Immigration&

Migration

News

Photo Essays:

Italian Immigrants Convicted of Brutal Murder and Robbery: Marguerite VanDenburgh (pg. 14)

Immigrants Flood to Ellis Island:! Hunter Williams ! ! (pg. 18)

Iconic People That Were Influential During the Great Migration:! Jacob Randolph! ! (pg. 12)

Presidents Assist in Immigration Problems:! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 16)

African Americans Influence Cultural Change During Harlem Renaissance:! Lucy Bryan! ! (pg. 10)

News Articles:

Debate Over Illegal Immigrants Using Public School Reaches New Height:! Marguerite VanDenburgh ! ! (pg. 5)

Does Immigration Affect the American Economy?:! Jacob Randolph ! ! (pg. 7)

Protests Take Place Over Immigration:! Hunter Williams! ! (pg. 3)

Obama Broke His First Run’s Promise! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 9)

Evacuees Return to New Orleans After HurricaneKatrina:! Lucy Bryan! ! (pg. 2)

Photo Essays:Charlie Chapman Wows in The Immigrant: Marguerite VanDenburgh (pg. 24)Ellis Island Affects America’s View on Immigration! Hunter Williams! ! (pg. 28)

Migrations That Affected America:! Jacob Randolph! ! (pg. 36)Randy Road’s Died in Plane Crash! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 40)

Louis Armstrong Changes Jazz Forever:! Lucy Bryan ! ! (pg. 31)

First Crossing Relates to All Audiences:! Marguerite VanDenburgh ! ! (pg. 23)

Book Reviews:

Boy From Ireland Book Review:! Hunter Williams! ! (pg. 26)

Illegal: Making a Run for the Border:! Jacob Randolph! ! (pg. 38)Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance Book Review! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 42)

Harlem Stomp! Looks Back on Harlem Renaissance! Lucy Bryan! ! (pg. 27)

News Section

Table of Contents: Migration & Immigration

Arts Section

Pg. 1

Evacuees Return to New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina

By: Lucy BryanHurr icane Kat r ina h i t New

Orleans, Louisiana on August 23, 2005,

and thousands of the city’s residents had

already evacuated to places further inland

in the United States. When the storm

ended on August 30, 2005, people began

to come back into the city. Some

evacuees have yet to return to the city,

and there are varying reasons as to why.

The people that have not returned to the

city are most likely not coming back for

one or more of the following reasons:

race, social or economic class, education,

damage to their property, or job

availability.

The amount of damage done to

someone’s property also made a large

impact on moving back into the city. If

people’s homes or businesses were

destroyed by the harsh winds and rains of

the storm, it was hard for them to return

to New Orleans and face the damage.

Driving by destroyed buildings and debris

was difficult for New Orleans citizens for

two reasons: they knew they would have

to repair what was left of their property,

and they were seeing their home town

destroyed, some areas beyond repair.

The horrific damage caused by Hurricane

Katrina kept the population away from

New Orleans for financial and emotional

purposes.

One neighborhood that was

devastatingly damaged was the Lower

Ninth Ward. With the amount of damage

done to that neighborhood, it was very

hard for people living there before the

storm to return. The Lower Ninth Ward

was an impoverished neighborhood

before Hurricane Katrina hit; and after the

storm, 80% of the area was underwater.

Many of the area’s residents could not

move back into the city due to destroyed

homes or due to an increased rent. Many

homes in the neighborhood were

destroyed and the majority of the owners

could not afford to rebuild their residence,

or buy a new one, so they stayed out of

the city. Other times, landlords would

increase the rent to be paid on a home

after the storm, and the tenant could not

pay the new rent. There has been little

SEE: EVACUEES RETURN, PG. 20Pg. 2

Immigration in America

Leading to Different Sided

ProtestsBy: Hunter Williams

Did you know that there are people

protesting immigration issues and illegal

immigrants in America right now. There

are many reasons why people are

protesting immigration in the United

states. Some protests are about

deportation and problems that surround

i t . One of the problems is that

deportation can lead to the separation of

families. Other protests are about

random check ups on immigration status

papers for people who seem suspicious

of possibly being illegal immigrants, and

some are about recent news for arrests

dealing with immigration.

On April 30, 2014, people in

Washington protested deportation of

illegal immigrants. One of the reasons

for the protest was because these

people did not want to see families split

up due to deportation. Many of the

protesters there had a personal

experience with this situation. Elias

Gonzales, a 15 year old at the rally, was

separated from his parents at a young

age due with his younger brothers and

sisters due to deportation said, "I lost my

childhood, but I'm protesting not just for

me but so that deportations don't

continue separating other families." The

protest surrounded the capital and

continued on all day, pressuring Obama

and his Congress to take action.

Eventually the protesters were arrested.

Obama later made a statement saying

that he would take the high and unfair

a m o u n t o f d e p o r t a t i o n s i n t o

considerat ion and then do more

r e s e a r c h o n h o w t o m a k e t h e

deportations more just.

Another recent news event was

the protest of a hundred people in

Phoenix about check-ups on possible

illegal immigrants. The people were

protesting over Jan Brewer’s decision as

to whether she would sign to the bill

about the check-ups.

Many of the protests are for

deportation, on the basis that it is unjust,

Pg. 3

but some people have different opinions.

Some people are entirely for anti-

immigration.

