A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi

A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi Taang Zomi

Taang Zomi ii Lailam Tangthu Tomno

/¯tǡəŋ ¯zǢȚ ˇmiə ¯iə ɔlǡəi ˇlȜm ɔtǡəŋ /¯tǡəŋ ¯zǢȚ ˇmiə ¯iə ɔlǡəi ˇlȜm ɔtǡəŋ /¯tǡəŋ ¯zǢȚ ˇmiə ¯iə ɔlǡəi ˇlȜm ɔtǡəŋ /¯tǡəŋ ¯zǢȚ ˇmiə ¯iə ɔlǡəi ˇlȜm ɔtǡəŋ ˇtˇtˇtˇtȹuə ȹuə ȹuə ȹuə ˇ̌̌̌tǢtǢtǢtǢm m m m ˇ̌̌̌nǢȚ/nǢȚ/nǢȚ/nǢȚ/1111

A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi

/ǩ briəf lǺŋɑǱwǺstǺk baǺɑǢǱrǩfiə Ȝv tǡəŋ zǢȚmiə//ǩ briəf lǺŋɑǱwǺstǺk baǺɑǢǱrǩfiə Ȝv tǡəŋ zǢȚmiə//ǩ briəf lǺŋɑǱwǺstǺk baǺɑǢǱrǩfiə Ȝv tǡəŋ zǢȚmiə//ǩ briəf lǺŋɑǱwǺstǺk baǺɑǢǱrǩfiə Ȝv tǡəŋ zǢȚmiə/2222

တန္ ဇိုမီး ၏ ဘာသာ ေဗဒ ဆိုင္ရာ အတၳဳပၸတိၱ အက်ဥး္တန္ ဇိုမီး ၏ ဘာသာ ေဗဒ ဆိုင္ရာ အတၳဳပၸတိၱ အက်ဥး္တန္ ဇိုမီး ၏ ဘာသာ ေဗဒ ဆိုင္ရာ အတၳဳပၸတိၱ အက်ဥး္တန္ ဇိုမီး ၏ ဘာသာ ေဗဒ ဆိုင္ရာ အတၳဳပၸတိၱ အက်ဥး္

////¯tǡən ¯zoə ɓmiə ɓ¯tǡən ¯zoə ɓmiə ɓ¯tǡən ¯zoə ɓmiə ɓ¯tǡən ¯zoə ɓmiə ɓǺʣ Ǻʣ Ǻʣ Ǻʣ ¯bǡə ¯¯bǡə ¯¯bǡə ¯¯bǡə ¯θθθθǡə ¯beə ɓǡə ¯beə ɓǡə ¯beə ɓǡə ¯beə ɓdȜʣ dȜʣ dȜʣ dȜʣ ¯sȜǺŋ ¯jǡə ɓȜȤ ɓtȹǢȚȤ ɓpȜȤ¯sȜǺŋ ¯jǡə ɓȜȤ ɓtȹǢȚȤ ɓpȜȤ¯sȜǺŋ ¯jǡə ɓȜȤ ɓtȹǢȚȤ ɓpȜȤ¯sȜǺŋ ¯jǡə ɓȜȤ ɓtȹǢȚȤ ɓpȜȤ

ɓɓɓɓtǺʣ tǺʣ tǺʣ tǺʣ ¯Ȝ¯Ȝ¯Ȝ¯Ȝ. . . . ɓtsiənɓtsiənɓtsiənɓtsiən////3333

Khanggui Simna (Genealogy)

Taang Zomi in ama’ khangguithu (genealogy) a suut ciangin, khat veivei (1) Matthew 1:1, (2)Matthew 1:2-6a, (3) 1:6b-11, (4) 1:12-16 a sim khit ciangin, (5) 1:17 tawh pan a’ihk’eh khumhthei zeel hi.

“Hih bang ahih manin (1) Abraham panin David ciangdong khang sawmleli pha a, (2) David panin Babylon gamah salin a kipaikhiatpih dong khang sawmleli mah pha a, (3) Babylon gamah salin a kipaikhiatpih-a kipanin Khrih a suah hun ciangdong khang sawmlelimah a pha hi.”

