A brief History Kiril Boyanov. East European steps in Computing The first Soviet Computers: 1948-1951 Small Electronic Computer, acad. S. Lebedev, Kiev,

A brief History

Kiril Boyanov

East European steps in Computing

The first Soviet Computers:1948-1951 Small Electronic Computer, acad. S. Lebedev,

Kiev, USSR1953 - High-speed Electronic computer, 1024 words 39

digits on vacuum tubes, magnetic drum, 8 K oper/secSoviet Computers in the period 1953-60: Strela, Ural, Setun,

M-20, Kiev, Mir, HSEC, Rasdan, Nairi..Soviet Computers on semiconductors 1962-70: Razdan and

Minsk family: Minsk 2, Minsk 22, Minsk 23, Minsk 32Romania: CIFA-1, CIFA-2 (1961)Bulgaria: Vitosha (1964)DDR: D2, R4 (1963-65)Poland: Odra family (1961-67)

Where is Bulgaria in Europe

First Bulgarian steps in digital computers

1963 – Vitosha computer (vacuum tubes)1965 – ELKA 6521, the first Bulgarian electronic

calculator1968 – Facom computer (transistors), license

agreement with Fujitsu-Fanuk1969 – specialization of Bulgaria in the production of

central processors, disk and tape drive memories within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA)


Basic parameters of the Vitosha ComputerAbout 1500 vacuum tubesWord – 40 bits, 2 instructions in one word, Index registers - 3 Random access memory – 4096 words on magnetic drum –

3000 rpmParallel arithmetic unit with 20ms time for the “Add”

instructionInput – punched tape with speed 7 rows/sOutput – serial printer with speed 20 char/sDimensions – 4m width, 2m height

First Bulgarian steps in digital computers – some photos

Photo of the first Bulgarian Computer Vitosha


Circuit Diagram of a RS trigger – the basic module of the Vitosha computer (1963)

Output “1”Output “0”

- 35 V

Input “1” Input “0”

50 50

1k 1k10k 10k

100k 100k

50100k 10k

504.7k

33k 33k

4.7k100k 100k


Vitosha computer photo of the basic module containing 4 RS triggers

Georgi Alipiev,Victor Toma,Kiril Boyanov


Moscow -1963 Demonstration of the Vitosha Computer -The first woman-cosmonaut in the world is in the middle.


Bulgarian electronic calculators

ELKA

(1966)


Bulgarian electronic calculators

ELKA

(1966)

Geographical disposition of Bulgarian computer production

Research&Development - Central Institute of computer technique (2400 persons in 1989) – Sofia

Mainframe computers, Sofia Mini-Computers, Sofia Electronic Cash registers, Sofia,

Silistra Disk Drive Memories, Stara Zagora Magnetic Disks, Pazardzik Tape Drive Memories, Plovdiv Magnetic heads for computer

memories, Razlog Mechanical constructions,

Blagoevgrad Printed circuit boards, Ruse, Bjala Micro-Computers, Pravetz Integrated Circuits, Botevgrad

Research & Development

Central Institute of computer technique (ca.2400 persons in 1989), SofiaInstitute for Microprocessors Systems (ca.1050 persons in 1989), SofiaBulgarian Academy of Sciences – CICT, ITKR, SofiaTechnical university, Sofia

ЕС ЕИМ

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

MODELS DEVICES

Mainframe

Chanels

Ext.St.Unit.

Perifer.dev.

Timesharing

Control Panel

ЕС 1010

ЕС 1020

ЕС 1021

ЕС 1030

ЕС 1040

ЕС 1050

ЕС 1060

OS

OS 10/ЕС

MOS/EC

DOS/EC

OS/EC

Software forservice

ApplicationSofttware

Mainframe Computers Production

1971 – US1020, IBM 360 compatible1974 – US1022, IBM 360 compatible1980 – US1035, IBM 370 compatible1985 – US2706, Array Processor 40 MIPS1986 – US2709, High Performance Processor, 64 bit word, over

18 MIPS, 4MB RAM, up to 4 processors in parallel1988 – US1037, Computer System with 32bit CPU - 1,8 MIPS,

16MB RAM, 317MB HDD, IBM370 compatible1989 – APS-48, Parallel processing workstation based on 48

Transputers of Inmos Corp.