In America there are people who

bel ieve ent i re ly in depor t ing a l l

immigrants and these people have

formed groups. These hate groups are

vigilantes and will confront and harass

immigrants that they spot. These groups

started in America in the 1920’s when

immigrant levels began to rise and the

groups grew in the 1919’s. These people

would talk to others using racist

propaganda to convince them to join

their groups, one idea that they would

discuss is a plan called “Plan de Aztlan.”

This plan stated that immigrants were

going to take over Southwest America.

These groups still exist today and protest

about immigration. The groups like these

go against what others protest for. Some

people believe that deportation is unfair

because it splits families, but anti-

immigrant groups believe that all

immigrants should be deported.

Both s ides of immigrat ion

protesters believe their side is correct,

but the governments decides who they

will listen to.

️Start your day in a happy way!

With Organic Valley milkBy: Lucy Bryan and Claire Morrison

Pg. 4

Debate Over Illegal Immigrants Using Public School Reaches New Height

By: Marguerite VanDenburgh

On June 15th, 1982 the United

States Supreme Court overruled a

Texas court’s decision that child illegal

immigrants should not have the right to

a free public school education. The

State of Texas approved a law allowing

public schools to deny child illegal

immigrants access to their programs

and allowing public schools to charge

illegal immigrant families for tuition,

infuriating many families. Before

heading to the Supreme Court, the

Tyler Independent School District and

the state of Texas met in court several

times. The Tyler Independent School

District sued the state of Texas,

claiming the law violated the 14th

amendment.

All unidentified illegal alien

children and the Tyler Independent

School District served as the plaintiff.

The Tyler Independent School District

claimed the new law discriminated

against children who did not have

control of their legal and immigration

status and was simply unfair. The

school district also claimed the law

violated the Equal Protection Clause,

wh ich i s i nc luded i n t he 14 th

amendment. The Tyler Independent

District lost the case, but choose to

appeal several times.

Texas served as the defendant in

the largely publicized case. The state of

Texas argued that Texas should not be

responsible for illegal immigrants. The

state included in its argument that

taxpayers should not have to pay for

children to go to school that are not

citizens of the United States. The

defense claimed that charging families

tuition, who were not paying taxes, was

just. The defense also claimed that

$1,000 was an appropriate, reasonable

cost for tuition. Texas felt that it was not

responsible for illegal alien children and

the children did not deserve the right to

a free education.

The case reached the United

States Supreme Court, on December 1st,

1981 and after several appeals. On June

15th, 1982, the majority decided that yes,

Pg. 5

the law passed by the state was unjust

and did violate the 14th amendment

and the Equal Protection Clause.

Judge Brennan gave the statement for

the majority. The majority agreed that

children are not responsible for their

immigration or legal status, all children

deserved the right to a proper and

public education and no one should be

denied of anything solely based on the

person’s immigration status. In the

landmark case, the United States

Supreme Court gave the right to an

free education to all children, whether

illegal aliens or not and lifted the

burden of public school tuition to illegal

immigrant families.

Pg. 6

In need of a break? A good dance? Some live

music? A place to forget your problems?

Come to the Cotton Club in Harlem to hear jazz music and for the perfect place to party!

By: Lucy Bryan

~Featuring Duke Ellington and other live jazz musicians

~Dinner: $1.50

Made fresh every day!

By: Claire Morrison

Does Immigration Affect the American Economy?

By: Jacob Randolph

For the past 24 years, the question, “Do

immigrants really affect the American

economy?” has arised. The answer to that

question is yes, but how would immigrants

affect the economy; positively or negatively?

The answer is positively. Immigrants affect

the economy in ways such as creating more

jobs, keeping the price of products down,

replacing retirees, increasing innovation,

and being a source for more taxpayer

money.

Everybody thinks

that when immigrants

enter America they are depriving citizens of

jobs. Actually, Immigrants tend to create

more jobs when they enter the United

States. Immigrants have to make money

eventually, so they are more likely to go out

and start their own company. When running

a company it is necessary to have

employees be the backbone to make the

company function. With the necessity of

those jobs, this opens up slots for other

citizens whether it be high-skilled or non-

skilled jobs. Immigrant based jobs will also

be more likely to trade and do work with

their native land. Immigrants also play the

role that they replace American retirees’

jobs. Once people retire or leave there is a

gap and that position needs to be filled. The

job can be filled by a skilled immigrant, or

someone can be promoted to do the job and

the immigrant can take the non-skilled job.

Immigrants make and fill jobs therefore

reducing the unemployment rate in America,

helping other companies, and decreasing

poverty.

When Immigrants enter

America they don’t just get

paid and not taxed. Immigrants

get taxed just like other regular

Americans. This gives America a larger

supply of taxpayers thus leading to a better

America. With the more money Americans

can create more necessary things for

America such as buildings and roadways.

The money the government get from

taxpayers can lead us to more innovative

ways such as less expensive ways or

energy efficient ways. This can also lead to

better technology and a safer world. With

more taxpayer money Americans can be

“Do Immigrants really affect the American

Economy?”

Pg. 7

adventurous and experiment with

technology leading to a more innovative

world.

Immigrants might not seem like they

help with sales of products but they do.

Immigrants help reduce the price of

goods. Immigrants help reduce the prices

because if there are more people,

distributors don’t have to raise the price of

products so much to make a profit. This

would mean that for all people buying

goods they wouldn’t have to spend as

much money because it is all evenly

distributed throughout the people.

Immigrants help everyone in the country

because everybody has to buy goods to

survive.

Immigrants happen to impact our

e c o n o m y m o r e t h a n e x p e c t e d .