— Matthew 1:17 (Tedim Online Bible: http://www.myanmarbible.com/bible/bible.phpversion=Tedim&testament=NT&book=Matthew&chapter=1)

(1) Tg. Sukte; (2) Tg.Sukte’ ta Tg. Sukzo; (3) Tg. Sukzo’ ta Tg.Mang Cin; (4) Tg. Mang Cin’ ta

1 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) bulphuh-a Zokam awsuah (pronunciation), awkaih (tone) ciaptehna’ng-aTaang Zomi’ zat awneenbul kambul (phonetic alphabet) ahi hi.

2 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) bulphuh-a Mangkam awsuah (pronunciation), khauhcih (stress) ciaptehna’ng-a English dictionary pawlkhatte’ zat awneenbul kambul (phonetic alphabet) ahi hi.

3 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) bulphuh-a Kawlkam awsuah (pronunciation), awkaih (tones) ciaptehna’ng-a Kawlkam tawh kisai lailam mipilte (linguists in Burmese language)’ zat awneenbul kambul (phoneticalphabet) ahi hi.

Wednesday, February 10, 2010 Page 1 of 8

Taang Zomi A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang ZomiTg. Mang Tun; (5) Tg. Mang Tun’ tate Tg. Cin Thang, Tg. Liap Thang le Tg. Mang Piang; (6)Tg. Mang Piang’ ta Tg. Ngai Neek; (7) Tg, Ngai Neek’ tate Tg. Neek Kip, Tg. Neek Zom le Tg.Zaang Thuk; (8) Tg. Neek Kip’ ta Tg. Kim Vum; (9) Tg. Kim Vum’ ta Tg. Hauh Tuang; (10) Tg.Hauh Tuang’ ta Tg. Pau Vum (Kamhau Ukpi-gam Prime Minister); (11) Tg. Pau Vum’tate Tg.Khan Lian le Tg. Tuang Khaw Thang; (12) Tg. Tuang Khaw Thang’ tate Tg. Vum Khaw Pau leTg. Thawng Pau; (13) Tg.. Thawng Pau’ tate Tg. Thang Za Hang, Tg. Kham Cin Pau, Tg. KhupCin Thang le Tg. Thang Za Kam;

(14) Tg. Thang Za Kam (Lia Niang Za Dim)’ tate Lia Ning Khan Ciin (the late Rev. Kai Khaw Thawn), Tg. Pau Cin Thang (Lia Khup Zam Ciin), Tg. Dongh Khan Pau (Lia Than Than May), the late Lia Man Khan Vung (Tg. Cin Khan Vungh), Lia Niang Suan Man (Lt. Col. Dr. Tg. Kam Khan Thawng), Tg. Langh Suan Mang (Lia Man Lun Niang), Lia Lian Man Cing (Prof. Tg. Kam Za Mung), Tg. Pau Lian Mang (Lia Ngai Dim Niang), Tg. Hang Khan Mung (Lia En Sian Cing).

Taang Zomi pen Sukte pan khang sawmleli-na ahi hi.

http://web.archive.org/web/19991011114622/private.fuller.edu/~pthang/whoiam.html

(15) Taang Zomi (Lia Khup Zam Ciin)’ tate Tg. Kam Sian Tung, Lia Dim Lian Vung, Lia Dim Lun Niang, Lia Ciin Hau Cing, Lia Vungh Deih Huai.

Teen’na Khua

Tg. Sukte le a suan a khakte, Luika /ɔlu:i ɔkǡ:/, Khuapi, Mualbeem cihte-ah na teeng uh hi.Khang 10 Tg. Kam Hau le Khang 10 mah ahi Tg. Pau Vum pen pusawn unau (third cousin) ahihban-ah a ki-it mahmah lawmta ahi uh hi.. Khang 7 Tg. Neek Kip pen Tg. Pau Vum’ pusawn hi-a,Khang 7 mah ahi Tg. Zaang Thuk pen Tg. Kam Hau’ pusawn ahi hi. Lamzang le Tedim-ah Tg.Kam Hau in hausa seem ding-a a pai ciangin, Tg. Pau Vum na kizuisak hi. Sukte Ukpi-gam lehKamhau Ukpi-gam a tuam tuak-a hong din’ uh ciangin, Tg.. Kam Hau in Kamhau Ukpi-gam-ahUkpi hong seem hi. Thuthei mipil Tg. S. K. Ngul Langh’ gen dan-in gen ni ci leeng, Tg. KamHau pen tu lai bang dan hi leh Tham-ma-da (President) hi-a, Tg. Pau Vum pen Wun-gyi-gyoke(Prime Minister) ahi hi. Tg. Khoi Lam pen A-twin-ye-hmu Tit (Secretary 1) hi-a Tg. Mang Ginpen Kar-kway-ye Wun-gyi (Defence Minister) ahi hi.

