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Political Science Study GuideExam #2Chapters 6-
Multiple ChoiceChapter 6
1. Each state has __________ senators, each of whom serves a __________-year term.
a. two; twob. two; fourc. two; sixd. four; two
Page Reference: 159
2. __________ is the process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population.
a. Apportionmentb. Appropriationsc. Gerrymanderingd. Redistricting
Page Reference: 159
3. The Constitutional Convention resulted in what form of legislature.
a. bicameralb. directc. unicamerald. unified
Page Reference: 158
4. In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority to the Speaker of the House?
a. majority leaderb. majority whipc. minority leaderd. president pro tempore (or pro tem)
Page Reference: 167
5. Congress is __________ than the general population.
a. less partisanb. less well paidc. happierd. wealthier
Page Reference: 162
6. A(n) __________ committee is created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate.
a. conference b. appropriationsc. ways and meansd. standing
Page Reference: 172
7. Pork may aid the district of a member of Congress by __________.
a. diverting unallocated funds to the service sectorb. increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projectsc. increasing revenue through private market investmentd. taxing corporations less so they provide health insurance for employees
Page Reference: 179
8. An elected official who votes the way his or her constituents would want is a __________.
a. conscientious objectorb. delegate c. trustee d. politico
Page Reference: 182
9. Whips serve what main function?
a. to act as official spokespersons for their chambersb. to help the Speaker schedule proposed legislation for debatec. to meet with members of the executive cabinetd. to persuade party members to support the party
Page Reference: 169
10. The formal method for ending a filibuster is __________; it requires the approval of __________ senators.
a. abrogation; fifty-oneb. censure; fifty-five c. cloture; sixtyd. discharge; sixty-seven
Page Reference: 177
11. During an election, an incumbent representative might point to local allocations of a federal highway bill as a reason to be reelected. This is an example of __________.
a. credit claimingb. gerrymanderingc. frankingd. casework
Page Reference: 165
12. Which of the following contributes to the incumbency advantage?
a. the desire to “throw the bums out”b. surge and declinec. property taxesd. name recognition
Page Reference: 163
13. How might a bill become law if it has been pocket vetoed?
a. Congress may override the pocket veto with a three-fourths vote in each chamber.b. Congress may override the pocket veto with a two-thirds vote in each chamber.c. The bill can be reintroduced during the next session of Congress.d. The bill can never become law.
Page Reference: 178
14. Members of the House are apportioned to states based on __________. They serve __________-year terms.
a. equal representation by state; four b. equal representation by state; sixc. population; two d. population; four
Page Reference: 159
15. What does the Congressional Research Service do?
a. audits the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies b. conducts research and provides information to Congress c. supervises all government-sponsored research projects that use human subjectsd. ensures that the Library of Congress has up-to-date research materials
Page Reference: 185
16. Why were Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton impeached but not removed from office?
a. The House officially charged them with wrongdoing, but a Senate trial failed to convict them.b. The Senate officially charged them with wrongdoing, but a House trial failed to convict them.c. The Senate officially charged them with wrongdoing, but a Supreme Court trial failed to convict them. d. Neither chamber of Congress secured enough votes for a trial.
Page Reference: 181
17. Why are there currently 435 members in the House of Representatives?
a. The Constitution requires a specific ratio of representatives to constituents.b. The Constitution stipulates exactly 435 members.c. The number has grown each decade, according to census data.d. The number is fixed by statute.
Page Reference: 159
18. What occurs during the appropriations process?
a. Congress grants funds to federal agencies and programs.b. Congress creates new federal agencies.c. Congress acquires requested oversight material from the executive.d. Congress instructs the president to eliminate federal agencies.
Page Reference: 179
19. A rise in party unity is indicative of __________
a. cooperation across party linesb. cooperation between Congress and the executive branchc. high bipartisanship d. low bipartisanship
Page Reference: 182
20. The __________ is where members of Congress affiliated with a given party gather to select their leadership at the beginning of each term.
a. conference committeeb. electoral collegec. leadership conferenced. party caucus
Page Reference: 166
21. A __________ committee is a temporary committee that is appointed for a specific purpose.
a. ways and meansb. caucusc. selectd. standing
Page Reference: 172
22. How have Americans rated members of Congress in recent years?
a. quite highb. somewhat highc. mediocre d. dismally low
Page Reference: 186
23. The vice president of the United States is the ceremonial leader of the Senate, but he or she has little real leadership responsibilities. The true leader of the Senate is the __________.
a. majority leaderb. president pro temporec. president of the Senated. Speaker
Page Reference: 171
24. Incumbents are most likely to lose their bid for reelection when they are impacted by which of the following events?
a. budget deficitsb. low presidential approval ratingsc. redistrictingd. logrolling
Page Reference: 163
25. The president pro tempore __________.
a. has the power to nullify legislation with a pocket vetob. has the power to select the majority leaderc. is an honorific office awarded to the senior senator of the majority
partyd. is required to preside over the Senate whenever it is in session
Page Reference: 171
26. The __________ presides over the House of Representatives in a way that smooths the passage of majority-backed bills.
a. majority leaderb. majority whipc. president pro tempored. Speaker
Page Reference: 167
27. According to the trustee model of representation, legislators are entrusted to __________.
a. follow a strict interpretation of the Constitutionb. present the views of their partyc. use their judgment when making decisionsd. make decisions according to their constituents’ demands
Page Reference: 182
28. What is the purpose of a discharge petition?
a. to force a vote on a House bill that is otherwise stuck in committeeb. to force a vote on a Senate bill that is being delayed by a filibusterc. to force a vote on a House or Senate bill that is favored by a minorityd. to force Congress to remain in session until the calendar has been fully discharged
Page Reference: 173
29. Which statement best characterizes a subcommittee hearing?
a. A bill receives a subcommittee hearing whenever the vice president requests it.b. A bill receives a subcommittee hearing only after it is extensively marked up by the full committee.c. A bill receives a subcommittee hearing after it has been pocket
vetoed, but before it goes to the floor.d. Those opposed and those in favor of a bill can voice their opinions on it to the subcommittee.
