leg is extendedup off the floor behind the body. Arch position- A backwards curve of the body-- usually refers to the backwards curve of the spine. Attitude- A dance pose similar to the arabes!ue. The body is balanced on one leg while the other leg is extendedin front of the body# behind the body or to the side of the body in a slightly bent knee position.

B Back flip- A backwards somersault in the air performed in either the tuck# pike or layout position. Back giant- A skill performed on either the high bar# uneven parallel bar or parallel bar where the body circlesaround the bar. The movement starts from a handstand position and ends in the handstand position.

Back walkover- A control skill where a gymnast starts in the standing position# arches her into a backbend andkicks her legs over her head to land on her feet in a step-out landing 'one leg followed by the other(. )t is performedas one continuous movement. Backbend- A gymnastic skill where the body bends backwards in an arch position and the feet and hands touchthe floor simultaneously. Back-in, full-out - A double somersault with a full twist 'the complete twist is performed during the secondsomersault(. Balance- +rounded and secure in position. A skill needed for apparatuses like the balance beam or pommelhorse. Also refers to a routine that evenly distributes acrobatic skills and dance movements. Balance beam- A long and narrow apparatus used by women in a routine designed to emphasi*e grace andbalance. )t is a solid piece of wood that is four feet high# four inches wide and , feet long. A balance bar routineincludes a variety of acrobatic and dance skills that last for / to 0/ seconds and ends with a dismount. Ball-out- A front somersault on the trampoline that is performed by taking off after a bounce on the back. Bar- An apparatus used by both men and women in gymnastics. 1en use the high bar and the parallel bars.2omen use the uneven parallel bars. Also referred to as a rail.

Barani- A forward somersault with a half twist performed in the layout position. Blind change- 3erformed on the high bar or uneven bars. The gymnast performs a back giant# does a half turn ontop of the bar# and continues in a front giant. Block- A term used to describe a rapid bounce or rebound off the floor or vault with the arms. Bonus points- Additional points awarded to a routine based on the combination of difficult skills. The F)+ hasgiven every gymnastics skill a point value based on skills that are ranked from A to ". The bonus points are awardedif 4# 5 and " level skills are se!uenced together in a routine. Bridge- Another name for a backbend. 6ormally started by lying on the back# the hands and feet remain on thefloor and the body is pushed up with the back arching and the stomach facing the ceiling.
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Buck- A short gymnastics horse without pommels. )t is often used to train a gymnast on the pommel horse. Alsocalled a pommel buck.

C Candlestick- A shoulder stand with the legs in the air# feet pointed towards the ceiling and the body rested on thetop of the shoulders. Cartwheel- A common gymnastic skill where a gymnast starts on one leg and places his7her hands on the groundwhile kicking his7her legs up into a side handstand# before continuing the motion and landing with one foot on theground followed by the other. Cat leap- A gymnastic and ballet leap where the gymnast takes off on one leg then bends the front leg at the kneewhile the back leg turns out with the toe pointed. )t is also known as a 3as de 4hat. Chain turn- A half turn executed on the balls of the feet. The half turns are chained together as the head whipsaround to look at one spot continuously throughout the se!uence of spins. Chass- A dance movement where one leg makes a small %ump and is followed by the other leg. )n layman termsreferred to as a gallop. Choreography- A series of artistic elements# ballet movements and acrobatics that create a floor or balance beamroutine. Clear hip circle- 2hen the body moves in a circle around the bar without the hips touching. Code of points- The official rulebook for %udging gymnastics skills.

Composition- The arrangement of moves in a gymnastics routine Compulsories - 8e!uired routines that all gymnasts in certain levels '9evel :#;#( must complete. These routineshave elements and skills that gymnasts in a certain level of gymnastics should be able to perform and are determinedby a governing body such as


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" "lip-flop - 6ickname for a back handspring. This is a common movement where the gymnast takes off from one ortwo feet# %umps backwards onto her hands# and lands on her feet. "#$- The )nternational Federation of +ymnastics# the international governing body for the sport of gymnastics. "le!ibility- The ability of the body to stretch into various positions without pain or damage. "lic-flac- Also see back handspring. A common gymnastic movement where a gymnast takes off from one or twofeet# %umps backwards onto her hands and lands on her feet. Also known as a flip-flop or a back handspring. "lip- A tumbling element where the body does a somersault in the air without the hands touching the ground. Alsocalled a somersault or salto. "loor e!ercise- A routine consisting of a variety of dance and acrobatic maneuvers and is performed on a :/ foots!uare spring floor. "lyaway- A back somersault dismount from the uneven bars# hori*ontal bar# or parallel bars. )t can be performedin either the tuck# pike or layout positions. "ront giant- A forward circle around the bars starting and ending in a handstand position. This is performed withthe hands in a reverse grip. "ront handspring- A forward tumbling skill that starts with a step or a hurdle. The body then bounces onto thehands and rotates through a handstand before landing on the feet. "ront hip circle- A forward movement around the bar with the hips resting on the bar and the body rotatingaround the bar.