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A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi Taang ZomiTg. Kam Hau’ ta Khang 11 Tg. Khua Cin in Ukpi hong sep ciangin, Tg. Pau Vum’ ta Khang 11Tg. Tuang Khaw Thang in a pa’ pan’mun luah hi. Tonzang-ah kikhiin uh hi. Tg. Khua Cin hongsih ciangin Ukpi za pen Khang 12 Tg. Hau Cin Khup (Khang 11 Tg. Hau Pum’ ta) in laih-a, Tg.Tuang Khaw Thang’ mun-ah Khang 12 Tg. Thawng Pau in hong seem hi. Tg. Hau Cin Khup,Ukpi pan’mun pan-in a khawl ciangin, Khang 13 Tg. Pum Za Mang in laih-a Tg. Thawng Pau’mun-ah Khang 13 Tg. Thang Za Kam hong kah to hi.

Galpi Nihna khit ciangin, Tg. Thawng Pau le innkuanpihte Lailui-ah kikhiin uh hi.

Taang Zomi pen Lailui khua pua lam-a om Tumsih a kici a lo uah, 07 JUL 1949 THU ni-in suakhi. A suahna pen singhiang a kiphut, bi a kikhuh buk sung hi-a lupna pen singhiang tawh akibawl hi-a, lup dan a nop zawk deuh nadingin pheek ham (a neel lo) (a’ihk’eh taang cil ciang)kiphah hi. A nu lokuan kimlai-a a suak hi-a, lo veengte in innkuanpihte zasak-in tua ni mah-inLailui khua kipuak hi.

Tg. Thang Za Kam in 1953 pawl pan-in Tedim-ah sumbuk bawl-a, 1957 kum pawl-a kipan ainnkuan-un Tedim-ah lim om zaw uh hi. Tg. Thang Za Kam hong sih ciangin, a sih ma-a a laminn thak-ah, a nusiat a innkuanpihte kituah uh-a, Tedim-ah a teeng taktak hong hi uh hi.

Zolai Sinna le Lailam Telkanna

Taang Zomi sang a kah ciilin, Lawibual-a om SDA Mission Primary School-ah Tan Lang /Ɏtǡən

¯lȜŋ/ (Kindergarten) kah hi. Amah pen kum 8 pha ta hi. Kum 8 a pha ama’ khan’ gualte Tan 3-ahkah uh hi. A siate pen Kayin nupa khat hi uh-a, a pasal in Tan 3 le Tan 2, a zi in Tan 1 leh TanLang hilh hi. Zolai thei lo uh ahih manin, tua sangah Zolai kisin lo hi. Manglai tawmkhat,Kawllai, Ganan (Arithmetic) kisin hi.

A kum kik ciangin State High School-ah kah hi. Tan Lang pan-in Zolai kisin pah hi. Taang Zomipen Tan 1-a a kah ding hi-a a tanpihte Zolai sin ngeisa vive ahih manin, sang kihon’ ciil ni-in,Zolai Sim Bu Tan Khat Laibu sung-a Sinna 1 (“Ka dah mah mah”) pen gual khatna le a tunglam-a a kigelh teng (ka la nga pha dah pa ha sa mah na) pen a nu Lia Niang Za Dimin sang kah ma-in hilh samsam pak hi. Sang a tun’ ciangin siapa in suanglaipi tung-ah Zolaipawlkhat na gelh-a sangnaupangte khat khit khat-in a mai-ah paisak-in ciang khat tawhsuanglaipi-a lai kigelh pen kawksak-in simsak hi. Taang Zomi zong a nung gual peen-ah tu pah-in a tanpihte a banban-in a mai-ah pai-a a sim uh laite, na lot ngah (memorize) man hi.

A pa Tg. Thang Za Kam in, kammal (word) nih kikaal-ah mun-awng (space) a kician koih ding,hilh hi.

