A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE …vmpincel.ou.edu/download/publications/1637-6070-1-PB.pdfWaterfall (1973), Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993+), and Yatskievych

Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 13, December 2013

© Amy K. Buthod Journal compilation © 2013 Oklahoma Native Plant Society

A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE MARY K. OXLEY NATURE CENTER,

TULSA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA

Amy K. Buthod Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory Robert Bebb Herbarium University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019-0575 (405) 325-4034 Email: [email protected]

Keywords: flora, exotics, inventory

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the results of an inventory of the vascular flora of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. A total of 342 taxa from 75 families and 237 genera were collected from four main vegetation types. The families Asteraceae and Poaceae were the largest, with 49 and 42 taxa, respectively. Fifty-eight exotic taxa were found, representing 17% of the total flora. Twelve taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were present.

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this study was to

inventory the vascular plants of the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center (ONC) and to prepare a list and voucher specimens for Oxley personnel to use in education and outreach. Located within the 1,165.0 ha (2878 ac) Mohawk Park in northwestern Tulsa County (ONC headquarters located at 36°13’25.02”N 95°54’11.95”W; grounds include T20N R13E, parts of sections 10, 11, 14-16), ONC is operated by the City of Tulsa. The 325.4 ha (804 ac) Center includes over 14.5 km (9.0099 mi) of trails traversing forest, grassland, and wetland habitats.

ONC is located in the Claremore Cuesta Plains geomorphic province (Curtis et al. 2008). Quaternary sediments overlie Pennsylvanian bedrock (Johnson 2008). Soils belong to the Osage-Wynona association and are described as “deep and nearly level, poorly to somewhat poorly drained and loamy or clayey over loamy or

clayey sediment (USDA Soil Conservation Service 1977). Climate is Subtropical Humid, and summers are humid and warm with a mean July temperature of 27.5° C (81.5° F). Winters are mild and short with a mean January temperature of 1.5° C (34.7° F) (Trewartha 1968). Mean annual precipitation is 106.5 cm (41.929 in), with most occurring in the spring and fall (Oklahoma Climatological Survey 2013). Elevation ranges from 170.7 to 312.1 m (560.04 ft to 1024 ft). Potential natural vegetation for the area is tallgrass prairie and post oak-blackjack oak forest (Duck and Fletcher 1943).

METHODS

The ONC trail system was walked to

determine the major, generalized vegetation types that were present, and 11 collection areas (corresponding to the named trails) were established to represent these types. Sites were visited monthly from March

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Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 13, December 2013


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through September of 2010, with additional visits made in June and September of 2011. Two specimens of each taxa encountered were collected. Exotic taxa were only collected from naturalized populations. Specimens were processed following standard procedures and deposited at the Robert Bebb Herbarium at the University of Oklahoma (OKL) and at ONC.

Manuals used for specimen identification included Steyermark (1963), Waterfall (1973), Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993+), and Yatskievych (1999, 2006). The collections of the Robert Bebb Herbarium were consulted to confirm identifications. Origin (either native or exotic to North America), duration (annual, perennial, biennial), and growth habit (tree, shrub, subshrub, woody vine, forb, graminoid) were determined using the PLANTS Database (USDA-NRCS 2007) and Taylor and Taylor (1991). Nomenclature primarily follows the PLANTS Database. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, version 12 (Stevens 2001+), and the Flora of North America

North of Mexico (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993+) were also consulted to determine where the nomenclature/taxonomy differed from USDA-NRCS; these differences are noted in parentheses in the appendix.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A total of 342 vascular plant taxa

(including 23 infraspecific taxa) in 75 families and 237 genera were collected at ONC (Appendix). All were angiosperms, with 85 Liliopsida taxa and 257 Magnoliopsida (Table 1). Sixty-one taxa were trees, shrubs, subshrubs, or woody vines. The Asteraceae, with 49 taxa, and the Poaceae, with 42 taxa, were the largest families. The genus with the most taxa was Carex, with 12 taxa. There were 236 perennials, 103 annuals, and three biennials. ONC Director Eddie Reese (pers. comm.). has reported two additional taxa (Botrychium virginianum in the Ophioglossaceae and Juniperus virginiana in the Cupressaceae), but these were not collected by the author.

Table 1 Summary of floristic collections from the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center, Tulsa County, Oklahoma

Taxonomic Group Taxa Native Non-native

Pteridophyta 0 0 0

Coniferophyta 0 0 0

Magnoliophyta 342 284 58

Magnoliopsida 257 215 42

Liliopsida 85 69 16

Total 342 284 58



Fifty-eight exotic taxa were found, representing 17.0% of the total flora. This number is high when compared to surveys from other Oklahoma sites (Table 2), but is not surprising, given that ONC is in the Tulsa metropolitan area and receives many

visitors. The Poaceae and Fabaceae families had the greatest number of exotic taxa, with 14 and 8 taxa, respectively. Twelve taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2013) were present (Table 3).

