FLOOD

S

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land . The European Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water.

Heavy rain & there comes flood,Flood is a river with no water but blood.In this situation there is no toss,But only loss, loss, loss.Beautiful biodiversity & construction,All become victims of destruction.There is a collapse of property & lives,Only the best one survives….

Areal…Floods often happen over flat or low-lying areas when the ground is saturated and water either cannot run off quickly enough to stop accumulating. This may be later followed by a river flood as water moves away from the areal floodplain into local rivers and streams.Floods can occur if water accumulates across an impermeable surface and cannot rapidly dissipateA series of storms moving over the same area can cause areal flash flooding.

Estuaries

Commonly caused by a combination of sea tidal surges caused by storm-force winds and high river stages due to heavy rain.

Coastal Caused by severe sea storms, or as a result of another hazard (e.g. tsunami or hurricane). A storm surge, from either a tropical cyclone or an extra tropical cyclone, falls within this category.

CatastrophicCaused by a significant and unexpected event e.g. dam breakage, or as a result of another hazard (e.g. earthquake or volcanic eruption). See outburst flood.Human-induced Accidental damage by workmen to tunnels or pipes.

Floods can also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers. While flood damage can be virtually eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water. That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding.

NATURAL

CAUSES OF

FLOODS

Heavy Rainfall

Relief

Coastal Flooding

SNOWMELT

HUMAN CAUSES OF

FLOODS

Deforestation

Poor Farming

Poor Water Management

Population Pressure

E F FF O LE F OC OT DS

Floods make an enormous impact on the environment and society. Floods destroy drainage systems in cities, causing raw sewage to spill out into bodies of water. Also, in cases of severe floods, buildings can be significantly damaged and even destroyed. This can lead to catastrophic effects on the environment as many toxic materials such as paint, pesticide and gasoline can be released into the rivers, lakes, bays, and ocean, killing maritime life. Floods may also cause millions of dollars worth of damage to a city, both evicting people from their homes and ruining businesses. Floods cause significant amounts of erosion to coasts, leading to more frequent flooding if not repaired.

Primary effectsPhysical damage – damage to structures, including bridges, buildings, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.

Secondary effectsWater supplies – Contamination of water. Clean drinking water will become scarce.Diseases – Unhygienic conditions. Spread of water-borne diseases.Trees – Non-tolerant species can die from suffocation.Transport – Transport links destroyed, so hard to get emergency aid to those who need it.

PRECAUTIONS…

BEFORE……..

Learn to recognize environmental clues such as heavy rains,topography and flood history of the region.Know your elevation above flood stage and the historyregarding flooding of your location.Learn first aid and CPR at your local Red Cross chapter orcommunity organization.Keep on hand a battery-operated flashlight and radio.Learn evacuation routes.Keep vehicle fueled since power failure may render servicestations inoperable

DURING…….

Avoid areas subject to sudden flooding.Do not attempt to cross a stream where water is above yourknees. When in doubt, don't try it.Do not try to drive over a flooded road. The water can be muchdeeper than it appears and you could be stranded or trapped.Do not try to drive around police barricades.Stay away from drains and ditche

AFTER…….. Do not eat fresh food that has come in contact with flood waters.Boil drinking water before using.Report broken gas, electrical and water lines immediately.Do not handle electrical equipment in wet areas.Do not sightsee. Your presence could impede relief efforts aswell as endanger yourself.Cooperate with local officials. Respond to requests forassistance from local police, firefighters and relief workers.Community participation is critical to effective disaster relief

Villages have been destroyed and a half a million people are stranded as flood conditions worsen in Indian state of Bihar.

Massive flooding in the Indian state of Bihar has stranded approximately 500, 000 people whose villages have been devastated by the flood waters.

The flood waters are reaching previously unaffected areas as the conditions in relief camps are overcrowded and unsanitary.

At least 75 people in Bihar have been killed by the flooding but the death toll could climb once the situation in remote areas emerges.

FLOOD IN INDIA (BIHAR)…

IN INDIA……..Tens of thousands of people have also been displaced in neighboring Nepal and some of those who have lost their homes are camping under plastic sheets. Trucks and vans are unable to unload the relief material and stand parked on the highway as volunteers waited to be organized. Aid has arrived but the volunteers were not quite sure how to distribute it.

Clean-up safety…

Clean-up activities following floods often pose hazards to workers and volunteers involved in the effort. Potential dangers include: water polluted by mixing with and causing overflows from sanitary sewers, electrical hazards, carbon monoxide exposure, musculoskeletal hazards, heat or cold stress,. Because flooded disaster sites are unstable, clean-up workers might encounter sharp jagged debris, biological hazards in the flood water, exposed electrical lines, blood or other body fluids, and animal and human remains.