Mainframe Computers Production – some photos

US1020 Computer System (1971)

256 KB ferrite core memory

CPU with 142 Instruction Set

Fixed Point Add Instruction - 20-30 µs

Power consumption 4,5KW


Control panel of US1020 computer system

(1971)


US1020 computer

system

Basic module with TTL Small Scale Integration Circuits (1971)


US1020 computer

system

US 5512 Tape subsystem controller for 8 tape drives (1971)


US1020 computer

system

US 5512 Disk subsystem controller (1971)


US1020 computer

system

US 6012 Punch Card Reader


US1020 computer

system

US 6022 Punch Tape Reader


US1020 computer

system

US 7010 Punch Card Output Device


US1020 computer

system

US 7030 Line Printer


US1020 computer

system

US 8501 Operator’s Console


ISOT 1703E high performance computer system based on US 1037 Computer System and US 2706 Array

Processor


The Parallel processing workstation APS-48is based on 48 Transputers of Inmos Corp.(1989)


Basic module with 8 processors for APS-48 (1989)


PC module of Transputer Development System

(1989)

Disk Drive Controller for APS-48, based on transputers

(1989)

Personal computers IMKO

“Pravetz“ was a Bulgarian personal computer line, that was developed by Ivan Marangozov and produced at the ITKR – BAS, and manufactured mainly in the town of Pravetz, in BAS and some components were produced in other Bulgarian cities. The computer architectures of Apple (in Pravec 8X, except for Pravec 8D) (Apple I, Apple II) and IBM PC (in Pravec 16) were used.

All 8-digit computers “Pravetz” had processors 6502 at work frequency 1,018 MHz or its Bulgarian edition СМ630.

Pravetz 16

Pravetz 16 were IBM PC compatible, with Intel 8088 and Intel 8086 processors. At first they were developed by the name of “IMKO-4". Pravetz 16А/Н - „Improved“ version of Pravetz 16, with processor v20 of NEC at 8 MHz, 1 MB memory and 20 MB hard disc. The special feature is that the processor’s measure frequency could be expanded to 12 MHz, and 384 kB of the memory could be used as a virtual disk. Pravetz 16Т – has Intel 8088 at 10 MHz and 640 kB memory. Pravetz 286 – has Intel 80286 8/12 at MHz and 1 MB memory. Pravetz 386 – has Intel 80386SX at 25 MHz and 1 MB memory.

Pravetz 16

Mini and Micro Computers Production

1974 – IZOT 0310, 8 bit, PDP 8 compatible1981 – 16 bit, 64KB RAM, PDP 11 compatible1986 – US1832, IBM PC/XT compatible1988 – 16 bit, 1MB RAM, 0.5 MIPS,

20MB HDD, PDP 11 compatible1988 – US1838, IBM PC/AT compatible1989 –32 bit, 8MB RAM, 2x300MB HDD, Vax

compatible

Minicomputer MS1706 (1986)

Personal computer US1832 (1986) -IBM PC/XT compatible

Mini and Micro Computers Production - some photos

One of the modules of Disk Drive Controller forNavy Computer System (1985)

Disk Drives Production

1968 –foundation of DZU factory for disc drives manufacturing 1971 – 7,5 MB disc drives 14” (removable disk pack) 1973 – 29 MB disc drives 14” (removable disk pack) 1974 – 56 MB disc drives 14” (removable disk pack) 1977 – 100 MB disc drives 14” (removable disk pack) 1977 – 200 MB disc drives 14” (removable disk pack) 1982 – 317 MB disc drives 14” (Winchester) 1983 – 10 MB disc drives 5.25” (Winchester) 1985 – 635 MB disc drives 14” (Winchester) 1985 – 20 MB disc drives 5.25” (Winchester) 1989 – Summit in the production volume – 1,62 billion USD 1990 – Disintegration of Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the

end of East European Computer market 1993 – 250, 360, 540 MB family of 3.5” HDD 1994 – End of Disk Drive manufacturing

Hard Disk Drive Factory at Stara Zagora

Start of disk drive production – 1971, initial investments ca.35 mill's USD

Clean room areas: Class 100 - 2,197 m2; Class 10 000 - 1,061 m2; Class 100 000 - 40,578 m2