Tan 2 a tun’ cangin Sia Tg. Khamboih (Sia Tg. Kham Suan Pau) in Zolai hilh kha hi. Zokamsung-a kammal haksa pawlkhat a khiatna gen hi. Punctuation tawmkhat zong hilh hi. Kawlkam-a<သ> (Tha) /θ/ (voiceless unaspirated linguo-dental fricative) awsuah zong sinsak-in, Taang

Zomi in zong ci thei pah bilbel hi. Sang a kah ngei lo ei mite in tua aw ngah lo-in <တ> (Ta) /t/


Taang Zomi A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi(voiceless unaspirated alveolar stop)-in aw suaksak uh hi.

Tan 4 a sin sungin Sia Tg. Donghkawi (Sia Tg. Pau Za Dongh) in Zolai hilh kha hi. Punctuationa kicing zawdeuh-in hilh hi. Tu laitak-a degree sangpipi ngah napi-a punctuation a maan-a a gelhthei lote pen Sia Tg. Kham Suan Pau le Sia Tg. Pau Za Dong in Zolai a hilh khak lohte ahi uhhi!:) :) :)

Tan bangzah a sin laitak hiam thei nawn lo, Kawlkam-a <ဇ> (Za) /z/ (voiced unaspirated

alveolar fricative) le <ယ> (Ya) /j/ (palatal approximant) kilamdan’na thei hi. Tua ban-ah <စ>(Sa) /s/ (voiceless unaspirated alveolar fricative) le <ရွ> (Sha) /ȓ/ (voiceless aspirated post-

alveolar fricative) kilamdan’na zong thei hi.

Tan 8 a sin sungin Sia Tg. Kam Lian Buai in Physics le Chemistry hilh hi. Tua subject-te tawh akisai lo, sangnaupangte’ phattuampih khat pen, Kawlkam-a <ည> (Nya) /Ȃ/ (voiced palatal

nasal) awsuah ahi hi. <င> (Nga) /ŋ/ (voiced velar nasal) lah hi lo-in, <န> (Na) /n/ (voiced

alveolar nasal) lah hi lo hi. Taang Zomi in tua kum-in Kawlkam-a Nya aw, ngah hi.

Tan 9 a sin sung (1966-1967)-in, Ba-yint-naung House Leader le School Council member seemhi. Bayintnaung House member-te’ min sazian a bawlna-ah numeite’ min mai-ah “Lia” koih-in,pasalte’ min mai-ah “Tg.” koih hi. “Tg.” pen “Taang” tomlaakna ahi hi. School LiteratureSociety-ah President Sia “Pu” Nang Khaw Thawn, Secreratry “Tg.” Pau Cin Thang, TreasurerSianu “Pi” Khin Khin Hla ci-in gelh hi. Tua hun laitak-in, “Lia” pen “nungak”, “Taang” pen“tangval” a cihna a sa kha ahi hi.

Tua kum mah-in, Sia Tg. Peter Khup Lam Thang in Kawlkam-a <စ> (Sa) /s/ (voiceless

unaspirated alveolar fricative) le <ဆ> (Hsa) /sȹ/ (voiceless aspirated alveolar fricative) a

kilamdan’na hilh hi. Tg. Vungh Thah Kim in zong hilh hi. Ahih hangin amau’ geel genna kibanglo ahih manin, Taang Zomi in khentel thei lo hi.

Tua kum sung mah-in, Taang Zomi in Zolai Telkan Pawlpi (Zolai Research Society; ဇုိလိုင္သုေတသန အသင္း) phuan-a member 14 khawng pha uh hi. Tg. Gin Khan Pau in Zolai

vocabulary hong bawl-a tua pen tu lai-a dictionary i cih dan hi ding hi. Taang Zomi in “PawfiZatna” (The Use of the Apostrophe), “Noun Pian’sakna” (Formation of Nouns), cih laite gelh hi.

Yangon a om sung (1971-1980)-in, Taang Zomi in Institute of Education bookstore le RangoonArts and Science University (RASU) bookstore-te panin, linguistics laibu hon khat lei hi. Yangonkhua sung Pansodan Street, Merchant Street cihte-ah roadside pavement tung-a a kizuak laibuhonkhat zong lei hi.