Table 2 Comparison of the ONC site with other northeastern Oklahoma sites NA = information not available Study site Reference Size of site

(ha) Number of taxa found

Percentage of exotic taxa

Mary K. Oxley Nature Center, Tulsa County

This paper 1,165.0 342 17.0%

J.T. Nickel Family Nature and Wildlife Preserve, Cherokee County

Hoagland and Buthod 2008

6,070.0 597 12.1%

Camp Cherokee Boy Scout Camp, Ottawa County


NA 318 10.4%

Oklahoma Centennial Botanic Garden, Osage County


NA 293 15.0%

Will Rogers Boy Scout Camp, Pawnee County


64.7 338 8.0%

Keystone Wildlife Management Area, Creek, Pawnee and Osage Counties


6,475.0 + 380 15.0%

Chouteau Wildlife Management Area, Wagoner County

Hoagland and Johnson 2004

402.0 181 11.6%

Oologah Wildlife Management Area, Nowata County

Hoagland and Wallick 2003

5,226.0 470 9.0%

Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage County

Palmer 2007 15,410.0 1,612 12.1%



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Table 3 Vascular plant taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2013). Conservation ranks are based on a scale from one to five, with a one being critically imperiled. A G rank is the rank for the taxa at a global level, while an S rank is one for the taxa at a subnational (or state) level. T ranks are rankings for infraspecific taxa (NatureServe 2013). Taxa Family S Rank G Rank Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella Asteraceae S1 G5T5 Iodanthus pinnatifidus Brassicaceae S2 G5 Desmodium illinoense Fabaceae S3 G5 Desmodium pauciflorum Fabaceae S1 G5 Calycocarpum lyonii Menispermaceae S2 G5 Muhlenbergia bushii Poaceae S1 G5 Rumex verticillatus Polygonaceae S3 G5 Thalictrum revolutum Ranunculaceae S2 G5 Potentilla rivalis Rosaceae S1 G5 Dasistoma macrophylla Scrophulariaceae S3 G4 Smilax lasioneura Smilacaeae S2 G5 Urtica chamaedryoides Urticaceae S3 G4G5

Collection sites were located within four

vegetation types:

1. Mesic Forest [MF] ) (Figure 1) This type included the Sierra Club Trail

and the North Woods areas. Common taxa included Campanulastrum americanum, Cardamine concatenata, Cercis canadensis, Cornus drummondii, Diarrhena obovata, Diospyros virginiana, Erythronium albidum, Eutrochium purpureum, Lindera benzoin, Osmorhiza longistylis, Polygonatum biflorum, and Thalictrum revolutum. Dominant taxa included Carya cordiformis, Quercus muehlenbergii, and Q. shumardii. The most tracked taxa were found in this type.

2. Bottomland Forest [BF] (Figure 2)

This type included the Bird Creek, Green Dragon, and Red Fox trails. Common taxa included Acer negundo, A. saccharinum, Celtis laevigata, Cinna arundinacea, Elephantopus carolinianus, Quercus palustris, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Ulmus americana. Dominant taxa included Chasmanthium latifolium, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Ilex decidua.

3. Disturbed Herbaceous Vegetation [DHV] (Figure 3) This type included the Meadowlark

Prairie trail and various disturbed areas throughout ONC. Grassland elements, including Andropogon gerardii, Panicum virgatum, and Sorghastrum nutans, were present, as were more “weedy” taxa such as Amphiachyris dracunculoides, Carduus nutans, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Desmanthus illinoenesis, Iva annua, and Rhus glabra were dominant taxa. The greatest number of exotic taxa were found in this type.

4. Wetland and Aquatic Vegetation

[WAV] (Figure 4) This type included the Bird Creek,

Blackbird Marsh, Coal Creek, Flowline, and Nelson’s Oxbow trails, as well as the margins of Lake Sherry and Lake Yahola. Common taxa included Carex lupulina, Eleocharis obtusa, Juncus effusus, Justicia americana, Limnosciadium pinnatum, Ludwigia peploides, and Sagittaria graminea. Nelumbo lutea and Typha angustifolia were dominant taxa in this type.



Figure 1 Mesic forest in North Woods Loop at the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center, Tulsa County, Oklahoma

Figure 2 Bottomland forest habitat at the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center



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Figure 3 Disturbed herbaceous vegetation in Meadowlark Prairie at the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center

Figure 4 Wetland and aquatic vegetation in Nelson’s Oxbow at the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author would like to thank the Mary K. Oxley staff for allowing her access to the Center. Bruce Hoagland and Todd Fagin (Oklahoma Biological Survey/Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory/University of Oklahoma Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability) provided technical assistance. This work was funded by the Oklahoma Biological Survey.

LITERATURE CITED

Curtis, N.M., W.E. Ham, and K.S. Johnson. 2008. Geomorphic provinces of Oklahoma. In: Johnson, K.S. and K.V. Luza (editors). Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources of Oklahoma. Norman (OK): Oklahoma Geological Survey.

Duck, L.G. and J.B. Fletcher. 1943. A game type map of Oklahoma. In: Duck, L.G. and J.B. Fletcher (editors). A Survey of the Game and Furbearing Animals of Oklahoma. Oklahoma City (OK): Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (editors). 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York and Oxford.

Hoagland, B.W. and A.K. Buthod. 2008. The vascular flora of the J.T. Nickel Family Nature and Wildlife Preserve, Cherokee County, Oklahoma. Castanea 73(1):16–28.