Page Reference: 176
30. After a bill is reported by a full committee, it goes to __________.
a. a conference committee composed of members from the original House and Senate committeesb. the House Committee on Rules or the Senate floorc. a subcommitteed. the House or Senate floor
Page Reference: 176
31. When is the staff of a member of Congress most likely to have an influence over how he or she votes on a given bill?
a. when the bill is expensiveb. when the bill is important to his or her constituentsc. when the bill is highly partisand. when the bill is nonideological
Page Reference: 185
32. What procedure limits debate of budget controversies to twenty hours, thereby ending the threat of a filibuster in the Senate?
a. caucusb. cloturec. programmatic requestsd. reconciliation
Page Reference: 179
33. Which is an example of logrolling in Congress?
a. awarding a government contract to a campaign supporterb. introducing and sponsoring a billc. supporting someone else’s bill in exchange for future support of your billd. health care reform
Page Reference: 184
34. What is the typical trajectory of a bill in the House of Representatives?
a. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, full House vote, Committee on Rules, conference committee, send to presidentb. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, Committee on Rules, full House vote, conference committee, full House vote, send to presidentc. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, Committee on Rules, full committee report, conference committee, full House vote, send to presidentd. introduction, committee referral, Committee on Rules, subcommittee, full committee report, full House vote, conference committee, send to president
Page Reference: 176
35. __________ is a good example of congressional casework.
a. Analysis of an incumbent’s policy positions prior to a debateb. Analysis of water quality within a districtc. Helping a constituent navigate red taped. Assisting a federal agency operating within a member’s district
Page Reference: 165
36. What is the typical trajectory of a bill in the Senate?
a. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, full Senate debate and vote, conference committee, full Senate vote, send to presidentb. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, Committee on Rules, full committee report, conference committee, full Senate vote, send to presidentc. introduction, committee referral, Committee on Rules, subcommittee, full committee report, full Senate vote, conference committee, send to president
d. introduction, subcommittee, committee referral, full committee report, Committee on Rules, full Senate vote, conference committee, send to president
Page Reference: 176
37. A __________ is one tactic to signal the leadership that a senator may have objections to a bill.
a. clotureb. holdc. markupd. pocket veto
Page Reference: 177
38. The House minority leader __________.
a. selects the president pro temporeb. decides jointly with the majority leader which legislation goes to the floorc. is elected by the minority partyd. is selected by the Speaker of the House
Page Reference: 169
39. Which individual keeps close contact with all members of his or her party, counts votes for key legislation, prepares summaries of bills, and acts as a communications link within the party?
a. majority leaderb. minority leaderc. whipd. president pro tempore
Page Reference: 169
40. Which statement about incumbency is most accurate?
a. Incumbents have a huge reelection advantage.b. Incumbents have a small reelection advantage.c. Incumbents only leave office when pressured by party leadership.d. Incumbents only leave office when they are involved in a scandal.
Page Reference: 163, 165
41. What does the Government Accountability Office do?
a. audits the financial expenditures of the legislative branchb. audits the financial expenditures of state governmentsc. audits the financial expenditures of the executive branchd. monitors potential congressional ethics violations
Page Reference: 185
42. In the event of a major scandal, which kind of committee would be convened to conduct a special investigation?
a. a conference committeeb. a subcommitteec. a joint committeed. a standing committee
Page Reference: 172
43. Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting according to a delegate view of representation?
a. A legislator may follow his or her conscience unless public opinion is clear.b. A legislator does whatever is best for his or her reelection.c. A legislator follows the public opinion of his or her constituency.d. A legislator heeds public opinion in every case, except in matters of personal conscience.
Page Reference: 182
44. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Congress and the judiciary?
a. The Supreme Court typically overturns more than 100 congressional statutes each year.b. The Supreme Court has been overturning more acts of Congress in recent years than it has in the past.c. Congress reviews the constitutionality of Supreme Court decisions.
d. Congress typically has the Supreme Court review bills to determine their constitutionality before they are debated on the floor.
Page Reference: 186
45. What occurs at a congressional party conference?
a. Democrats take questions from the press.b. Democrats review bills passed at the end of a session of Congress.c. Republicans and Democrats meet to build rapport and plan bills.d. Republicans discuss party strategy.
Page Reference: 166
46. __________ is the practice whereby the president gives deference to senators from the home state where a judicial vacancy occurs.
a. Appointee preeminenceb. Committee referralc. Congressional reviewd. Senatorial courtesy
Page Reference: 181
47. How are committee chairs selected in the House?
a. They are selected by party leaders.b. They are elected by the House.c. They are determined according to seniority on the committee.d. They are determined according to seniority within the party.
Page Reference
48. In response to Nixon’s refusal to spend money for social programs despite Congress’s authorization to do so, Congress __________.
a. opened an inquiry into presidential malfeasanceb. passed the Congressional Budget Act of 1974c. passed the War Powers Resolution in 1973d. impeached Nixon
Page Reference: 173
Chapter 7:
49. Which of the following is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate?
a. making treatiesb. declaring warc. granting pardonsd. receiving foreign ambassadors
Page Reference: 198
50. Which institutional resource is closest and most loyal to the president?
a. Executive Office of the Presidentb. White House staffc. armed forcesd. National Security Council
Page Reference: 209
3. Which of the following citizens would be ineligible to become president?
a. a natural-born citizenb. someone who is thirty-seven years oldc. someone who has lived in the United States for twenty yearsd. someone who has already been elected president twice
Page Reference: 193
4. What is executive privilege?
a. the ability of the president to refuse to spend money appropriated by Congressb. the ability of the president to veto programmatic requests in a billc. the power of the president to declare war or initiate a police actiond. the implied power of the president to keep communications confidential
Page Reference: 195
5. Who breaks a tie in the Senate?
a. president of the United Statesb. vice president of the United States c. Speaker of the Housed. Senate majority leader
Page Reference: 195
6. Historically, vice presidential candidates have been chosen to __________.
a. help set the president’s agendab. mentor the presidentc. balance the presidential ticketd. ensure that the president’s party will have a good chance of winning the next presidential election
Page Reference: 206
7. What does the Twenty-Second Amendment do?
a. requires that presidents be natural-born citizensb. limits the president’s terms of office c. requires the president to be a resident of the United States d. requires the president to be at least thirty-five years old
Page Reference: 195
8. Which first lady acted as a surrogate for her partially paralyzed husband?
a. Abigail Adamsb. Edith Bolling Galt Wilsonc. Eleanor Rooseveltd. Nancy Davis Reagan
Page Reference: 207
9. Which presidential power is checked by required approval of the Senate with a two-thirds vote?
a. extending diplomatic recognition to foreign governmentsb. terminating relations with other nationsc. negotiating treaties with other nationsd. negotiating executive agreements with foreign heads of state
Page Reference: 198
10. Congress can remove a president through __________.
a. vetob. executive privilegec. a House impeachment vote d. a Senate impeachment trial
Page Reference: 195
11. Whom did the Framers expect to be the first president of the United States?
a. Benjamin Franklinb. George Washingtonc. John Adamsd. Thomas Jefferson
Page Reference: 193
12. What has to happen in Congress in order for the president to be impeached and removed from office?
a. The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Supreme Court must convict with a two-thirds vote. b. The Senate must impeach the president by a simple majority; the House must convict with a two-thirds vote.c. The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate must convict with a two-thirds majority.d. The Supreme Court must impeach the president with a simple majority; the chief justice presides over a Senate trial that must convict with a two-thirds majority.