Tua laibute tungtawn-in, Taang Zomi in theih beh pawlkhat nei hi: phone (awneenbul), phonetics


A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi Taang Zomi(awneenbulthu), phoneme (awbul), phonemics/phonology (awbulthu), tone (awkaih), toneme,sylllable (awmal), letter (laimal), graph (gelhneenbul), graphetics (gelhneenbulthu), grapheme(gelhbul), graphemics/graphology (gelhbulthu), morph (malneenbul), morpheme (malbul),morphemics/morphology (malbulthu), lex (kammalneenbul), lexeme (kammalbul), word(kammal), orthography (malgawmthu), syntax (kamvui gualhna), semantics (thukhiatna),pragmatics (zatkhiatna) cihte theih kipan hi.

British English-ah phoneme (awbul) 44 bang om-a tua sung-ah consonant (awmung) pen 24bang om-in, vowel (awmung) 20 bang om hi. Zokam-ah phoneme 64 bang om-a, tua sung-ahconsonant 22 khawng le vowel 42 khawng om ahihna mukhia hi.

Zokam-ah <aw> pen laimal (letter) nih ahih hangin, aw (phone) khat bek ahih maniin,monophthong hi-in diphthong hi lo hi, ci-in tel hi. <o> pen laimal khat bek ahih hangin aw nih(ou) ahih manin, diphthong hi-a monophthong hi lo hi, ci-in ummawh-a telcian pha nai lo hi.

Rangoon Universities Chin Literature and Culture Subcommittee Annual Magazine (1973-74 )-ah Tedim Section Editor le English Section Editor seem-in, nidang pek-a a gelhsa “Pawfi Zatna”le “Noun Pian’sakna” gawm khawm-in “Zolai Gelhziate Pawlkhat” cih article suaksak hi.

Zomi University Magazine (1975) le Zomi Magazine (1980) Chief Editor seem hi. “Lia” pen“nungak” a cihna hi lo-in “numei” a cihna hi-a, “Taang” pen “tangval” a cihna hi lo-in “pasal” acihna ahih lam theih kipan hi. Tua ahih manin, magazine sung-ah Pu Tg. Kam Hau, Pu Tg. HauCin Khup, Colonel Tg. Khen Za Moong cih bangin zat kipan hi.

Zomi Magazine (1980)-ah, “Tat-huh Pian’sakna” (Formation of Adverbs) le “Awbul Tawh KisaiTheih-huai Pawlkhat” (Some Points on Phonemes) cih article nih gawm-in, “Zolai BulpitePawlkhat” (Some Fundamentals of Zolai) cih article gelh hi.

Tedim-ah a om kik sung (1980-1988)-in lailam telkanna (research in linguistics) nasia tak-inbawl man lo hi.

1980 October 24-26 sung-in Zomi Christian Literature Society (ZCLS) kiphuan-in Constitutionle By-Laws kikupna, kipsakna kinei hi. Mi 29 kah hi: (1) Rev. Tg. Thuam Khan Do, (2) Rev. Tg.Mang Khaw Pau, (3) Rev. Tg. Sein Htwe, (4) Rev. Tg. Khup Khen Thang, (5) Rev. Tg. ThawngKhaw Nang, (6) Rev. Tg. Pau Khan En, (7) Rev. Tg. Paul Thuam Thang, (8) Rev. Tg. ThangKhaw Khai, (9) Rev. Tg. Thang Kam, (10) Rev. Tg. Cin Pau, (11) Rev. Tg. Khaat Khaw Gin,(11) Rev. Tg. Mang Cin Thang, (13) Rev. Tg. Nok Sian Pau, (14) Rev. Tg. Pau Cin Thang, (15)Rev. Tg. Suang Cin Pau, (16) Rev. Tg. Do Sian Thang, (17) Rev. Lia Ngiak Za Dim, (18) SianuLia Zen Khan Cing, (19) Rev. Tg. Thang Za Pau, (20) Rev. Tg. Son Khaw Kham, (21) Sia Tg.Thang Hen Pau, (22) Rev. Tg. Tuang Khan Kap, (23) Sia Tg. Kai Sawm Sing, (24) Sia Tg. GinKhan Nang, (25) Rev. Tg. Mang Cin, (26) Rev. Tg.. Cin Kam, (27) Sia Tg. Cin Lian Sum, (28)Sia Tg. Neng Za Sawm, (29) Rev. Tg. Gin Khaw Kam.