Immigrants impact our economy by

creat ing more jobs which reduce

unemployment rates. Immigrants also

increase innovation because they have to

pay taxes which is more money that

Americans can experiment with. There

are various reasons of how immigrants

affect our economy positively. Overall

immigrants are very important to our

economy because of how they affect

America’s citizens in a positive way.

The Nature of the evoSPEED Blink and They’ll be Gone

By: Jacob Randolph

Pg. 8

President Barack Obama First Run’s Failed Promise

By: Claire Morrison

Obama promised to have a

compatible immigration system set up

with in his first year. Though not

everyone remembered this promise,

the people who did remember were

e x t r e m e l y

upset by his

failed promise.

Many of these

peop le were

i m m i g r a n t s

t h e m s e l v e s .

They started

protests, where

they held up

signs that said “Immigrant rights are

Civil Rights” or “You guaranteed us

Obama!” and marched around

Washington D.C. Obama has tried

many ways to improve the illegal

immigrant problem, and the promise

mentioned before was his first

attempt at doing just that. He made

promises in his first election that there

w o u l d b e a c o m p r e h e n s i v e

i m m i g r a t i o n

system by the

end of his first

year done in

t h e o f f i c e s .

The promise

w a s a b o u t

introducing a

comprehensive

immigration bill.

Obama worked hard to get it

passed but failed. His failure

impacted many people and changed

how people looked at him greatly.

"I cannot guarantee that it is going to be in the first 100 days. But what I can guarantee is that we will have in the first year an immigration bill that I strongly support and that I'm promoting. And I want to move that forward as quickly as possible."

- President Barack Obama, May 28, 2008

Pg. 9

Angry immigrants are protesting against Obama’s failed promise.

African Americans Influence Cultural Change During Harlem Renaissance

By: Lucy Bryan

There are many important people that contributed to the new and exciting cu l tu ra l changes o f the Har lem Renaissance. Some of these people include: W. E. B . D u B o i s , L o u i s Armstrong, Duke Ellington, C h a r l e s S p u r g e o n Johnson, and Claude McKay. Each of these men played a special role in the cultural changes that took place during the Harlem Renaissance. W. E. B. Du Bois sparked the Harlem Renaissance by convincing African Americans that they should not avoid disagreeing with white people. Du Bois did this by being one of the first people to publicly write about the suppression of African American culture. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington both contributed to the advancement of jazz music during the Harlem Renaissance. Duke Ellington started a jazz band and played at popular clubs, making jazz even more popular. Ellington also opened up the world of jazz to make in

broader by adding some variations to the music. Louis Armstrong revolutionized jazz in two ways: he arranged music so it could be played by one person, and he invented scat lyrics. Before Armstrong, a whole band was needed to play any jazz, and the lyrics were completely different because they were real words, not just sounds. Charles Spurgeon Johnson

organized the Civic Club Dinner to make progress in African American literature. Johnson invited African Amer ican wr i te rs and publishers to the dinner to give the writers more of a chance to finally be able to have a piece published. Claude McKay advanced t h e w o r l d o f A f r i c a n American poetry. He captured white society’s attention by pretending to

b e a n u n e d u c a t e d , S o u t h e r n , stereotypical African American instead of the brilliant man he was. Eventually, he unmasked himself and in doing so he had paved the way for future African American poets. Without these men, the Harlem Renaissance would have never happened and African American culture would not be the way it is today.

W. E. B. Du Bois

Pg. 10

Louis Armstrong Charles Spurgeon Johnson

Claude McKay

Duke Ellington

Pg. 11

Iconic People That Were Influential During the Great Migration

By: Jacob Randolph

Many African American leaders inspired the Great Migration. Booker T. Washington was a

Civil Rights activist who fought for freedom in America for African Americans. He was very

influential on the Great Migration because he wanted blacks to escape the oppression in the

South. W.E.B. Du Bois was a writer and one of the first african american scholars. His writings in

his articles were influential on the black community being another influence on the minds of the

South. Frederick Douglass inspired others with the work he did in earlier times such as wanting

to free slaves and his belief of equality for all. Jacob Lawrence was a famous painter during the

time of the Great Migration. His paintings depicted the events of the Great Migration. Isabel

Wilkerson was a writer that published the book The Warmth of Other Suns. This book talks

about the change of the lives of african americans and their experience when moving. These are

the most iconic people of the Great Migration and influential.

Booker T. Washington

Jacob Lawrence

Pg. 12

Frederick Douglass W.E.B. Du Bois

Isabel Wilkerson

Pg. 13

Italian Immigrants Convicted of Brutal Murder

Marguerite VanDenburgh

I n S o u t h B r a i n t r e e ,

Massachusetts, a paymaster and his

guard were found shot several times

in 1920. The victims were identified

as Fred Parmenter and Alessandro

Berardelli. Authorities believed the

shooter was Mike Boda. Mike Boda

was aware of the investigation and

fled to Italy. Police captured the next

best thing, Boda’s colleagues -

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo

Vanzetti. When found by police,

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo

Vanzetti were both armed and

Vanzetti had a record. Nicola Sacco

and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were both

arrested and sent to trial. The

defense, lead by Fred H. Moore had

a s t r o n g a r g u m e n t , y e t t h e

defendants were found guilty on July

14th, 1921. Sacco’s gun was

determined as the murder weapon.

It was admitted by the Governor of

Massachusetts that Sacco and

Vanzetti did not receive a fair trial in

the 1980’s. The case was reopened

in 1983 and to this day the Sacco

and Vanzetti case is mysterious and

many questions involving the case

have gone unanswered.

