¡A DESCRIBIR!Español 1 Vocabulario y Gramática

Subject Pronouns

1. What is a subject pronoun?2. What are the subject pronouns in

English?3. What are the subject pronouns in

Spanish?

Subject Pronouns

The subject of a sentence tells who is doing the action.

Often a person’s name is the subject:

Gregorio .Ana canta y baila.

Subject PronounsYou also use subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, we, they) to tell who is doing an action.

The subject pronouns replace people’s names.

Here are all the subject pronouns.

Subject Pronouns (Singular)

YoTúUsted (Ud.)ÉlElla

IYou (informal)

You (formal)HeShe

Subject Pronouns (Plural) Nosotros Nosotras Vosotros Vosotras Ustedes (Uds.) Ellos Ellas

We (males) We (females) You All (informal) You All (informal) You All (formal) They (males) They (females)

Subject Pronouns

Tú, usted, ustedes, and vosotros(as) all mean “you.”

Use tú with family, friends, people your age or younger, and anyone you call by his or her first name.

Subject Pronouns

Use usted with adults you address with a title, such as señor, señora, profesor(a), etc. Usted is usually written as Ud.

Subject Pronouns

In Latin America, use ustedes when speaking to two or more people, regardless of age. Ustedes is usually written as Uds.

Subject Pronouns In Spain, use vosotros(as) when speaking to two or more people you call tú individually:

Tú + tú = vosotros(as)Use ustedes when talking to two or more people you call usted individually.

Subject Pronouns

If a group is made up of males only or of both males and females together, use the masculine forms: nosotros, vosotros, ellos.

Subject Pronouns

You can combine a subject pronoun and a name to form a subject.

Subject Pronouns

Alejandro y yo = nosotrosCarlos y ella = ellosPepe y tú = ustedesLola y ella = ellas

P r a c t i c a m o s…

Translate:1. tú2. usted3. nosotras4. vosotros/ ustedes5. yo6. él7. ella8. ellas

1. you (familiar)2. you (formal)3. we (all girls)4. all of you (2 ways)5. I6. he7. she8. They (girls)

Subjects and Verbs

In English, we sometimes change the form of the verb according to the subject.

For example:I read, but he __________.I am but you _____, and she __________.This is called conjugating the verb. We also conjugate verbs in Spanish.

El Verbo Ser = to be

English:I amyou areHe isShe isIt isWe areYou all areThey are

Spanish:Yo soyTú eresUsted esÉl esElla esNosotros somosVosotros soisEllos son

P r a c t i c a m o s

1. I am from Caracas.

2. She is from Caracas.

3. Mario is from Lima.

4. Mario and I are from Lima.

5. You (formal) are not from Lima.

6. You (familiar) are not from Lima.

1. Yo soy de Caracas.

2. Ella es de Caracas.

3. Mario es de Lima.

4. Mario y yo somos de Lima.

5. Usted no es de Lima.

6. Tú no eres de Lima.

Vocabulario Nuevo:

1. What are some words that name people in Spanish?

2. How many words for the are there in Spanish?

3. Why does the word for the change from one subject to another?

Vocabulario Nuevo: Nombres/nouns

Before we learn nouns, we need to know something about the word the in Spanish.

There are 4 words for the in Spanish:ellaloslas

the…4 ways:

When using nouns that name people, the word for “The” depends on the gender of the person.

Use el if the person is masculine, singular.El señorEl chicoEl papá

the…4 ways:

When using nouns that name people, the word for “The” depends on the gender of the person.

Use la if the person is femenine, singular.La señoraLa chicaLa profe

the…4 ways:

When using nouns that name people, the word for “The” depends on the gender of the person.

Use los if the people are masculine, plural.Los señoresLos chicosLos muchachos

the…4 ways:

When using nouns that name people, the word for “The” depends on the gender of the person.

Use las if the people are feminine and plural.

Las señorasLas chicasLas profesoras

¡Practicamos!

1. ____ chicas2. ____ mamá3. ____ chicos4. ____profesoras5. ____ señor6. ____ señora7. ____ chico8. ____ chica

1. Las2. La3. Los4. Las5. El6. La7. El8. La

Nouns that name people

Notice that the words for people in Spanish also depend on masculine/feminine/singular/plural

amigo amigosamiga amigas

Vocabulario Nuevo:

1. el amigo/la amiga2. el chico/la chica3. el muchacho/4. la muchacha5. la familia6. el hombre7. la mujer8. la señora9. el señor10. la señorita

1. the friend2. the boy/the girl3. the guy/girl

4. the family5. the man6. the woman7. the lady8. the gentleman9. the young woman

Nouns that name Places

1. la comunidad2. el mundo3. el país

Other places you know:

4. La clase5. la casa6. El apartamento

1. the community2. the world3. the country

4. the class5. the house6. the apartment

Profesiones:

Occupations1. el doctor/la

doctora2. el/la estudiante3. el maestro/la

maestra4. el/la policía5. el director/la

directora* 

1. the doctor2. the student3. the teacher

4. the police officer5. the principal

Más profesiones

6. el/la jefe*7. el/la presidente8. el profesor/la

profesora*9. el secretario/ la

secretaria10. el/ la atleta*11. el camarero/la

camarera*

6. the boss7. the president8. the teacher9. the secretary10. the athlete11. the waiter/

waitress

Professions with SER

To tell someone’s profession, we use the verb “ser”

• Yo soy profesora.• Ella es doctora.• María y Ana son maestras.• Antonio y yo somos camareros.