Page Reference: 195
13. Who is the first modern president by virtue of taking on a major role in the decision-making process?
a. Franklin D. Rooseveltb. Herbert Hoover
c. Ronald Reagand. Woodrow Wilson
Page Reference: 205
14. What position did John Adams describe as being “the most insignificant office that was the invention of man…or his imagination conceived”?
a. presidentb. vice presidentc. secretary of stated. Speaker of the House
Page Reference: 206
15. In what sense is the veto a “qualified negative” power?
a. The veto has a negative effect on the ability of Congress to conduct its business as qualified by the Constitution.b. Congress can negate the president’s legislative agenda by refusing to qualify his or her proposals as ripe for consideration, something that is akin to a legislative veto.c. The president can veto negative or harmful legislation before it qualifies for review by the Supreme Court.d. The president can negate legislation passed by Congress, but this power is qualified by Congress’s ability to override the president’s veto.
Page Reference: 200
16. Presidents often use __________ to sidestep the constitutional “advice and consent” of the Senate that is required for formal ratification of treaties.
a. pocket vetoesb. executive privilegec. executive agreementsd. signing statements
Page Reference: 198
17. Which best describes a president’s constitutional duty to Congress?
a. The president must give Congress an occasional update on the state of the union.b. The president must have at least one Cabinet member of the opposing party.c. The president must maintain party support in Congress.d. The president must inform Congress of the reasoning behind a veto.
Page Reference: 197
18. Which of the following did the president justify by claiming that he was exercising an inherent presidential power, despite the fact that it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution?
a. the Louisiana Purchaseb. the State of the Union Addressc. the Wars Powers Resolutiond. declarations of war against Germany and Japan during World War II
Page Reference: 204
19. Which examines the cost implications of a proposed bill?
a. secretary of the treasuryb. Office of Management and Budgetc. secretary of commerced. chief of staff
Page Reference: 215
20. What did Benjamin Franklin think had to be included in the Constitution?
a. a resolution to limit the president’s power to send troops into battleb. a process for dealing with a vacancy in the office of the presidentc. a process for impeaching and removing the president
d. a process for the people to directly elect the president
Page Reference: 195
21. Which presidential power gives the president the ability to shape policy by helping to determine who executes laws passed by Congress?
a. appointmentb. vetoc. pardond. impeachment
Page Reference: 197
22. What strategy was on display when President Obama visited several college campuses urging students to pressure lawmakers not to increase interest rates on student loans?
a. twisting arms b. executive privilegec. going publicd. rally-round-the-flag
Page Reference: 212
23. Presidents with high levels of __________ are more powerful leaders.
a. public approvalb. executive privilegec. debts and deficitsd. campaign spending
Page Reference: 212
24. Which of the following is a presidential advisory group whose members are confirmed by the Senate and that helps the president make decisions and execute laws?
a. the White House staffb. the presidential libraryc. the chiefs of staffd. the Cabinet
Page Reference: 206
25. Under President Obama, there are about 500 members of the __________ who serve as close, personal advisers to the president and are not subject to Senate confirmation.
a. White House staffb. Executive Office of the Presidentc. Cabinetd. Council of Presidential Advisors
Page Reference: 210
26. What is the role of the National Security Council?
a. to advise the president on military affairs and foreign policyb. to keep the president and first family securec. to administer the armed forcesd. to provide the president with national security policy advice from the opposing party’s perspective
Page Reference: 208
27. Who established the precedent that the president would play a prominent role in foreign affairs?
a. George Washington b. Andrew Jacksonc. Thomas Jefferson d. Abraham Lincoln
Page Reference: 203
28. How did Lincoln defend his decision to order a blockade of southern ports without the approval of Congress?
a. He claimed to have received approval from the Supreme Court.b. He claimed that the Constitution explicitly conferred upon him the power to do whatever he thought best in any situation.c. He claimed that his actions were consistent with his power to veto congressional actions or inactions.d. He claimed that the inherent powers of his office allowed him to circumvent the Constitution in a time of war or national crisis.
Page Reference: 205
29. In which way do modern presidents differ from the original intentions of the Framers of the Constitution?
a. Modern presidents are considerably less democratic than the Framers originally intended.b. Modern presidents have considerably less power as leaders of their political parties than the Framers originally intended.c. Modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the Framers originally intended.d. Modern presidents are more subservient to the will of Congress than the Framers originally intended.
Page Reference: 213, 215 – 216
30. How is a vice presidential vacancy filled?
a. The Cabinet nominates a new vice president who must then be approved by Congress.b. The president appoints a new vice president who assumes office immediately.c. The president appoints a new vice president who must then be approved by Congress.d. The Senate appoints a new vice president who must then be approved by the president.
Page Reference: 196
31. Which of the following leadership abilities is the most critical to presidential success?
a. the ability to be subservient b. the willingness to be patientc. the power to persuade d. the ability to make mistakes gracefully
Page Reference: 210
32. Which statement accurately describes Barack Obama’s veto history?
a. Obama has issued very few vetoes and has not had any vetoes overridden.b. Obama has issued very few vetoes, but all of them have been overridden.c. When compared with other presidents, Obama is close to the fiftieth
percentile in terms of presidential vetoes and veto overrides.d. Obama has issued more vetoes than most other presidents and several of them have been overridden.
Page Reference: 201
33. Why did Mitt Romney choose Rep. Paul Ryan as his vice presidential running mate in 2012?
a. Ryan was more appealing to older voters.b. Ryan balanced Romney’s lack of business experience.c. Ryan was more appealing to social conservatives.d. Ryan was more appealing to urban working mothers.
Page Reference: 206
34. What distinguishes the modern presidency from the institution originally envisioned by the Framers of the Constitution?
a. The modern presidency is much more powerful than the Framers intended.b. The modern presidency is less involved in the development of foreign policy than the Framers intended.c. Modern presidents exhibit a greater level of deference to Congress in budgetary matters than the Framers intended.d. Modern presidents are more cautious in advocating for their legislative agendas than the Framers intended.
