Jan M. Rabaey, Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. BrE. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersenodersen

Scientific Co-Directors Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC)University of California at Berkeley

A Brand New Wireless DayA Brand New Wireless DayThe Second Decade of BWRCThe Second Decade of BWRC

BEARS 2009, BEARS 2009, February 12, 2008February 12, 2008

10 Years of BWRC

Ultra-low Power Wireless60 GHz CMOS Wireless

Pulse-Based UWB Cognitive Radio

Real-time Prototyping

A Decade of ImpactA Decade of Impact

Start-up companies, numerous best paper awards, alumni’s as leaders in the wireless industry and academia

BWRC –

Quo Vadis?

5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN)7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017 (Source: WWRF)

1000 wireless devices per person?

[Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia]

EE Times,January 07, 2008

Growth of Wireless to Continue Unabatedly!

Infrastructionalcore

Sensory swarm

Mobileaccess

The Emerging IT Platform

The Birth of Societal IT Systems*: Looking Beyond the Devices

Complex collections of sensors, controllers, compute and storage nodes, and actuators that work

together to improve our daily lives

*Also known as SiS

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

7 trillion radios quickly run out of spectrum …Wireless is notoriously unreliableHeterogeneity causes incompatibilitiesMost devices energy-constrained

Imagine a Different World

IEEE Proceedings, July 2008

How would you build your wireless network?

The “Aether-Plug”

−

A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage?

The fundamental problem of wireless:Forced interaction

Scarcity of spectrum and energy resources

Tech A

Tech B

Tech C

WL 1

WL 3

WL 2

Wireless Today!

Space

The “Aether-Plug”

−

A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage?

Combat interference through better utilization of resources

Pro-active coexistenceCollaboration

A Transformative Deployment Model :Spectrum as a Dynamically Tradable Commodity

The Connectivity-Brokerage Model

PS

D

Frequency

PU1

PU2

PU3

PU4

Sense spectral environment over wide bandwidthReliably detect primary users and/or interferersRules of sharing available resourcesFlexibility to adjust to changing circumstances Con

figur

able

arr

ay RF

RF

RF

Sensor(s)

Optimizer

Reconfigurable

Baseband

Cognitive terminal

First Experiment in Cognitive: TV Bands @ 700 MHz(IEEE 802.22)

Pro-active Coexistence

to Enable

Dynamic Spectrum Allocation

The Power ofCOLLABORATIONConventional mindset: Services compete!Adding terminals degrades user capacity

Working together leads to better capacity, coverage, efficiency

and/or reliability

Goal: Linear improvement in capacity with the number of users (Gupta/Kumar, Leveque/Tse)

Multi-hop mesh

CollaborativeMIMO

Connective Brokerage: Making Coexistence and Collaboration WorkFunctional entity that enables collection of terminals to transparently connect to backbone network or each other to perform set of services

A Technical as well as Economic Proposition

Tech C

Tech B

Tech A

RepositoryBrokerWL 1,2,3

Policies, Models

Space

Multi-disciplinary projectProposed as NSF ExpeditionIn collaboration with business school,providers and regulators

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

Ever Higher-Data Rates60 GHz Offers Plenty of Free Spectrum, but …• Restricted to Room Size• Takes Watts

Single-carrier LOS

Single-carrier Beamforming

Relaying and Distributed MIMO

Gigabits/sec for Mobiles?Energy-Efficient 60 GHz Personal Area Networking

Prototype 60 GHz LOS Transceiver

Simple modulation (2 PAM)High bandwidthLow complexity high-speed analogLow speed digital control/calibration

Simple modulation (2 PAM)High bandwidthLow complexity high-speed analogLow speed digital control/calibration

170mW TX mode; 138mW RX170mW TX mode; 138mW RX

Collaborative Wafer-Scale Radio1000s

of radios and antennas

on single or a stack of wafers •

Communication channels configurable in range and capacity •

Unprecedented opportunities in imaging

Challenges• On-chip antennas with high efficiency•

High-speed back-bone communication link•

Wide-area synchronization for collaborative communications

Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

The Sensory Swarm “Adding senses to the Internet”

“Disappearing electronics”Low-costMiniature sizeSelf-contained from energy perspective

UCB PicoCube

UCB mm3

radio

True Immersion

Still out of reach

Example: Microscopic Wireless to Power Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI)The Age of NeuroscienceBMI –

The Instrumentation of Neuroscience

• Learning about operation of the brain• Enabling advanced prosthetics•

Enabling innovative human-machine

interfaces

mm3

nodesremotely powereduWs to 1 mW

power budget

Rethinking the Meaning of ScalingTraditional scaling rules have minor impact in “Mobile and Sensory Swarm”…

Exponentially increasing number of (ultra-)small components

Driven byheterogeneousintegration ofinnovativetechnologies

Passive MEMS Components Provide Selectivityat ULP [Courtesy: N. Pletcher, UCB]

Mechanical Computing [Courtesy: C. Nguyen, UCB]

Relay-Based LogicCourtesy: E. Alon, UCB]

In Summary …