"ront somersault- A forward flip performed in the air without hands. )t can be performed in either the tuck# pike orlayout positions. )t can also refer to a forward somersault on the ground. "ront walkover- A gymnastic skill where the gymnast performs a forward handstand then moves into a backbendand up to his7her feet. The entire skill is performed in a continuous motion. "ull- A back somersault with one twist usually performed in the layout position. "ull turn- A complete @/ degree rotation usually performed on one foot. )t is a re!uired element for both thebalance beam and the floor exercise. "ull-in, back-out- Two somersaults with one full twist where the twist is executed during the first somersault "ull-in, full-out- Two somersaults and two twists with one twist performed on the first somersault and one twistperformed on the second somersault.

$ $aylord- =n the high bar# an execution that involves a front giant arm-swing into a front one-and-one halfsomersault over the bar# before re-grabbing the bar at the end. )t was named after


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&ealy- A gymnastics movement on the bars where a gymnast removes one arm while moving forward in ahandstand and completes a full twist before re-grasping the bar with both hands. &igh bar- This term can refer to mens hori*ontal bar apparatus or the womens top bar on the uneven parallelbars. &ip circle- A circle around the bar in either the forward or backward motion where the hips are resting on the barthroughout the circle. &ollow- A term referring to the body position of the gymnast. The hips are pulled under# the butt is tucked in and

the core of the body is scooped in rounding the chest forward. &ori'ontal bar- The high bar in the mens gymnastics events. &orse-


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+at - A piece of gymnastics e!uipment that is soft and made of polyurethane foam to help cushion landings ondismounts from apparatuses such as the bars# balance beam and vault. )t is also used when a gymnast is learningnew gymnastics skills. +i!ed grip- A term used to describe the grip of the hands on the uneven parallel bars and hori*ontal bar whenone hand is in the forward grip position and the other hand is in the reverse hand grip position. +ount- The entry onto apparatuses like the balance beam# parallel bars# uneven parallel bars# hori*ontal bars andpommel horse. )t is also used to describe the first element in a gymnastics routine.

+usic- sed in womens gymnastics floor exercises when the routine performed is done to a specific piece ofmusic. +ymnasts spend many hours developing a routine that is suitable to the music as well as choosing a piece ofmusic that will best fit the gymnast and her routine.

ail- 'see stick( 8efers to a perfect dismount from an apparatus or a tumbling pass where the feet make nomovement once they touch the ground. eedle scale- An arabes!ue performed on the floor and balance beam where the body is lowered while the handsare touching the toes# floor or balance beam. =ne leg remains planted on the floor or balance beam while the otherleg is elevated up to the ceiling.

kino- A balance beam skill where the gymnast performs a triple pirouette 'turn(. )t is named after etty =kino. lympic order- The competition order for international competition# decided by F)+. The order for women& vault#uneven bars# balance beam and floor. The order for men& floor exercise# pommel horse# still rings# vault# parallel barsand hori*ontal bar. The order for rhythmic gymnastics& rope# hoop# ball# clubs# and ribbon. ptionals- A category of gymnastics competition where the gymnasts and coaches create their own routines withindividual skills and the re!uired elements that are determined by the )nternational Federation of +ymnastics 'F)+(.=ptional gymnasts are ranked higher than compulsory gymnasts. vergrip- The grip of the hands on the bar where the gymnasts hands are on the bar and the palms of the handare facing down with the fingers facing away from the gymnasts body. vershoot - A release move from the high bar to the low bar. The gymnast starts on the high bar# swings up andover the low bar# does a half twist and catches the low bar.

. .arallel bars- =ne of the events that men perform in artistic gymnastics. )t consists of two bars that are the sameheight ',0;centimeters( and length '@;/cm( and about ;Bcm apart from one another. )t is also referred to as p-bars. .as- A dance and gymnastic term that means to step. .ass- A ballet position where one leg is firm on the ground and the other leg is raised so the thigh is hori*ontal#the knee is bent and the toes touch the inner part of the standing legs knee. .-bars- 6ickname for the parallel bars. .eel- An involuntary release of the bar that generally results in a fall to the ground. This can happen on theuneven bars# p-bars or high bar. .ike position- 2hen the body is bent forward at the hips with the legs straight. .ipe- A term used to refer to the mens high bar.

