A CONCEPT OF SIMPLE METHOD AND A CONCEPT OF SIMPLE METHOD AND SMALL AMOUNT INVESTMENT REQUIRED SMALL AMOUNT INVESTMENT REQUIRED

IN IMPROVING QUALITY OF LOW RANK IN IMPROVING QUALITY OF LOW RANK COALCOAL

ByByDJAMHUR SULEDJAMHUR SULE

THE UTILIZATION OF WORLD THE UTILIZATION OF WORLD COAL PRODUCTIONCOAL PRODUCTION

1.1. POWER PLANTS POWER PLANTS ±± 75 %75 %2.2. CEMENT INDUSTRIES CEMENT INDUSTRIES ±± 10 %10 %3.3. OTHERS OTHERS ±± 15 %15 %

Coal utilization in Indonesia

Coal Consumption, 103 tonYear

Electricity Cement Others Total1993 4.285 3.000 1.100 8.5001995 6.664 3.600 1.800 12.0641997 9.803 4.400 520 14.7231999 13.594 2.032 3.634 16.6882001 19.517 5.142 2.668 27.3282003 22.996 4.774 2.888 30.658

Source : Ditjen LPE, 2002, Hartoyo B., 1997, Tenggoro ,1999, Soedjoko ,1998, Directorate of Coal 2000, 2003, 2004, PT. Koneba 2004.

POWER PLANTS IN INDONESIAPOWER PLANTS IN INDONESIA

MOST OF THE POWER PLANTS ARE USING MOST OF THE POWER PLANTS ARE USING BITUMINOUS AND SUBBITUMINOUS AND SUB--BITUMINOUS COALBITUMINOUS COAL

TOTAL TOTAL MOISTUREMOISTURE REQUIREDREQUIREDPOWER PLANT TOTAL MOISTURE , %POWER PLANT TOTAL MOISTURE , %

1.1. Suralaya Unit 1Suralaya Unit 1--4 8.3 4 8.3 –– 23.623.62.2. Suralaya Unit 5Suralaya Unit 5--7 9.0 7 9.0 –– 28.3 28.3 3.3. AsamAsam--Asam 37.2 Asam 37.2 4.4. Ombilin 14 Ombilin 14 maxmax5.5. Tanjung Jati B 27 Tanjung Jati B 27 –– 31 31 6.6. Paiton PLN 24.5 Paiton PLN 24.5 -- 27277.7. Paiton Energi Co. 16 Paiton Energi Co. 16 -- 32328.8. Bukit Asam 23.6Bukit Asam 23.69.9. Tarahan 24 Tarahan 24 -- 32 32 10.10. Cilacap 18 Cilacap 18

CALORIFIC VALUE (a.r) REQUIREDCALORIFIC VALUE (a.r) REQUIRED

POWER PLANTPOWER PLANT CALORIFIC VALUE , kcal/kg (a.r)CALORIFIC VALUE , kcal/kg (a.r)1.1. Suralaya Unit 1Suralaya Unit 1--4 4.225 4 4.225 –– 5.242 5.242 2.2. Suralaya Unit 5Suralaya Unit 5--7 4500 7 4500 –– 7.060 7.060 3.3. AsamAsam--Asam 3.820 Asam 3.820 4.4. Ombilin 6.400 mOmbilin 6.400 min in 5.5. Tanjung Jati B 4.500 Tanjung Jati B 4.500 6.6. Paiton PLN 4.700 Paiton PLN 4.700 –– 4.9004.9007.7. Paiton Energi Co. 4.500 Paiton Energi Co. 4.500 –– 5.5005.5008.8. Bukit Asam 3.820Bukit Asam 3.8209.9. Tarahan 4.800 Tarahan 4.800 –– 4.900 4.900 10.10. Cilacap 5.900 Cilacap 5.900

Why Indonesian Power Plants are Why Indonesian Power Plants are looking for lower quality coallooking for lower quality coal