Hoagland, B.W. and A.K. Buthod. 2008. The vascular flora of an Ozark plateau site, Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Southeastern Naturalist 7(4):581–594.

Hoagland, B.W. and A.K. Buthod. 2007. The vascular flora of the Oklahoma Centennial Botanic Garden site, Osage County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 7(1):54–66.

Hoagland, B.W. and A.K. Buthod. 2005. Vascular flora of a site along the Arkansas River, Pawnee County,

Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 5(1):61–72.

Hoagland, B.W. and A.K. Buthod. 2003. Vascular flora of the Keystone Wildlife Management Area, Creek, Pawnee, and Osage Counties, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 3(1):23–37.

Hoagland, B.W. and F. Johnson. 2004. Vascular flora of the Chouteau Wildlife Management Area, Wagoner County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 4(1):30–39.

Hoagland, B.W. and K. Wallick. 2003. Vascular flora of Oologah Wildlife Management Area in Nowata County, OK. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 83:47–62.

Johnson, K.S. 2008. Geologic map of Oklahoma. In: Johnson, K.S. and K.V. Luza (editors). Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources of Oklahoma. Norman (OK): Oklahoma Geological Survey.

Natureserve. 2013. NatureServe Explorer: An Online Encyclopedia of Life, version 7.0. Arlington (VA): NatureServe. (http://ww.natureserve.org/explorer accessed 1 July 2013).

Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2013. Oklahoma Climatological Data. Norman (OK): University of Oklahoma. (www.ocs.ou.edu accessed 28 June 2013).

Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. 2013. Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory Working List of Rare Oklahoma Plants. Norman (OK): University of Oklahoma. (www.biosurvey.ou.edu/publicat.html accessed 28 June 2013).

Palmer, M. W. 2007. The vascular flora of the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage County, Oklahoma. Castanea 72(4):235–246.

Steyermark, J.A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press.

Stevens, P.F. 2001+. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, version 12. St. Louis

http://ww.natureserve.org/explorer

http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/publicat.html



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(MO): Missouri Botanical Garden. (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ accessed 1 July 2013).

Taylor, R.J. and C.E.S. Taylor. 1991. An Annotated List of the Ferns, Fern Allies, Gymnosperms and Flowering Plants of Oklahoma. Durant (OK): Southeastern State University.

Trewartha, G.T. 1968. An Introduction to Climate. New York: McGraw-Hill.

USDA-NRCS. 2007. The PLANTS Database. Baton Rouge (LA): National Plant Data Center. (http://plants.usda.gov accessed 1 July 2013).

USDA Soil Conservation Service. 1977. Soil Survey of Tulsa County, Oklahoma. Washington (DC): United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.

Waterfall, U.T. 1973. Keys to the Flora of Oklahoma. Stillwater (OK): self-published.

Yatskievych, G. 1999. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri, Volume 1. St. Louis (MO): Missouri Botanical Garden Press.

Yatskievych, G. 2006. Steyermark’s Flora of Missouri, Volume 2. St. Louis (MO): Missouri Botanical Garden Press

.

http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/

http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/

http://plants.usda.gov/



APPENDIX List of Vascular Plant Taxa from the Mary K. Oxley Nature Center, Tulsa County, OK

The first entry is duration (A=annual, B=biennial, P=perennial), followed by growth habit (T=tree, S=shrub, SS=subshrub, V=woody vine, F=forb, G=graminoid), vegetation type (MF=mesic forest, BF=bottomland forest, DHV=disturbed herbaceous vegetation, WAV=wetland and aquatic vegetation) and collection number. If taxonomy differs from USDA-NRCS in the Flora of North America (FNA) or the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APW), it is noted in parentheses ( ). Exotic taxa are denoted with an asterisk (*). Taxa tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory are denoted with a dagger (†). Voucher specimens are deposited at the Robert Bebb Herbarium of the University of Oklahoma (OKL) and at Oxley Nature Center (ONC). Magnoliophyta

Magnoliopsida Acanthaceae Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. (branched foldwing); A; F; MF, BF; O-369 Justicia americana (L.) Vahl (American water-willow); P; F; WAV; O-120 Ruellia strepens L. (limestone wild petunia); P; F; DHV; O-106 Aceraceae Acer negundo L. (boxelder); P; T; BF; O-015; (APW:Sapindaceae) Acer saccharinum L. (silver maple); P; T; BF; O-230; (APW:Sapindaceae) Amaranthaceae Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer (roughfruit amaranth); A; F; DHV; O-336 Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. (Juda's bush); P; F; MF, BF; O-368 Anacardiaceae Rhus glabra L. (smooth sumac); P; S; DHV; O-133 Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (eastern poison ivy); P; V; MF, BF; O-033 Apiaceae Ammoselinum butleri (Engelm. ex S. Watson) J.M. Coult. & Rose (Butler's sandparsley); A; F; DHV;