¡Practicamos!

1. Ella es doctora.2. Él es doctor.3. Nosotras somos

doctoras.4. Yo no soy doctor.5. ¿Eres tú

doctora?6. Mi mamá es

doctora.

1. She is a doctor.2. He is a doctor.3. We are doctors.

4. I am not a doctor.

5. Are you a doctor?

6. My mom is a doctor.

Los Adjectivos

1. What are adjectives?2. How are adjectives different in English

vs. Spanish?3. How does an adjective change for plural

nouns?

Adjectives Words that describe people and

things are called adjectives (adjetivos).

In Spanish, most adjectives have both masculine and feminine forms.

The masculine form usually ends in the letter -o and the feminine form usually ends in the letter -a.

Adjectives

Masculine adjectives are used to describe masculine nouns.

Marcos es ordenado y simpatico.

Marcos is organized and nice.

Adjectives

Feminine adjectives are used to describe feminine nouns.

Marta es ordenada y simpática.

Marta is organized and nice.

**Notice that the adjective is placed after the noun in Spanish.

Adjectives

Adjectives that end in -e describe both masculine and feminine nouns.

Take a look

Adjectives

Anita es inteligente.Anita is smart.Pedro es inteligente también.

Pedro is also smart.

Adjectives

Masculine

ordenadotrabajadorpaciente

deportista

Feminine

ordenadatraqbajadora

pacientedeportista

Adjectives

When an adjective ends in -or, an -a is added to describe a feminine noun.

Juan es trabajador.Luz es trabajadora

Adjectives

Some adjectives that end in -a, such as deportista, describe both masculine and feminine nouns.

You will need to learn which adjectives follow this pattern.

Adjectives

Tomás es deportista.Tomás is sports-minded.Marta es deportista también.

Marta is also sports-minded.

¿Cómo eres tú?

1. alto/a2. bajo/a3. bello/a*4. bonito/a5. débil6. delgado/a7. feo/a8. fuerte9. gordo/a10. grande

1. tall

2. short

3. beautiful

4. pretty

5. weak

6. thin

7. ugly

8. strong

9. fat

10. big

¿Cómo es él? ¿Cómo es ella?1. guapo/a2. hermoso/a*3. joven4. mediano/a5. moreno/a6. nuevo/a7. pelirrojo/a8. pequeño/a9. rubio/a10. viejo/a11. aburrido/a12. agradable

1. handsome2. beautiful3. young4. medium5. dark-featured6. new7. red-haired8. small9. blond10. old11. boring12. friendly/agreeable

1. antipático/a2. aplicado/a*3. bueno/a4. cómico/a5. desagradable6. distraído/a*7. divertido/a8. estudioso/a*9. estúpido/a10. impaciente

1. mean, unfriendly2. hard-working3. good4. funny5. disagreeable6. distractable7. fun8. studious9. stupid10. impaciente

1. inteligente2. interesante3. listo/a4. malo/a5. paciente6. perezoso/a7. sabio/a*8. serio/a9. simpático/a10. tonto/a11. trabajador/a

1. intelligent2. interesting3. clever4. bad5. patient6. lazy7. knowledgeable8. serious9. nice10. foolish, silly11. hard-working

¡A DESCRIBIR!LOS OJOS Y EL PELO CON TENEREspañol 1 Vocabulario y Gramática

el verbo ser

To describe a person’s physical appearance in Spanish, we usually use the verb ser.

Examples:Yo soy alta. Él es rubio.Ella es inteligente y bonita.

El Verbo Tener

Some descriptions require the verb tener instead of ser.

Tener means to have. We use tener to describe:

hair (I have long hair.)eyes (I have blue eyes.)

The Verb TENER

Here is the verb “To Have” in English.

TO HAVE

I have

You have

HeShe hasIt

We have

They have

TENER

Yo tengo

Tú tienes

Ud.Él tieneElla

Nosotros tenemos

Vosotros tenéis

Uds.Ellos tienenEllas

We use tener to describe our eyes Tengo los ojos… azules negros avellanos verdes cafés marrones/pardos 

I have_____ eyes… blue black hazel green brown brown

We also use tener to describe our hair…

Tengo el pelo… largo corto mediano rubio pelirrojo negro castaño gris 

I have _____ hair… long short medium blond red black brown grey

P r a c t i c a m o s

1. I have blond hair.2. She has blond

hair.3. Eduardo has

black hair.4. You have long

hair.5. María has long,

blond hair.

Yo tengo el pelo rubio.

Ella tiene el pelo rubio.

Eduardo tiene el pelo negro.

Tú tienes el pelo largo.

María tiene el pelo largo y rubio.

¡Bravo!