1. High quality coal is almost depleted

2. Coal price in the World Market is high

3. Coal producers prefer to sell their coal for ex-port

Condition of Low Rank Coal Condition of Low Rank Coal before Simple Treatmentbefore Simple Treatment

1.1. TOTAL MOISTURE IN THE COAL > 30 %TOTAL MOISTURE IN THE COAL > 30 %

2.2. CALORIFIC VALUE IS LOWER THAN THE CALORIFIC VALUE IS LOWER THAN THE REQUIREMENT OF THE EXISTING POWER REQUIREMENT OF THE EXISTING POWER PLANTPLANT

3. IT IS NOT SUITABLE FOR THE UTILIZA 3. IT IS NOT SUITABLE FOR THE UTILIZA --TION IN THE POWER PLANT TION IN THE POWER PLANT

MOISTURE CONTENTMOISTURE CONTENT

1.1. FREE MOISTUREFREE MOISTURE2.2. INHERENT MOISTURE ( The value is almost INHERENT MOISTURE ( The value is almost

Constant in the same Coal seam)Constant in the same Coal seam)

TOTAL MOISTURETOTAL MOISTURE is strongly related to is strongly related to FREEFREEMOISTUREMOISTURE

FREE MOISTUREFREE MOISTURE

1.1. RUN OF MINE : 1 RUN OF MINE : 1 -- 3 %3 %2.2. WASHED SIZE COAL : 3 WASHED SIZE COAL : 3 -- 7 %7 %3.3. CENTRIFUGE FINE COAL: 12 CENTRIFUGE FINE COAL: 12 -- 18 %18 %4.4. FILTERED FINE COAL : 18 FILTERED FINE COAL : 18 -- 24 % 24 %

CONVERSION PROCESS BY UBCSOURCE : Tekmira

Berau Taban Samarangau West Banko BunyuParameterRaw UBC Raw UBC Raw UBC Raw UBC Raw UBC

Total Moisture, % ar 17.56 - 33.75 - 33.98 - 25.32 - 37.87 -Moist. after Process, % adb - 0.82 - 1 - 0.92 - 0.71 1.71

Equilibrium Moist, % - 5.08 - 6.96 - 7.48 - 6.50 -13.6

1

Inherent Moist, % adb 16.13 1.52 15.35 0.98 22.04 1.21 17.09 1.88 17.41 4.12

Ash, % adb 6.36 6.81 4.42 3.93 3.34 3.38 3.64 3.81 3.98 4.41

Calorific Value

Gross, air dried, kcal/kg 5324 6805 5431 6625 4864 6407 5441 6916 4697 5752

Gross, dry, kcal/kg 6348 6910 6416 6691 6239 6485 6563 7049 5687 5999

Total sulfur, % adb 0.56 0.52 0.14 0.18 0.14 0.16 0.32 0.34 0.32 0.26

CALORIFIC VALUECALORIFIC VALUE

Losses ( or Gain) are estimately as approx 0.3 MJ/kg water for each 1 % of moistureor 71 kcal/kg of coal

Comparation of CVComparation of CVCoal seam Before Process After Process UBC

TM IM CV TM IM CV_______________________________________________________________________Taban 33.73 15.35 5431 18.35 15.35 6524 6625

Samarangau 33.98 22.04 4864 25.05 22.04 5499 6425

West Banko 25.32 17.09 5441 20.09 17.09 5812 6916

Bunyu 37.87 17.41 4697 20.41 17.41 5936 5752

HIGH CONTENT OF TOTAL MOISTURE IN THE HIGH CONTENT OF TOTAL MOISTURE IN THE COAL MIGHT BE CAUSED BY :COAL MIGHT BE CAUSED BY :