O-165 Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. (hairyfruit chervil); A; F; MF, BF; O-019 Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. (Canadian honewort); P; F; MF; O-090 Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Mathias & Constance (tansy dogshade); A; F; WAV; O-114 Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. (longstyle sweetroot); P; F; MF; O-044 Sanicula canadensis L. (Canadian blacksnakeroot); B; F; MF; O-078 Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe (clustered blacksnakeroot); P; F; MF; O-077 *Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link (spreading hedgeparsley); A; F; DHV; O-381 Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch (golden zizia); P; F; MF; O-040 Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum L. (Indianhemp); P; F; DHV; O-129 *Vinca minor L. (common periwinkle); P; F; DHV; O-160



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Aquifoliaceae Ilex decidua Walter (possumhaw); P; S; MF, BF; O-030 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia tomentosa Sims (woolly dutchman's pipe); P; V; MF; O-319 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias incarnata L. (swamp milkweed); P; F; WAV; O-343; (APW:Apocynaceae) Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed); P; F; DHV; O-094; (APW:Apocynaceae) Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. (honeyvine); P; F; DHV; O-344; (APW:Apocynaceae) Matelea gonocarpos (Walter) Shinners (angularfruit milkvine); P; F; MF, BF; O-110;

(APW:Apocynaceae) Asteraceae Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Rob. var. altissima (white snakeroot); P; F; MF; O-410 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (annual ragweed); A; F; DHV; O-351 Ambrosia trifida L. (great ragweed); A; F; DHV; O-341 Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. (prairie broomweed); A; F; DHV; O-405 Bidens polylepis S.F. Blake (bearded beggarticks); A; F; WAV; O-421 Boltonia diffusa Elliott (smallhead doll's daisy); P; F; WAV; O-413 *Carduus nutans L. (nodding plumeless thistle); B; F; DHV; O-138 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill (tall thistle); B; F; DHV; O-225 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (Canadian horseweed); A; F; DHV; O-245 Conyza ramosissima Cronquist (dwarf horseweed); A; F; DHV; O-292 Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (golden tickseed); A; F; DHV; O-097 Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. (clasping coneflower); A; F; DHV; O-108;

(FNA:Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl) Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (eastern purple coneflower); P; F; DHV; O-251 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (false daisy); A; F; WAV; O-125 Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. (Carolina elephantsfoot); P; F; MF, BF; O-310 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (eastern daisy fleabane); A; F; DHV; O-150 Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus (Philadelphia fleabane); P; F; DHV; O-067 Eupatorium serotinum Michx. (lateflowering thoroughwort); P; F; DHV; O-332 Eutrochium purpureum (L.) E.E. Lamont var. purpureum (sweetscented joe pye weed); P; F; MF;

O-268a Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera (spoonleaf purple everlasting); P; F; DHV; O-099 Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke); P; F; MF; O-408 Iva annua L. (annual marshelder); A; F; DHV; O-315 Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) K.L. Chambers (weedy dwarfdandelion); A; F; DHV; O-053;

(FNA:Krigia cespitosa) Lactuca canadensis L. (Canada lettuce); A; F; DHV; O-269 Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. (woodland lettuce); A; F; MF; O-313 *Lactuca serriola L. (prickly lettuce); A; F; DHV; O-353 †Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung (blue lettuce); P; F; DHV; O-375;

(FNA:Mulgedium pulchellum (Pursh) G. Don) Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey (butterweed); A; F; BF; O-066 Packera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & Á. Löve (roundleaf ragwort); P; F; MF, BF; O-008



Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. (camphor pluchea); P; F; WAV; O-309 Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walter) DC. (Carolina desert-chicory); A; F; DHV; O-113 Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart (pinnate prairie coneflower); P; F; DHV; O-385 Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. (blackeyed Susan); P; F; DHV; O-121 Rudbeckia triloba L. var. triloba (browneyed Susan); P; F; MF; O-415 Silphium asteriscus L. var. asteriscus (starry rosinweed); P; F; DHV; O-271 Silphium perfoliatum L. var. perfoliatum (cup plant); P; F; MF; O-235 Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mackenzie ex Small (hairy leafcup); P; F; MF; O-350;

(FNA:Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Small) Solidago gigantea Aiton (giant goldenrod); P; F; DHV; O-373 Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula Torr. & A. Gray (showy goldenrod); P; F; DHV; O-293 Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia (elmleaf goldenrod); P; F; MF; O-306 *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (spiny sowthistle); A; F; DHV; O-147 Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom (common blue wood aster); P; F; MF; O-419 Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom (white panicle aster); P; F; MF; O-423 Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G.L. Nesom (eastern annual saltmarsh aster); A; F; DHV, WAV;

O-305 *Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. (common dandelion); P; F; DHV; O-025 Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney (wingstem); P; F; MF; O-374 Verbesina virginica L. (white crownbeard); P; F; MF; O-327 Vernonia baldwinii Torr. (Baldwin's ironweed); P; F; DHV; O-220 Xanthium strumarium L. (rough cocklebur); A; F; WAV; O-406 Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau (trumpet creeper); P; V; MF, BF; O-236 Boraginaceae *Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston (corn gromwell); A; F; DHV; O-047 *Heliotropium indicum L. (Indian heliotrope); A; F; WAV; O-328 Myosotis verna Nutt. (spring forget-me-not); A; F; BF; O-070 Brassicaceae *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (shepherd's purse); A; F; DHV; O-012 Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. (cutleaf toothwort); P; F; MF; O-009 *Cardamine hirsuta L. (hairy bittercress); A; F; BF, DHV; O-018 Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. (Pennsylvania bittercress); P; F; DHV; O-188 †Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. (purplerocket); P; F; MF; O-058 Lepidium virginicum L. (Virginia pepperweed); A; F; DHV; O-172 Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. palustris (bog yellowcress); A; F; WAV; O-418 Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. (stalkless yellowcress); A; F; BF; O-071 Campanulaceae Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small (American bellflower); A; F; MF; O-233 Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene (small Venus' looking-glass); A; F; DHV; O-100 Cannabaceae *Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. (Japanese hop); P; F; MF; O-349