By: Lucy Bryan

Pg. 14

Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli

Fred H. Moore

Nicola Sacco

Judge Webster Thayer

Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Pg. 15

Presidents Get Involved With Immigration Problems

By: Claire Morrison

During his first campaign, Obama

made a promise that not everyone

remembers, but is still a big deal. Though

not everyone remembers, the people who do

remember were extremely upset by his failed

promise. These people protested holding up

signs that said “where is the reform

Obama?” Obama has tried many ways to

improve the illegal immigrant problem, and

the promise mentioned above was his first

attempt at doing just that. He made

promises in his first election that there would

be a comprehensive immigration system by

the end of his first year done in the offices.

The promise was about introducing a

comprehensive immigration bill. Obama

worked hard to get it passed but failed.

In Cuba, in 1962, there was a terrible

dictator. President John F. Kennedy pitied

the Cubans, and helped them escape their

tragic life style. The Cubans were very

thankful, and relieved. Though, not everyone

was happy with the Cubans entrance into the

country. Many felt that the cubans were

taking jobs that should belong to “real”

American citizens.

Today many people feel that exact way about

what Obama is trying to do with the current

illegal immigrant problem. Obama wants to

let everyone already in America stay in

America, and then create a better security

system.

In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge signed

the Immigration Act. The Immigration Act

limited the number of people from other

countries that were allowed into the United

States of America based on a quota. A quota

is a limited quantity of a particular product,

that under official controls, can be produced,

exported, or imported. The act also

completely denied the entry of anyone born

in the Asiatic Barred Zone. In 1917 the

Immigration Act required the immigrants that

are over 16 years of age to take a test and in

it be able to demonstrate that they

possessed basic reading comprehension in

any language.

There are many protests around the country centered around immigration.

Pg. 16

Immigrants are protesting about the failed reform.

An Immigrant speaks his beliefs about the failed promise Obama made.

Many people are protesting for Immigration reform.

Pg. 17

Irish Immigrants to New York are Sent to Ellis Island

By: Hunter Williams

The pictures that are shown demonstrate details of Ellis Island. The image of the

statue is a woman named Annie Moore, who was the first woman to ever go through Ellis

Island. There are also images that show what the building on Ellis Island looked liked

from the outside and inside. The images of the inside of the building on the island show

how crowded it was on the inside. Not everyone was passed by the medics into New

York, some immigrants coming from Ireland failed their inspections. If someone fails their

inspection and the medics find out they have a disease, they could be killed. For other, if

they have a mental disability they could be sent home or possible allowed in depending

on the case. Due to a large amount of sick people, there were many rooms that were

turned into hospital rooms. Ellis Island was very iconic in immigration and migration and

was shut down on November 12, 1954.

The building on the Ellis Island where immigrants are inspected

Pg. 18

Immigrants were inspected by guards before entering the United States.

There were many medical rooms on Ellis Island for the sick people that were arriving.

The inspection room was normally packed on Ellis Island.

Most lower class immigrants looked like this woman upon arriving at Ellis Island.

Annie Moore is the woman and she is with her kids.

Pg. 19

rebuilding in the Lower Ninth Ward, but every year since the storm, the

neighborhood has been inching closer to full repair.

Hurricane Katrina was devastating to the city of New Orleans. The

Hurricane caused a loss in buildings in the city, and a loss in population in the city.

People fled the city to escape the horrible storm but some have still not returned to

the city. Race, class, area of residence, occupation, amount of damage done, and

education all contributed to the loss in population within the city of New Orleans after

Katrina. All of these factors make it hard to determine if the city will ever return to its

original population.

EVACUEES RETURN, CONTINUED FROM PG. 2

Pg. 20

John F. KennedyVote

ForU.S. President

By: Lucy Bryan

The iconic Louis Armstrong

was born in 1901.

Orden McDermott waited nine days at Ellis Island and developed

Scarlet fever. He died in

1921.

Over a span of 54 years the southern black

population in rural areas moved north

to more urban areas, beginning

in 1916.

The iconic silent film, The Immigrant, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin

was released in 1917.

When two Italian

immigrants were convicted of murder

and robbery, in 1921, America began to fear

foreigners.

Looking at Immigration

Pg. 21

Ellis Island operated for more than sixty years

bringing immigrants into the U.S. and closed in 1954.

Louis Armstrong was world

famous for his work with jazz

during the harlem

renaissance and

died in 1971.

In the landmark supreme

court case, in 1982, it was decided that child illegal immigrants

had the right to a public education.

Through the Years

Since roughly 1999,

immigration has been positively

affecting our economy.

In 2004, The Harlem Stomp! was released, but is based during the

Harlem Renaissance.

First Crossing, stories of

teens immigrating

was released in 2004.

After Hurricane

Katrina in 2005, citizens of New Orleans began moving home.

Events 1999-2014 - Hunter WilliamsLayout & Events 1900-1998 - Marguerite VanDenburgh

Illegal, about a Mexican

girl migrating with her dad, was released in 2011.

A Boy from Ireland

was released in 2007, but takes

place before Ellis Island

closed.

Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance was released in 2009, but took place

during the harlem renaissance.

In 2014, immigration protests have taken place in

Washington, D.C.

President Obama was

recently, in 2014, worked on

improving border patrol.

Pg. 22

Arts

Coke.

You Know You Want it.