1. Coal sample is taken by hydraulic drilling2. Coal sample contains a lot of fine size

material 3. Condition of coal seam is wet

FREE MOISTUREFREE MOISTURE1.1. RUN OF MINE : 1 RUN OF MINE : 1 -- 3 %3 %2.2. WASHED SIZE COAL : 3 WASHED SIZE COAL : 3 -- 7 %7 %3.3. CENTRIFUGE FINE COAL: 12 CENTRIFUGE FINE COAL: 12 -- 18 %18 %4.4. FILTERED FINE COAL : 18 FILTERED FINE COAL : 18 -- 24 % 24 %

THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE FINE COALFINE COAL

1.1. TOTAL MOISTURE IN THE COAL IS INCREASEDTOTAL MOISTURE IN THE COAL IS INCREASED2.2. CALORIFIC VALUE IN THE COAL IS DECREASEDCALORIFIC VALUE IN THE COAL IS DECREASED3.3. FREE MOISTURE (RAIN OR SPRAY WATER) IS EASY FREE MOISTURE (RAIN OR SPRAY WATER) IS EASY

TO ABSORB BY FINE COAL BUT IT NEEDS TIME TO RE TO ABSORB BY FINE COAL BUT IT NEEDS TIME TO RE LEASE IT LEASE IT

4.4. DUSTY WHEN DRYDUSTY WHEN DRY5.5. IT MAKES SLUDGE OR COLLOID IN THE STOCKPILE IT MAKES SLUDGE OR COLLOID IN THE STOCKPILE

AREA WHEN WET AREA WHEN WET

PARTICLE SIZE REQUIREMENTPARTICLE SIZE REQUIREMENT

POWER PL SIZE > 50mm SIZE< 2.38mmPOWER PL SIZE > 50mm SIZE< 2.38mm1.1. Suralaya Unit 1Suralaya Unit 1--4 max 3 % max 25 % 4 max 3 % max 25 % 2.2. Suralaya Unit 5Suralaya Unit 5--7 max 3 % max 25 % 7 max 3 % max 25 % 3.3. AsamAsam--Asam Asam -- --4.4. Ombilin max 3 % max 20 %Ombilin max 3 % max 20 %5.5. Tanjung Jati B 92Tanjung Jati B 92--94 94 --6.6. Paiton PLN Paiton PLN -- --7.7. Paiton Energi Co. Paiton Energi Co. -- --8.8. Bukit Asam Bukit Asam -- --9.9. Tarahan Tarahan -- 3838--42 % 42 % 10.10. Cilacap Cilacap -- --

METHOD OF IMPROVING THE LOW METHOD OF IMPROVING THE LOW RANK COALRANK COAL

1. Sizing the coal by double deck screen of 50 mm and 3 mm opening

2. Coal particle of less than 3 mm should have separate stockpile

3. Eliminate the free moisture in the coal fines by drying and then briquetting to egg size using starch as binder.

4. Blend all coal briquettes with coal fraction of -50+3 mm as final coal product

ROM

PRIMARY CRUSHER

DOUBLE DECK VIBRATING SCREEN

-3 mm

FINE COAL STOCKPILE

-50+3 mm + 50 mm

DRYER

BRIQUETTE MACHINE

SECONDARY CRUSHER

BARGE

FINAL STOCKPILE

BRIQUETTE EGG SIZE

SIMPLE UPGRADING OF LRC

Product of LRC (having Inherent Product of LRC (having Inherent Moisture < 27 %) after Simple Treatment Moisture < 27 %) after Simple Treatment

1. Maximum Total Moisture is 30 %2. Calorific value will increase3. The amount of fine coal is very little4. Coal is not dusty5. It might be suitable for some boiler require-

ment6. Self combustion can be reduced or eliminated

CONCLUSSIONCONCLUSSION

1. Coal with IM < 27 % and TM > 30 %, can be improved by simple method or treatment to full fil the CV required by the Power Plant.

2. The method is much cheaper than the Conver-sion process

3. Coal with IM > 27 % is suitable for Mine Mouth Power Plant

4. Or it can be prepared for Conversion Process-es

THANK YOUTHANK YOU