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Caprifoliaceae *Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Japanese honeysuckle); P; V; MF, BF; O-380 Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli (common elderberry); P; S; MF; O-111;

(APW:Adoxaceae) Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench (coralberry); P; S; MF; O-201 Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (rusty blackhaw); P; S; MF; O-054; (APW:Adoxaceae) Caryophyllaceae *Arenaria serpyllifolia L. (thymeleaf sandwort); A; F; DHV; O-098 *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. (sticky chickweed); A; F; DHV; O-170 Sagina decumbens (Elliott) Torr. & Gray ssp. decumbens (trailing pearlwort); A; F; DHV; O-168 Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton (widowsfrill); P; F; MF; O-112 *Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (common chickweed); A; F; DHV; O-022 Celastraceae Celastrus scandens L. (American bittersweet); P; V; MF; O-266 *Euonymus kiautschovicus Loes. (creeping strawberry bush); P; S; MF; O-378 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. (lambsquarters); A; F; DHV; O-416; (APW:Amaranthaceae) Clusiaceae Hypericum punctatum Lam. (spotted St. Johnswort); P; F; DHV; O-217; (APW:Hypericaceae) Convolvulaceae Ipomoea lacunosa L. (whitestar); A; F; DHV; O-321 Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. Mey. (man of the earth); P; F; MF; O-264 Cornaceae Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. (roughleaf dogwood); P; T; MF; O-032 Crassulaceae Penthorum sedoides L. (ditch stonecrop); P; F; WAV; O-243; (APW:Penthoraceae) Cucurbitaceae Melothria pendula L. (Guadeloupe cucumber); P; F; DHV; O-242 Cuscutaceae Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Schult. (scaldweed); P; F; DHV; O-393; (APW:Convolvulaceae) Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. (common persimmon); P; T; MF; O-057 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Virginia threeseed mercury); A; F; BF; O-399 Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small (eyebane); A; F; DHV; O-314 Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small (prostrate sandmat); A; F; DHV; O-250 Croton glandulosus L. (vente conmigo); A; F; DHV; O-407



*Euphorbia davidii Subils (David's spurge); A; F; DHV; O-346 Euphorbia dentata Michx. (toothed spurge); A; F; MF; O-316 Fabaceae *Albizia julibrissin Durazz. (silktree); P; T; MF; O-311 Amorpha fruticosa L. (desert false indigo); P; S; WAV; O-357 Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald (American hogpeanut); A; F; MF; O-382 Apios americana Medik. (groundnut); P; F; WAV; O-234 Cercis canadensis L. (eastern redbud); P; T; MF; O-042 Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene (sleepingplant); A; F; DHV; O-240 Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald (prairie bundleflower); P; F; DHV;

O-237 †Desmodium illinoense A. Gray (Illinois ticktrefoil); P; F; DHV; O-329 Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. (panicledleaf ticktrefoil); P; F; MF; O-105 †Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. (fewflower ticktrefoil); P; F; MF; O-261 Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch (Kentucky coffeetree); P; F; MF; O-203 *Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino (Korean clover); A; F; DHV; O-355 *Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don (Chinese lespedeza); P; F; DHV; O-294 Lespedeza repens (L.) W.P.C. Barton (creeping lespedeza); P; F; MF; O-318 *Medicago lupulina L. (black medick); A; F; DHV; O-426 *Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. (yellow sweetclover); A; F; DHV; O-134 Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust); P; T; BF; O-387 Senna marilandica (L.) Link (Maryland senna); P; F; WAV; O-320 Sesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh (bigpod sesbania); A; F; WAV; O-325 Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott (amberique-bean); A; F; DHV; O-345 *Trifolium campestre Schreb. (field clover); A; F; DHV; O-088 *Trifolium repens L. (white clover); P; F; DHV; O-080 *Vicia sativa L. (garden vetch); A; F; DHV; O-173 *Vicia villosa Roth ssp. varia (Host) Corb. (winter vetch); A; F; DHV; O-128 Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (bur oak); P; T; MF, BF; O-300 Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. (chinkapin oak); P; T; MF; O-267a Quercus palustris Münchh. (pin oak); P; T; BF; O-273 Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak); P; T; MF; O-298 Quercus shumardii Buckley (Shumard's oak); P; T; MF; O-301 Fumariaceae Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. (yellow fumewort); A; F; BF; O-020; (FNA:Papaveraceae) Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum L. (Carolina geranium); A; F; DHV; O-162 *Geranium pusillum L. (small geranium); A; F; DHV; O-061 Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (bitternut hickory); P; T; MF; O-063 Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (pecan); P; T; MF, BF; O-048 Juglans nigra L. (black walnut); P; T; MF; O-358