Paite Literature Society (PLS) le ZCLS in 1982 June-July sung-in ni nih sung, Moreh khua-ah


Taang Zomi A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang ZomiZomi Linguistic Seminar nei hi. ZCLS taang-in Rev. Tg. Paul Thuam Thang le Taang Zomi kahhi. Amau’ veiina tawh hong paite: Tg. Ginkhatsuan, Tg. Sian Khan Mang, Tg. En Khan Nang,Tg. Gin En Cin, Tg. Thang Khaw Cin cihte ahi hi. PLS lam panin, Dr. Tg. H. Kam Khen Thang(PhD), Dr. Tg. Ngul Za Dal (MBBS), Tg. Vungh D. Tombing (MA), Tg. Kam Khan Thang(MTh), Rev. Tg. Gin Nei Thang (BD), Tg. Tual Chin Neihsial, Tg. Cin Khan Lian, cihte kihel hi.

PLS lam panin Dr. Tg. H. Kam Khen Thang hong makai hi. Seminar-ah Dr. Tg. H. Kam KhenThang in chairman seem-in Taang Zomi in secretary seem hi. Dr. Tg. H. Kam Khen Thang inInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) siksan-in i laimalgawm zia (orthography) bawl leeng,gentehna-in, “Zomi” ci lo-in “Zoumi”, “lokho” ci lo-in “loukhou”, ci leeng cih gen-a, tua hunlaitak-in Taang Zomi in a thu-in thukim napi, IPA thu tel khol lo ahih manin bangmah pau lo hi.

Sia Tg. Vul Za Thang le Sia Tg. J. Gin Za Twang in, Zokam-ah Tone thum (3) phasak-in TonemeKua (9) phasak hi. Taang Zomi in Zokam-ah Tone Li (4) phasak-in Toneme Sawm-le-guk (16)phasak hi.

Sia Tg. Paul Thuam Thang in Tone thu, thin-tan (သင္တန္း; training; seminar) a pia dingin Taang

Zomi kun-a, ahih hangin, Taang Zomi in ama’ telkanna kicing sa nai lo ahih manin, le hun zongngah lo kawm ahih manin, thin-tan piakna nei lo hi.

California-a a om sung (1991-2004)-in, linguistics lam seem man khol lo hi. Ahih hangin,Biblical Hebrew-a <ה> (He) /h/ (voiceless glottal fricative) le x/ (voiceless velar/ (Chet) <ח> fricative) or /χ/ (voiceless uvular fricative) kilamdan’na tawmkhat kan hi. A Hebrew siate peninn sung-a Hebrew pau a zangh Jew-te hi lo-in a gol khit ciang-a Hebrew lai a sin Mikangte ahihmanin, amau zong hoih tak-in ci thei lo uh hi.

Zokam-a <o> pen “ou” /ǢȚ/ cih ding hi-a diphthong ahi hi; monophthong hi lo hi, cih thu, 2003kum-in, tel tak-in mu ta hi. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/zomi/message/6034

Florida-a a om sung (2004-2009)-in laibu sai (bookstore) le laibu saal (library)-te-ah linguisticsle phonetics laibu tampi tak (bu 500 val) sim kha thei hi. A vekpi-in sim khin, a vekpi-in tel khincihna hi lo-in, a muh khak, a sim khak a genna ahi hi. Laibu pawlkhat pen University CollegeLondon (UCL), University of London le University of Oxford pan-in khak uh ahih manin, ngahkha thei hi.

Tua hun sungin, Kawlkam-a <စ> (Sa) /s/ (voiceless unaspirated alveolar fricative) le <ဆ>

(Hsa) /sȹ/ (voiceless aspirated alveolar fricative)a kilamdan’na khentel thei ta hi. Tua bangmahinBiblical Hebrew-a <ה> <He> /h/ (voiceless glottal fricative) le (ח) <Chet> /x/ (voicless velarfricative) or /χ/ (voiceless uvular fricative) kilamdan’na zong khentel thei ta hi.