Marguerite

First Crossing Relates to All AudiencesBy: Marguerite VanDenburgh

First Crossing, a novel of

several short stories, can relate

to all ages and will make people

curious about their heritage. The

realistic fiction novel includes

many different short stories

about people from all over the

world who all have one thing in

common, they have immigrated

to the United States. First

Crossing shines a light on the

fact America was built by millions

of immigrants, and many were

teenagers.

First Crossing is unique

from other tales of immigration;

each short story was written by a

different author, but all were

edited by Donald R. Gallo. The

book, published by Candlewick

Press in 2004, explores different

sparks for families leaving their

homes and traveling to the

United States. Whether people’s

reasons for leaving were political

violence, a bad economy or

being adopted, all the teens miss

their home or are curious about

their heritage.

A common theme of all the

short stories included in the

novel, is fitting in with peers and

adjusting to life in a new place.

The stories are relatable to

e v e r y o n e w h o h a s b e e n

Continued on Pg. 30

Pg. 23

Charlie Chaplin Wows in The Immigrant

By: Marguerite VanDenburgh

! Charlie Chaplin starred in

and directed the 1917 iconic film,

The Immigrant. In the classic,

silent film Chaplin plays an

immigrant on his way to America.

The male immigrant is broke.

The man wins a purse and is

accused of stealing it. The

female immigrant from whom the

purse is was won from clears the

male immigrant’s name. The

female immigrant’s mother dies.

The male finds money and invites

the female out to eat. She eats so

much that she becomes ill. The

two fall in love, but the male is

sent home after kicking an

immigration officer. Charlie

Chaplin’s character is sadly sent

back to France and does not

making to America.The Immigrant was released by Select Pictures.

Pg. 24

Both the female and male immigrants were extremely hungry during their journey.

The cast of The Immigrant.

Edna Purviance (left) was an influential actress when the film was released.

Edna Purviance

Charlie Chaplin

Pg. 25

A Boy from Ireland, Adapting to America

By: Hunter Williams

A Boy from Ireland is a historical fiction book written by Marie Raphael in 2007. The book takes place in Connemara, Ireland in 1901 and shifts to New York as the book continues. The third person narrative tells the story of Liam and Alice, a teenage boy and girl who lost their parents at a young age while living in England. Alice and Liam were sent to live with their uncle, Patrick, whom Liam does not like, in Ireland. They are invited by a relative named Mrs. McCathery to go to New York with Patrick’s friend Mr. Gavin and his son named Colin that Liam hates.

T h e b o o k d e s c r i b e s a n d demonstrates the history of immigration in America by showing what immigrants had to do to get to America, and what immigration to America was like for these people. A Boy from Ireland also talks about how the people of Ireland were controlled by England and the battles going on between them.

The book allows the reader to experience what it was like going on a crowded ship to America, having to go to

Ellis Island and wait for hours to get inspected, and how life was upon arriving. The tone of the book is adventurous, sad at times.

A Boy from Ireland opens the American reader’s eyes to how many of the immigrants that came to America were poorly treated and how it was hard for them to adjust to America. In other words, it was very tough for these immigrants to adapt and make money. This makes some Americans realize that their opinions on immigrants are incorrect, immigrants are not just dumb and useless people, and be treated as if they were. In the book, Alice and Liam see New York as a dirty place, especially compared to where lived. For very patriotic readers, the way New York is depicted may be upsetting. In a Boy from Ireland, the history, geography, and politics affects the characters, themes, and plot.The plot and characters are influenced due to a history and between England and Ireland, and because Liam was partly English, Patrick and him fight about the offensive statements that Patrick

Marie RaphaelA Boy from Ireland book cover

SEE: Adapting to America pg. 35 Pg. 26

Harlem Stomp! Gives a Detailed Account of the Harlem Renaissance By: Lucy Bryan

Harlem Stomp!, by Laban Carrick

Hill, is a nonfiction retrospective that gives

an account o f the 1920 ’s Har lem

Renaissance. Harlem Stomp! was

published by Little, Brown and Company in

2003. Laban Carrick Hill speaks about

African Americans and their culture in a

respectful tone and it is apparent that he

believes the Harlem Renaissance was long

awaited and that African Americans

deserved a better place in society.

The Harlem Renaissance took place

in New York City neighborhood, Harlem,

and the majority of the change took place in

the 1920’s. Harlem Stomp! is not written

chronologically, but each chapter highlights

the different aspects of African Americans

c u l t u r e t h a t c h a n g e d d u r i n g t h e

renaissance. Some of these changed

cultural elements are visual arts, poetry,

drama, and dance. The book consisted of

not only text, but different images as well.

These images include articles, photographs,

paintings, poems, and letters from the

Harlem Renaissance, used to break up the

writing. The visuals also help a reader’s

understanding of the content by showing

how people living in Harlem and the rest of

the United States reacted to the explosion

of culture.

Some of the most important people to

the Harlem Renaissance were W. E. B. Du

Bois, Louis Armstrong, Charles Spurgeon

Johnson, and Claude McKay, because they

each helped a form of culture evolve during

the renaissance. Du Bois was one of the

first people to spark African Americans to

push their culture into the white world, by

saying it was okay for them to speak for

themselves. Louis Armstrong changed jazz

during the renaissance. Armstrong changed

jazz by making it so one person could

“It was a shift in philosophy from

accommodating white domination to

demanding equal status and recognition for

blacks.”