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Lamiaceae *Lamium amplexicaule L. (henbit deadnettle); A; F; DHV; O-024 *Lamium purpureum L. (purple deadnettle); A; F; DHV; O-016 Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton (American water horehound); P; F; WAV; O-222 Monarda fistulosa L. (wild bergamot); P; F; DHV; O-383 *Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (beefsteakplant); A; F; MF; O-359 Prunella vulgaris L. (common selfheal); P; F; MF; O-118 Scutellaria lateriflora L. (blue skullcap); P; F; BF; O-409 Stachys tenuifolia Willd. (smooth hedgenettle); P; F; BF; O-249 Teucrium canadense L. (Canada germander); P; F; WAV; O-210 Lauraceae Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume (northern spicebush); P; S; MF, BF; O-014 Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba L. (humped bladderwort); P; F; WAV; O-255 Lythraceae Ammannia auriculata Willd. (eared redstem); A; F; WAV; O-254 Lythrum alatum Pursh (winged lythrum); P; F; WAV; O-259 Malvaceae Callirhoe papaver (Cav.) A. Gray (woodland poppymallow); P; F; MF; O-117 Hibiscus laevis All. (halberdleaf rosemallow); P; F; WAV; O-256 Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav. (rosemallow); P; F; WAV; O-246 Sida spinosa L. (prickly fanpetals); A; F; DHV; O-425 Menispermaceae †Calycocarpum lyonii (Pursh) A. Gray (cupseed); P; V; MF; O-115 Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. (Carolina coralbead); P; V; MF, BF; O-390 Menispermum canadense L. (common moonseed); P; V; MF, BF; O-223 Molluginaceae Mollugo verticillata L. (green carpetweed); A; F; DHV; O-244 Moraceae Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. (osage orange); P; T; BF; O-339 *Morus alba L. (white mulberry); P; T; MF; O-389 Morus rubra L. (red mulberry); P; T; MF, BF; O-303 Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo lutea Willd. (American lotus); P; F; WAV; O-229 Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. (white ash); P; T; MF, BF; O-265 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall (green ash); P; T; BF; O-051 *Ligustrum vulgare L. (European privet); P; S; MF, BF; O-267



Onagraceae Gaura longiflora Spach (longflower beeblossom); A; F; DHV; O-352 Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven (floating primrose-willow); P; F; WAV; O-278 Oenothera villosa Thunb. (hairy evening-primrose); P; F; DHV; O-348 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. (creeping woodsorrel); P; F; DHV; O-164 Oxalis dillenii Jacq. (slender yellow woodsorrel); P; F; MF; O-089 Passifloraceae Passiflora incarnata L. (purple passionflower); P; F; DHV; O-241 Passiflora lutea L. (yellow passionflower); P; F; MF, BF; O-107 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. var. americana (American pokeweed); P; F; MF; O-131 Plantaginaceae *Plantago lanceolata L. (narrowleaf plantain); P; F; DHV; O-296 Plantago rugelii Decne. (blackseed plantain); P; F; MF, DHV; O-127 Plantago virginica L. (Virginia plantain); A; F; DHV; O-119 Polemoniaceae Phlox divaricata L. (wild blue phlox); P; F; MF, BF; O-065 Polygonaceae *Polygonum aviculare L. (prostrate knotweed); A; F; DHV; O-417 Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (swamp smartweed); P; F; WAV; O-274; (FNA:Persicaria

hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small) Polygonum lapathifolium L. (curlytop knotweed); A; F; WAV; O-295; (FNA:Persicaria lapathifolia

(L.) Gray) Polygonum pensylvanicum L. (Pennsylvania smartweed); A; F; WAV; O-297; (FNA:Persicaria

pensylvanica (L.) M. Gómez) Polygonum punctatum Elliott (dotted smartweed); A; F; WAV; O-219; (FNA:Persicaria punctata (Elliott)

Small) Polygonum tenue Michx. (pleatleaf knotweed); A; F; DHV; O-126 Polygonum virginianum L. (jumpseed); P; F; MF; O-212; (FNA:Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn.) Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood (pale dock); P; F; WAV; O-046 *Rumex crispus L. (curly dock); P; F; DHV; O-079 †Rumex verticillatus L. (swamp dock); P; F; WAV; O-181 Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica L. (Virginia springbeauty); P; F; DHV; O-005; (APW:Montiaceae) Ranunculaceae Clematis pitcheri Torr. & A. Gray (bluebill); P; V; BF; O-248 *Clematis terniflora DC. var. terniflora (sweet autumn virginsbower); P; F; BF; O-403;

(FNA:Clematis terniflora DC.) Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. (rock buttercup); P; F; DHV; O-163