A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi Taang Zomi

Tua ban-ah Kawlkam-a <ခ> (Kha) /kȹ/ (voiceless aspirated velar stop) leh Zokam-a <Kha> /x/

(voiceless aspirated velar fricative) a kilamdan’na zong khentel thei hi. Zokam-a <kh> /x/ penMangkam, Kawlkam-ah om lo hi. Scottish <loch> pen bual (lake) a cihna hi-a, awsuah pen/lǢx/ ahi hi. Irish <lough> zong bual a cihna mah hi-a awsuah pen kibang-in /lǢx/ mah ahi hi.New Testament Greek-a <χ> (Chi) zong /x/ mah ahi hi. <Rev. Tg. Kham Khan Khai> /ɑrǫvǩrǩnd

¯tǡəŋ ¯xȜm ɓxȜn ¯xǡəi/ pen Kawlkam-ah /x/ om lo ahih manin, <သိကါၡရ ဆ႐ာေတာ္ တန္ ခမ္ခန္႕ ခိုင္> /ɓθǫǺȤ ¯kȹǡə ɓjȜȤ ¯sȜ. ¯jǡə ¯dǤə ¯tǡən ¯kȹǡən ɓkȹȜn ¯kȹȜǺŋ/ ci uh hi. Mangkam-ah

zong /x/ om lo ahih manin, <Reverend Taang Cum Cun Cuy> /ɑrǫvǩrǩnd ¯tǡəŋ ¯kȹȜm ɓkȹȜn

¯kȹǡəi/ ci uh hi.

Kawlkam-a <တ> (ta) /t/ (voiceless unaspirated alveolar stop) le <ဋ> (Ta) /Ș/ (voiceless

unaspirated retroflex stop) kilamdan’na, <ထ> (Hta) /tȹ/ (voiceless aspirated alveolar stop) le

<ဌ> (Hta) /Șȹ/ (voiceless aspirated retroflex stop) kilamdan’na, <ဒ> (Da) /d/ (voiced

unaspirated alveolar stop) le <ဍ> (Da) /Ǧ/ (voiced unaspirated retroflex stop) kilamdan’na,

<ဓ> (Da) /dȹ/ (voiced aspirated alveolar stop) le <ဎ> (Da) /Ǧȹ/ (voiced aspirated retroflex

stop) kilamdan’na, <န> (Na) /n/ (voiced alveolar nasal) le <ဏ> (Na) /n/ (voiced retroflex

nasal) kilamdan’na, <လ> (la) /l/ (voiced alveolar lateral approximant) le <ဠ> (la) /ǽ// (voiced

retroflex lateral approximant) kilamdan’na, <သ> (Tha) /θ/ (voiceless unaspirated linguo-dental

fricative) le <သ> (Tha) /ð/ (voiced unaspirated linguo-dental fricative) kilamdan’na cihte zong

khentel thei hi.

Mangkam phoneme (awbul) /p/ sung-ah allophone (awneenbuldang) [pȹ] le [pʍ] a’ihke’h [p⁰] omhi. <Pin> [pȹǺn] sung-aa <p> pen aspirated /p/ hi-a, <Spin> [spʍǺn] a’ihke’h [sp⁰Ǻn] sung-a <p>pen unaspirated /p/ ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, phoneme /p/ mah hi lel hi. <Ten> le <Sten> sung-a<t> zong /t/ ii allophone hi-a, <Kin> le <Skin> sung-a <k> zong phoneme /k/ sung-a allophoneahi hi.

Tua ahih manin, mi pawlkhat in Zokam-a <p> /p/ le <ph> /pȹ/ pen phoneme /p/ ii allophone sakha uh hi. <t> /t/ le <th> /tȹ/ pen phoneme /t/ ii allophone sa uh hi. <k> /k/ le <kh> /x/ penphoneme /k/ ii allophone sa uh hi.

Zokam-ah, /p/ le /pȹ/ pen phoneme tuam tuak ahi uh hi, ci-in Taang Zomi in mukhia hi. Tuabangmahin, /t/ le /tȹ/ pen phoneme tuam tuak hi uh-a, /k/ le /x/ pen phoneme tuam tuak mah ahiuh hi.

Kawlkam-ah Tone Thum (3) om hi. Tone Li (4) om, a ci zong om; Tone Nga (5) om, a cinangawn om.


Taang Zomi A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi

Mandarin Chinese-ah Tone Li (4) om hi. Neutral Tone tawh sim leeng Tone Nga (5) om, a cizong om.

Cantonese Chinese-ah Tone Guk (6) om hi. Neutral Tone tawh sim leeng Tone Kua (9) om, a cizong om.

Zokam-ah Tone Li (4) om hi. A om meengmeeng lo, a kilang khol lo Tone khat tawh sim leeng,Tone Nga (5) om hi, zong kici thei.

Tu laitakin Taang Zomi in tone (awkaih) thu, a telkan laitak ahi hi.


Documents

A Brief Linguistic Biography of Taang Zomi