Page Reference: 216
35. Which word best describes the constitutional provisions relating to the powers of the president?
a. exactb. staticc. deferentiald. vague
Page Reference: 197
36. What was the turning point that gave rise to the modern presidency?
a. the social strife arising from the civil rights movementb. the economic and social turmoil of the Great Depressionc. the demands of managing a modern army during World War Id. the rapid contraction of government following the conclusion of World War II
Page Reference: 205
37. Which of the following accurately describes George Washington’s presidency?
a. His ambitions greatly expanded the power of the presidency to influence domestic policies.b. He took every opportunity to establish the primacy of the national government.c. He established the precedent that the president would take the lead over Congress in influencing the national agenda.d. His actions firmly established the president as the chief driver of the economy.
Page Reference: 203
38. What distinguishes modern presidents from early presidents?
a. Modern presidents are much more liberal than early presidents.b. Modern presidents are much less active in the formulation of policy than early presidents.c. Modern presidents must make do with many fewer staffers than did early presidents.d. Modern presidents are much less likely to engage in international conflicts than early presidents.
Page Reference: 205
39. Which of the following is one way in which the White House staff differs from the president’s Cabinet?
a. The White House staff is not subject to Senate confirmation.b. The Cabinet is more loyal to the president than is the White House staff.c. The Cabinet works more closely with the president than does the White House staff.d. The White House staff must perform their job duties in accordance with congressional legislation, while the Cabinet has no such restraints.
Page Reference: 206, 208 – 210
40. Which of the following statements provides the best characterization of the members of the White House staff?
a. The White House staff is a loose collection of bureaucrats who are loyal to executive agencies.b. The White House staff is composed of individuals personally and politically close to the president chosen specifically to serve the president’s needs.c. The White House staff is composed of policy specialists who have little personal loyalty to the president.d. The White House staff is the link between executive agencies in the bureaucracy and Congress.
Page Reference: 208 – 210
41. The Twenty-Fifth Amendment was enacted in order to clear up uncertainties over the constitutional provisions surrounding __________.
a. presidential powers to conduct warb. presidential and vice presidential successionc. the president’s powers to negotiate treatiesd. the Electoral College
Page Reference: 196
42. Which of the following are least common?
a. vetoes issues by Republican presidentsb. vetoes issued by Democratic presidentsc. pocket vetoesd. veto overrides
Page Reference: 198, 200
43. Why did Congress enact the War Powers Resolution?
a. to expand the powers of the president in the conduct of warb. to make Congress the sole actor in the conduct of war c. to limit the powers of the president in the conduct of ward. to empower the president to act unilaterally when American troops are in harm’s way
Page Reference: 200
44. What might a president do to indicate his or her belief that a portion of the legislation just signed into law is unconstitutional and that he or she intends to disregard it or implement it in some way other than Congress intends?
a. “go public” with the allegationb. claim executive privilegec. issue a signing statementd. make an executive agreement
Page Reference: 216
The __________ consists of the departments, agencies, and offices within the executive branch that perform the functions of government.
a. administrationb. bureaucracyc. cabinetd. civil service
Page Reference: 2222. Max Weber identified which of the following as a characteristic of an
ideal bureaucracy?a. inefficiencyb. transparencyc. consensus-makingd. task specializationPage Reference: 234
3. The civil service system was introduced with the passage of what law?a. the Hatch Act
b. the Pendleton Actc. the Administrative Procedures Actd. the Freedom of Information Act
Page Reference: 223
4. Under the spoils system, who was awarded jobs in the federal bureaucracy?a. those who scored highest on aptitude testsb. those who did not affiliate with a political partyc. those who previously served in the militaryd. those who helped candidates win election
Page Reference: 223
5. __________ are rules created by government agencies that determine how laws are implemented.a. Lawsb. Patronagec. Regulationsd. Statutes
Page Reference: 2376. Which law designates the steps that federal agencies must follow in
issuing rules and regulations?a. the Administrative Procedures Actb. the Hatch Actc. the Pendleton Actd. the Privacy Act
Page Reference: 2377. __________ refers to the authority of administrators in the federal
bureaucracy to make choices concerning the best way to implement policies.a. Administrative adjudicationb. Administrative discretionc. Division of labord. Executive control
Page Reference: 2378. The __________ was one of the three original executive branch
departments in the U.S. government.
a. Department of Agricultureb. Department of the Treasury
c. Department of the Interiord. Commerce Department
Page Reference: 2229. Federal law requires that agencies must take what step before issuing
new rules and regulations?a. They must obtain approval from the president.b. They must obtain approval from Congress.c. They must consult with an administrative law judge.d. They must solicit public comments.
Page Reference: 23710. Cabinet secretaries are nominated by __________ and confirmed by
__________.
a. the president; the Senateb. the president; the House of Representativesc. the president; the Supreme Courtd. the Senate; the president
Page Reference: 22711. What is implementation?
a. the process by which a law or policy is put into operationb. a set of procedures executive branch agencies must follow when issuing rulesc. the process by which government agencies settle legal disputesd. a set of rules enforcing government agreements with private contractors
Page Reference: 23412. Under amendments to the Hatch Act, federal employees are
prohibited from __________.a. adjudicating legal disputesb. exercising administrative discretionc. running for partisan officed. running voter registration drives
Page Reference: 23413. The president has the authority to __________.
a. abolish existing programs and agenciesb. investigate agency activities and compel bureaucrats to testify about themc. make changes in an agency’s annual budget proposalsd. refuse to appropriate funds for certain programs
Page Reference: 239
14. __________ are working groups established to facilitate the coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of government agencies.
a. Interagency councilsb. Iron trianglesc. Issue networksd. Independent regulatory commissions
Page Reference: 23515. Which of the following is a part of the federal bureaucracy?
a. the Department of Defenseb. the U.S. House of Representativesc. the U.S. Supreme Courtd. the Democratic Party
Page Reference: 23216. What function is the National Labor Relations board carrying out
when it settles disputes between labor and management related to federal labor laws?a. creating regulationsb. administrative adjudicationc. providing expert adviced. providing a check on judicial power
Page Reference: 23817. Which of the following is an example of the merit system?
a. the president evaluating a policy proposal based on its meritsb. citizens evaluating political candidates based on candidates’ work experiencec. agencies hiring people based on their performance on entrance examsd. agency officials evaluating a policy proposal based on its merits
Page Reference: 22318. Before 1883, how were government jobs awarded?
a. Jobs were awarded based on applicants’ expertise.b. Jobs were awarded through a lottery system.c. Jobs were awarded based on applicants’ performance on entrance exams.
d. Jobs were awarded based on applicants’ loyalty to the party in power.