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Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus (cursed buttercup); A; F; BF; O-069 †Thalictrum revolutum DC. (waxyleaf meadow-rue); P; F; MF; O-109 Rosaceae Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. (soft agrimony); P; F; MF; O-257 Crataegus viridis L. (green hawthorn); P; T; BF; O-179 Geum canadense Jacq. (white avens); P; F; MF; O-139 Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gray (spring avens); P; F; BF; O-068 †Potentilla rivalis Nutt. (brook cinquefoil); P; F; WAV; O-384 Prunus hortulana L.H. Bailey (hortulan plum); P; T; BF; O-184 Prunus mexicana S. Watson (Mexican plum); P; T; BF; O-095 Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry); P; T; BF; O-140 *Pyrus calleryana Decne. (Callery pear); P; T; BF; O-331 *Pyrus communis L. (common pear); P; T; MF; O-010 Rosa setigera Michx. (climbing rose); P; V; MF; O-101 Rubus argutus Link (sawtooth blackberry); P; SS; DHV; O-182 Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (common buttonbush); P; S; WAV; O-205 *Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. (piedmont bedstraw); A; F; DHV; O-060 Galium aparine L. (stickywilly); A; F; DHV; O-037 Galium circaezans Michx. (licorice bedstraw); P; F; MF, BF; O-149 Houstonia pusilla Schoepf (tiny bluet); A; F; DHV; O-004 *Sherardia arvensis L. (blue fieldmadder); A; F; DHV; O-059 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. (common pricklyash); P; S; MF; O-299 Salicaceae Salix nigra Marshall (black willow); P; T; WAV; O-178 Sapotaceae Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. ssp. lanuginosum (gum bully); P; T; BF; O-324 Scrophulariaceae †Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. (mullein foxglove); A; F; MF; O-258; (APW:Orobanchaceae) Gratiola neglecta Torr. (clammy hedgehyssop); A; F; WAV; O-072; (APW:Plantaginaceae) Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell (yellowseed false pimpernel); A; F; DHV; O-253; (APW:Linderniaceae) Mimulus alatus Aiton (sharpwing monkeyflower); P; F; WAV; O-238; (APW:Phyrmaceae) *Veronica arvensis L. (corn speedwell); A; F; DHV; O-171; (APW:Plantaginaceae) Veronica peregrina L. (neckweed); A; F; DHV; O-174; (APW:Plantaginaceae) *Veronica polita Fri. (gray field speedwell); A; F; BF; O-003; (APW:Plantaginaceae) Solanaceae Physalis angulata L. (cutleaf groundcherry); A; F; DHV; O-333 Physalis longifolia Nutt. (longleaf groundcherry); P; F; DHV; O-342 Solanum americanum P. Mill. (American black nightshade); P; F; BF; O-400 Solanum carolinense L. (Carolina horsenettle); P; F; DHV; O-103



Ulmaceae Celtis laevigata Willd. (sugarberry); P; T; MF, BF; O-183 Ulmus americana L. (American elm); P; T; BF; O-002 Ulmus rubra Muhl. (slippery elm); P; T; BF; O-036 Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. (smallspike false nettle); P; F; MF; O-202 Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell (Canadian woodnettle); P; F; MF; O-260 †Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh (heartleaf nettle); A; F; MF; O-006 Valerianaceae Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. (beaked cornsalad); A; F; DHV; O-038; (APW:Caprifoliaceae) Verbenaceae Phryma leptostachya L. (American lopseed); P; F; MF; O-231; (APW:Phrymaceae) Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene (lanceleaf fogfruit); P; F; WAV; O-086 Verbena urticifolia L. (white vervain); P; F; MF; O-228 Violaceae Viola bicolor Pursh (field pansy); A; F; DHV; O-001 Viola missouriensis Greene (Missouri violet); P; F; BF; O-169 Viola pubescens Aiton var. pubescens (downy yellow violet); P; F; MF; O-062 Viola sororia Willd. (common blue violet); P; F; MF, BF; O-017 Vitaceae Ampelopsis cordata Michx. (heartleaf peppervine); P; V; MF, BF; O-136 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Virginia creeper); P; V; MF, BF; O-360 Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard (graybark grape); P; V; MF, BF; O-082 Vitis vulpina L. (frost grape); P; V; MF; O-155

Liliopsida

Alismataceae Alisma subcordatum Raf. (American water plantain); P; F; WAV; O-211 Sagittaria graminea Michx. (grassy arrowhead); P; F; WAV; O-277 Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm. (delta arrowhead); P; F; WAV; O-388 Araceae Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott (green dragon); P; F; MF; O-116 Commelinaceae Commelina erecta L. (whitemouth dayflower); P; F; DHV; O-322 Cyperaceae Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. (shortbeak sedge); P; G; DHV; O-192 Carex caroliniana Schwein. (Carolina sedge); P; G; WAV; O-186 Carex cherokeensis Schwein. (Cherokee sedge); P; G; BF; O-189 Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. (Davis' sedge); P; G; BF; O-200 Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. (limestone meadow sedge); P; G; DHV; O-177 Carex hyalinolepis Steud. (shoreline sedge); P; G; BF; O-195



