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1
A DNA Overview
For members of the St. Clair - Sinclair DNA Study and others
By St. Clair Researchwww.StClairResearch.com
Spring, 2012
2
Overview - 2012
Total Members 216Y-DNA111 14Y-DNA12 189Y-DNA25 179Y-DNA37 155Y-DNA67 99Y-DNA Deep Clade (After 2008) 32mtDNA 50mtDNA Full Sequence 18mtDNA Plus 33 Family Finder 22
People find their way to the study thanks to the Sinclair family Yahoo groups, by searching on Google, or by a friend who’s already in the study recruiting them.
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SNPs - Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms
A SNP (pronounced snip) is a variation two sequenced DNA fragments from different individuals. Here’s an example. Two sequenced DNA fragments from two different individuals differ on a single nucleotide, marked in red. AAGCCTA vs. AAGCTTA.
For a variation to be considered a SNP, it must occur in at least 1% of the population. SNPs, which make up about 90% of all human genetic variation, occur every 100 to 300 bases along the 3-billion-base human genome.
SNPs are genetically stable, much more stable than STRs. So they’re very good for genealogy studies like ours.
DNA molecule 1 differs from DNA molecule 2 at a single base-pair location (a C/T polymorphism).
Sources: 1) Wikipedia (Creative Commons)2) www.ornl.go
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Ordering a SNP - 3
More reading on SNPshttp://www.isogg.org/
International Society of Genetic Genealogy
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Getting More Data - Excel
One tool I use a lot is an Excel spread sheet that I can export from our complete FTDNA project at any time. Then I turn on a function called “Auto Filter.” That allows me to select the different values in each vertical column.
Here, I’m looking at the options in DYS390. This is a major allele in our study. Early on, it’s the one I suspected would be the major divider of our Lineages and that suspicion proved right. Now, with SNP studies, we’re seeing divisions within some of the groups formed within DYS390.
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Getting More Data - Excel
A hint from a DNA-Forums.org, “M269+/R1b1a2 in combination with DYS492=13 (a very effective indicator of being U106+, but requires 67 markers)”
When I split the project by DYS492 alone, I end up with 45 people who should be positive for U106. However, this allele only shows up in those who have tested out to 67-markers.
Every one of those who shows DYS492=13 are also showing DYS390=23, which is how I divided up our study back in 2004, once we had a statistically relevant sample of about 90 test members.
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STRs Point to SNPs
U106
Z381
Z301U198
L48L259 Z152-Z155
L47
Z9
Z157-Z159
Z10L44 L163
L46
L45 L164 L237
Z327-Z337
Z80-Z84Z326
Z30
Z2
Z7Z217.2
Z4Z3 Z5Z8
Z1
Z13Z6
Z11 Z12
M157.2
U106* Lineage
Z9* Earldom Participant
Z2 Argyle Lineage
Z1 Northern Scotland Lineage
Z156
L1
Z304-Z306
Z18 Z19
Z16/17
Z14
Z372
L257 Z15
L11
Italio-Celtic GermanicP312
(See our P312 - AMH Lineages)
Source: Greg Magoon, DNA-Forums.org
4,500 years ago
2,300 years ago
3,000 years ago???
4,000 years ago???STRs give an indication of which SNPs one might have. This is called a Phylogeny. It’s ever-growing in a downward direction.
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P312 S116
L11
Italio-Celtic Germanic U106
See Previous
PageP312*
Z225 Z229
Z222
Z196 U152 L21 DF19 L238 M65 L617
L459
DF23
L96Z254 DF21
L371
L144
S190 L720 P314
L362
Z246
DF25
DF5
L627
P66 L705
L193
Z577
Z69.4
Z253
L226
L554
Z255
L159.2
Z36
L2Z56
4,500 years ago
1,100 years ago
Source: DNA-Forums.org user Jimm
Z274
Z294
Z209
Z220
Z210
Z278
Z214
M153
L176.2
SRY2627
Z206
Z207
L671S44
L4
S47
L196
L367 L408 Z49
Z142
L562
L20
Z291
M228
L21 Lineage
Our c.1666 Glasgow Lineage
L513
Exeter, New Hampshire LineageNiall of
the Nine Hostages
Participant
Brimms Partic
ipant
STRs Point to SNPs
Our Mystery Lineage??
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Source: Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Celts_in_Europe.png
Core Hallstatt territory, by the 6th century BCMaximal
Celtic expansion, by 275 BC
Areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today
Getting More Data - Archaeology, Linguistics, etc.
Movements ofthe Visigoths
http://www2.div.ed.ac.uk/courses/Animated_Maps/Divinity6web/movements.html
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Getting More Data - Place Name
books.google.com 29 places named St Clair in France in the 1800s.
Google Maps8 places named St Clairin France