Pg. 27

SEE: Harlem Stomp! pg. 33

The images of Ellis Island galvanize

the public’ attention of the island and

represent the theme of Ellis Island. The image

of the statue is Annie Moore. She was famous

among the public because she was the first

woman to be allowed to pass through the

island. The painting of the inside galvanized

the public’s attention by showing the

conditions on the inside. Looking at the image,

the very crowded and clustered inside is

demonstrated. The painting of the outside of

the island galvanizes the public’s of the

buildings represent. The image of the boat

and island (above) shows the process of

going to Ellis Island. The ships that are filled

with immigrants pull up to Ellis Island and load

the immigrants off and into the building to get

inspected. Ellis Island is a major symbol of

Irish immigration to America, and these

important images of Ellis Island made the

American people pay more attention to

immigration, specifically from Ireland to New

York. After seeing these photos and photos

like them, the public took more interest in the

subject and learned more about the island.

By: Hunter Williams

The boat docked at Ellis is dropping of a group of immigrants.

Pg. 28

Ellis Island Affects American’s View on Irish Immigrants

The inside of Ellis is normally packed and crowded.

The boat is unloading at New York.Annie Moore is looking to New York after being inspected on Ellis.

Pg. 29

embarrassed by their parents, had trouble

fitting in, has moved, been forced to do

anything they did not want because of their

family or even started a new life. In the short

story, “First Crossing,” Marco wonders how

many other people were headed to a whole

new world. Marco did not know that leaving

home or starting over is a

struggle millions of people go

through every single year,

whe ther they a re f rom

Cambodia, Mexico, Sweden,

the Soviet Union or even just

moving cities somewhere in

America.

M a n y o f t h e

adolescent’s family’s values

prevent the characters from

fitting in. Maya’s family’s

strict belief that women are

not equal to men or Ameen’s family’s religion

made them different. Everyone’s culture is

different, making them unique. All of the

teen’s conflicts are along the lines of it isn’t

always easy moving away from home then

moving to a new place and not all cultures are

the same.

! A sense of sadness and hope is demonstrated by most of the short stories.

When people are forced to leave their home and family, it can be very emotional for the

character and the reader. Readers should

expect a tone of hopefulness as characters head to a brand new life in America.

! Many of the issues in the short stories are or were serious global topics. Families in the

stories flee their home due to a Communist takeover in Cambodia, a lack of employment in

Mexico, war in Palestine and political unrest in Venezuela due to an tyrannic

president. Any historian would recognize the historically accurate

c a u s e s o f t h e f a m i l i e s ’ immigration. First Crossing can

make any American proud to be from a nation that so many people

wish they were a part of and proud to be from a place that is

more peaceful than many other countries.

! First Crossing is a novel

t h a t e v e r y o n e , i n c l u d i n g

Americans, teens and history lovers, should

read to understand how America was built and

how lucky they are to be from a place, where so

many people flee to for peace. The novel also

intrigues people to learn more about immigration

and where they ancestors came from. The short

stories in First Crossing provide a way for

teenagers to learn about immigration, new

cultures and different nations people call home

all over the world.

First Crossing Continued from Pg. 23

First Crossing was released in 2004.

Pg. 30

Louis Armstrong Changes Jazz ForeverBy: Lucy Bryan

During the 1920’s, jazz music played a large, and interesting, part in the Harlem

Renaissance. Louis Armstrong was one of the individuals that revolutionized jazz.

Growing up in New Orleans, Louisiana, Armstrong was surrounded by jazz his entire

life. He learned to play the trumpet, and was so loud he could fill a room with just the

music he made himself. Before Armstrong had arrived on the jazz scene, a whole

band was needed to play any jazz song, but Armstrong

arranged the music so one person could play alone.

Armstrong also invented scat lyrics, which are a series of one

syllable sounds that are used in place of real lyrics. Scat

made it easier to play jazz by oneself. It was

near impossible for a musician to play a wind

instrument, which are popular instruments to

play while performing jazz, while attempting to

sing lyrics. By using scat lyrics a musician

could “sing” anywhere

there was a pause in

the instrumental music.

Louis Armstrong is still

well known in New Orleans because he grew up in the city, and

because jazz is a very popular genre of music in the area.

Many New Orleanian jazz musicians have re-recorded or

styled there music off of Armstrong’s because he was such a

popular musician of the 1920’s. Louis Armstrong was so

influential as a musician because he gave African

Americans in the 1920’s hope for a brighter future through

his music, he was well-known even among white society, and because he changed

jazz forever. Without Louis Armstrong, jazz would be very different than the way we

know it today.

Louis Armstrong was famous for playing his trumpets much louder than a typical musician.

Armstrong learned to play the trumpet when he still lived in New Orleans and he is most often depicted with that instrument.

“And I think to myself, what a

wonderful world.”-Louis Armstrong

Pg. 31

One of Armstrong’s most famous songs is “What a Wonderful World,” and the song is still popular to the present day.

Louis Armstrong invented scat lyrics, and he often used that form of singing instead of typical lyrics.

Pg. 32

play a tune alone.   Charles Spurgeon

Johnson advanced African American

literature by creating the

Civic Club Dinner. The Civic

Club Dinner was a chance

for hard- working, underpaid

writers to meet publishers.  

Johnson noticed that many

great African American writers were not

published because they did not have

time to meet with publishers, so he

decided help them by introducing them

to publishers. Claude McKay caught

white society’s eye with his poetry by

masking as an uneducated “Negro.”  