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Carex leavenworthii Dewey (Leavenworth's sedge); P; G; DHV; O-197 Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. (hop sedge); P; G; WAV; O-159 Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. muehlenbergii (Muhlenberg's sedge); P; G; DHV; O-166 Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. (reflexed sedge); P; G; DHV; O-193 Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. var. scoparia (broom sedge); P; G; WAV; O-154 Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. var. sangamonensis Clokey (blunt broom sedge); P; G; WAV; O-085 Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. (tapertip flatsedge); P; G; WAV; O-073 Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood (globe flatsedge); P; G; DHV; O-209 Cyperus strigosus L. (strawcolored flatsedge); P; G; DHV, WAV; O-275 Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. (blunt spikerush); A; G; WAV; O-213 Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. (common spikerush); P; G; WAV; O-398 Iridaceae Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. (narrowleaf blue-eyed grass); P; F; DHV; O-052 Juncaceae Juncus acuminatus Michx. (tapertip rush); P; G; WAV; O-158 Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. (whiteroot rush); P; G; WAV; O-075 Juncus diffusissimus Buckl. (slimpod rush); P; G; WAV; O-074 Juncus effusus L. (common rush); P; G; WAV; O-135 Juncus interior Wiegand (inland rush); P; G; DHV, WAV; O-087 Juncus tenuis Willd. (poverty rush); P; G; DHV; O-152 Lemnaceae Lemna minor L. (common duckweed); P; F; WAV; O-280; (APW:Araceae) Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. (common duckmeat); P; F; WAV; O-279; (APW:Araceae) Wolffia columbiana Karst. (Columbian watermeal); P; F; WAV; O-281; (APW:Araceae) Liliaceae Allium canadense L. (meadow garlic); P; F; DHV; O-124; (APW:Amaryllidaceae) Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory (Atlantic camas); P; F; DHV; O-064; (APW:Asparagaceae) Erythronium albidum Nutt. (white fawnlily); P; F; MF; O-007; (APW:Liliaceae) *Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. (creeping liriope); P; F; MF; O-204; (APW:Asparagaceae) Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton (crowpoison); P; F; DHV; O-026; (APW:Amaryllidaceae) Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott (smooth Solomon's seal); P; F; MF; O-045; (APW:Asparagaceae) Poaceae Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem); P; G; DHV; O-227 Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. (giant cane); P; G; BF; O-302 Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb. (silver bluestem); P; G; DHV; O-371 *Bromus catharticus Vahl (rescuegrass); A; G; DHV; O-029 Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. (hairy woodland brome); P; G; MF, BF; O-076 *Bromus racemosus L. (bald brome); A; G; DHV; O-122 *Bromus sterilis L. (poverty brome); A; G; DHV; O-081 Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates (Indian woodoats); P; G; MF, BF; O-207 Cinna arundinacea L. (sweet woodreed); P; G; BF; O-326 *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bermudagrass); P; G; DHV; O-304 Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg (obovate beakgrain); P; G; MF; O-215



Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould (softleaf rosette grass); P; G; MF; O-148 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler (southern crabgrass); A; G; DHV; O-268 *Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (jungle rice); A; G; DHV; O-347 Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fernald (rough barnyardgrass); A; G; DHV, WAV; O-218 *Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (Indian goosegrass); A; G; DHV; O-239 Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. (hairy wildrye); P; G; MF; O-144 Elymus virginicus L. (Virginia wildrye); P; G; MF, BF; O-224 *Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen (stinkgrass); A; G; DHV; O-376 Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (teal lovegrass); A; G; WAV; O-307 Eragrostis lugens Ness (morning lovegrass); P; G; DHV; O-370 *Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. (Indian lovegrass); A; G; DHV; O-252 Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev (nodding fescue); P; G; MF; O-083 Hordeum pusillum Nutt. (little barley); A; G; DHV; O-028 †Muhlenbergia bushii Pohl (nodding muhly); P; G; BF; O-414 Panicum anceps Michx. (beaked panicgrass); P; G; MF, WAV; O-206 Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (fall panicgrass); A; G; DHV; O-356 Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees (redtop panicgrass); P; G; WAV; O-334 Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass); P; G; DHV; O-226 *Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (dallisgrass); P; G; DHV; O-157 Paspalum floridanum Michx. (Florida paspalum); P; G; DHV; O-354 *Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass); A; G; DHV; O-021 *Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass); P; G; DHV; O-198 Poa sylvestris A. Gray (woodland bluegrass); P; G; MF; O-050 *Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. (meadow fescue); P; G; DHV; O-102 Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen (marsh bristlegrass); P; G; DHV; O-221 *Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. (yellow foxtail); A; G; DHV; O-372 Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Indiangrass); P; G; DHV; O-323 *Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass); P; G; DHV; O-208 Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. (purpletop tridens); P; G; DHV; O-270 Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash (longspike tridens); P; G; DHV; O-420 Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (eastern gamagrass); P; G; DHV; O-137 Smilacaceae Smilax bona-nox L. (saw greenbrier); P; V; MF, BF; O-091 †Smilax lasioneura Hook. (Blue Ridge carrionflower); P; V; MF; O-093 Smilax rotundifolia L. (roundleaf greenbrier); P; V; BF; O-185 Smilax tamnoides L. (bristly greenbrier); P; V; MF, BF; O-056 Typhaceae *Typha angustifolia L. (narrowleaf cattail); P; F; WAV; O-156

Documents

A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE …vmpincel.ou.edu/download/publications/1637-6070-1-PB.pdfWaterfall (1973), Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1993+), and Yatskievych