Page Reference: 22319. Which of the following is a function of the federal bureaucracy?
a. issuing executive ordersb. issuing executive agreementsc. implementing congressional statutesd. implementing state laws
Page Reference: 23720. One purpose of the Administrative Procedures Act is to __________.
a. ensure opportunities for public participation in the rule-making processb. give federal agencies greater discretion in the rule-making processc. streamline bureaucratic activities in the rule-making processd. give the president greater control over the rule-making process
Page Reference: 23721. Which of the following is a presidential role in the federal
bureaucracy?a. confirming federal appointeesb. nominating people for some federal jobsc. creating or abolishing agenciesd. conducting oversight hearings
Page Reference: 222, 233 22. Which of the following is an example of an independent executive
agency?a. the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)b. the Department of Health and Human Servicesc. the Consumer Product Safety Commissiond. the Tennessee Valley Authority
Page Reference: 23223. Which of the following is an example of a government corporation?
a. the Food and Drug Administrationb. the Federal Elections Commissionc. the Tennessee Valley Authorityd. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Page Reference: 23324. Congress’s watchdog over executive branch spending is __________.
a. the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
b. the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)c. the Department of the Treasuryd. the General Accountability Office (GAO)
Page Reference: 24225. How did the Pendleton Act reform the system of hiring and firing
federal employees?a. It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on partisan loyalty rather than merit.b. It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on merit rather than partisan loyalty.c. It continued to allow hiring on the basis of merit, but made firing federal employees easier.d. It continued to allow hiring on the basis of partisan loyalty, but made firing federal employees more difficult.
Page Reference: 223
26. What is the main purpose served by government corporations?a. generating profit for the federal governmentb. providing services that the private sector lacks a financial incentive to providec. breaking up monopolies and promoting free-market principlesd. expanding international trade
Page Reference: 23327. What is a major purpose of an independent regulatory commission?
a. to regulate commerceb. to increase productivityc. to oversee the executive branchd. to perform services
Page Reference: 22428. Which statement about the quasi-judicial decisions made by
government agencies is accurate?a. They are strictly advisory.b. They can be reviewed by federal courts.c. They are final and cannot be appealed.d. They limit administrative discretion.
Page Reference: 23729. What role is the Environmental Protection Agency taking when it sets
limits on air pollution from power plants?a. adjudicationb. deliberation
c. regulationd. oversight
Page Reference: 237 – 238 30. When did the largest growth in the federal workforce occur?
a. Johnson’s Great Society b. FDR’s New Deal c. the Civil War d. World War IIPage Reference: 226
31. How did Americans’ attitudes about the role of government change as a result of the Great Depression and Roosevelt’s New Deal?a. People became more accepting of the federal government’s role in economic policy.b. People became more cynical about the federal government’s role in economic policy.c. People because more cynical about the federal government’s role in social policy.d. People because more confident in the ability of state governments to handle economic policy.
Page Reference: 225 – 226 32. Congress and the president share which of the following powers over
agencies and departments in the federal bureaucracy?
a. the power to influence budgetsb. the power to issue executive ordersc. the power to sign executive agreementsd. the power to hold oversight hearings
Page Reference: 23933. How do departments differ from independent agencies?
a. Department heads are nominated by the president; agency heads are not.b. Agencies are typically larger than departments.c. Department heads are part of the president’s Cabinet; agency heads are not.d. Departments cover a wider range of functions than agencies.
Page Reference: 23234. How do government corporations differ from private companies?
a. Government corporations perform activities that private companies have little incentive to provide.b. Government corporations cannot borrow money, whereas private companies can.c. Government corporations can sell stock, whereas private companies cannot.d. Government corporations need less government oversight than private companies.
Page Reference: 23335. Which of the following statements best describes Congress’s influence
over agency budgets?
a. Congress has final say over all department budgets, but has no control of the budgets of independent agencies.b. Congress has final say over the budgets of independent agencies, but has no control of department budgets.c. Congress has the authority to appropriate money to agencies.d. Congress influences the initial budget proposal, but depends on the president for appropriations of federal money.
Page Reference: 23936. Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt create hundreds of new
government agencies?
a. to support Congress in its oversight of the executive and judiciary branches b. to produce the necessary weapons and ammunition to defend the nationc. to reform the civil service systemd. to create jobs and to regulate the economy and business practices
Page Reference: 22537. What was the purpose of the Hatch Act?
a. to prohibit federal employees from engaging in partisan political activityb. to authorize greater discretion in bureaucratic decision makingc. to limit congressional control of the federal bureaucracyd. to award government jobs based on partisan loyalty
Page Reference: 23338. What is a goal common to both the Pendleton Act and the Hatch Act?
a. reducing the exercise of administrative discretionb. reducing the influence of partisan politics on the federal bureaucracyc. increasing presidential control of the federal bureaucracyd. streamlining the policy implementation process
Page Reference: 223, 23339. How are Cabinet secretaries similar to independent agency
administrators?
a. Both are nominated by the president.b. Neither can be fired by the president.c. Both typically remain in office over multiple presidential administrations.d. Both are part of the federal civil service system.
Page Reference: 227, 230, 23340. Which of the following is currently a major concern about the federal
workforce?
a. the decentralization of government officesb. the large number of workers who will soon be eligible to retirec. the low turnover rate in many important positionsd. the movement to revive the patronage system
Page Reference: 23041. How are interagency councils similar to policy coordinating committees?
a. Both coordinate the activities of multiple agencies.b. Both help coordinate the activities of the federal and state governments.c. Both are housed within the legislative branch.d. Both have the authority to override the decisions of agency heads.
Page Reference: 235, 23742. Which of the following was a consequence of the spoils, or patronage,
system?
a. The federal bureaucracy was staffed with people who often lacked expertise.
b. There was low turnover in the federal bureaucracy between presidential administrations.c. There was little government corruption.d. Voter turnout was lower.
Page Reference: 223
43. What event served as a catalyst for the creation of the Pendleton Act?
a. the growth of the Republican Party in the 1880sb. the expansion of the federal bureaucracy in the 1880sc. the assassination of James Garfield in 1881d. the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876
Page Reference: 22344. What has been the effect of requirements that agencies conduct a
formal hearing before issuing rules?a. Criticism of rules is increased because the public is more informed.b. Public input typically speeds up the process.c. The courts tend to give greater deference to agency decisions.d. The president becomes more directly involved in the procedure.