.irouettes- A ballet term that refers to the skill of turning the body on a longitudinal axis. )t is either performed withone leg on the floor or while the body is in a handstand on the floor# balance beam or bars. The turns are generallymeasured by degrees of half turns. .it- A training tool that consists of large pieces of soft foam that are used to cushion a landing. )t is used for almostevery apparatus except the pommel horse. .ivot- A dance term that refers to a turn on the ball of the foot. .li- A dance movement that is defined by the bending of the legs. The legs can either be bent deeply 'grande( orslightly 'demi(. 1ost ballet techni!ues start with or end with a pliC. .oint- 8efers to a gymnasts toes that are stretched from the ankle to the toes# creating a straight line with thefloor. A toe point is a very important element in gymnasticsG%udges expect to see pointed toes in almost all gymnasticmovements.
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.ommel horse- The apparatus used by men that is similar to a vaulting horse# but has two sets of handles orpommels on either side of the horse ':; centimeters apart(. )t is generally ,,;cm high# @;cm wide and ,/cm long. Apommel horse routine is performed by using circular body movements around the horse and ad%usting the hands onand off the pommels.

.uck- A slang term that describes a gymnastics position that is in between a tuck and a pike position. )t is not aposition that is allowed in competition. .unch- A term that refers to bouncing off the floor# vault springboard# or balance beam instead of %umping. The

legs are generally together and the reflexes are !uick and strong. A common example is the punch front on the flooror balance beam& A forward somersault in the air that starts and ends with two feet.

/ /uad twist- A single somersault in the layout position with four twists. /uadriffs- Any !uadruple somersault with a twist.

0 0ail- A hori*ontal bar that on which gymnasts compete. This includes the parallel bars# uneven parallel bars and

the hori*ontal or high bar. 0elease- A term that refers to the body leaving the bar. The body leaves the bar to perform an execution and thenre-grasps the bar at the end of the execution. A release can performed on the uneven parallel bars# high bar orparallel bars. 0elev- A ballet term used to describe the body rising onto the balls of the feet. 0hythmic gymnastics- =fficially called 8hythmic / degree split(while the other leg stays firm to the ground. 1cissors- A re!uirement for pommel horse competition. The legs make a back and forth and side to side motionover the apparatus. )t can also be performed on the floor. 1equence- A combination of two or more skills performed one after the other. 1plit- A stretching position of the legs. =ne leg is stretched in front of the body and one leg is stretched behind thebody. 5one correctly# the legs are parallel to the floor and straight without any bend to the knees. )t can be performedin a %ump# on the floor# or in a handstand and in a front to back position of straddle. 1potting- The physical assistance of a gymnast while performing a new or dangerous skill. )t helps to ensure that

the gymnast will complete the skill safely. 1potting belt- A training tool that a gymnast will use to learn a new skill. )t consists of a belt that a gymnast wearsaround his7her waist that is attached to ropes and a pulley system which is operated by an experienced coach. )tenables a gymnast to safely learn new skills as well as perfect skills already ac!uired and is usually attached to atrampoline. 1tart value- A value placed on a gymnastics routine based on the degree of difficulty. 1tep out- 8efers to landing on one leg followed by the other leg when completing a tumbling maneuver$ asopposed to landing with two feet. 1tick-


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1till rings- The apparatus and event in mens artistic gymnastics. )t consists of a tower that is ;; centimetershigh with two wooden7fiberglass rings attached to a cable that is @//cm long and ;/cm apart. The goal of a still ringsroutine is to keep the rings as still as possible while executing swinging maneuvers and strength poses. 1traddle- A position of the legs where one leg is extended to the left side of the body and the other leg isextended to the right side. The legs are straight without a bend to the knees. This position is executed in %umps#handstands# on the floor# on the bars# and on the balance beam. 1traight position- A body position that has no bend in the legs or the body. Also called layout position.

2 2ap- A term referring to the kick needed to initiate the speed of a circling motion on the high and uneven bars. 2imer- A drill that simulates a gymnastic element without the risk of completing the maneuver to help prepare for amore complicated element. For example# a timer for a double back is a back one-and-three-!uarters to the backlanding on a stack of mats. 2ondue- A beginning level ballet position# extending a leg forward with toe pointed# while standing firmly on theother leg. 2our %et - A half-turn# split leg leap# where the gymnast takes off from one leg and lands on the other leg. 2uck- A body position where the knees are bent and drawn up to the chest and the body is folded at the waist. 2umbling pass- A series of connected tumbling elements in a routine on the floor exercise. 2urnout- 8efers to the rotation of the hips# legs and feet in an outward direction away from the body.

