A Report onAthletic Shoes

Submitted for fulfillment of assignment of

ERGONOMICS AND WORK PLACE ENGINEERING

ByNikita JainMFT III

Under the Guidance ofProf. (Dr.) Prabir Jana

National Institute of Fashion Technology, New DelhiYEAR: 2014-2015

The Athletic ShoeYearDescriptionPhotos

Oldest known pair of shoes was discovered in 1938 in Oregon and was dated somewhere between 8,000 and 7,000 B.C. By the 1800s, most shoes had stitched on soles, but most were still not foot specificthe right shoe was the same as the left.

1892

1917Goodyear made flat bottomed, light weight, and flexible shoes that became a design revolution. This was mainly marketed for the basketball players.Converse Allstars The KedsLater in 1917 they were called sneakers because of rubber sole they could sneak around silently. (Goodyear)

1920 - 1925Adi Dassler develops track and field shoes with hand-forged spikes for better traction and grip.

1938New Balance creates the worlds first running shoe with a ripple sole and varying widths(New Balance)

1948Puma Schuhfabrik is founded and the world is introduced to the PUMA Atom, PUMA's first football cleats, white. (Evolution of football cleats)Image: Joe Namath

1957Dassler develops the first nylon half-soles for sprint shoes.(A history of Adidas)

1959Onitsuka designs a new marathon shoe then set about trying to solve the problem. He was inspired by the air cooling systems of motor-cycles to use a loose cloth for the top of the shoe, combined with front and side holes. This created a cooling effect to combat the heat of impact, which created the blisters. The resulting shoe was called 'magic runner'. (Onitsuka Tiger brand history)

1960PUMA pioneers vulcanization technology to bond the sole and shaft of shoes together. New Balance releases the Trackster, the first running shoe in the industry to be offered in multiple widths.

1970Bill Bowerman begins experimenting by pouring liquid rubber onto a waffle iron, thereby creating the waffle sole.

1972Adidas develops sprint shoes using a combination of sharkskin and polyamide half-soles for improved traction.Blue Ribbon Sports introduces the first shoe featuring Bowermans waffle sole.(A history of Adidas)

1978 - 79Blue Ribbon Sports officially becomes Nike, Inc and Frank Rudy partners up with Nike to create the first Air-Sole units.Nike introduces the Tailwind, the first running shoe to feature the Air-Sole cushioning system.

1980Saucony releases the first ever slip lasted running shoe, called the Trainer 80.

1982Reebok introduces the first shoe designed especially for women. It was called the Freestyle.(A history of Adidas)

1987ASICS releases the Freaks A jogging shoe featuring their all new GEL cushioning system.(ASICS)

1988Adidas launches the TORSION sole system that is still used today.This enables forefoot and heel to move independently giving midfoot light weight support, allows foot to flex in proper place, for natural and efficient motion. (A history of Adidas)

1991- 93Saucony develops the first midsole that provides cushioning and support and releases the first molded EVA dual density midsole.(Saucony Again)

1996

1998Mizuno develops the Cat Plus running shoe that features enhanced forefoot functionality.Mizuno creates running shoes using artificial leather made from recycled plastic bottles.(Mizuno)

2003Karhu and the University of Jyvaskyla collaborate to create an evolution of Fulcrum technology.(Karho Strong Fulcrum ride)

2004ASICS introduces Biomorphic Fit design that allows the foot to distort naturally.(ASICS)

2005Vibram releases Five Fingers, a glove for the foot. Minimum rubber thickness in the outsole maximizes foot feel and flexibility, while a soft midsole further reduces thickness and weight for natural movement. A stitched-in insole protects skin and foot tissue during longer runs. For a snug fit, the lightweight, stretch mesh upper has a seamless collar and adjustable hook-and-loop closure. (Vibram Five Fingers)

2006Nike releases the Air Max 360, the first shoe with a foamless midsole. (Airmax History Nike)Nike and Apple team up to launch Nike+, combining music, biofeedback, and data collection.

2008Brooks launches BioMoGo, the first ever bio-degradable athletic shoe midsole. Once in a landfill, BioMoGo breaks down 50 times faster than traditional cushioning materials.(Brooks BIOMOGO)

2009Brooks releases the DNA cushioning system, the first ever smart cushioning midsole.Reebok releases /the innovative EasyTone toning footwear technology.(Brooks DNA)

2010-2014Adidas Supernova Glide 6 a nice fit for long runs. Boost offers more cushioning than traditional EVA foam and is resistant to temperature changes, so the shoe won't get hard in cold weather.Brooks pure flow 3: reduction in the width to make for smoother landings; reshaped pods of rubber on the outsole for a more flexible forefoot; and a tongue that's fixed at the arch and wraps to the outside.

Key Terms:1.CUSHIONING IN RUNNING SHOESCushioning systems greatly increased comfort, reduced the occurrence of painful feet and allowed many people who would not otherwise have participated to enjoy the jogging boom.Cushioning in athletic shoes has been shown to attenuate skeletal shock transients and to reduce peak plantar pressures. The addition of a layer of compliant material between the foot and the ground distributes impact forces, both temporally (reducing peak forces) and spatially (reducing peak pressures).2.Analysis of SprintingThe leg action in running is one that takes place in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints The bones of the hip involved are the femur and pelvic girdle which form a ball and socket joint. The bones of the knee involved are the femur and tibia which form a hinge joint. The bones of the ankle involved are the tibia and calcaneus which form a modified joint.Each of these joints produces two actions, one when the leg is in contact with the ground (driving phase) and one when the leg is not in contact with the ground (recovery phase).

Works Cited(n.d.). Retrieved from New Balance: http://blog.needsupply.com/2013/03/04/new-balance-a-short-history/A history of Adidas. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/design/adi-dasslers-first-shoes-an-exhibition-by-adidas/Airmax History Nike. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nike.com/us/en_us/c/sportswear/airmaxASICS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://corp.asics.com/en/about_asics/institute_of_sport_science/materialsBrooks BIOMOGO. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.brooksrunning.com/en_us/07-24-2008.htmlBrooks DNA. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.brooksrunning.com/en_us/brooks-dna/brooks_dna.htmlCavanagh. (1980). The Running Shoe Book, Anderson World. EuroShoe. The EuroShoe approach to ergonomics. Evolution of football cleats. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://sneakerreport.com/news/the-surprising-and-unexpected-evolution-of-the-football-cleat/10Goodyear. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sportsartifacts.com/other.htmlKarho Strong Fulcrum ride. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.therunnersvibe.com/?p=2262Mizuno. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mizuno.com/corporate/history/Onitsuka Tiger brand history. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.trainerstation.com/onitsuka-tiger-brand-history.htmlRansacker. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ransacker.co.uk/home/about-us/manufacturers/the-history-of-running-shoes/Saucony Again. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://pausemag.co.uk/?p=23252Vibram Five Fingers. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.vibramfivefingers.com

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