Page Reference: 23845. Which of the following contributed to the growth of federal
bureaucracy during the twentieth century?
a. the Hatch Actb. the elimination of the spoils systemc. World War IId. the Pendleton Act
Page Reference: 225 – 226
46. Under what circumstance might a president set up a policy coordinating committee (PSC)?
a. when a cabinet member wants to enlarge his or her sphere of influenceb. when citizens want to intervene in an agency’s rule-making procedurec. when funding is short and two agencies can be merged to create one agencyd. when agencies need to work together to ensure consistent policies
Page Reference: 235
47. Why was the spoils system ultimately replaced by the civil service system?
a. due to growing concerns about a poorly functioning federal bureaucracyb. due to public pressure to shrink the size of the federal bureaucracyc. due to a Supreme Court decision ruling the spoils system unconstitutionald. due to congressional demands for greater control over the federal bureaucracy
Page Reference: 22348. What factor was influential in driving expansion of the federal
bureaucracy in the post–Civil War era?
a. the expansion of voting rights to African American menb. the elimination of the spoils system c. a series of poor harvests and agricultural distribution problemsd. the growing incidence of price fixing and other unfair business practices
Page Reference: 224
2. Which Article of the Constitution creates the federal judiciary?a. Article I
b. Article IIc. Article IIId. Article IV
Page Reference: 248
2. Which of the following confirms all federal judges?
a. House of Representativesb. Supreme Courtc. Senated. president
Page Reference: 248
3. The __________ Act of 1789 established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system.
a. Federal Courtsb. Appellatec. Confirmationd. Judiciary
Page Reference: 249
4. How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?
a. fiveb. sixc. eight d. nine
Page Reference: 250
5. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review?
a. Chisholm v. Georgiab. Brown v. Board of Educationc. United States v. Nixond. Marbury v. Madison
Page Reference: 251
6. In which type of court do cases generally begin?
a. trialb. appellatec. legislatived. circuit
Page Reference: 252
7. A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision.
a. mandamusb. prohibitionc. attachmentd. certiorari
Page Reference: 264
8. For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case?
a. oneb. fourc. fived. sixPage Reference: 266
9. Following oral arguments, the justices gather for a __________ during which they discuss the case and cast preliminary votes.
a. conferenceb. moot court sessionc. hearingd. review
Page Reference: 269
10. How many tiers does the federal judiciary have?
a. three b. sixc. 12d. 15
Page Reference: 249
11. Of all current federal judges, more were appointed by President __________ than by any other president.
a. Barack Obamab. George W. Bushc. Bill Clintond. George H. W. Bush
Page Reference: 259
12. Courts established by Congress for specialized purposes are known as __________ courts.
a. appellateb. constitutional
c. legislatived. public
Page Reference: 252
13. Who represents the federal government in appeals to the Supreme Court?
a. attorney generalb. presidentc. Speaker of the Housed. solicitor general
Page Reference: 267
14. Who nominates judges to the U.S. district courts?
a. the presidentb. the House of Representativesc. the Senated. the Supreme Court
Page Reference: 252
15. Which of the following is the authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in a particular case?
a. jurisdictionb. judicial reviewc. jurisprudenced. stare decisis
Page Reference: 248 - 249
16. __________ is the power of the courts to review and overturn the actions of the executive and legislative branches.
a. Original jurisdictionb. Stare decisisc. Judicial reviewd. Precedent
Page Reference: 251
17. Recent presidents have increased the __________ of the federal courts.
a. sizeb. salariesc. experience leveld. diversity
Page Reference: 259
18. Federal district court judges are appointed to __________ terms.
a. three-yearb. ten-yearc. twenty-yeard. life
Page Reference: 252
19. The authority to be the first court to hear a case is which type of jurisdiction?
a. appellateb. constitutionalc. federald. original
Page Reference: 248 – 249
20. A(n) __________ brief might be submitted by an interest group hoping to sway the Supreme Court’s decision by providing the group’s legal rationale for why the Court should rule a certain way.
a. amicus curiaeb. habeas corpusc. Outsiderd. coram nobis
Page Reference: 268
21. Only a(n) __________ court can review the decisions of a lower court.
a. trialb. legislative
c. administratived. appellate
Page Reference: 249
22. The U.S. courts of appeals are divided into __________ numbered circuits and two unnumbered circuits.
a. sixb. ninec. eleven d. twelve
Page Reference: 254
23. In __________ the Supreme Court demonstrated its policy-making power by overruling its own prior decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
a. Gideon v. Wainwrightb. McCulloch v. Marylandc. Brown v. Board of Educationd. Marbury v. Madison
Page Reference: 275
24. Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important?
a. concurringb. en bancc. dissentingd. per curiam
Page Reference: 271
25. Proponents of which of the following believe that judges should use their power broadly to further justice?
a. judicial restraintb. strict constructionismc. judicial activismd. originalism
Page Reference: 272
26. The vast majority of all cases are tried in __________.
a. federal courtsb. the U.S. district courtsc. appellate courtsd. state courts
Page Reference: 253
27. In which federal courts are trials conducted?
a. circuit courtsb. district courtsc. courts of appealsd. state supreme courts
Page Reference: 254
28. In 1987, the Senate refused to confirm the nomination of which of the following to the Supreme Court?
a. Antonin Scaliab. Earl Warrenc. Robert Borkd. John Roberts
Page Reference: 261
29. The Supreme Court provides a statement of the legal reasoning behind its decisions in written __________.
a. briefsb. argumentsc. opinionsd. regulations
Page Reference: 271
30. How and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual policy is known as judicial __________.
a. implementationb. executionc. legislationd. intention
Page Reference: 275
31. Of the following, who was appointed by President George W. Bush?
a. Justice Alitob. Justice Kaganc. Justice Thomasd. Justice Ginsburg
Page Reference: 258
32. Which of the following is within the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
a. federal criminal mattersb. tax disputesc. military tribunalsd. cases involving the state governments
Page Reference: 249
33. Who presides over trials for presidential impeachment?
a. the vice presidentb. the Speaker of the Housec. the chief justice d. the president of the Senate
Page Reference: 249
34. According to Marbury v. Madison, which clause implies the right of the Supreme Court to exercise judicial review?
a. the necessary and proper clauseb. the supremacy clausec. the faithful execution claused. the full faith and credit clause
Page Reference: 252
35. According to Article III of the Constitution, __________ has/have the power to create inferior federal courts.
a. Congressb. the presidentc. the Supreme Courtd. the states
Page Reference: 252
36. The U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims is an example of which type of court?
a. constitutionalb. Article IIIc. legislatived. ex officio
Page Reference: 252 – 253
37. According to Figure 9.1, How Is the American Judicial System Structured?, which of the following has no original jurisdiction?