White society read his poems because

they thought that he was the epitome of

the uneducated, Southern African

American.  After he caught everybody’s

attention he began to write poems that

showed he could speak proper English,

w h i c h f o r c e d w h i t e p e o p l e t o

acknowledge that not all African

A m e r i c a n s w e r e i l l i t e r a t e a n d

incompetent.   Each of these men, in

some special way, captured white

society’s attention and encouraged

African Americans to show their culture

to the rest of the world.

W. E . B . D u B o i s , L o u i s

Armstrong, Charles Spurgeon

Johnson, and Claude McKay

h e l p e d s t a r t t h e H a r l e m

Renaissance, along with help from

geography, time period, and the

history and politics of racism and

segregation.   If Harlem was not located

somewhere in the North the Harlem

Rena i ssance wou ld have neve r

happened, because African Americans

moved to Harlem to escape the South.  

The 1920’s was about progression in the

United States and African Americans

were no exception to that progression.  

The cultural advances made in Harlem

all contributed to the idea of change

during the Roaring Twenties.   African

Americans had the perfect time to make

cultural changes, but they also needed a

reason.   This reason was equality.  

African Americans had been beaten,

k i l l ed , and res t r i c t ed by wh i t e

segregation laws, and ways of life.  

“African Americans everywhere began to rise as if from a deep sleep and to

demand their rightful place in

American culture.”

Harlem Stomp! Continued from Pg. 27

Pg. 33

African Americans knew if they made

changes in their culture, white

people would take notice of them and

maybe, eventually, accept them as equals.

Harlem Stomp! shows what African

Americans went through by developing the

themes horrors of racism and African

American freedom.   Harlem Stomp! tells

readers about lynchings and race riots

African Americans had to witness.  

Witnessing these events was hard for

African Americans to see because they

knew there was little they could do about

it.  During the Harlem Renaissance African

Americans finally experienced some type

of cultural freedom.  They were no longer

encouraged to cower before whites, but to

be themselves.

Harlem Stomp! is a book made for all

audiences.  The memoir is a great way for

students to learn about the Harlem

Renaissance without being overwhelmed

with text. The book is also interesting,

giving small side facts about history, while

adding photos and articles from the time,

so the reader can see inside the Harlem

Renaissance.  The Harlem Renaissance is

a critical first step in African American

Laban Carrick Hill

The front cover of Harlem Stomp! shows how both the written culture and the musical culture of the 1920’s changed.

Pg. 34

makes about England. The change in geography between Ireland and New York, affects the plot, in. In there were no African Americans and this affected the plot and characters because Patrick did not allow Liam to get a job that he really wants because he would be working for a black man.

Whether the reader is interested in immigrant history in America or was assigned to read it for school, this book will give the key information about immigration from Ireland to America that is important to know.

A Boy From Ireland Continued from pg. 26

THE CHEESIEST

Learn More @ www.freetillie.com

Pg. 35

Migrations that Affected America By: Jacob Randolph

The Great migration was the movement of

6,000,000 african americans to the North, Mid

West, and West. The Great migration consisted of

mostly southern african americans migrating. Ellis

Island was a major event that brought in many

Irish immigrants to America. This island was right

off of New York and was a place where the new

immigrants originally came to get settled and

moved from there. Illegal Immigration is a problem

in America now as it was in the 20th century. The

problem today is immigrants coming from Mexico

into America. Immigration to and in America is a

dream for others outside and inside of the country.

This map shows the different ways and places African Americans went during the Great Migration.

This was the building at which all new immigrants entered after their arrival to Ellis Island.

Pg. 36

These immigrants were coming from Ireland and are waiting on Ellis Island to enter the main building.

African Americans are buying the products they need for their new urban lives at this corner store.

These are people who got caught trying to cross the border illegally.

Pg. 37

Illegal: Making a Run for the Border

Imagine being in life and death situations and having to be the leader and provider in a family. Nora, the main character, lives a life like this every day.The book I l legal by Bett ina Restrepo is fiction published in 2011 by HarperCollins. Illegal takes place in Cedula, Mexico at the start of the book, and Houston, Texas in the middle and end of the book. The book doesn’t give a specific date but it is pretty modern so it is some time in the 21st century. The book also depicts the towns as poor and dirty where the characters live.

The significant characters in this novel are Nora, Flora, Jorge, Keisha, Aurora, and grandma. The protagonist of this novel is a young fifteen year old woman named Nora. Nora is Mexican and has lived in Cedula, Mexico on her orchard her entire life along with her mother, Aurora, and her grandmother. In the novel, Nora was separated from her father at a young age as he went to America to try and provide more for the family. The father, Arturo, stopped sending money and Nora was worried. She then ventures to Houston with Aurora looking for her father. There she realizes America wasn’t as easy as she thought. Aurora was Nora’s mother who supported and followed her. Keisha is a friend who Nora meets in America, who is bullied often because of the color of her skin. Flora is a local troubled girl

who f loats around without a real home, receiving beatings by her gangbanging brother. Nora is friendly to this girl and helps her throughout the novel. Nora is related to the theme of immigration because she was an illegal immigrant herself since she crossed the Mexican border into the United States.