2wist- A rotation around the bodys longitudinal axis. 2'ukahara- A men and womens vault element where the gymnasts performs a !uarter or half onto the vault and aback salto off. )t is named after the Hapanese gymnast# 1itsuo T*ukahara.

3 3ndergrip - The type of hand grip used on the bars where the body is hanging below the bar and the fingers of thehand are facing the gymnast. Also called a reverse grip. 3nderswing- A release move from the high bar to the low bar. The gymnast swings from the high bar# up and overthe low bar# does half twist and grabs the low bar. Also called a shoot over or overshoot. 3neven bars- A womens apparatus and event that consists of two fiberglass bars& A low bar that is ,:>centimeters high and a high bar that is BB>cm high# set apart at a maximum of ,;/cm. A routine consists of release

moves# swinging maneuvers from one bar to the other# circling skills and pirouettes. 31A $ymnastics- The governing body of gymnastics in the nited


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5hip back- A back handspring without hands.

6 6urchenko- A vault maneuver that starts with a round-off onto the springboard# a back handspring onto the vault

and some type of back somersaulting motion ff the vault. The somersault off the vault will often be a twistingsomersault. 6amed after


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Front Pike Somersault:A foward somersault in which the knees are kept straight.

Front or Foward Somersault:A forward body roll on the floor or beam, with knees

in the tucked position. (The aerial version of this is called a salto.)

Front Split:A split in which one leg is forward, one back forming a straight line.

Front Walkover:A move made from a front split handstand position, bringing one

foot, then the other, down toward the back. imilar to a front handspring but using

smoother, more controlled movements, and with the arms and legs moving one at a

time rather than in pairs.

FullTwisting Double Back:A double back with a full twist on either the first (full-

in) or second (full-out) flip.

!iant Swing:A move in which the gymnast swings all the way around the high bar

with a completely outstretched body.

!ienger:A bar release move in which the gymnast does a flyaway with a one-half

twist and regrasps the bar. $nvented by %berhard &ienger (&ermany).

Handstand:A move performed by supporting the body on both hands, with the arms

straight and the body verticle.

Hip "ircle:A move made by circling either bar of the uneven paralled bars with the

hips touching the bar. $f the hips do not touch the bar, the move is called a clear hipcircle.

#ayout:%xtension of the body to its full length, usually during and aerial move.

$iller:A beam maneuver in which the gymnast does a back dive with a 'uarter twist

to a handstand followed by a half pirouette. $nvented by hannon iller (#A).

Pak Salto:A move in which the gymnast releases the high bar, flips backward, and

catches the low bar. $nvented by &yong il ak (*orth +orea).

Pike:A position in which the legs are straight and together with a bend at the waist.

%oundo&&:imilar to a cartwheel, but with a half-twist, and the legs standing together

in a pair. The gymnast ends facing the direction she stared from.

%udi:A one-and-a-half-twisting front flip.


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Salto:A somersault.

S'apos'nikova:A free hip circle after which the gymnast lets go of the low bar and

grabs the high bar. $nvented by *atalia haposhnikova (#).

SomiAndAHal&:Another way of saying one and a half somersault.

Sticking:efers to a dismount or final move that is performed without taking any

additional steps.

Straddle:A position in which the gymnasts legs are far apart at either side.

Straddle Split:A split with legs out at either side.

Straddle Swing:A swing movement on the uneven parallel bars in which the legs are

extended at each side.

Swedis' Fall:A move in whic a gymnast does a free-fall drop straight onto the

ground, with the hands shooting out at the last second.

Tkatc'ev (or reverse 'ec't):A bar release move in which the gymnast swings

around the bar, lets go ust before reaching a handstand, straddles or pikes his or her

legs while flying over the bar, then leans forward to regrasp the bar. $nvented by

Alexander Tkachev (#).

Tsuka'ara:A vault in which the gymnast does a half turn onto the vault followed by

a back flip. $nvented by itsuo Tsukahara (/apan).

Tuck:A position in which both knees are bent and brought up to the chest to form a

ball with the body.

W'ip Back:A back handspring without the hands touching the floor.

*urc'enko:A vault in which a roundoff is done onto the springboard followed by a

backhandspring onto the vault and a back flip. $nvented by *atalia 0urchenko

(#).

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A Gymnastic Termss