a. Supreme Courtb. U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Californiac. U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohiod. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Page Reference: 253
38. How many courts of appeals are in the federal system?
a. Twob. sixc. fived. thirteen
Page Reference: 255
39. In an informal process known as __________, presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block the nomination.
a. advice and consentb. presidential deference
c. judicial purview d. senatorial courtesy
Page Reference: 257
40. As of 2014, how many African Americans have served on the U.S. Supreme Court?
a. zerob. onec. twod. five
Page Reference: 260
41. Of the following presidents, who had the greatest influence on the composition of the federal judiciary as measured by the percentage of judgeships filled by that president?
a. Jimmy Carterb. Ronald Reaganc. George W. Bushd. Bill Clinton
Page Reference: 257
42. When the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear a case appealed to it from a circuit court, it is exercising its __________ jurisdiction.
a. originalb. legislativec. mandatoryd. appellate
Page Reference: 249
43. Which of the following can modify or reverse a decision of the Supreme Court?
a. an executive orderb. a district courtc. a constitutional amendmentd. a writ of certiorari
Page Reference: 249
44. All federal judicial nominations are first referred to which of the following for a hearing?
a. House Committee on the Courtsb. Senate Nominations Committeec. attorney generald. Senate Judiciary Committee
Page Reference: 257
45. If a judge believes that she should only strike down laws that clearly violate the Constitution, she likely believes in which of the following?
a. judicial activismb. original intentc. strict constructionism d. judicial restraint
Page Reference: 272
46. The conference of the U.S. Supreme Court is __________.
a. limited to the justices and other court staff b. limited to the justices themselvesc. open to the justices and the public d. open to the justices and the media
Page Reference: 265
47. A court that hears and weighs evidence in order to reach the first decision in a civil or criminal case is a court of __________ jurisdiction.
a. appellateb. constitutionalc. mandatoryd. original
Page Reference: 248 – 249
__________________________________________________________________
True/False
1. Members of Congress are more religious than the general public.
Page Reference: 163
2. Incumbents are prohibited from pursuing casework because it is seen as an unfair electoral advantage.
Page Reference: 165
3. A bill goes through markup in a full committee after a subcommittee votes in favor of it.
Page Reference: 176
4. Studies show that members of Congress vote in conformity with the prevailing opinion of their constituents a majority of the time.
Page Reference: 183
5. The House currently has 435 members, but this number increases automatically every ten years after the census is conducted.
Page Reference: 159
6. The Congressional Budget Office evaluates the economic effects of different spending programs and provides information to Congress on the anticipated cost of proposed policies.
Page Reference: 178
7. Congress has ceded to the president a major role in the legislative process.
Page Reference: 186
8. Logrolling was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court following the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Page Reference: 184
9. A conference committee is composed of members from the House and Senate committees that originally considered the bill.
Page Reference: 171 – 172
10. In the face of inaction by a House committee, a discharge petition signed by a majority can force a bill out of a committee and to the floor.
Page Reference: 173
11. Most bills become law.
Page Reference: 174, 176
12. The increasing partisanship and unproductivity of Congress have contributed to its low approval ratings.
Page Reference: 186
13. The Supreme Court has prohibited the practice of gerrymandering.
Page Reference: 165
14. The necessary and proper clause allows Congress to increase the scope of its authority.
Page Reference: 159
15. The vice presidency has become more powerful in recent years.
Page Reference: 206
46. The members of the Cabinet are appointed by the president and approved by the Senate.
Page Reference: 197
47. The president may grant pardons to anyone convicted of a federal crime for any reason (except in cases of impeachment, which cannot be pardoned).
Page Reference: 202
48. The president is not allowed to encourage specific members of Congress to vote for or against a particular bill.
Page Reference:
49. Historically, most presidents begin their terms in office with higher approval ratings and tend to lose popularity over time.
Page Reference: 210
50. Congress has the sole authority to declare war.
Page Reference: 200
51. A president can influence policy by issuing a signing statement in which he or she claims that part of the just-signed law is unconstitutional and will not be implemented as Congress intends.
Page Reference: 216
52. Most presidential vetoes are overridden.
Page Reference: 200 – 201
53. The Constitution lays out the president’s power in great detail.
Page Reference: 197
54. Effective presidents must master the power of persuasion.
Page Reference: 210
55. The Framers included a two-term limit to the presidency in the Constitution.
Page Reference: 193
56. Joan O’Leary wants to run for president. She is a natural-born citizen of the United States. She is 45 years old. She has been a resident of the United States for 10 years. Therefore, she meets the requirements to become president.
Page Reference: 193
57. If Barack Obama wants to disapprove individual items within a spending bill rather than the bill in its entirety, he can use the line-item veto.
Page Reference: 200
58. President Gerald R. Ford pardoned President Richard M. Nixon.
Page Reference: 202
59. Presidents tend to have higher approval ratings at the beginning of their term.
Page Reference: 212
60. According to Max Weber, ideal bureaucracies are characterized by a chain of command in which authority flows from top to bottom.
Page Reference: 23450. Federal agencies are prohibited from engaging in any quasi-judicial
processes.Page Reference: 237
51. The president and Congress share oversight of the federal bureaucracy.
Page Reference: 23952. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an example of a
government corporation.Page Reference: 23353. Each independent agency in the executive branch is headed by a
Cabinet secretary.Page Reference: 23254. The federal workforce is split evenly between men and women.Page Reference: 22955. According to the liberalized Hatch Act, federal employees may make
campaign speeches for candidates in partisan elections.Page Reference: 23356. Bureaucrats often have considerable administrative discretion in the
implementation of federal laws.Page Reference: 237
57. Over 3 million people work for the federal government.Page Reference: 22758. Regulations are usually created by Congress.Page Reference: 23759. Decisions reached by agencies through administrative adjudication
can be reviewed by the federal courts.Page Reference: 23860. Both Congress and the president are involved in the process of filling
high-level positions in the federal bureaucracy.Page Reference: 227
1. Of the more than 100 people who have been Supreme Court justices, a majority have been Catholic.
Page Reference: 260
49. Article III of the Constitution contains the provisions related to the Supreme Court.
Page Reference: 248
50. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the federal circuit courts and district courts.
Page Reference: 249
51. The federal district courts are appellate courts.
Page Reference: 252 – 253
52. Litigants have an automatic right of appeal to the Supreme Court.
Page Reference: 254 – 255
53. The Supreme Court’s annual term begins on the first Thursday in April.
Page Reference: 269
54. A dissenting opinion is written by a justice who agrees with the final outcome of a case but disagrees with the rationale.