The theme of the book is the hardships of immigration. This theme is developed because of all the troubles Nora has to go to when she is journeying to America. Nora goes through so much trouble to cross the border by waiting in a hot, smelly van for ten hours with rotten mangoes and no breaks. Nora also had to fight the truck driver once she arrived in Houston and it was physical. Once Nora is settled in Houston she also has to deal with gang members. She fights them in many situations such as at the pool and at her local park. The tone of the book is very serious. This tone is developed by all the events Nora goes through such as crossing the border because if she is caught she is deported and sent to prison. She also faces times when she fights gang members and they are life and death situations. This book will captivate many characters because the characters wish so much for their dreams. Their dreams also are for better opportunities as

By: Jacob Randolph

“He’s here. He’s all around me. Finally, we’re all together.”

Pg. 38

well as the fact that the chapter ends with cliff hangers.

This book addresses immigration because Nora has to cross the border in order to find her dad. The also addresses how hard the actual l i fe of an immigrant is. This book will captivate many readers and suck them in because of the reality of the story. It also is a story of dreams because Nora and others are trying to make it in America which is their struggle that is so great and exciting.

Illegal by: Bettina Restrepo

Bettina Restrepo

BE COLORFUL

Marguerite

Pg. 39

By: Claire Morrison

On Friday, March 19, 1982 in

Leesburg, Florida Randy Rhaods died.

Randy Rhoads was the lead guitarist

for Ozzy Osborne. He died on tour in

a plane crash. He and the two other

passengers, Andrew Aycock and

Rachel Youngblood on the Beach

Bonanza F35 died. The pilot, Andrew

Aycock, was trying to “buzz” Ozzy

Osborne’s tour bus when the wing

clipped the vehicle, and crashed into a

house. Later the police discovered

cocaine in Aycock’s urine. Sharon

A rden , t he manage r o f Ozzy

Osbourne, and Rudy Sarzo, bassist,

were asleep on the tour bus at the

time of the accident. Don Airey, the

Keyboardist, was also on the tour bus

but he was awake. He said the plane

swooped at treetop level three times,

before it hit the tour bus.

Randy Rhoads rocking out on the guitar at one of his concerts.

The news spreads about Randy Rhoads’ death. Many are devastated.

Randy Roads Died in Plane Crash

By: Claire Morrison

Pg. 40

The day after the crash Ozzy

Osbourne told the authorities and

the paparazzi "At approximately

nine a.m. on Friday, March 19,

1982, I was awoken from my

sleep by a loud explosion. I

immediately thought that we’d hit

a vehicle on the road. I got out of

bed, screaming to my fiancé,

Sharon , ‘ge t o f f the bus ! ’

Meanwhile, she was screaming to

everyone else to get off the bus.

After getting out of the bus, I saw

that a plane had crashed. I didn’t

know who was on the plane at the

time. When we realized that our

people were on the plane, I found

it very difficult to get assistance

from anyone to help. In fact, it

took almost a half-hour before

anyone arrived. One small fire

engine arrived, which appeared to

squirt three gallons of water over

the inferno. We asked for further

help, such as telephones, and

didn’t receive any further help. In

the end, we finally found a

telephone and Sharon phoned

her father." This shows just how

hectic the plane crash, and the

death of Randy Rhoads was.

Randy Rhoads’ grave was supported by many of the public.

Randy Rhoad’s plane crashed in Leesburg, Florida.

Pg. 41

Celeste Adventures to HarlemBy: Claire Morrison ! Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance is

an intriguing story written by Eleanora

E. Tate, and published by Little, Brown

And Company in April of the year

2007. Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance

is a historically-fictional novel based in

the 1920’s dur ing the Har lem

Renaissance. It is about a thirteen

year old girl named Celeste Massey,

who has to leave her home in North

Carolina to l ive with her aunt,

Valentina, inhabiting in New York City.

There, Celeste experiences the

Harlem Renaissance, and finds out

Aunt Valentina’s life is not how she

was lead to think.

The cover image shows Celeste

viewing New York and the Harlem

Renaissance for the first time ever.

On one side it shows Celeste, her

Aunt Valentina, the building where

they lived, and a couple other people

they know. Celeste is looking around

which demonstrates she has never

been in New York before. To Celeste

New York is different and unusual,

because she has never been outside

of North Carolina before. On the other

side of the cover image it shows

people dressed glamorously, and big

spectacular buildings. This shows the

diversity that Celeste lived through

during her time in New York, and how

different it was from Celeste’s home in

North Carolina.

Celeste, the protagonist, is a thirteen

year old girl who lives in North

Carolina with her father and her Aunt

Society. Poppa, also known as Taylor,

is Celeste’s father, he gets sick with

consumption causing Celeste to have

to go live with her Aunt Valentina.

Aunt Society, who has conflicts with

the pro tagonis t but is not an

antagonist, is Celeste’s aunt who lives

with Celeste and her brother, Taylor.

Aunt Valentina, a very important

character but not the protagonist, is a

selfish actress, singer, and dancer

during the Harlem Renaissance. She

is also Celeste’s aunt.

Pg. 42

A very important historical theme

developed in Celeste’s Harlem

Renaissance is re-birth or the

renaissance. I t is developed

everywhere. Celeste has to move and

re-adapt to harlem from her completely

different life in North Carolina.

Eleanora E. Tate

Every drop is green.

Pg. 43By: Lucy Bryan and Claire Morrison

d’Juice

Drink d’Juice! Make New Orleans Healthy

BACONATOR

DO SOMETHING D I F F E R E N T TELL THEM TO GET LOST

I’m loving it

SHE’S THE SALT OF THE EARTH.

AND THE SEA.

SMELL LIKE A MAN, MAN.

L’eggo myEggo

Cadillac

Ramsey’s Jewelers

Green  Giant

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison

By: Claire Morrison