Hard Disk Drive Factory at Stara Zagora – some photos

7.25 MB Disk Drive Unit US 5052 with removable disk pack US 5053(1971)

Tape Drives Production

1972 – reel tape unit, 64KB/s, 32 bits/mm1977 – reel tape unit, 126KB/s, 63 bits/mm1985 – reel tape unit, 492KB/s, 246 bits/mm1986 – reel tape unit, 738KB/s, 246 bits/mm1987 – stream tape unit, 160KB/s, 63 bits/mm1988 – 20MB cartridge tape unit, 90KB/s,

394 bits/mm 1989 – 60MB cartridge tape unit, 55KB/s,

315 bits/mm

Tape Drives Production– some photos

Reel Tape Drive Unit US 5012(1972)

Data transfer speed – 64Kbytes/sTape Speed – 2m/sWeight – 450 kg

Генерален конструктор

Главен конструктор

България


СССР


Чехословакия


Германия


Полша


Унгария

Съвет на специалистите

ЦП


ПУ


ВЗУ

Работнагрупа

Работнагрупа

. . .

…

Съвет на главните конструктори


ПО


ТД

Facts about Bulgarian computer production in 1989

Bulgaria was No.1 amongst the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA)

Bulgarian computer export was more than the total computer export of all the rest CMEA countries

There was no other country in CMEA producing Hard Disk Drive memories

4675 researchers were involved in computer R&D activities in 1988

Total Bulgaria export of computers for the 1983-89 period was 18,8 bil.rubles

The annual computer export from that period has paid the annual import of 6 mil.tones oil, 1 mil.tones of steel, etc.

Facts about Bulgarian computer production in 1989 (cont.)

Year 1980 1985 1988 1990

Total amount of enterprises

144 165 204 206

Total personal involved (thousands)

126 148 169 181

Percent of total Bulgarian labor force

9.3% 10.6% 11.7% 13.1%

Assets (mil.USD) 1154 1935 3162 3949

Total production (mil.USD)

3861 4951 7387 5436

Percent from Bulgarian total Industrial production

9.3% 11% 14.5% 12%

Facts about Bulgarian computer production in 1989 (cont.)

CMEA Countries

TotalBulga-

riaHun-gary

DDR CubaPo-land

Roma-nia

USSRCze-

choslovakia

Export (mil.rubles)

3174 1653 245 472 14.6 404 36 153 197

% 100% 52% 7.7% 14.9% 0.46% 12.7% 1.13% 4.81% 6.21%

Import (mil.rubles)

3174 36 28.6 223 28 80.7 67.7 2390 321

% 100% 1.14% 0.9% 7.02% 0.88% 2.54% 2.13% 75.3% 10.1%

Total turnover (mil.rubles)

6348 1689 273.6 695 42.6 484.7 103.7 2543 518

% 100% 26.6% 4.3% 10.1% 0.67% 7.63% 1.63% 40% 8.17%

1989 1990 06. 1991

Calculators 32806 32346 200

Mainframes 93 80 -

Controllers (tape, disk) 1 028 100 -

Disk Drives (Main frame) 44 612 85 854 10 103

Disk Drives (mini) 125 138 112 220 5 831

Terminals and Com. Process. 57 586 5 000 -

Export

Bulgaria, ICT market value (2003-2007)

Bulgaria, ICT market value, € million (source EITO 2006)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Computer hardware 124 148 201 200 224

Office equipment 13 14 15 16 16

End-user communications equipment 137 238 277 269 311

Datacom and network equipment 196 211 224 238 253

Total ICT equipment 470 610 716 724 804

Software products 35 40 45 51 57

IT services 42 51 59 63 69

Carrier services 829 1,056 1,225 1,325 1,396

Total ICT 1,375 1,757 2,046 2,164 2,327

Total IT 251 298 373 389 431

Total telecommunications 1,124 1,458 1,674 1,775 1,896

John Vincent Atanasoff

(circa 1983)

Born on 4 October 1903 in Hamilton, N.Y. His father Ivan Atanasov was a Bulgarian

immigrant since 1889, electrical engineer. His mother was Iva Lucena Purdy, a mathematics

schoolteacher.In 1926, John Vincent and Lura Meeks were

married. Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff died 15 June 1995 of

a stroke at his home in Monrovia, Md. He was 91 years old.

Personal Data

THANK FOR ATTENTION!

Documents

A brief History Kiril Boyanov. East European steps in Computing The first Soviet Computers: 1948-1951 Small Electronic Computer, acad. S. Lebedev, Kiev,