Page Reference: 271
55. The selection of federal judges is a highly political process.
Page Reference: 257
56. Justice Elena Kagan did not have any judicial experience prior to her appointment to the Supreme Court.
Page Reference: 258
57. Strict constructionists believe that the Constitution should be interpreted in light of modern values.
Page Reference: 272
58. The Supreme Court only has original jurisdiction.
Page Reference:
59. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit is a constitutional court.
Page Reference: 265
60. The Supreme Court regularly exercises its original jurisdiction.
Page Reference: 265
61. Rotating three-judge panels typically decide cases in the federal courts of appeals.
Page Reference: 255
62. Marbury v. Madison significantly expanded the power of the federal judiciary.
Page Reference: 251
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions63. In either chamber of Congress, the __________ is the highest-ranking
leader in the minority party.
Answer: minority leaderPage Reference: 169
64. __________ committees include members from both houses of Congress and are set up to conduct investigations or special studies.
Answer: JointPage Reference: 172
65. The Constitution is vague about the __________ process, even though it remains Congress’s ultimate oversight of the U.S. president.
Answer: impeachmentPage Reference: 181
66. Congress may override a presidential __________ with a two-thirds vote in each chamber.
Answer: vetoPage Reference: 178
67. The Constitution specifies that the presiding officer of the Senate is the __________.
Answer: vice president of the United StatesPage Reference: 171
68. When a bill is introduced in Congress, several members may be listed as __________ in order to show their support for the proposed legislation.
Answer: co-sponsorsPage Reference: 174
69. The most powerful person in Congress is the __________.
Answer: SpeakerPage Reference: 167
70. At their party __________ at the beginning of each new Congress, Democrats will meet to nominate or elect party officers, review committee assignments, discuss party policy, impose party discipline, set party themes, and coordinate media.
Answer: caucusPage Reference: 166
71. Cloture is the only way other senators can end a(n) __________.
Answer: filibusterPage Reference: 177
72. The __________ oversees House business and is the official spokesperson for the House.
Answer: Speaker of the HousePage Reference: 167
73. Bills are referred for consideration to __________ committees that continue from one Congress to the next.
Answer: standingPage Reference: 171
2. The idea that the president may be advised by executive branch officials in confidence without the advice becoming public is called __________.
Answer: executive privilegePage Reference: 195
61. As a result of the __________ scandal, Richard Nixon resigned to avoid impeachment and a Senate trial.
Answer: WatergatePage Reference: 195
62. In order to avoid going to the Senate for approval, recent presidents have started to rely more heavily on __________ rather than treaties.
Answer: executive agreementsPage Reference: 198
63. The __________ is a loyal presidential assistant who oversees the administration and acts as a gatekeeper to the president.
Answer: chief of staffPage Reference: 209
64. The __________ is an advisory group composed of the heads of the fifteen executive departments to help the president make decisions and execute laws. They are chosen by presidents and confirmed by the Senate.
Answer: CabinetPage Reference: 197
65. Appearances by the president on shows such as The Daily Show are examples of a president __________.
Answer: going public
66. The __________ is the authority of the president to reject bills passed by Congress.
Answer: vetoPage Reference: 198, 200
67. The president would seek economic forecasts from the __________ in order to help the administration figure out the president’s budget proposal.
Answer: Office of Management and BudgetPage Reference: 215
68. According to the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, if a vacancy occurs in the office of the vice president, the __________ appoints a new vice president, subject to approval of both houses of Congress.
Answer: presidentPage Reference: 196
69. According to the Constitution, __________ should be reserved for “treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors,” not for political conflicts.
Answer: impeachmentPage Reference: 195
70. Congress enacted the __________ in 1973 after it became frustrated that the president had misled the public about the Vietnam War.
Answer: War Powers ResolutionPage Reference: 200
In 1789, three executive departments existed under the Articles of Confederation: Foreign Affairs, War, and __________.
Answer: TreasuryPage Reference: 222
62. According to the __________ Act, federal agencies must solicit public comments before issuing new rules and regulations.
Answer: Administrative ProceduresPage Reference: 237
63. Under the __________ system, jobs in the federal bureaucracy are awarded on the basis of skills and expertise.
Answer: civil service or meritPage Reference: 223
64. __________ often holds oversight hearings to investigate the policies and performance of agencies and departments in the federal bureaucracy.
Answer: CongressPage Reference: 238
65. After a president nominates an individual to be a Cabinet secretary, that appointment must be confirmed by __________.
Answer: the Senate
Page Reference: 22266. When the U.S. Department of Transportation stipulates how many
hours truck drivers can be on the road per week, the department is creating a(n) __________.
Answer: regulationPage Reference: 237
67. The __________ led to the creation of the civil service system, even though it initially covered only 10 percent of the federal workforce.
Answer: Pendleton ActPage Reference: 223
68. The president appoints, but cannot easily dismiss, officials who serve on __________.
Answer: independent regulatory commissionsPage Reference: 228
69. The Social Security Administration rendering a decision about whether an individual was wrongly denied disability payments illustrates the __________ function of the federal bureaucracy.
Answer: administrative adjudicationPage Reference: 238
70. The purpose of the __________ was to prohibit federal employees from engaging in partisan political activities.
Answer: Hatch ActPage Reference: 233
71. One function of __________ is to provide public services that the private sector is unlikely to do.
Answer: government corporationsPage Reference: 233
3. A lawyer’s spoken presentation to the Court of the legal reasons why his or her client should win is called the __________.
Answer: oral argumentPage Reference: 269
64. Of the federal courts, only the __________ is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Answer: Supreme CourtPage Reference: 248
65. Judicial __________ is a philosophy of judicial decision making that posits judges should use their power broadly to further justice.
Answer: activismPage Reference: 272
66. The courts of appeals hear appeals from the __________ courts.
Answer: districtPage Reference: 254 – 255
67. __________ believe that courts should interpret the Constitution as the Framers wrote and originally intended it.
Answer: Strict constructionistsPage Reference: 272
68. The president appoints federal judges with the advice and consent of the __________.
Answer: SenatePage Reference: 249
69. Article III guarantees that the __________ of federal judges will not be reduced during their service on the bench.
Answer: salariesPage Reference: 250
70. The solicitor general handles all appeals on behalf of the __________ before the Supreme Court.
Answer: U.S. governmentPage Reference: 267
71. Justices who do not agree with the outcome of a case write __________ opinions.
Answer: dissentingPage Reference: 271
72. If North Dakota sues South Dakota, the case will be heard by the __________.
Answer: Supreme CourtPage Reference: 253
73. Judicial __________ encourages deference to the policy judgments of elected branches of government.
Answer: restraintPage Reference: 272
